                       ˿µϣ20040822գ

04.08.22, Ź̿գ󡰿¼ǡ
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Ƶԭ򡪡̥ϸоָԭ򡷺ФԾĲ

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һ    Ϊʹҹҽѧ̥ϸо淶
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ڰ ̥ϸо֪֪᳹ͬѡԭ
ǩ֪ͬ飬ߵ˽ 

ǰָ֪֪ͬѡָоԱӦʵǰ׼ȷ
ͨ׵ʵ֪йʵԤĿĺͿܲĺͷգ
ǵͬⲢǩ֪ͬ顣

ھ ̥ϸоλӦѧҽѧɻ
ѧйطо͹ԱɵίԱᣬְǶ̥ϸ
оѧѧԽۺ顢ѯල

ʮ  ̥ϸоλӦݱָԭƶλӦ
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ʮһ  ָԭɹԺѧܲšܲ
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ʮ  ָԭԷ֮ʩС

ָԭǷ 

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ģФԾ 

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ϸоָԭ򡷡Ǽ̣䲼ҽѧоָ
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ѡ̥̥֯ǿ֪֪᳹ͬѡԭ򣬱˽ԼҪ
ίԱȡЩҹֳֹԿ¡о淶̥ϸ
ȷӦġȷо룬ʹصоܹչҪ
壻ڹܶҶоصĹ취еĶѾⷽ
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Ҳȫۣһ̸̸ԼĿ 

ָԭ򡱵һʾģָԭĿΪ
ʹҹҽѧ̥ϸо淶֤ʹϵ
׼ҹع涨õغأٽ̥ϸоĽչ
ȻˣڸáָԭУӦʾǼҪʾ
ϵ׼򡱣ҽҹʵ˵ǼҪ˵
Ϊ淶ɣﵽָԭ򡱵ġָáǣ
ͳָԭ򡱣ӵʮһϵΪ淶ļϣû
漰ݣûһЩݣΪ淶
ɣˣ˵ĸоֻǡһȱںָġָ
ԭ򡱣һеΪ淶ļϡʵϣҪʹǶһָ
ԭȫ⣬ʹǵоܹһָԭԼ
ڴ˻ķڷؽһָԭ򣬲һָԭ淶Ӧо
бҪʵʽ總ʽʾӦΪ淶
ںɡ 

һҪǿǣָԭ򡱵ȷִСίԱĽ
һҪѧоԱѧҵĲ룬һ㣬
ѧָԭ򡷵ĵھ̥ϸоλӦ
ѧҽѧɻѧйطо͹ԱɵίԱᣬְ
Ƕ̥ϸоѧѧԽۺ顢ѯලû
õܺõĹ᳹ڸУίԱԱûᵽѧо
ԱҲû֡ѧоԱطĵλã
ίԱ˵ĸоƺһûѧоԱġίԱᡱҪ
֪ڡָԭ򡱵ƶУڡίԱᡱУû
СѧоԱԼǵôġָԭ
ĺƶЧִСίԱᡱõЧӣǺֵûɵģ
ܲʹ뵽Щ˵⡣ 

֮ۺʵ濼ǣѧҪĹ淶淶Ľִ
ҪȻѧߺѧߣѧоԱĹͬ룬
ҪѧĵںϡֻܽЧġίԱᡱƶõ
ָԭ򡱣Ҳܸõعִ᳹ġָԭ򡱣ʹѧ
ŽĹչ 

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

һѧ뱱ѧԺ粨ĸ

Ҧڣѧʿִѧѧרҵʿоʦ

 Ǳ״νbbsϷġڴ֮ǰһֱ
Լ£ԭԼ֪ⷽʶƶԼͺܱ
ѧϰ¼ҲҪǲ鿴żԼš

֪ڸʻͬѧѧѧԺʿδ¼ȡķ
Ѿϯйý壬Ż⡣һ¼󡢱
ѧԺȷʵ˺ܴĸӰ졣ǰϣĶǧ
ƪйһ¼ۣҲ뷢һ´˸ĳ嶯
ݣǱʵ뿴

һΪջ߲ոʻͬѧԼĲʿоϣ
ԼȫжڸʻͬѧѧˮƽԼǰĶ
жϵʸһʡңʿоԳԵĳɼֻ
һǷԻúѡʿоμӸԣΪǷһӦ
ñ¼ȡı׼ڸ֮УʦĿжϣƷɽνķ
ġǾԵġԣȫԾ¼ȡ߲¼ȡһ
λѡߡ

¼ѧԺȷʵдûϸִ
صġ򡱻ߡƶȡҲдΪѧԺԺ
Щƶȵִû㹻ӣԼڻشʻͬѧһЩ
ʱڶԲڼû˵ʵǣʻͬѧ
Լδ¼ȡĹԲ˻ɣҲпԭ

һ¼ӳιѡѧǰĲʿ
ʿоѡεƶ򾿾趨źһܴĿ
˵йѧ綼ͬٵ⣬ֻǱѧ߱
ѧѧԺ飬Ҳֻڵ顣ԣΪȦڵˣ
ÿһرЩʿоʦӦȥ˼˼
ǵΡֿ󡢱ѧԺ߿ڵġЦ̬
뷨ǼģҲǶйѧչΪεġ

