                      ˿µϣ20050125գ

05.01.25, ľηȻ֮磺ȻΪЩα
05.01.25, ӡζȡ塢ɸѡʵġ
05.01.25, Ľ2004ϵĽ
05.01.25, Ϻͨѧӹϵҽڵ̨ѧ
05.01.25, ݡŵ¡
05.01.25, xfsheliaʽ뵽ġ
05.01.25, wxоշѵĿ
05.01.25, nkjerryС֡ϿѧĽ̽ʲô
05.01.25, ߡ֮֡
05.01.25, 塶Ϊƾƽ

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ľηȻ֮磺ȻΪЩα
пԺԺʿѧҺ˼α

20050125˿Ƽ

ڣɶýԺʿѧߡʿͨѧ
ߵɵĴۣҪҪηȻԼηȻǲǷѧ
Ȼ˭ΪȻĹϵչһһּұۡĿǰ
ڽ֮СйѧԺԺʿѧҡѧ
ʵ¼

 λѴҺãǳ˽пԺԺʿ
ѧҡѧҺˡ֪ɶý
ԺʿѧߡʿͨѧߵɵĴۣҪ
ҪηȻԼηȻǲǷѧȻ˭Ϊô
ȻĹϵȵչһһֵļұۣ۵ߣпԺԺ
ʿαۣԺʿҴһ
к

  ǣҺá

  ǾͿżɽֱ⣬ǽı۵ģ
˿һֵĽɫ͵ͬʱҲ󲿷ֵ
Ĺ۵ѡͨ̽֡

  ǳӭ

  ʺͨ˵


  ܱǸʵʹͨûʲôͨϵŵ
ǿһЩ

 ѵҲǳңһ
ʼⳡӦǺУǽⳡۿʼӡĺХ
Х֮Ƕѿѧ˼ѧ˼Ϸ
ĩһƪ£ΪȻԼ̬ƪ£ƪҲ
˵ѾʾȻǰӦñǫ;η֮ڡ־
ܲɷõʱ򣬷ˡȻ˭Ϊ뾴ηȻĿ
һԼĿ

  ԼĿѾڻ־ϵǹˣȫظûбҪ
ҰѻĹ۵˵һ£˺ȻȻһϵΪԺ󣬾ͷ
˺ȻĹϵô˺ȻĹϵ໥ϵϣ˭Ϊ⣬Ҳ
˵˭Ϊģ˭ҪġΪǵȷһ
ʿΪԴȻΪñ˵ԻΪ̬Ϊ۵
ôһָԣҾΪԣΪǷԱ
ҲԱ̬˭ȵĵλ̬
ȫһµʱôûκεìܣʱᷢìܣ
˵޽ˮ⣬ˮʱ򣬾ͻᷢ⡣ΪˮҪû
һЩأҪƻһ̬ˮЧ棬зЧ棬з
Ч棬зѴЧȵȣһˣ޳Ϊ޳
Ϊж˵СĹ⣬˵ĺôڻĻ
޳ޣǻںôĻҾͲ޳ޣΪˮ޵Ķһ
ôڻΪĹ۵㡣

ҵȷĳЩѧң˵˵ļһ㣬äĿķ޽һ
ˮ⣬Ĺ۵Ϊ޵ĳԴȻΪԻ
ΪҾҪ۵ڡ

  ԺʿΪԷı֣ǵĹ۵
ʲôĹ۵أܷ򵥲һ£

  Ϊұ۵ĶԷĹ۵ӣҽҪĹ۵㡣˵
һ£һЩҪĹ۵㣬ҲȥˣΪеѾشˣ
Щд·ҵĹ۵㣬ʵЩ۵û˵Ҳ˼

ΪҪ磬һΪԴȻΪΪ
ķ磬˵ˮϽеķҵʿٳϿˮ
ΪΪˮⲻãʵӦÿһˮ˶٣
⣬ˮ1 ǧϵˮ⣬ȫʮϿ
ްӵȵȡҲˮרңҲĺǽϿ޵Ĳ
ɹǳɹģǰֹ۵㣬ΪĻ޳ɻҪ
ˮ⣬ΪǵԴȱǰĳЩ˵Ĺ۵ᷴˮ⣬Ϊ
Ȼǲܶġͱлķ磬ΪʲôԸμ
ۣһʺ͸ۣǶʵŵۣдƪ
ӣһ뾴ηȻ㹧ηĻͲЩ
ˡһȻĹϵҪΪΪҪ
Щط

 ԺʿڵһƪͷǳȷָĹ۵
һڴȻϵʱΪԻȻ̬Ϊ
۵㡣ڶ۵㾴ηȻڴȻǰΪΪ
۵㡣˵һ֮ìܵĽ㻹ҪҪηȻ
档۵Ϸײһʼܵ˺öʿԣе
֧ߣеǷߣǾһͷԺʿڻ־
ר֮¡ηȻǷѧȷ˵
˵ģྴηȻʵ˷ѧĻһغô
Ĺ۵ģ

