                       ˿µϣ20040722գ

04.07.22, ѫá׷һѧʿٶ˶ʿ
04.07.22, ߹ޡӸ¼ӵɵı̸
04.07.22, ţҲ̸ѷĹ¡ƶγɵġ
04.07.22, Ͼձʵ»󿼲 ڿ׷׽¶кĻ
04.07.22, ʱӺʦ˭
04.07.22, ݹ¼Լֽ
04.07.22, һԸʵ»Ŀ
04.07.22, ʵ
04.07.22, ɱĳЩڲòȻƤ
04.07.22, ʵ»¼½չ
04.07.22, malonͬг顱orһҲ˵¼
04.07.22, ӡåϹӦʾڡ
04.07.22, ġٲĹ򣬺ùû
04.07.22, ĵ磺ŵŻ
04.07.22, ˼»䡪̸̸ҵĿо
04.07.22, 桶̲ʾ¼

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׷һѧʿٶ˶ʿ

ѫãУƴ󣲣ܷо

˵

    ȣغ;ġʱһһбҵ
ãμӷѧԵԿڻΪһ
ͷĲʿǹ۵㻹ıʺʽ˶Ŀһ£һµĸ
ȻȻָоʮԿģ֪ɡ
ָоһֱͳңֱڶ޷ı䡣ǰ굽ϴѧ
ݽʱ۾ӿԶԶȥķƺһݽ֮
ʦ˵ҶӡǴЦ˵ԺΪ
ѧԺԺͻͷˡ˵Ĳ٣
ҵΪһ꣬棬֣죬ÿÿ
һ㸡Ժ

    ΣͱѧԺԣҸΪ˴ȴѧ
ƽĵطˡѧԺϾ̫СʹˡҲ㼼
ˣûʲôԹģûʲôģס֮
Уʸߣ˵Ӣɣļܿϲʿרҵθǣ
ֲϣԱͺڵһͿ¼ȡʱʦѧУ»½ڶԸ
и߷ֻԶ߷ֵԱ㷢²·ں
̫١ĵ˶ʿСıƲã㸴Բػɴ籱ѧ
Ժ㸴ԵĻᣨǴıУĹü
˵Ҫչĳĳиֱ˵Ǿǲ¼ָ߷ֵܵѧ
û֤˵㣬㻹𣿿µӾ˼СǸ߷֣
߷һˮƽû෴֤֪Ҿ͵ܣ˻𣿣
ѧöˣ

    ٴΣǷǹĺˡΪѧࡢΪѡ˲ű
ڹû֤Ҳ˵ϾйʢȺ֮ġ
˵ĸܼƶԭǡеĺˡеĺˡ
Ӧúܶ˸жлˡ

    Ҿͦõģĸʲô

ԱһƬ׺ҿʼ׷

     һʿûб׼Գɼǲǹƽ¼ȡĿǷΧ
ûֺαҪԣ˵ҪѡоǾ㣨ǣ
߹ڣʵ»߸Աߴ绰ļʮиʲô¼¡øλȷ
ĿоλߵĿλڼʮ
ӵ̸϶͡ͷָܡָʻⲻǲã޳ܵ
ǿʶ׻˵ˣ׻Ҳ˵֮λ޴ʣصҪ
֤¼ȡûƫġ¼ȡĿε㡢ôʹƸ
ǲ¼ȡǡֻ֤ЩǿԱŷġҲ֤
ش¼ϣȻСϰնԣν˸ʳ
Ļ֤ŵ㣬ͬʱҲԼֵĻ֤ʴﲻı׼
Ҫ֪д˲ٹѽΪÿƣСʱƣСʱ
רҵαԵĳɼܲѧоĻôԡԼ
Ҫ֪ʼΪƫʧȥ˸ԵĻᣩʮӵԾһܲ
ôǵһλ˵һ¼ȡȥѧУ
ָ˵˲λ쵼ƨǾǲ¼ȡָ߷ֵ
ѧ ֤Ǹ߷ֵܣ¼ȡĿǵͷָ
أĸ߿Ĳκ˶޷ϵģ
ΪβŸʡ߿״Ԫһɲ¼ȡѸ߿е󣿣