ġΪѧѧˣҶڵһЩѧ۵
ĳƪģҶʼգʹ
ʶ2001֮ǰǳĶǳ𾴵ġԣ
ôڵ֣ҺʹġǵģֻҪ
ͻ᷸Ҳ⣬һ¼ҲȷʵһЩ
ǿԶӦöûκɱڵ˸

塢һЩºУҲһЩѼҵط
ѧɾԼйѧĹ׵֡ҺźҸ˶
ڵһЩ۵Ųͬ⣬ʼռᶨΪڶڵй
ѧķչо޴׵ġΣǶӦúһ㡣

 Ҧ
 2004821
 ڼִѧ 

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

ı绤ʡƷҾԿԱ֤

ľľ

¼зѧĵӱ绤ͷԡ

ǮȺ˵Ҳ˽ʵ顣˵Զ֪ͨ˼ң
ǲеģȻϳ򡣲ʶӡ󻹺á

λɲΪ²ϳҶĺӡ󲻻
ı䡱

ΪǮȺʲôѧĺ컰Ҳǡѧ
ȷʡ

ѧԺѧרҵ˵Ǻܺ
ѣƷҾԿԱ֤ʵ»ѡǳĺ
ΪġĽڻһתԹ̱ȷڲ
ϳĵط縴ʦ֮һǿٵûʸμ飬
ڵǷЧҲֵȶ˵С鱾ǳһ֡
Ĺ涨ݴơڲɷ˵Լڵʦж
ʵ»˵ǿжϽӰ졣Υ˹ƽԭ
ϵΪֵȶΪʲôձûߵĿû
Ϊʲô¼ȡʹ϶ڶ˲ŵƫãѡ
ҲΥ˹ƽԭҪ߱ǵһλġ

ʲôġǡǰĻĻ
šǡĻǰĻ𣿲ǷѧĻ
治ƽġ

һѧӽ־ģҲǰ¼󣬶ż
ƣƷû⡣

³ۣЩѧͷѧĸ˼άʽʾĲ⡣

һԣ˵ĳƷû⣬˻Ƽټĳʱ
мֵ壬һ˸񵣱ãֻĳ˱ɶȷ
ʵ֮ʱмֵ壬˸񵣱ͻ֮á
ѣһߣ˵ƭҲΪ϶ʱ
̧ƷҾԿԱ֤

ģô˵ʾ¶Լ
ѡƭڵΪˣƷˣʾ¶
ԼѡƭڵΪݺˣ

ģԵóۣƷû⣬
ԼѡƭڵΪƷ⣬
ֻӵ⡣

һˣƷʲôֵº󵣱ʹ
ڸβ֮Ʒ⣬·ͥ⣬
˻ͬȴҪҽԺ治ķѧ
͸Ӷ˱绤ǴİǴĺѲѽ

Ʒ⣬⣬ֻƷҲ⣬
ܶ϶ġţķѧͷѧ㣬绤ʦģ
ֻñ绤߸ù˭˭ùйߵķѧˮƽ

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

ѧ۹塱

BerkeleyWolf

ǧԣһ仰

ѧûѧƽޡ

Ǹѧ߶֪ѡ

һһӣӣ϶Ǹѧ⣬ʷѧ⣬ѧ
⣬ѧ⣬ȵȡƺø̾˵ɴ˿ɼʵѧƲ
ضǶάȵġ

1995 оŵѧʲûн
κδͳϵľѧоʲǸѧң֮
һԼѧѾѧ㷺Ӧˣþѧŵ
û˭ʲôСֵĵطڴţѧЩ˲Ҫԡά
ѧƴͳռء˭ҪѧƵġȨ
綨

Ĳף21ˣѧƽ˷Ľ죬ж
壿ʾˡ

һ֤û˰ӣ֪һ޵ķʸ


ѧ۹塱



Ҿɣǹʶֹʱڵضӡ֮
ΪׯӡңΡ

йƶȱǨİо1[1]һѧҵĸо
ࡣǴߵѧƳĶⱾ飬Ҳֹע
ѧ֮ŵڣ˵԰ѶԴľѧĶλǴпԶ
ѧ翴ѧƵоݡڹĸĸей
ѧơرǷѧѧ˵ⶼһʵм⡢飻
۲棬ҲûΪһԭĸЩƪ൱
ǣʡǵһЩϰ߿սⱾĳɾͺͲ㣬
һЩѧѾϸ˵ۣ[2]߶߶
˼ĵһΪе˵ѧ۹塱