  ʵΪĹ۵һЩ仯ǰ˺ȻĹϵ
ѴȻ˸񻯵Ȼ˵ĲһĻһȻʵ
ֹ۵㣬˸񻯵ģ˸񻯵Ĺ۵ǲ޳ɵģΪȻûʲô
־˼룬ںöೡ°ѴȻ˵˼룬ʶһЩ۵㡣

ȻΪ۵ԺһЩı䣬Ҳ֪ı䣬
Ǽٸı䣬Ҳˡ˼˵ԡηҪ
һЩµĽ͡ʲôʲôηйдͳ˵һ
Զ֮Ǻܱ׼ģһ˵ηηηʥ֮ԣη
ڹŴĺ׼ȷģҪһģһԾ
Զ֮ηǺµ˼Щ˼ǷǳġΪ
뾴ηȻһЩҪΪηͣ˵η
˼Ҳܹͬ

Ϊ˼ǺģҪȥ޸һҲδɣΪǶ
ִģؼԺǲˮˣҪȻ
ˣĽҾͲ޳ˣΪǣж

  һƪ˵պĻȻһжҪΪ
Կɱôͽ֪Ժʿ֪֪
֮ô졣仰ĵһƪµƶ

  ҾìܣҾԲԼҲʳߣ
Ҳֲ֪ҲЩ⽲ìܵġ˵Щ
䣬Ҫյȡůũ嵱УûеԴĹӦҪȡů
ԲԣҾ˵ûпɲԡóһﰮģ
ҪѰȻûпɲԡ˼ҲûС
ʱҲһЩʿҵĸ̣ҪѰƹ㵽
ģֲﲻлصģ
ǲԳԵģؼǿԵģʵǺα˵ȷǾ
ϸô죿Ϊ࣬۸ìܵģ
˵ǵʱܹͷǵĲȥսһ£սһ£
Ҿⷬ˵ĺܸߣʵûпɲԡ

 Ůʿ֮⣬£֧
һҲǱʾηȻǷѧһ۵ô͵ģη
Ȼѧ˼ǸģηȻǶԴȻԶ֮
ÿѧķʶȻӦÿѧԭú͸ȻǷѧ
ƶϳʲô̬Ⱥ͹۵أ

  ҴͬҪʶȻ͸Ȼ
ʶȻҪֶǿѧ˵ηȻǷѧ

  ı۽ΪͲΪпչ۱һЩ
еΪηȻ˵ȻηȻ˵
ǲΪ˵ô

  Ҹո˵йĺжֽͣǺһʷϵĴ
ͳǾжֽͣ͵һĽͣĽ;Ҹո
˵ģԶ֮ġη֮ԵġηǹŴһֱ
޸һδɣ㲻Ҫ޸ñˣҲų
Ȼ˼Ůʿùȥ֮Ҫų⣬ΪȻǲɸģ
Ӧþһ˼˵ĺͻᷢ⣬ҾЩϽ
Ҳ޳ɾηη˵ϣȡһΪη͵
Ϊˣȡһ㣬Ҿú

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ȻηȻԴУ˵ǿȥȻĻ϶Ǵ
ģ˫Ǵﵽʶģ˫ڲͬĹ۵£Դһ
ʲô̬ȡ

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ĽǲɽܵģĳЩ͵ģ˵ԭϲɽܣ
ĽͺѺʹͳĽͻޣڽ޲棬Ľ
׸ãȻ޳µĽͣ˵һЩǵĽ
ͲԣȫĽͲǻشʵ⡣

 ڽı۹Уи˲ˣܱ۵ķΧ
͸ɢˡһλ˵ѿѧ̳ҲǷѧҲһλѧ˵
ηȻǿѧʶȥѧ˵ӹ֮ǶȻȷ̬ȣ
ԴһЩʲôĿ۵ķչʲôķչأ

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¾ֵһƪ£ʵҵˣ˼˵
ԵĹ۵ǲǺ˵ĻǲǺӵĹ۵㣬ǲǷӵ
۵㣬ȻҲӵĹ۵㡣˵ǷԵĹ۵㲻Ǻ˵Ĺ
㣬ûЩ˼һЩĻ˵üµºͷ糵
ͷ糵սһ±ʾ¸ңǷ糵ǲҪսġǽ
ЩԣЩԶûʲôҲ
һЩѧѧ˽ϸһЩһЩǺ
ϸԿ½һ㣬ҲǺܴ飬˳شһҲͿˡ

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һЩش

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ҲԸ룬۲ʺ͸ʺ͸аʲ
ô̺ʲô̺ʲôۣ۵ĻǶ
ǶûҪЩ顣

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кôΪڴҲͬУһЩĻҲͨԺ
ȡùʶĻ֯ߵȷϣĻ
˵һ£֯߻˵ĻöķȥҪ
ķԲعչֻһĻüµºͷ糵
սüµûʵһֱ۵ʽعս
һ̵ģΪʲôûùعأ֯Ľǹ
սĻƽЧķʽ 