   ƫԵʮԣǿ۳Ǵֻʱ䣬
СʱмģåƦʽ⣬㵽
ûǣû۵ı׼

    㣨ǣĿøʿ˵һ˵ûоû
ѧĻ㣨ǣôƫƫøĿ˵һ
ֿԷʽǲΨһ˵Ϊʵĸ
֮ʹǲ¼ȡ¼ȡߵĿĻǲҲͬʱ
㣨ǣܶһˮƽڵµԾʹûѧ
˿˵һǣһˮƽµĵʦʶͷָܡѧ
أ

    ƾ˵ⳡԺͱ𣿸ԵȫǱ
Ŀ⣬ֺͬڱԵѡѧĹأΪǵ
⣬Ǹ徭áĳյøûо
ֳԭΣΪʲôڱоҴʵĿأ
Ϸʣջϲռæ׷ɣûѧ
ɣ

    ǰ컹֪ͨʸԣҲû֪ͨʸԣĽ
Ϊʲô˵أΨһ߸֪ͨ˵ʲôأ

    ŻشžȨַĸʿΪʵ
Ϊԭ¼ȡϸû¼ȡĺϸ鷳ˣ
̫ˣǲ¼ȡμӸԣ⣨
ÿߵˮƽԶ׼˼Ŀŵߵڰףָ߷֣
ڿԱԶܺõֻ˺Ƥ˵ķĲ㷢ں
ڿϵĲ˶УıƲУҪֱ˵Ҫ
չĳӣУʦȵȡ

  ŲΪѡ˲Ų¸ҵ
ƵȶԵĹҶߣ⡱øʲμӸԣ˶
ڵĻԵʶǿˣѧδܽɽҲı˲٣
ѵΪڵĺǻ˵ûëϯǾûлϴѧһû
мΪ塢ΪΪ˲Ŷ¸ҵġȻ
˻¸ңԻԸ¸ңҲȻأ
һԭ

    ֪¸ҴΪɸ˵ԭ˵࣬
صֿơɡ  شô˵
Ϊѡ˲Ųô¸ҵĻҽջеĶ㲻Ļ
ԸΪţƾʹ

    ɶ֮ѧɣѡ˲ţٳ¼֮

    㲻֤֪޷֤ⲻ֪ͨ
μӸԣ벻Ҫ˵оԺ£شҲΪûо
ô

     ΪҪҪͬר
ͶƱΪڽаܵһ˵ҿ
縣ƱеԴʾԿԻشͬı
һá㿴ܵǵɣԺоԮɷж٣Ϊʲô
ڣжʲôأȣһ־λ
ʮʦĥ˵ķԺоĳһоأΪ
ķԺоأΪķԺоҿ˵ĸɡܷ˾ͦ
ģϽ᲻ΪȰܷȻŷķ䣬Ȼأ
ΪԺо˵һ˵ʮɣʮʦ˵
Ĺ۲̫ˣȻ˵Ǵڹطҵ
ĵ аԭأΪʲ
ô͸ͷԡ֪ԮķУҲԻشΪʲ
ôѽǷԺôģйУɷķɷû
˵ʲ𣿡ѽʱˡ
һ˵ʲôˣհգյһаɣǣʵĻشѿڡ
ԻЦȴĻֱԻûлشҵ⡭
Ͼ˵ѽ

    Ա汾λˣߣ

    ٿܵһ⣬ʸʣ徭áʱ棿ʱ
ܼסꡢաεس桢˭ܣѧ


    ܺ˵ˣ㿴ʵ»˶ʿڱԡ
ԭ˰ɣҪľǴ󵨡¡ʵ˲ţͷԵĵС
㲻Ҳˣ˵ûͳƹˣʲôȦӣNOһ
ѧҪ

    ˵ˣ徭áʱ͸ˣֱӷң˵
ⲻֵûش𲻾͵ˣƫƫҪ˵ʲôţǲ
սȨNO ֮߱ѧ

    غ΢ߡ

    ǿʦΪγٵҸպô˸ʵ»ԡܻ
ȥǿʦԼãǿʦµˣǲĵ
ӱʲôΪˣ治ûشĻ

(XYS20040722)

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Ӹ¼ӵɵı̸

߹

    ¼·ӵɼ绤׳֤ݣ֤
ףʵЧáֱͼӱ۱з
ַ̽ѧʵ

    ȣֻǼϵ֣̽ĳĳԺ֮⣬Ǳġ

    ݹӵΪ绤Ĺ̴徭漸׶Σ

    һ׶Ǻͷ֤ƷȻֱ۴ݺ
ʽ϶ǲ԰׵ģʵֱ۷ǹеȨĹ緽
СʱõġҰ־ô˵ġЧƣοֻ
ȨĵطԵһ׶ӵɵı۲û𵽻ã
Ϊã챻ֽȺۣƷ

    һ׶Σӵͬ־ʶ˿նںŵĸ̵ãתͼ֤
ۣҪľ֤˵밬Ļ˽׶ӵ
֤ݱǺͬѧṩϵ֤ݵֻ֤֤
ͬѧŵĵϵȻǷ밬⡣Ҵһ֤ݵ
ڹδ漰˽ڶԳֻ˽İѱ
չ˶˽ۡǴһ֤һʼһۣ
Ҳδ뵽Ǿ԰˽⣬֪ѧоȸǿ
ΪսýǱıԳɼ㲻սĽҲӦ
ΪҪжݣΪǷ¼ȡ֤ЧӦҲͱԳɼ൱
ڶ찬ϵıУӵɰ챾˴һʼҴ
ʱ֤ݻûнһҪ⣬ǾǰͬѧǷûͨԶ
ƸѡвμӸԵġ