һȷ70ѧоֳһǿҵƣ
ѧѧǷѧѧƶԾѧҵսеѧ
뾭ѧļ룬еѧƺ˾ѧ1992꣬˶
ŵѧ˵һŴﵽΪٵһ˶þ
ѧоഫͳѧ⣺ͥ˿ڡӵȣ
һ顰ѧء˾ѧоܻûгΪѧռ
 1993ŵѧŵ˹ִӺ۲潫ʷо
ʷеʶ̬뾭ѧƶоڷѧ򣬾˻ŵ
ѧ΢۾ѧԷѧʵӰ죬
ѧơǴͳͨ򣬻ǽƣ
ܷۻǳ򷨣˾ƶ˾ѧķ˹ϵ
ڷѧشӰ죬˹1973һֶļȫѧ
˾ѧعȻɹһ£ҲǵӽǺ
۵йأһɾѧѧѾ˴߷ԺԽĸԺ
͸ݷԺɾѧѴӴѧо˾ʵʹй
ѧҲ롣ڴѧڷաʢ顢˵Ư
ľѧɢĺʣʹĿѧ˼άʽճﶼԵı
׷áϢɱͽƺķģʽ֮һ
Ϊˣѧ۹һ˵ڰѧ籾ѧʿд
磬ԷɾѧӰ㡢Ϊɾѧĵ֮һ
Ŀ˹˾Ϊѧܲô࣬ҲӦôࡣ[3]˵Ȼ
Ҳܿڵйˡƺѧ۹һʵȻ
ڲͬ˵˵ǰ̾ǲҲǵ٩ҽ⳰

Ȼ˵ѧ۹ʱʲô˼˵һЩ
λΪѧҵ˴оо
һЩ˵ɾѧĸ·ѧ
ģͱ㷺ѧƣҿҪǰ
ǰǾͺ˵һ־ѧ۹

Կ˹Ϊһķ˹ǶԵѧشӰľѧң
ǣֺѱ綨Ϊһλѧңʹھѧ磬Ͳ
ѧҵѧԺ־ְڷѧԺһֱģ൱
Уԡ󻯡һѧĸҲʾûбҪ[4]
ˣǶȿӰġһѧɲʹŵ
ƪ䷢֮Ҳ˵Ǵͳϵľѧġ
ҵʡ۵ΪʲôҵᷢӹѧǶо
ļһѧ⣬֯⣻[5]ӷɵĽǶ
ȫһѧ⣨ɴ˿ɼʵѧƲϱضǶάȵģ
˹һƪġɱ⡷ȷڷѧ;ѧѧо
־ϣңǷѧ־֤ġ[6]⣬19761990䣬
ݡѧ֤֤˹ȫУ֮һǳԷ
־ǳԾѧ־[7]ֱӡ[8]ﵱȻҪ
Կ˹ѧлɣҲֶ֮ͨսΪѧѧơڡ
һλҪѧ߻˼ҫ桱˹ǵϰ˼ά
ЩĳѧϵģĳѧƵѧߵ֤ʡ
˹ʲôϵ顢ѧѵоԼһϵصģ
ŵйء

ңһǶȿƺ˵ѧƺҲڱʳ
Үˡ˹ϡ˶ŵ˹˻һ綨Щͬ˹
һ½綨ݶûɻûпܵģôƺ͸Ǿ
ѧ̾ˡ͵Ҳھѧܡ𡱵ĲۡҲڴ׷
ݲ۵ġԭءȷ˵۲ǾѧĴͳƷ
ӡͽ־Ϳ֪Ǹ֡1995о
ŵѧʲûнйκδͳϵľѧо
ң֪ʶѧϿκѧƣ֡ʱҲȻ
ĳֱʳʴΣա֪ʶ/ȨضΪĳˡĳѧ
ռǣ״ǲûѧҾѧ۹塱
ѧ۹塱򡰷ѧ۹塱Ҳûкܶྭѧҳڵľѧ
ײࡣ

ˣǾҪΪʲôǿԼ򵥻ش˵ѧоں
ȣˣѧšʵӲҵδˡ
ѧԺȾϵΪǮҵҵбϣҲߡȻ
ѧҵĲǸǮҵǡʫ⡱
Իش˵ǷԾѧΪϣϸѧѧͳ
ȻѧθкУǲáռءķʽ
ȡʤķʽάѧƴͳҪҪóŷĳɹѧ
ͳͨѧɹֱ߽ͨġ뿴ѧͬ
ǲпģѧоҲһֲƷҪѧߵѡ񡣵
Ȼ˵Ҳ֤Ǿѧ۹һ²δˡ
һʵĵѧƺѧӦһֿŵ̬һ³Ѹ
˵ġ󡱡

ңһ򲽣ҪʣǾΪʲôоҿ
˼оĲѧƱֻĳĳѧƵĴ
ͳУпܷ⣬ſҵоĽ·ʵе
⡣Ȼǰڵѧƻô綨ģȻÿ
ⶼͬʱжѧƵάȣȻû
֮һȻγɵ˼άΪʽܲɢ˵
ôʲô˵ĳЩӦĳѧƶռأˣֻҪ
һѧ߹ĵʵе⣬ôͲܣҲӦڴͳѧƱ
硰ضΪ֪ĺղܡһѧ
⣬ĳѧƵеĶ⣬
ôͲɥʧθУɥʧңҲɥʧѧΪ
˺¸ǸڡҲĵ£ѧ߲Ŵ
ԸͼҳԽֻҪĴѧߡ˼
ңǿӡӡͼʿ»˼ΤǶ
һȷѧƶλⲻΪǴΪѧ
ΪѧġˣҪ˼ѧɹѧƵ