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Ĺߡƪ£ô

  ҾĻӦȷǴһ˺ܵ͵Ĺ۵㣬˵
ӵĹ۵ǵĹ۵ԭԵķ磬ɼʵԵķ磬һ
ĻӦĻʵϡ棬ΪҸĳЩ˵Ļ
߶۹˵ᵽڣҾ͸۹ᵽĶ
ԭҾûġ½˺Ͷǲһģ
˵ȻֶܹԵģܳԵģûмֵġ
ȻмֵģѾ˺ͶĲ𣬵Ҫ˵Ĺᵽ
ϣᵽĻȥûмֵ˵ļֵ
ϰĶѧ

һȷ˵ģȻĸף
ΪԼĸֻй߼ֵǶĸ׵裬Ȼֻҵ迴
ǹߣȻ衣˺ʹȻĹϵǲĸ׺ͶӵĹ
ϵһϣͲǡΪʲô˵ĸ׸߶Ȱӣ
ôΪʲôᷢХȻĸ׵ĻΪʲôȻԶ˱Ű
һХԴЩطɼѧңԼ߼ϲǡ
ոս˺ͻ⣬Ϊ˺һҪ˵Ĺ۵
ķȥְ˺ĹϵᵽȻȥЩì
ģҾĻӦӿѧϽһϡ

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֪ڹ⣬ڻгҵۣеĻͽ񸸣ʵ
̻ʣôХΪʲôϵ۶˲ʴȣХô
ˣЩ˲˵Ƕˣ˵õӦЩǺӣ˵ϵ
ʴȵģΪʲôôʴȣڻûлشҲûлش
Ĺ۵Ҳѻش⣬ȻȻǵĸףΪʲô
ĸ׶˲ʴȡ

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̸

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ûɵġǲҪԼʲôôñķʽ
ԣҲܾĿʱҲҵݸ潻̸
Ǽӽ̸ҲԣҾֵۣ˵Ҹո
Ȼܲҵ

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ڲڣڣѵĹ۵㡣

󲿷ֵЩ㣣Ҳ飬
һЩ飬8445˲μӵ顣ǵѡıȽϼ򵥣
ģҪҪηȻĹ۵ǣһ뾴ηȻ
4411Ʊ˶ͶһƱռ52.18%ڶ۵辴ηȻ
Ʊ3677ռı43.50%Դ˳ӹ֮3.76%Ʊ 317Ʊ
ĸûʲô۵ˣֻ48Ʊ0.57%Էֳɣ
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뾴ηȻͶƱǳ뾴ηȻʤһ
ǲǾøûվߣ

 ؼվһߣҾҪôѹע
⡣˵һ޷ηȻΪ൱žηȻ
ܶ޳뾴ηȻҾͲˣĵұȽ
⣬뾴ηȻ43%࣬һǳ
СˣΪΪʲôʷһ涼žηģ
ŲηʷϾģҷǳ˵ǿӾ硶
ۡһж棬ϸúζˣǾηȻ
Ĵ˸Ӧѧ˵ΪһطʧˣŭˣҪ
ĻܶģҪսġ˼ҲԿ
ʵʵУžηǿܽ϶һ㣬һǡ
ҪͨһЩۣͨһЩԸı䣬ΪʲôΪǽбȽϴ
Ȼ

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ѵĹ۵㡣ѺܶĹ۵˵ģܶ඼ģûԵƫ
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ѣȥҧĽֵǷηȻʵûж塣

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ȻʶĻϸȻڸȻĻҲǵʶ
ǶڴȻʶǺܳ죬ҪʶҸղŽϿˮ޵
ɹܽ˾飬ˮͱȽϺˣҪʶȻҲ
ҪȻڸȻУԼȻʶΪһ
Ƿǳȷġ

ѣϵΪ϶ûģǴ
ԣ˲еһ֣ƾʲôΪԺĻ
ӻ

 λҪηȻǡˡ⻹û
йܺãȻ˵˶ꡰΪ˵Ⲣûнá˵
⻹ûнãôҪȥעʲô⣬ʲôȵȣ
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˿Ȯô죬ɱٲ˶Դǵһ
ǵĲ˸ԺܺõάԺܺõƣӡ

˵˵Уɱһɱɱ٣ȻĿΪ˱Χ
ļǲȡֹеİ취ɱ˶Դǵİ취Ͻ
˺ͶǲһΪʲôһԴǵȥԴΪÿһ
ԸҪ룬Ҫ˿Ԥٳɱ
ôΪԴȻΪԶΪĹ۵Ƿǳ
ʵʣҲģǱϹעעʵ
˶˵ĹػȥĻôȥأ
Ǿöﱣߣ̫һαǽ٣α
ƣ飬Ҫ˵ôô