    ׶ΣһӶӵʶĴ󣬿ʼ֤ʿ
ĺԣǿ˵ʦеľȨʵһ׶Σӵɲ
ҵڡϧڴ˽׶ӵɲûһƪڲʿ
֤ݻǳ´һ׶һλͬѧṩĳĲʿ
¡Ϊ˼µ׳ӵڴ˳Ψһȷľٶ
ĺṩ֧֡ʣµı˫Դ¼ĸпͻĳЦˣ
˴ע

    ӵɵ׶εı֣Ϊڴ˳ӵɵһЩʧ
ֵϰΪ롣

    ȣ¼İաӵɰ챾˶ڸʺ͹
δоڿʼʱٴʧĹĵʵͰ
ĹϵǹĵʵǱʿ¼ȡеĹΪڰϵȷ
˻ɵĵطӢû߱Ƹʵ֤ʵļѾ
ȨвʿϿûбԹһ˵֮
ʹͰйϵֻҪӰ쵽ʿĹڴ¼֮Ҳ
塣˵һ䣬˻ʵӵһʼͼ
찬ϵ˺°Ǵġǰԣӵһʼ㽫ͬѧ
ҵļйȨԴϽ¼Ϸ㲻Ժۡ
ͦ˵ƶȲøģҪŵϡɼ
ڰȷնϰ˵Ҫһʶ
׼ȷĳ˵;˰ʤ

    ΣУӵȱ߼˵֤ݡΨһ
ԳƵıǺͬѧṩϵͼǶڴ֤ݱͬѧҲδ
Ӧеķ֤߲²ͬѧ֤ݵҪĿͨ
ϵķͬѧʵӴĻ٣ԲϤ
ϵʦζصĶ֪ͣڱ۹еߵĹ
һĳݵѧ㻹֤
˲β͡ԴСȽͬѧ֤
Ȼ˵Ҳδг֤Ϊѧϰߣڱ֤ʱӦ
оݣƫУҪҲܺκһ׵
ֻһĴԲҪΪԼʹԼľ
ø״á

    ٴΣڱҪֳļҽ̺רҵѧϰɵӦ֪
һ⣬ǵԼᡣʹ
оǾ˱ʱҲӦ¶˵˿ܲ⣬
ǰƽӦܹסһϰߵĸƽȣ˵Ȩ
ڣκȨᡣڱ۵ĹӵеĲֳԱʱ
ڱʦȨĳݣĳŵϵĳѧѧˮƽȱѧУ
߳ܶࡣΪһϰӦġĳĳѧԺҲ
գѹ˶һ ѧɵӦ֪ݵԼת䣬Ҫ̫
ݵ£嶼ֻǳƤңοݣοֻ
߰ѧݡӢ۲۳ͬåҲ۳
ͬʱӵȨζſӹȨǸͬѧ֤ݵĲ֮
ڡȻĳȨǾζĳ
ôҲҪĹѧϰɵӦ⣬
ĳ֮ԷŭûѭӦѭĳ򡣶ͨ
ۣǿĳط͹ʶҲԶûġй
·Դе֪

    ⣬ڱ۹Уֱڣӵڱʱô϶кܶ
㣬áоݵ˵˫ķһԱȴҾͿ
ԿԵĲ

    С᣺ΪһϰߣҪеı׷Ψϣ
Ψ£ֻΨʵҪ˱ͷƽȡɡʥҲ
ݵı仯仯Ҫп̿ѵרҵʣԸ⽫Ͷ
һʥҵȥ

    ֣ͬѧǸ֮ԶᵽֻҪҶ
ѧˮƽоƷʦĹϵ˿ɣ½⡣

(XYS20040722)

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Ҳ̸ѷĹ¡ƶγɵġ

ţ

 Ҷһƪĺۡĵ
⡪ЪѷĹ¡ͺܾ䣬ͬѧֱ
пԭ

ƶγɵ
ЪѷĹ



Ի
 ҥ


ϣʱһҳʷĽѵ౾顣

1801 33ҹʢ٣ԺƻͨһƬæҡѾ
߷Ժϯ󷨹һµȻŹԼЪæŸ
ί״ӸǹԺĴӡЪʱǴ䡿ͳ
ǰͨķԺո׼ġЩΰ
ٵļڵϾŵӲʹԺΪַʳЧʵı
һ¼ȥ׵ͳ͹ѡȫʧܡӷ
Ͽҹ֮ǵ˹ͳͽΣЪҲжȥְ֮ǵ
ͷ͵(˹͵Ĺ͵ǽ֮ǰһ
ǨҲǱ۵һֲ֤)ܸѷͳΪ
ǰսԲһЪҹ֮ǰͳЩί״