Ҳ˷ѧƴͳҪԣҲŷеѧƷ
ࡣͳǿоĳ㣬ҹĿǰѧƵķչ֮Բ
ǡǡΪȱʵѧͳ[9]еѧϵΪһ
ʵƶҲκͼϳؽͿʵֵġǣΣ
ǲܽѧƻΪһġĺӦȻschemeֻҪع
ѧƵķչǿԿĿǰ֪ʶѧƶʷݱ䡢
ͶֹĲ[10]ƴʷݻкԣ֪ʶ
ۻʹУȷʵżȻ¼磬ĳҪѧоԽ
Լ˶ĶλȣײĲˣе֪ʶƲ
һռѧƵı߽Ľ綨ǿɱ䶯ģضͶ
չѧ໥͸չеѧ̨ʧ
Ŵǳеռѧʹѧ̨ʧˣʵϣ
ѧƵķչ潻滯ƣʹǾѧҲ⡣һ
УҲЩյġѧʧȥԺգҲһЩ۵ѧƱ
Ŀ߱ͺĿıøֻۡҪǹself-important
άȵ֮ɣѧչҵѧȤΪأ
ʲô˲ˡһ棬ҲѧӦһЩΪ˽Ǯ
ִ˲ƣļߡѧϰ

йĿǰһҪʷתʱڣⲻдо
дой⣬ҲͬǺ
ָƣһ֪⣬ʱǸ⡣ġѧѧƣ
Ȼǰ˵ľ飬ӦҲܳΪ綨йʵ֮ѧ
ʺоʥˣǵճз⣬⵼
£о⼸ɱػֲеѧơȨ綨
Ч֮ߵһѧ²֤֮ʵ
ѧ߶ڲ̶ͬϿԽԼѧƵĽޣѾǡң
㡱һѧᱳ£ѧѧ߽ѧƵĴͳ
ʵһġõӳйѧߵĶʵĹ
ѧģǵĽܼһЩʵ̫ȱѧ
۾ѧ򡣵Ȼѧҵоȡѧƴͳо
ΪĵصСǵоҲضǣѵ
Ϊڱѧ֮оһһȷϵ۲ûи
κѧߵоضȷıֻ֤ҪоǾһ
ϣڻǹͬѧ֪ʶͳ

ʵϣǰⱾ飬ҿͬʱ˷ѧġѧġ
ѧо漰ϣʹõķϣѾ
ߵѧλλԼڵǩƱʶΪ 
ѧҡλѧ˵ҵԶԶ˾
Ŀǰйѧߵķѧѧĺ;÷ѧģʹҿһЩ
зɡľߺΪã
ãģҿЩУγŹ
򣬹ıԼһлĳЩ磬ԷĹ
Ʊгγɹģάĺͳģ¢ҵڵľ
־δ¢ϵģģȵȣⶼǴͳķѧ
ûеģڴͳķѧġȻҲЩ
ձ壬ѧҲ޷ֱãǣ˵ܾ
壬̺ĳЩĳʶܾձ壬Щоо
̬Ⱥͷܾձ壻٣ҲһЩʷ
Ǩļ¼Լ¼ŵйѧߵ˼С

˹ɣλƽɵľѧ죨ڴˣϰ
ǩѧߣ˵⣩ʹѧһλ๤Ҳ
ӦֻܹشͳɨϰѣʹΪЧʵĹߡ[11]
ƤǶԵģһˣҲĳһѧơ
ֻоֳ߱˵̬ҲпܳԽѧƣԽ֡
ľѧ۹塱

19976³壬19971123ոĶڱε԰

[1]йƶȱǨİо1࣬Ϻ磬
1996ꡣ

[2]йѧۣ1997괺ļҳ234260
رʵ¡

[3]μRichard A. Posner,Ronald Coase and Methodology,in 
Overcoming Law, Harvard University Press, 1995.

[4]The New Institutional Economics,140 Journal of 
Institutional and Theoretical Economics (1984)231ҳûʲô
Ҫٶ˶ڴ³Ҹ󻯣ҼʹһҲȫ
뿴Coase, The Firm, the Market, and the Law: Essays on the 
Institutional Structure of ProductionUniversity of Chicago Press 
(1988),4ҳôΪʲôҪٶҵŬ׳ɱСߵ׳ɱ
ʱҵ͸ҪóأΪ˵Ⱥ˵
£ǶκƷĸߣԣ۸񶼻ᵼļ١ͬϣ
ǵĲҸΪʲôͨԼ
ƷľǵԴأ˹ط˵ܻӭھѧ
зѡǰһġ衣Duncan Black,in Coase, Essays on 
Economics and Economists (1994)תPosner, Overcoming Law,ͬǰ

[5]ѧҲдͳġΤѧһҪͳо
ƺ͸Ȩ֯

[6] йصʵ֤о뿴Fred R. Shapiro,The Most-Cited Law 
Review Articles Revisited,Chicago-Kent Law Review (1996);뿴
James E. Krier and Stewart J. Schwab,The Cathedral at Twenty-Five: 
Citation and Impression,Yale Law Journal (1997)ݲͬ
ݿʵ֤оУ˹ƪ1960꣨ʵ1961꣩ĵ֤
Ӱףңңȣڶġķ˹ɵ
·һ