ϿһλǴָͯͷɱˣΪǼ
Ҳ֪ͯʱɱϣɱģΪͯУ
ΪǼҾͿʲô񡣷ʰô
㶫İǷĺģλ԰ôΪܣ
ûôܹ˵˾ͲˡΪֹ
ź˱⻹û̫áҿʵһ㣬Ϊ
Ҫ˵ôĻеĴȻʲô飬˶ҪΪ
 

  ǿܲܽͨԪĵ绰ǳȥˣ
绰ûнͨͨŮʿĵ绰

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죬Ǹͨ绰ȡϵһĹ۵㡣
һ£ΪⳡУԺʿĹ۵ķҪ

 ҪΪӦþηȻǶȻη
֪ǾǹȥΪԸȻȻʵ
ֻǴȻһ֡ԺʿΪηȻǷѧҾÿѧ
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ǰѿѧôػ˵ôɷĻҲûǽĽ
ķΪӦȻӦȥȻ

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˵Ĺ۵ûķأ

 ԣһˣȻҪΪˣ
ͬ⾴ηȻģ˵Ϊˣ˵ʵںǰͷһںţ
СȻǱԼΪģҾһ򵥵
ӣ㰮ңΪ㰮Լ㰮˾Ϊ㰮Լ
ҾðǵĹңҾǵĹҲңкܶĳ
ԱҵΪҵ˻ĺܶļֵΪʲôҪĨɷ
ļֵΪԼˣ

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ʱֵģ˼Ҳͬ۵㡣Ϊ֪ϣ
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ʱϻҪˣŮʿԳ˵ϻȡʲô̬ȣ

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ߣϵĴ֮ǿ˺ʹȻжԿһ档

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ǲ˽ǲǲԶͷչĿ⣿

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Ϊ˺ܶⶼûнҸղŽˣΪʲôũҪ
Ϊûյģú˲ȥֻп͹ȥڳ
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ΪܻȹעˣȺиֵȹעǴ
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 ΪʲôҪηǱСǸȻѧģ֪
ж˵ķΧжСڴȻǷǳСģΪʲô
ҪȥԴҪѵСҪη۵
ǹϵ⣬ڴȻǰΪΪǾԶ֮
ȻҪҪһ⣬ܺô죿ʵΪʲô
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ΪȻΪҲǣжոҽѾˣڷǵ
ͲܾηڰϣǴɱϣ԰ϣ
㶫̸̸ǰʲô̬ȣ࣬Ϊּ˻
ıߣǵ۹۵ܻ

ѣϵ˼óʵʵжΪǾηɶã
óʵжȥֹǵ滷ڶ񻯣ĸһ
Щ

  ˵һ㻰ɡ

 ȫͬ⣬ôʹ滷øãΪǳҪ
ѧΪֻпѧſ԰ȻĹʶоȻɣ
ȻȻΪȻɶŸǲеģҾ
Ͻ˵ηĻ̸ЩˡԸոλѵ
Ǻ޳ɵģҲ˵ʶȻȻǿѧǿ˵
ǿ˾ÿԲҪѧͿʶȻȻΪ
ģǺ˵Ҳ˵ڴ˺ȻĹϵ棬Ϊѧ
˵˵òһ㣬ĳЩ˻ߣֱǺ˵

  ܽᷢ

 ԣ˼˵ı־֮һŮʿ
ŭ޽ˮվɲԷԣۣԷԣŮ
ʿԵһֻܷǧȵ磬ѵĵλˣԵ˵ֻ
ǧȵһ¾ͿˣĻŮʿں˵ѧ
˺ȻĹϵ˺ȻĹϵҷԵһЩ


  ΪʱĹϵǽıԶԶûнΪⳡ
ۣ϶ֻϼȥǻѺĸʿ̽
⣬ǵıȸһ䣬˵Ǻ˼ġһ
ôα۵ġ

ѣյĽΣ۵Ĺڻ˼ѧ
ߣЩĵĻҪǿϰٱҲǴҵĹͬ뷨

  ҷǳͬѵĹ۵㣬Ҳϣһμαʱ
иѲҲһθ㷺һۺ֣̽ʱ
ҲϣԺʿܹٴμα۵ֹ̽Уٴ
쵽˽лл

  лл 

(XYS20050125)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

                   ζȡ塢ɸѡʵ

                            ӡ

    ҡй걨(XYS20050120)һģ
̳˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵԣ
˵ԺҪϸѵҡд˼άʽΡ򵥶֡ȱ
ɺͿ̬ȡȴûʱҲûȤȥûȤ
ѧרҵ⣬ȻԳǡһ㹻ϸѧ
ѧĶߡܹҵӲˡ䡣һ
ѧγ̵ѧʿѧŶ̸ϣͿģ
ôҸоôãҪұ˭רҵ˿վڻѧô
ܹעȫô໪ѧڶҵ£еĻҷǳͲ
ЦҸѧϺ˵˵ðרŻСֵ
һѧѧʿѵңοϡĻô
ҵҶԵǶҷµķ޷й˽ߣ
ֵԴʵϣһʼй걨Ա
롰֮󵼶ߣװ׵ö֪ǡ
۲ŵĻҸ