սԲ1800ĩͿʼˡȨȨɥʧ
ΨһܼƵؾǲֱܴѡӰ˾ءˣ 
1800ĩ߷Ժϯ󷨹岻Ѷְ˿صĺѡ
˽Ҳԡ岻ѡΪлǵ˹ͳ׳ 
(ʱ45)䡢ᶨЪϯ󷨹٣õ˹Ժ
ϿɡжεĹỹȡһϵж1801213պ27Ⱥͨ
ˡѲطԺ͡ױ֯ķԺϵͳش
ǰһѲطԺ3ӵ6ǰûУ6
16ѲطԺ١ܶ16ڻʢһ
οشӰ5Ժÿһٺ
һִ٣ֽ߷Ժ󷨹ٵ6ٵ5һ
˿ϡٵڽ׶ĸ425ΰ١һ
ûй涨ͳһڽԽһͳѡ٣
ѷͳ޸޷滻һҳϵ˾Щ
Ĺְΰǵ˹ְǰһְǰĵԺ׼
ġеί״ڵҹ֮ǰɹԺӡ֮ͳʵǹ
Ժǹӡ֮ȻͳͳͲĹ¡Ļ
ûСƾ˷ٽ޷ǵĹصְ
¾ͳ֮ҹͬʱιϯ󷨹ٵЪ
ɵָһˣһͨͽί״֮£ί
иܣձΪĻʢٵղķ˹Ъȷ
ղķ˹ЪȴǸձΪ16ѲطԺ֮һҹ12㣬¿˾
ܳLevi LincolnͻȻҪ󽻰࣬ʹЪûеǩ

һж׼ͣһ¼ȴ˳е˵̡
ղķ˹δܽȫķί״ͳ̫ٴʱ17ΰ
ί״ڹԺǹԺͳܸѷͳ˷30
У23ԭ42˵νܸѷͳ
Щ͡塱ߣ֪һϢָĹ䡾ʵ
ָʱ˾Levi Lincoln ѷܾЩѾ
ǩӡί״Щί״ͬ칫ҵķֽһˡ 
йЩί״ȥղķ˹Ъ֤ʱ˵the commissions for the 
plaintiffs had been properly sealed and signed (he had actually been 
delivering the commissions that fateful midnight and had those for 
Harper and Hooe in his possession but just had not been able to get 
them to the appointees)ͬʱ͵Ϊ¹Ҳ뷨
180238ճɹطϳˡѲطԺûгйΰٵ
֯Ϊ˷ֹЪµ߷ԺԹΪս¹
һԷʽʹ߷Ժ180112µ18032¹ر˳14
1801 1221߷Ժ˰¹180238ͨķ
ʹ߷Ժ18024µ18032¹رգֻ11¡߷Ժٴο
ͥʱѾ1803ˡ

޷ί״Լλǵ˹ҹ١
Σ1789꡶ٷ13涨߷ԺĹϽȨ
ϣҪ߷Ժιѷѵݽί״ͬ
ʱ˶Թ͵ƵĹϳѲطԺΪҲѲطԺ
ϡЪ󷨹ٵС

Ъ󷨹ٵľǳ΢Ҳǳ֡ǳ
ѵѵܷѷͳ͹͵ˣͬʱΪʹܹЧ˾
͵߷ԺȨҲߣʹΪͳͬȵĻء
ȻЪҲ֪ܶΪǮ޽߷ԺȨ
ޣ޷ǿ͹߷ԺоڴǰЪ
תѷҪϾʹ磬Ȼѷǡˣ
ʹ߷Ժоѷ˶Ըһоô
Ҫǻᡰ͵ɷʴסЪ˵ĺ߷ԺȨ
һ͡ΪһζܾЩζš
˿Ъڹ͵˵Ĳ񡰷㡱ǰˣ߷ԺҲ
ͬġɻǲ(To be or not to be)һĬʽ
⣬ΪĬأΪ۸ɲɶҡ

׺ԳӢ۱ɫЪҪһذܵսд
һɹսѡѷһз(һУЪ
ˣ϶¹ϳѲطԺΪ)ڸðоУЪ
ƻ()Ϊ

1ǷȨί״Did Marbury have a legal right to his 
commission? ǷȨõǷ״2Ȩ
ΥˣϿʲôȼáWould a writ of mandamus enforce his 
right?ķܷΪȨṩϵľȼã3Ͽ
ȼãǷ߷ԺѵCould the Court issue the writ? 
߷Ժܷ񷢳ִ飿 ݳ27ҳоУЪ
20ҳܹ17ҳMegan Nichols ˵The Marshall opinion denying 
Marbury his commission covers a total of seventeen pages in the 
official reports of the Supreme Court.ǰ˿϶Ļش
ǣ߼Ͽ˵ѷΥȻȻص߷ԺȨȨ
ѷԼΥĹؼڣԺûȨѷ
ѵ