[7] William M. Landes and Richard A. Posner,The Influence of 
Economics on Law: A Quantitative Study," 36 Journal of Law and 
Economics 385, 405 (1993) (6)תPosner, Overcoming Law,ͬǰ

[8]19861990䣬ѧ־Կ˹һĵ֤40
תPosner,ͬǰ

[9]μѧоĹ淶ͳ뱾й
ۣ19955ܵ5ڡ

[10]μ˹̹ѧ꣬1997ꡣ

[11] Richard A. Posner, The Problems of Jurisprudence, Harvard 
University Press, 1990, p. 438.
http: 
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tm20010810/zsl -2-jjxdgzy.htm&luntantitle=ѧ۹壿

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

, Ҫ 
 
ߣlang
 
ͬѧĸп "˴εĿҵȴģѧΪ
ʧʹҶԼ׷ѧĵ·ʼҡҿʼһ
ЩԼ羴Ķĵط", λʹҲܴĹ. 
 
, ̲԰ʵĲɷ, "󱱴òˣ㷢¼ȡ֪ͨ
飬?", ʻشһῼǵģϾԼŬĽӦϧ
ȻϿѧ裬Ҳѧ򡣴οǰ
ǰ󿴣ȱһѧǰӦþеĿݺ͹ػº
һԶƵƶԭǲεġڲûƶȣƶȣؼ
ִִУִСҲѧɡ̷ɵģɵľǹƽ"  
 
Ϊʲֵ, Ҫѧ汾, Ҫӱ, Ƕ˵һ?

ǳ˴, ҵȹƱҵĺ֪ϻһţ
ͬ־? ǰ, ? 㻹? 
 
õʦ, ˸طѵܽɶ? ܰɶ
˲? ˵īߺô? ܳȾ? Ҳһ
еŮ潵ĵʦ漸.

˵, ţֺ"ͬ־ġɵĽѧоĲʿѧλ"Ľ, 
ӹ"Ī⡢ŵķѧ˼" , ԭ·
ǰʱ, ǷţǺ,ʵήһ.
 
, Ҫ!

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

Уѧªͨʦ

С

ƽֹУª󡷣xys20040820)йУе͵ĳ
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2ѧ٣ѧ
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4ѧˮƽ£ְıְƣѧ˷Ϻ
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ʵڡУԺ(XYS20040816)ֹУ
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1.ɲμѧְʸ걨
2.ӽѧиλתλߣѧְӦ足᣻
3.ӵλתѧиλߣԭѧԱ2
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Щɺܾ߽ԡĿǰڵЩҪ
൱ѡϸЩªĲʹڸУγ
һѧȨײ㣨ԼΪѧ١ײ㣩˽ײҪԱͽ
һζְɣڴ˽ײڣٹ໤ҪƳֹϵײ൱ѡ
⣬йⳣǲûз棬Ƿáһĳ
ԳԽ֮ϻзǷƶȨȫɲաҪ
ƱƵ⣬Ѿ̫ʵҪʹ
ı

һƵγɱȻĺһƵĴйءҪ׷ʵǣЩ
ªĻʲôȫƱĸγɺȫ
󲿷˵ԾΪйأֻͷѵ˷˻ʹ岻
ȫɥʧǵĽкЩĿǱûڴ˵Ŀ֮
Сǲܰĸķĳһˣȫ½й˶Ҫ˼
ͬɴ¹оҪе¹˵ķ˼һͬйУªĴ
ڣҲȫƣйУнʦҪ˼Уκһ
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жԼ˼ηȨƣûоһ֪ʶ
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ǾУʣѧɳ˷У
ϺѧĻѧԺ챦ԺѧϺ
ѧĻѧԺĽʦҪ˼Ƿһ֪ʶӵ
ǷҪֳ󲿷ֵظΣĬֳ󡢽
ֳΣǷ񻹾ΪΣ

йУѧһձ󣬱ѧԺĳ˷
챦ãֻǼΪͨ͵ӡУѧܣҲԶԶ
ˣһ䱱˵ȥˡйôУô
УĽʦ֪ʶӣǾһ֪ʶӣһУʦ
ǶԱλѧܺͳǲǼӵظأ

ܲѧܲУйиУ֪ʶ
ӣȫʦӦöԱѧƱλѧչԼΡܶ
ѧܺκһֳϢκιϢĶɸΪӵĺ
սΣÿˡ

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

ǳҹѧо״



         ԴӸĸ￪ҹĿˮƽ˲СĽȡõĳɼȷʵ
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飬ǰĳձѧһŵֻǸ¹(Ȼ
ǿҵĺĵȿȡɷ)¿ѭǿѧҲǿѧҪ
嵽вţΪѧĿԱȿѧԺĿԱܶ࣬Ǿ
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2гɹһûʵķԾ嵽ѧǾǷڹ
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ҲûʲôгɹٻôǮȥô˾˷ѽˡ˿е
µĽǿԺΪ˸¡ûλáµ
¡ҹԿĿĹˮƽǱȽϵ͵ģҲϲǾ
ϵöֹʲôҲûеıżĲ
ˣǵĿѧûԼоĿȽȷԤ⣬Ҳ
ǵĿͶͶˣûдԤڵĳɹڹںЩѧҼΪ
˾ѵûпгɹ绤ܲͬŵ⣬Щѧҿ
ǵþ̸ˡҹйĲѲʲôܣСĿ
ĿĿСشĿѳ˳ԴĿش
ĿֱӼƻտܶʵϵ¹Աйؿ
ԱγͬˣĿѧоҲͱһЩ漯ŵԵݡ
֣޵Ŀоѱ˷ѣܵ𺦡ֹԱй
ԱγɵͬҲǲѧԵĸԴܹĿ;ѣǾ
ֱӰҹĿУӶƲͬѧ۵㡢켺