    ̸̸ֻ˭ڡȡ塢ɸѡʵһ˵һ
ᡰȡ塢ɸѡʵһ˵ûж⣬ͦңû
ĵ¹ˣ˵һˡȡ塢ɸѡʵ˵٣
ƷƷ⡣ܹ֤һĳƪ٣ô
ҲƲǾͿԻǷ١ڷ֤
顰ȡ塢ɸѡʵȻǱš⡱ģĿΪöԺ
ٶҵʱۣҪš

    ֻӡµԭá

    һƪУ˼ǣһܾϾ
ѧоѦԪָתһֲȾΧֲ
ȾΪͨҰԵּĻݡת
(transgene escape)תͨɻӴ鵼Ļ
Ư(gene flow)ʵֵġͨƯƣת뵽ķת
Ʒ֡ҰԵ(Ӳ)
ǼѦԪڵĻѦȻȷʸ񱻳Ϊоת
̬ȫרҡ

    ƪԭǣ

һܾϾѧоѦԪָתһ
ֲȾΧֲȾΪͨҰԵּ
Ļݡת(transgene escape)
תͨɻӴ鵼ĻƯ(gene flow)ʵ
ġͨƯƣת뵽ķתƷ֡ҰԵ(Ӳ
)

    ԡתݡĽһΣҲţɼǼ߶ѦԪĻ
ע͡齫λΪһΣΪѦԪĻڡ
ȡ塢ɸѡʵĹϵҲ֪ǲѦԪڵĻΪʲô
أΪõѦԪĻУСһʣǶ
gene flow׼ȷġרҵķ롣ѦԪȻ֪gene flowרҵ
ͲͻȻָĳɲ׼ȷרҵġƯơᵽ
Ươָgenetic driftgene flow
ٵĸѧԿѧо¬ٽڵ£ԡת
ݡĽʹǴﳭģֻ˵׼ȷˡ¬ٽѧ
ũѧģŴѧδϤ

    ѦԪõϾѧϵʿѧλĴʿѧϵĲʿ
ҲΪתϱҸСѦԪɫƽ֯Ŀѧ
ʣɫƽ֯ľѸеоҲΪרҡ
ڻûзֹѧרȥɫƽ֯Ŀѧʡ
ר˭Ը֯ϹϵҶѦԪαרֻ
ܱʾ

    Цǣƾʲô϶Ҷԡˮƽתơһ֪أ
ֺγΪ̸ۡ󱻷ֺѧҺͻѧ
˵תδ֪ķ--ӵ֪!̸ת
ʱô˵˵ڡ¡͡ζԴתвʣ
֪ǿתȻʱд˵ˣ

    ڡζԴתһûᵽˮƽתơ
ᵽ

    ʵϣڲ£ֵĻתȻǻᷢģת
ӽһҲǡԴȻģ¡˵޵
ʱ߶ǲȻġһл˵Ļǻת
Ӳݷķոʲô

    ǰȻһ֪ŻڵһƪҵУ
ԡҲѧݣ仰ָǽƱ磬ƣƯƵ
ָתͨ۴(ڷֲۣȻֳΪԴ
ֻͬڣʵָת롮ֻͬ֡
ҰֲͳƷ֣ܷ֮ȻӽƮģ
ȾƷֿ֣ܺһ̵ĻֲȻֳ
Ϊת֪ͬǻתԶԵӲ
ˮƽתƣԣȻŴ¼У׷
飬Ͳȶ̬ˣѧĳʶ
ĸϵͳԼǲȶġŴģ
̾Ǻ£ѧȻ֪ļ˵͸

    ɴ˿ɼ鲻֪ˮƽתơһݡѧ
ĳʶڣ˵ˡˮƽתơ
ݴ˼һҲ̸ˮƽתơˡԡˮƽ
תơĽܣͿ֪񲹵Ǻεȴæ˵ˮƽתơһ
ԭ֮䣬˴˿ͨתӺϺתС˵
ΣʱȾתôѸ١
ĻҲͲڽűˡЦϸת
ӺϺתЩΪѱ塢ʮ꣬Ŵ̾ǽ
Щ֮ϵģǡڽű֡תϣǵĵ
΢֮ˮƽתơ