ݵ1789ķٷ13һ涨߷Ժ
һϽȨѷѵǣЪ˵ܷ
İܷ涨߷ԺһϽ֮ڣ1789ġٷ
ʵ߷ԺĹϽȨˣܷ͡ٷ֮һϵ
涨໥ܷͨгͻʱЪָܷΪ
ܷߵķɣһıݡҲ˻˵
ԽܷͷɣĽ͡Ъָȷɹ涨ĺȻ
˾ŵغΣгͻɷԺ˭Ч
ЪĽǣܷ౳ķΥܵģҲЧġˣ
Ȩѷʹί״ΥȨѷ棬
ʵߺͿʼ˭Ͳʹί״޹ء
Ӧõɾȼãǣ߷ԺԴûйϽȨ̴ͻнڣ
ЪһɼоҲ
ܸѷͻ

ںۺͷӾͲˡȽ˼㽭ѧѧԺ
ϵΡʿʦڶӵֺ˵Ҳ
ͬС 

ڵġ¡Ĺ£
1800 11£ڹԽһֱִλ
(federalist)ͳѡܡǣ涨3
3Ұĸõǵ˹(Adams)ͳ͹Ъ(John Marshall)
ͼ˾еڱ°ţھѡеİܾ֣
ͬʱάܷ
ͬ12 £߷Ժϯ󷨹EllsworthԽϵǳʣ
ǵ˹ȻеĹЪְͬʱȻ
ƵĹᣬҲǰæͨйԺ֯ķɣ
һ1801227յġױ֯(The District of 
Columbia Organic Act)ݸ÷Ĺ涨ͳ֮ڹ42
(Justices of Peace)Ϊ5ꡣһְλôҪʵ
ڿɿԽ½ͳѡ٣µѡĽܸѷͳ޸ĸ÷֮⣬޷
ѡ
180132գǵ˹42ΰ١Щ33ҹ
ǰԺͬ⡢ͳǩ𡢹ºЧʽǱ֮Ϊ
ҹ٣ (midnight judges)ʱִ٣֮УЩ
˵״˳ظ33ЪֵղķʿʹһЩ
˵״ʱĽͨͨѶδĵ? 
(William Marbury)еһλùߣǡǡ˶ʹԼֱд
һܷʽ֮С
180134գ͵ܸѷ(Jefferson)ʽ3ͳ
֪17ΰٵ״ڹԺĳʱĹ
ѷ (Madison)ҪЩѾǩ𲢾ӡ״䡰ͬ칫
ķֽһˣ˺󣬹͵˿Ƶ¹180238 ճ
طϳˡѲطԺûгйΰٵġױ֯
Ϊ˷ֹЪµ߷ԺԹΪս¹
һԷʽʹ߷Ժ18011218032¹ر˳14
֮á
ѷܷ֮״Ȼѻȴδӵ״˵Ĳ
Уͬε˱1789ġ˾ 13Ĺ涨
Ϊݣֱ߷ԺԹѷְִ(writ of 
mandamus)ǿ佻Щ״
http://www.calaw.cn/include/shownews.asp?newsid=3107


д Ĳοס

Presidents versus the Court

By Robert W. Langran.

http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c02_k.ht
ml

MARBURY V. MADISON AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW
By Megan Nichols

http://www.cumberlandcollege.edu/academics/departments/history_poly_sc
i/upsilonian/MeganNichols97.htm

The Presidential Election of 1800

by James Parton

http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/policamp/parton.htm

(XYS20040722)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

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2004-7-17Ͼձ

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ĺӺѧʦʿһٶߵĹǷ׷״
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ͬѧϾѧϵ1999ҵ߼ߣȥ꣬μϺ
ĳѧ˶ʿԣڱȡ˲ĳɼȴˡ
ˣԵĵʦҲǡʱı̫֣ڱ¼
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ʱʦУѧĿȽףȴҳ˸⡣

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УѧЩѧѧ༶θɲƽʱʦϲѧԺ
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Ӣɼȹߵһ֣չ涨ܲμԡǣ
μԣҵʦ߷ֵ֣ܷԳɼ
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(XYS20040722)

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Ӻʦ˭

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ûдﵽʸߵȴȡá˸ʸ񣬶һͨ˸ԡ

·󱱴ѧԺԺϷ˹ţʾӭý
ල֤¼ȡƽǣԿһ߲һʸû
УûдﵽУоԺ涨ĸʸģȴȡá˸ʸ
˳ͨ˸ԡôҲλԺ˵ġƽ͡
ĶеǣĹƽ̸Ϲƽ֪λԺܲλ
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ʾǽõġ

һ˵˵һЩƸУԴǣһı˶ʿ
ĲʿеԭڴӱƵʿӣʹ˶
˸ġأųһЩƸУ˶ʿͲʿƷ
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ڴڲʿиӿѧƽ¼ȡ򣬸͸
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(XYS20040722)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)
	