       ϽǱ˶ҹнһЩӡ󣬶벻һ¡Ӹ
˵ϣԼǴģϾԼйˡ

         ΪǻعҵҶԹڵʽ˽Ҫ΢һЩ˵
ҹʿѧоЩһĳЩ纮͹Ⱥ䡢
ɽѹõȡ˺ܺõĳɹȻϴ 

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ɣһѧ(¶ȡѹݶȵ)һʱ䣬Ȼ
ԭĳֽҪʵоûдѧ
ҩƷϹ¶κƿ˽εû׼ǵԻѧҩƷıԹ
ûʲô豸ﵽһ¶ȡѹѧ
вơ˵ʵ豸йѧԺʵойѧԺ
ػйѧԺݵػҵֵоѧһЩ
Щ豸ơ׶̫룬ûʲôرĳɹĿǰ
ҪڽѧɹһҪԭǹܹʵѵĿѧҺϡ
ȱ߽֪йѧԺݵػƽоԱͳоԱǰѵ
͵¹ѵڵ¹ѧѵڷʯƽʿ
ʯƽʿʹְЩʵѧڹʱĳɹع
ϴڼƣĿ롢õȿǾٲΨ裬Ҫ
ʲôɹ졣ʵ豸кϡпԱ
Է֡ԹʵоĻ˵ѧ(֥ӸYANBING WANG
GUOYING SHENGʢٵYINGWEI FEIīYUSHENG ZHAOŦԼBAOSHENG 
LIJIANZHONG ZHANGȵ )صҹִоıؾ֮·
ͬʱǱΪۣΪס⡣

         Ҫ۷оһۻѧ
̬ȵǱģҵҹѧⷽĻۺǱª
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һԭ㷢ʲôӰ¡йѧԺʵо
оԱһķӶѧоȡ˺ܺõоɹǷһ
ԭȷ淢չֵùע

         ǿҹʿѧ֡ʵʽйͳ
ϱҹûһλѧӵнǰ200ĺ
ĴѧԺϵĵλֵָǣֺ
ԡĻأҪǷӦгɹʮλձѧԼʮ
λ⻪˵ѧҽǰ200֤ݡɴ˿ɼҪΪҹ
ʽȷʵкܳ·Ҫߡ

        ľҲһ㡣

        ȣǲйص־ǵӰ(IF)зࣺIF>3
Ϊһ־ҪREVIEW OF GEOPHYSICS (RG)JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY (JP)
METEORITICSGEOCHIMICA et COSMOCHIMICA Actaȵȣ1<IF<3Ϊ־
ҪEARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS (EPSL)JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL 
RESEARCH(JGR) CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGYAMERICAN MINERALOGIST
CHEMICAL GEOLOGYȵȣ0.1<IF<1Ϊ־ҪCANADIAN MINERALOGIST
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCESйѧ(D)ȵȣIF<0.1Ϊ־
90%ϵҹԺĵ־ڴࡣֵǿڵ
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ԣ־зֻּΪ˱ڶԱȡ

        Ȼҹѧһ־ϵı(RGJPΪ
RGJPǿȡʤ)ΪֹǻûκRGϷ
κ£RGѴ˼ʮ(йѧԺʵоӡ˫ʿ)
JPϵıҪһЩ1991ڣϾѧXISHENG XU(2000)й
ѧԺɳعWM FAN(2000)йѧԺʵоWEI LIU(2000)
LING DING(2003)ֱԵһַ¡1991꣬JP42ƪ
ӵ2003100ƪÿ70ƪ㣬JPڹȥԼ13.5
ʱܹ´Լ1000ƪɴ˿ҹѧJPϵݳ˵
(4/1000)ϲڽһͻơڴˣҴһ£
ԵһJPϷ23ƪ£ȷʵֵúһ

       ţǿҹѧڶ־ϵı(EPSLΪ
еJGREPSLǿȡʤ)±ҹѧEPSL
ıִ2000ǰĽϲΪ2000ԺĽϺ(JPϵıһ£ֻ
һ)˼ԭĿǰǺ

EPSL		
                                й          й%
1991		223			0		 	0
1992		207			1			0.5%	
1993					0			
1994					1			
1995					1			
1996					2
1997					1
1998					4
1999					1
2000					7
2001					10
2002					13
2003		418			9			2%