    ԼϤЦɳܣƫҪӣҺܲ
ʵͿɳˡ˵ҪҵġҪ
ˣҪб׼һˡ
ԼоģڱҾʹԼᱻ
ȻҵĹ֮

    پһ顰ɸѡʵӡ˵ҵ༭ʱҲ
Ӹ׫壬ڻӭ߹עġһáר߶仰
Ϊҿרǽ롣ﱻɸѡʵǣûΪ
й걨׫д£ڿר޹ء



:  	  :  	2005-01-25 13:50
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵһ
: 	 ⼸ϸ塢ң²ʲôʼܡȼ˵˵
ɣ˼ΪˣҵѾˣ
н֮ƣǺǣҪ˵öԣҲںı﷽ʽ--Ҳ
ϰǲ붷״̬޷չ֪ۡҵĻӦ
ؿ˿ֻҪͺá
ʺһºӵס˺ӵԭĺӵ𣿺ܸ̳㣬㻹
عС:)
ת󶹵ɫͣҸΪ˾ͳ԰ɣҲԣôСĻ
Ҵû˵תһԳԡ
תʳƷİȫеĿѧӦǡ޷ۡ
ûоĶҶðյġҸʵһϲðߡӦ
ʵȫؽգرǲɿصķգ߾ߺߡ
ΪЩеתʳƷǰȫɿģеҲǿ
صģҿרҵʾʵĳЩգûо
̸οƣ
ЦôôƺΪѧԽߡԽ࣬ûӵ˲ѧߵ
ж϶Դ
ڱѧ4ѧ΢ѧרҵҵʱƼΪϵо
ûϣѵʦͬѧˣⲻ˵ʲôֻ˵ҿл
ѧϰоһЩѧ⡣ûѧҲһû⡢
ѧѧߣҲһ͸ǿ
ӵĲʿѧֻ˵ϰѧоôû
顣ѧоڷֵԽԽϸˣתﰲȫоĿ
һңҺðݶģĻ̡ʹ
йؿ⣬ҲΪͱʹ𰸣Ϊתﰲȫ
棬ϻûȫ𰸡
ԲʿȻҪһЩģҵֻۣҪϸԭģԭж
¾ˣ벻Ҫϲʿ⻷ҶԼġ
ʲôʱתﰲȫоרԾӹأֻ桢͹۵һ
ЩѼͷת򷴶ߺ֧˫ģĵҲӢĵ
ֵҲϵüӢģϵҲµģרҵ
ֵһ֮ܿҵѧڵͬѧʦ̣
ҲרңûרҵİƫûҪάӣش
˭ĶŪˣϾǣ˭ʲôڣϴ--һ
ԼͷȥЩҵɫƽӵǴģרҵĿѧ
ϣҲΪҧֵֻо֤ݣѧ
ƷйصϣҿؾҸ--һԱȽϼȶ
뷽ӲͬǣҲΪɫƽһı֯Ǹ
Ẉ̂λجΣûϸۣɫƽ
й֯תˮƹĲӣвԵרҵ֤ݣ
ħ
ʵ˵Һͷӹתȫۣרҵ棬Ҳгʶ
ݡĿǰΪֹ˫׳רҵϲ࣬ʽҲá
ҵеķרҵ֣ǸԵԭĿ
ʵжϡԺʱһһָƪУ£
ҪתĻ򡷡οתй걨
ȡ塱ԭ⡱ĵطȻ롣
д˼άʽΡ򵥶֡ȱɺͿ̬ȣпգ
Ҳϸ
˵ʵĺæֲϣרҵʿ𾴶ʿ
ǮҲ־Ըߡ
Ҽ򵥽һ·ƪᵽǼרҵ֤ݣЩȥ
ˣױ󵼡

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:07
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵ
: 	 1.ӣʹѧҲ϶ûѧã
רԾӻŪС磬˵תͨɻ
鵼ĻƯ(gene flow)ʵֵġͨƯƣת뵽
ķתƷ֡ҰԵ(Ӳ)ר˵ʵ
仰Ǵӡ̲׫дһƪٳıй
ҰתȾգģǡ˵ǡר˵
Ŵѧרң͸֪gene flowרҵǡʲ
ôƯơdriftƯƣҲΪƯ䣩ǵת
ݷָӽµĻҲָԲΪ
嵼µĿֵˮƽתƣhorizontal gene transferǽʮ
ѧעŴԴһ֪Ϊ̸ۣ
˼ԡѧġԾӣʲôѧĲ