¼Լֽ

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ƴѧԽԽ롢ȫ桢ޣҲʱԪӽǿ
ǴӸǶ⣬󣬿ѧʦʦԼ
Դ

ʹ⡢ʹ֮ڿ֮·һ
ΪίԼΪ˲ί˶׷׷
ʡڡڵѧڶѣ˳뱾¼йص
ˡ粩ʿԳٵǿʦμԵľڽϤǸ
Ӧ൱ϤŮоԺĴԱȴȱϯ

Ǳֻܾͼ¼ּ̽⡣

оԣԣĳĹ

ڵĳʿѭԭһҪͨͨ
ǲܲμӸԵģμԲһͻᱻ¼ȡ㶼ԡ
ûгʾκ֤ݵºǵؽŮҲμԡҲ
Ĭ˷ѧΩһиʸİʵָֻǰƸѧУ
ĳЩΪǸ㷨ɵģĴǺܺܲԣ
ǲѿڵԡ߼ԱȰҪǿNҲѿҲ
һЩ֮źᵽΪѧû¼ȡʣȴûᵽ
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ô˭޸ġĻ빫ƽϷأڣ
ҲͲеˣڣǵ׻˭أ˭ܸࣿ
ĳ߾𣿱ĵ𣿱Ľ

оԣԣĳ

ӱ˶ʿҵǵõʱԣԣ龰յӡС
ѧĸ֪ͨ飬ָʱڣμԵĽڵˣ½
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ݰʵĳ2004걱ѧʿϱʱΪ
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ѧԺԺ׼¼¼Ĺƺ˵ˣ٣ڰ
ʴ볡ڵĳ´ֻǺ㵽ǿˣȴûȷ
ʴŽҲûȷϰʳ´ָڰʴ
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ˡһԿȱ㹻ӵĿһȱ㹻ӵķһģ
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Ŀеıѧ壿֪ǷҪάͳصѧ
ׯϣǣ鰢ı۲Ҳգǣںǿ
ڴְл¡ллʡ

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Ϊĳޣڱ£һԲϸӹţѧƷ
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ûӵ£޿̵£ķѧרңǳˡ֮
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У԰ƽڵ߽̳ƶȵĸԼƶܳΪһֿ
ܣѧʡְԳΪһȨʢ⻷ΪһڱΣ
Ա޸ģԱƶͣûм⣬
ûܵͽ䣬гͽȨȵĲźͻûйسͽ
ˣ¶˺Ļ˺⵽
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ʽֵļֿ

ļۣùİʳΪˣҲһùˡ
Ľֿ¼֣

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йʿڸֿǣڷѧԺԼй쵼ļ£û
б¼ȡѻۡԶһ¼ȡ񱱴ڰУǰһ
һϵŮɱսʦһ»СС»ˡ

ûб¼ȡѻۡԶҲûб¼ȡǱһѧ
2005ѧ

ġڴ걻ĳѧѧԺ¼ȡýһƬѧԺѧ
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ѧԺָǰʹʱҵһõѧλ

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ؼֵΪũҵңΪԲΣڱѧԺʽѧ
ձʿڡǿڡܽ¡Ϊʰ䷢Ƹ顣ѻۡ
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(XYS20040722)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