         ҹѧҵĿгɹҪǷڲνϵ͵
ĵ־ϣҹѧҵֻдǿ

        Ҳ֪ҹרҵĿѧҵĿ״ԲҾҹе
λκжϡשרҵ˸͹ݣԱ
ҹнкλӶٽҹѧоļչ

(XYS20040822)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

ߵʥս

John Bice

The Secular Web

ԶһȽۿγ̴ӿ˹ݿѧ׼ȡĳɹǰڶ
ݺЪݽۡЩݵĿѧѧٵŬ
Ƿ˺ʮ־ע19998£˹ݽί
ԱͶƱڿ˹ݹѧУȡйؽ۵Ŀγ̡20012£ίԱ
ͶƱƷ˾ȫݸѧУָۿγ̡Ϊ
ǵᡢͷȻġȨʹ˲ٹ
ϵۡҪսŬǽϵۺֵؿõʹ˳
˵һ䣬ҸҴģЩýʦƷжȫ֧
߶Ȼսǵͷǵ
港䵽Ȼеԭˡ塱ǡ˵
ǵġˡִۣ߸ϲʹʽġ
塱һʣΪִѧ۸׹дΪִѧ
ݵĻʵͽƣ˹ĵȫ֪
ѧ˵ӵعۣ൱TͳעT
Ǹع˾֮һ1908굮1927ͣڼ
һǧȫ׼

ڱҽۣעۡӢΪIntelligent 
DesignдΪIDҽļдΪۡһ̵裬˵
μȲһѧֲۣκһڽ̶ϵ۵ĸһҽ
˵ͼ빫ѧУĿѧѧ٣ͬʱ𺦿ѧڽ̡

߽ǵŬܶǶϵۺ͵µάPhillip Johnson
һλ۵ͷ֧ߣߵϵΪϵ
һ룬ôڼеϵĵ¾ǽڻӰ֮ϡΪ
ѧ˵˾޴ĻϵҪԡһϵ۴ڵʹ
˴ڵռ¹ƲJohnsonϿ൱ȷģȴ֪
пܹҲȷѾĵжϣԼ
º;Լֵۡʵϣߵĵ¹淶Ѿ˻
ṩġٶûѱ߶̫ߡJohnsonͬʱҲʵ
ڽѧߺʹŽ[1]Ϊϵ֮еִ
пϵ۴˵ַǼ򵥵ʹ˽̡⣬ϵۿ԰
ҪĽ֡

Ȼߵ̬У۱㷺ܰǵĵ̺
ڵϵĻþΣմ֮Сʶʧȥ
·ȨԣΪҪǧټƵذƻ۵
ؼµĶҪνġѧۡͽ
½õΪȽսԣҵǣ֤ں
о˵˵Ϊƹ̷⣬ۼٰһֿѧۣ
Сرκεطȷἰϵۡʵֻһִ
Ƶ֤һ©ļ⣬ʮӢѧWilliam 
Paleyӵ֤ͨΪǾġƵ֤һ
ʽں̲żȻһֻɳ̲ϵı㽫
ϸ۲졣ע⵽ǸӵĽṹһϵͷۻĲɣ
ЩһΪһȷ񣻺ԣֻĿ
ĶġһװһλҲˡ
ԣǱó˵äĿȻ̲γһĿ
ĺרŻĸԵĶһһԾʽ
֤ĴھҪбĴڣôȻϸо
ᷢҪһϵ۵Ĵڡָ֤ิԲܳäĿ
Ȼ̣ĿĵרŻĸԣҪһߡ

˼룬Щµʱлͼṩ
һЩֱ֤ݡѧ(Lehigh University)ﻯѧMichael Behe
һʱлɻԭĸ(Irreducible Complexity)
ĳЩٱֽΪΪȴʹ̬ܵBeheرϲ
ʹõǲСҪòܹץסÿһǲȱ
ٵģԣǲɻԭظӡBeheϲʹϸëΪѧ
ӡȻʴѧ(Brown University)ѧKenneth MillerɫؽҴ
BeheϵĴ[2]Behe۾ݳǺ˵ģǶԿ
Ĵж˵ˡ˵BeheĹ۵㣬
ϲκһװþͱúôˡȻǲ
ġֻٵˡעʵһλﻯѧJohn 
McDonaldָBeheĲвǡɻԭظӡBeheĲ
ȥһõȻ̫ãܲĲСϸɼɻԭ
ĲСӢģhttp://udel.edu/~mcdonald/mousetrap.html
MillerָģԲõһȫõС
BeheĴֻ̬ٶЩĴǽΪ
̬ĹܣˣУ˵ʣ
ᾭԵرãı䣬Ӷɲͬµ¹ܡ

һ򵥵ʵǣոαѧµۡ
۵Ϊڶ࣬Ǳܰݵģһǻᵽرϲ
ġȣǿҵȱеϵۡ۵㡣ڿѧۺʱĿ
ǰ˵۹Ĵ߾ͻ۵ϵ۸ɵġ
⵱ȻһĽۣճǶԿѧ̬ȣ
Ѿһһεر֤Ǵġſѧ𲽵ػشԽԽȻ
⣬ϵ۱λһԽԽСĴɫΣ֤
ǵθڡΪԶҲָѧػشÿһ⣬
ϵԿбݵȱڿѧγнڡȱеϵۡѧ
ط硣̬ȣе˿ѧΣաҪһ֮
ȥѧأģһֵ⿨סˣѾ
ˡȻ漣ͷˡ⣬ȱеϵۡѧ˵Ҳ
˲ġϵ۽ЩǻȫȻƵ鸺
ϵ۵Ľɫءһѧų۵
ȫ֮ٺϸëйءǿ