˵ǶġƪУ˼ǣһܾϾ
ѧоѦԪָתһֲȾΧ
ֲȾΪͨҰԵּĻݡ
ת(transgene escape)תͨɻӴ
ĻƯ(gene flow)ʵֵġͨƯƣת뵽ķ
תƷ֡ҰԵ(Ӳ)
ǼѦԪڵĻѦȻȷʸ񱻳Ϊоת
̬ȫרҡ
ƪûдûһһֺ˲飬Ѧڵ
ԼϹģ߲ɷ˶λʵоרдĶڵ
ǰϵķóٳ8־͸Ĩˣ
ģλгֿѧݣҿ˸רҵϵ֤
֪һԴܽܣһѧʿ
뷨÷gene flowһ
½ѧҲáƯơ򡰻Ưָʣ
ͬ˼˿һ£ڹڵйСƯơ
Ư÷ȱȽǣ־һ
̬̽صʵҡѧԿѧо¬
ٽڵġȫתݼ̬о̬У
ԡ־2003112ڣдתݣtransgene 
escapeָԴתͨȻӽ콻뵽ķתƷֻ
ҰԵ֣ӲࣩͨתɻӴ
鵼ĻƯƣgene flowʵֵġ-֮ĻƯƽת
תݣ-ҰԵ֮ĻƯƻת
ҰֵݡתҰԵֵȻתĲϻؽ
ҲԴתɢ-֮ĻƯƻɷת
Ʒֵġ ӡӶӰתƷֵĴȣһӰӵ
óףġ л ɫƷתĻӴǾԲ
ġתҰԵ֣ӲࣩȻӽм
ֿԽһҰԵֻؽ루introgressionת
ɢҰԵֵȺн²Ԥ̬
ҹųһģλֹ͹ۡԭ
ȡۣ֮ƫƫϵ
ĵǰõѦԪĻͬĲͨ
һͣȷָתɢ²Ԥ̬ת
ƹ㽫Ŀǰ޷Ƶķ֮һλҲйλר
˵˵ģ20031ںٰġ תҰԵݼ
ʴᡣôƼô󡢰Ӣ¹
˹йӡȵ30 ҵ200λﰲȫо֪רҡѧ
ߡ
ڡοתУдת)еķԿƣ
ǲǲɳܣתԴͳνȾʹ
ˣڴͳԭмжһûʹŴ
ı䣬ʲôѡһյĴ󽫷Ȱ
רҵжϰɣũͲˡˡסˮС
տ͸߲ԼܡݺֲҰԵнϽ
ԵϵЩֲеԴתͨȻӽͻƯƶݵǳ
ҪģرҰԵ־йֲͬת
ҰȺĿԸˣתݿܵµ̬Ӧü
ǿоȣתҰԵݼ̬о
Ӧ߶ӡ
ڲͬת״ҰԵ̬ʺ϶ȵĸı䲻ڶ̶̼ʵ
ֵģҪһʱڲֳָܱı䡣ͬʱͨ
ֵ̬о֣ĳһһ൱ġ ͺ
ʱڣ˱ʱͿռĸתݵ̬Ŀ
ǰԡ۲оԶ̬Ӧýʵ͵
ͽ̬ʵģתݿܴ̬гڵģ
¬١ȫתݼ̬о̬
㿴оԽԽСġ
Ǹgene drift,ҿ̨ΪƯСƯ䡱ģ
ƺͳһ뷨˼ָȺڵĳЩλһ
ֳʧĻ֮һתﰲȫʱ
õgene flowҲһֻƣӢ
ʵ͹÷gene flow,ѦԪ¬ٽڵר
ᵽġƯơĺ壬ָgeneֻͬԵеһִ
ʼĻֱתƣֳͨΪתƵУgene flow,
˴ֱתƺˮƽתƣhorizontal gene transfer--ˮƽת
ĵֳͨΪУַܿ

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:08
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵ
: 	˵ǵתӲݷָ
ӽµĻҲָԲΪ嵼µĿֵˮƽת
ƣhorizontal gene transferǽʮѧע
Դһ֪Ϊ̸ۣ˼ԡѧġ
ӣʲôѧĲ
Цǣƾʲô϶Ҷԡˮƽתơһ֪أֺγΪ
̸ۡȿ껰̳ӵԭģ˵һ飬ת
ͨǽԶԵԴΪصĳһ壬ʹȻµԭ
ֲܾе״--罫ƽ˾һֶ׻ˮʹ
ˮϸһףֱ罫ȵصĻתţʹţ
вȵءȻŴ¼У׷飬
Ͳȶ̬ˣѧĳʶΪʲô
׷ȥҲǺ˼Ŀѧ⡣ҵ˵Զ;Բ£
ԭҲ˱ĳЩĸȾתƴ
ʵ--ĸϵͳԼǲȶġ
Ŵģ̾Ǻ¡
緽ԣˮƽתǽűֵʼϸ֮
ֵģ˷ϸļ׳֮ƺҲܷתƣ
δõȫ֤ʵǻɹֲϵ΢ֲ䡢ͳ
Ĺϸ䣬ҲܻᷢˮƽתơˮƽתƣҵĶ
⣬Ҫ԰գ
һĿǰҪĳֹϵ΢֮䣬ĳЩ΢
Ӱϴ(뿴һ壺ˮƽת(Horizontal gene transfer, or 
lateral gene transfer)֮ǷϵңԶ֮ԻŴ
ʵһԭ֮䣬˴˿ͨתӺϺת
СתƷֻӲݼ䷢ĻԣĿǰרҪ
϶̸ĻǴֱתƷʽgene flow).
ΣͨĴֱתƴΪϡУʱ
ȾתôѸ--ĻҲͲڽ
űˣֵ̬ҲûȶˣϸҲȶ
̬ʵķƺͺδоеĿ벡ϸȾ
ƣ
󱻷ֺѧҺͻѧ˵תδ֪
ķ--ӵ֪!̸תʱô˵˵
¡͡ζԴתвʣ֪ǿת
Ȼʱд˵ˣ
зתߵĵЯתĶֲΪЯ
תˮƽתƸ΢Ȼͨ΢ﴫ
֣΢֮仹ϣµı˿ܴĸӵ
о𣿸г˵ûʲôˡûо
վͲ
ˮƽתƣҾԼʶܲʱ׼ͷԣӭ
ԽңرֻתƶתﰲȫӰ췽棬
ʲô²ϣӭҹ--ʹӦˮƽ
ߣӦҲҷ㡣
˳˵˵ǸӢתʳƷȫʵ顣ʵˮƽ
תƿеϵ