һԸʵ»Ŀ

עʵ»¼Ѿһʱˣϵһֱһߵ
Ҳ˵䡣

ȣҲһԼҲԡҵľ飬Һ
ʦһΪѧԺԳȷкܲ淶ĵطͬ
ҿʦкΡΣҺ
⡰һôʣʷӵǡǡ
ģ͸߿֮ĲʦĻеģ㲻Ĳ
Ȱ㲻Ҫʿ

Ļ϶һԤϵϣԵķ
ǷĸйǡѻһڡϣҲҪ֮
޳ܣ֡Ļ˿ʵ˿4ҵӡ
ѧʵűʵ汾ĵصǷһ¸ԵĿ⡣

϶۸ԵԡԵȣʵǵõĵһֲֻ
иʵ»ͬѧʦӣĶۺͲ롣һеķ
ӦΪݣԤۺͶǲӦõġǷշ
ͥı۵ʽȽһġڹסࡱʲô

һڵһ⣬ͬѧǡʦ⣺1"Ժ
оԮɡж٣Ϊʲô"ʦǡڸʻͬѧ
ڷԺǣڵǸԺķճ˾Ҫ
ЩɣԼΪʲô

1, ȶԸͬѧеűʾɣŴԭãͬѧ
α֤ԭԭ˵ͬѧֻǸʦĿδʶ
ŵĺ壬ôͬѧǷȱѧӳϣʦ
ʱӦòϧԣͬѧҪ֧ţҪ֤ݡ
Ϊʦĸš

2, ǲʦĸĿһĺĿȿɡ
ѧԼΧĹ۲һķͬʱҲ
˽ͬѧĹȥݸͬѧԼûкʦȻ
Ŀûб׼𰸣ҪΪ˿조ۺо

3,˫ӣͬѧȫûץסĺģǰաѧΡ
ķʽشģʦѲˡӸͬѧĻȷ
𰸡˵ȷʵʿо˱ѧϰ

ڶһ⣬ͬѧʦĿûз硣Ӹͬ
ѧ֣ٴοͬѧȱѧ˼͹۲죬ֺͣ͸
ı㣨ƽӵԼԼ״̬Ĺע顱

֮ͬѧһ̶֧ʦĽۣͬѧȱ
ѧδѧоıʣҲûй˼ԣͬѧ
Եĳɼ϶òˡˣҲû֤֤ʦڡסȻ
淶̫ЩҪĽġ

ҵ̸һԵ⣬о

1. ʦĿģʿĿרŵĴѧоרţѧ
ýȥ͵üįΪѧоرСҵ
ֻϲоܴȤ˲ÿСѧ
ѧλΪĿģѧλȥȨ棬еʦҪġ
ȻںҵһѧʵѧѧҪֳѧȤ

2. ʦкɣʦоΪ˼̳Լѧ˼
ԵʦԼ˼벻ϵѧǲеģһĿءҲ
˵ĳĳʦָԼһѧ󲿷һĵʦǴ
ʦǼʹѧϰʦؽҲû

3. ʦʦѡǱѧǿԺõѧйӦ
Խ̫ῼԵѧȫеģֻܿԵļʮ
ӡʲôѧǡǱġ󲿷ֵʦҲûʮȷı׼Ϊ
ʦǽѧһѧҡϸѧоǿ
ԳɼർʦԼľĳԸѧҲ˵
ʦʱĪϲĳλѧҲġ

ԣʿľԹƽǺʵֵģʵÿж
߷ֵߡʵֵĿѧλõϸ񻯺͹ϳ
ûеʦвλһ㽨飬Ҳͬѧ

1. ԼĿģǷҪѧǷϲѧܷס
įԼԼǷʺѧһǷ񶨣ֱӴšӡ
ȥңйĴ󻷾еʦѧλӵġ

2. ȷо͵ʦҪѧУһҪµķҸ
ȨĵʦĵʦܿѧĺȦȡ󡱵
ӸҪ

3. 뵼ʦͨǰ˽⵼ʦѧ۵㣨㲻ͬϻ
ʦȻʦѧоɼҪģϧ
ѧȱ㣩ԼȤδо㣬ѧ⣬ȵȡö
͵ʦΣ˽㡣ʦϲ㣬һֱӸ㣬
Ҳ÷˼

(XYS20040722)

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ʵ

ߣе㷳

ڵͳݣ˵ĵ鷨ԺԮķԼ50ң
ȻڲμڹٿķѧϾͼҲ£
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δͳƷͳϵԴһ򵥵ġ
˵ĵ⣬ʵҪ֪ķģ
ѧرܽڿεѧԴ˾İϧͬѧûпܵĶ
ܽڵȻˣҵĶ㵱Ȼܼһʲ
ô̬ܽӦ˵һǸпоˣ
Ϊһ룡ʵڲٶ˵ʲôˣ
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(XYS20040722)

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ĳЩڲòȻƤ

ɱ

˿ϵòȻĽڲ޳Ԯʮߡ
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ˮƽѧΪʲôڳĿʱЩأһЩڲûʲôˮƽ
ȴΪǵҪ׸ѧЩε,УǸС
һ˵֪֮ûУԼѧҲǸ֮ͽ
ˮƽ˲ʫ,ηɷε٣Щ
Ϊȿӻţһ֪ѧоʱһڶԱ˵
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ˮƽȷʵЩⲢӰ챾˵ʮǱҸеѧĸ
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(XYS20040722)

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бѧԺ2002ҵ跭걱£ơ¼
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(XYS20040722)

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malon

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ͬ

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ҪһǺѵģӦѾˮƽĻʲô֤
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ҪΪ˫Ͽһ͵ķߣһ㡱߲ʸԣû
ߣִӺ˵ǽСʸߡǽСߡ𲻴󣬿
ȣ̫ϽҲ˵ԣͨóǾ
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ܱһ㻹ǲǸ˵μӱѧѧʿѧԿ
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˵һ䣬ûҪٰѷӳϰɣӰվͶ岢
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(XYS20040722)

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ѧ˾ڲͬ

(ѧʿ email: forcetower@hotmail.com)

ĳλѧ϶Աв֮гƪΪ֮Ƿ
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(XYS20040722)

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ٲĹ򣬺ùû



µкܶڸ쿼¼ۣо
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ʶҪ˵ﲻҪרҵҪȵȵȵȡ룬
Щ˹صһȥۣٸÿһѵ
˱ڼɱ˲һ֮ţмųġ