ΣҲأǴǸ߼˵ȥѧ۵㡣Ǵ۵֧
ƣκζǲܻԭظӡǲɽݻ
ôƵ֤˼ǣϵ۱Ҳô˲
Ķڽ̵Ķ˵ϵȻһܻԭظӵʵڡ
ϤڽûֻΪϵǴĳָ򵥵ġǰ̬С
ġҺBehe ĲƣûƷʻԴϵ
ȥʹһõߡԣϵ۴㱾ղ
ɻԭԵĶ壬Ǵһߵ֤ݡ⻹ûꣿҿ
֧߻ʹڶѧ֤е͵ֶΣϵΪһ
ȤǣĿѧһһдҪ֤ݡ

1991ʾһϵ۴Լһǰ
ˡǼЩϵָ½ˣͻﵽ
87%ˣַֻʽ
ϵ۴ˡǵŵ̫еϵۣ
ţĿϵ۶ڿϡϺҪġ
ջһϵ۵ۣ˻ȷҪһ̫
еϵۡԴʥƬпϵ۵ȫܡȫ֪ȫ
ơסһ㣬ۻȫͷƵʲô
Ĺϵ۵Ľۡ

ᵽģPaley Ƶ֤нȻһֻ
ϵ۱ǰȼȥὫǴδ
ȷ˵ܲͨо֪һЩڱ飿Ȼ
ǲñԱȷĽۣǻǿԵóĳЩϺ
ۡ

PaleyıܿǿʿеֻƷָǶ
־ʱΪյ֡辭ۺϵĲԣǷô
ɱյװɣЩƺʲôóûС߲׼
ܶһʱת⣬ȫˡĿɵóۣ
úܡҲùЩıҪȻƾͷ
ĲϣǷѾĻôģҲԤܽһ
ĿͲǸñҲȫпܣĳδ֪ԭ
ôֲ׼׻ÿı֮ܶǿ˵
ͷǲְģǹı

Paleyֱƹ㵽Ȼȥѱ
ϵۣѱˣȻʲôϵ۵أʣ
һּ䲻ɡաϹɵģǵĻ
ʾظʹŴӣǴӵ͵͵н
ģŴǶģȫã˻ϰԺͽ
ṹƤǳݡä෽Ĺƴӣϥؽڣ±
DNAƴ󣩡ûбþáе嶼ᣬ
ʹ˥У˻ʧȥáԣٶǾͬһһ
Ƶ֤ݣǶϵۿεжϣ

ϵ۵жǶǸֱıжϡϵпܣ
п衣ƲǿͷоΪҲǺеġɷ
ϵŴ϶𣬴ҳպϵӦȻ
ÿһʵ϶Ǻκһִڽϵ۵Ķ㣵ġҲ
˿ҲǼ򵥵Ϊϵ۹⽫
Ϊӡҵǣ۵ϵ۵ԽԽڡϵ
ᱻӦΪ֢֢̲̿ȱݺͼ棨
ΪһżֹģȻеĲºȱݵĵӣֱ
ΡЩ߰ĶǱȷعƽȻ֮еġ⣬
ϵҲ磬УΪһЩ棬һЩͱ
ȥ鲢ǷǵɡϵȫԱƵֻ
棬ṩȡ֮֮ߵʳԴûϲࡣ
ϵ۲ϵ۽Ƴɱ벶ԲɱûԵľ
ᰤһеʹࡣ

ۻʹھڽдͳϵ
˵ġϵ۵ʴȥˣڽ̶Դ⡱ͼ֮
ϵİ취ԭ͡־ǻͽ
ǰǴȫתĳַпɲṩô
ʹȱݵһԶжߵļˡ

˿̷ԭһҪԭǣͼӦ
ϵ۵ȻӦͬ۲нڣ
ǡǡͻᷢ顣һ©ٳĻ߲пԵϵ۵Ĺ
ˣһ뵽ζʲôѧҾӦͬѧһеð

Ȼϵڿýһ
⡣һж˻شǡǷ޳ڹѧУУ
Ϊ۵ľѧ˵ߴ˵ϵĿԡ
ҵֱʵϲжˡҵǣǴеóڶ
ͬЧĽ֮һǼٶҪʹϵڣһߡ 
Ǳģûκɱǻеϵۡʵϣ
ͬпһȺˣǳ޵Ͽעָ
 (Barney)Сϲĵǣһ̶ֻƤɫ߿
ƥ˹˵ϵȫûлشԤ˭ǡ
֡ߡʵϣ۹Ĵ߹ִضߵһԡ
ҲϵۣҲǡ

ѧ˻ܵʧͬǺԵġۼȱֱ֤ݣ
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(XYS20040822)

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˿ʼб˵

1999722գ˿վwww.xys.org¶..ڷ
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