Ϊʵˮƽߵͣƽƽ
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޸ǰִоɹҪԼǡȻΪ
ԲܷӦˮƽ͸йزһȡ
ԣα˲ءΪ߿Ҳܷӳѧ
ǱɴѸ߿ҲȡȫΪԡȻ涨
ͷߣ͵ʹ͹ֽ
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ĵ磺ŵŻ

ߣҰYeats

ͣڣҪ쵼ŻඣС㲻ǰˡ

СԹڣƾɶ

ͣڣǾǲǣûһԹ

С棩С̫ëˣҲ쵼ʲô뷨

ʱ쵼ϣͷ߱С㲻ԽԽæС
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Ϳ쵼쵼ûһԷ

쵼һŭԹڣôģѧǹ۲Է

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»䡪̸̸ҵĿо

˼

ԴӳԺ˿ÿڱؿĿΪҲǸоģ
ѧܸעҲᡣ⼸쿴˸ʵ»Ŀһ
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ҰϴѧеѼȤ󣬴ѧʱһ
ɺȤͷŵʱʱѧѧȽձ飬ҵȤ
ȴܶ࣬кܶģȣΧȣȣʫȣȣȣȵȡ
Ҽеʱ仨ȤϡӣƵᷳͬѧ
ü䣢ҵԣ˺ܴһҵʱ䡣Χμ
ѧУúΡʫӴ½ִʫ赽̨ʫ裬̩ʫ̳
ͬҵʫĶ˴ʫ໥Ŀдʫһʼռǵôһ
Ǹ죬ǡ̩Ҷȹġÿһʫȴ
һ㡣ͬԼĶ˴ѧ飬ɵġ
ġѧҲ˺ּܶҴǺйصС˵
Լ˹򡷡

ѧҰȤҵȻҵͻķˡźҲǶĿƣ
Ѷ޷ɻءһ㲹ƵҶѧʱ
ʹŲȻõѧʿѧλֲμĴУʹѧҵķϡ
ҵĹؼôǣһȡӢļԣԺҲûҪ󡣷ҿ϶
ͨǿҲûʸˡ֮ΪҾܾμѧϰ
費ϸԱлʱв

꼶ϰѧٽķ䣬ĴҴҡұʵΪ
һСسǣĸûκιϵҶҵʫ˵ԽԽã
ҵΨһ·ҪлҵĴѧԱѯʱû
ҳɼбͻڿ˼ң˵жûʧŬ
ѧڲûгɹԼһߡ˵ǿе
꾭ʮĸ֪ʶһƬհסҲǼ鱾ƴŬ
£ˡҺһͬѧ׼СҪԼڿ
ʱСʱֻҪо󲿷ֱ͡ҰΪɼõģ
оľ˱ֻ͡ʣҺһҪԼŬ
ȥĩ೵

ԴоҿʼδйŬԶڸ߿ǰҵʵ
ǣŹβرӢƶϸĶƻÿ춼̿ൽ
һաһ鿼еͬѧŬһºܲǷݿ࣬
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ʦԣҲֻһ⡣ӡǵʱʦҵҵమ
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оҿʼҺʺоʰ˶רҵȤѧϰ
оһܴת䡣ܶ˺Ӧת䣬۴ӱ
ѧУҵƺһʼж˼ооʹ
ʰӦԽƻġо·һֱߵڡ

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ѡƿһʼͰоͻų⡣һӦ
ķߣرǶڿкͿһء

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ԽĹҲйسʶ̲ȫΪȱۺ֢
̲Ⱦ߹ֻܲȫɥʧ̶ԸȾ
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ѪҺ;͸Ϊˡ߻ཻʹעͷ
ĲѪѪֲҽԴԸȾʹ޹ߴҹ
ʡũǰЩѪеĲ淶һȴ԰̲У
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ΪԨ޴ǺεȲп˼䱯硣ʾȫÿ
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κһּҪȺ֧֡˿ڵļӡ
ֲܼѾʹڲ˵ΪԽԽʢ͡õ
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Ҳ˳ӦõȫǱԴܹ⿿ɹ
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ĺ֯ȻԾԺʢ㷺Ա
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Ϲ̲滮Ϊδ20йһнȫ
̲ĸСйڡԡϹ̲ŵ
ԡ֣ǩ֡ΪһйҲԼս
ȡþʤΪȫսʤ̲ĴӦеĹס

ʹȻһԶ²塣ȫ·
չ԰̲Ŀǰս̲Ҫֿѧ֮ɣٿ
ѧΪһ;֢űѪǻۣչֳϣԭҰ
ʱӢۡ׳ĶУйƼѾΪһ
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ÿһ˶ÿһ˵ķպΡл淢չһʷ
ͷ̲ؿй˵ǻۺ;ߵִԡš
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