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:09
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵģ
: 	2.ڡοתдʵϣǲǻ
רңҪΪҲڱԼĿǵ
ѧĴͲѣֻҪöרҵ׾͹ˡȻ
ģȻûжЩġᵽ2002Ӣ
תʳƷȫĵһʵ---12־Ըߺ7г
᳦־Ըߣʳúת󶹵ĺţ̱ʳƷʾ
־ԸڣмСĳϸ˴ת򡣡Ǻܲ׼
ȷԵģܿǴӷתϳġʵĽǣڽ
ųķУҲκת󶹵DNAȫˣǵ
ϸҲת󶹵DNAڽ᳦гųķУ37
ת󶹵DNA73˵ĳϸڷת
󶹵DNAңЩ˷ͨ󶹣ҲйзͬĴ
 DNAתDNA⡣ʵֻǱڷǳر
᳦гкСһʳDNAпܱϸա
ԴDNAʵ鲢û˵תʳƷκ»к


ԼȷԽԳΪѧĴͲϣǿɵġʲô
ѧ硱ߺҪҪνѧ硱أ
ڿѧʲôʱʼپԴˣ仰ԭ
пѧҶתȫвͬĹ۵㣬ֻǷӳ֮Ϊ˲
мһᡣ
˵ҵǴӡתϡģת򡱡
ѧô죬ǺǣǴscienceϳ
𣿵ֱҾ˭ò׼ȷ󵼶߰ɡ
£ɡᵽʵҪ˵еת
ܻ峦ڵĹϸкĳתĿ涾׻
ܽ볦ϸȻᷢʲô飿ڳϸл𣿱
ʲôӰ죿Գϸ̬ʲôӰ죿ת᲻ͨˮƽ
תƽ壿ܻʲôԶӰ죿һѧѧʿˮƽ
ʵֻǺܳʵ飩˷ḻ⣬ֵùת
ȫ߼оɲ֪ӲʿôͿûᵽһ󶹵Ļ
Ҳ볦ϸ--һ󶹻ȷʵȽϷģԲᣬΪ
˼ǧ󶹣ûʲô⡣
ʵҲҪ֤תʳһ彡к֤
ֻʾҪһоĿԡⱾͺҪԭҲȷָ
ǲҪʵ֤תʳƷкԭİɣ
ҲڵרҺڿ˵2002꣬ӢȻѧ
־Ŧ˹оԱ֣תʳƷеDNAƬοԽ
еϸڡӢʳƷ׼ЭΪ˹תʳƷȫĵһ
ʵ---12־Ըߺ7г᳦ֽ־Ըߣʳúת
ĺţ̱ʳƷʾڲ־ԸڣмСĳ
ϸ˴ת
 Ȼпѧҿ϶˵ûκ֤֤תƯƶ
á
 ڴˣ֤תתʳƷһԻкֻ
ϣ˵תʳƷİȫԣѧ޶---
⣬һͳһʥĿѧͬ塣ԡɡ

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:11
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵ壩
: 	3. ӣ˵һʵעͲЩ
۵ר٣һ߲׿ϸڵĶԴѧӲˣ

ֿԣѡȡ֤ʵѧģ㲢֪ʡԵ
ġѧʵ
һ˵ҵֻרҲܿĿѧӲˣôܿһ
飬Ȼרˡ˵Զ˲ʵʵ
Ҳ١ܹ֤Ӳˡ֪ٴ٣βָ
ƫҪۣ֮
˵ֱߴͷ䡢Ϊ֤һӣ
䡢ƫ֤һֲ
ӿԿĿѧжߡĿһϲ
ŵùġԡ˵£ȴû⡮ԡ֪
ֱߴͷ䡢ΪͬڡţЩ
Ǵģ֤ӵǱ󡣡

漸λзǹؿѧݣҶýͣʵ̳ϻӦ
ѶԷӵ۶˵ġ
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ѧʶϣ̬ǿԺԲƵģؼʵ԰ɡѼ
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ѧģ㲢֪ʡԵġѧʵȻѧϣ
ʱѧУѡسʵһӹ֤
κһۡ磬ֱߴͷ䡢Ϊ֤һ
ӣ䡢ƫ֤һֲ
ڿѧϣ̬ȡˡ仰Ҫô⡣ɵĽǶȣ
ĸҲӦ̬ȡˣʵУÿһ˶̬ȡ
ˣνѧ˼ͿѧϣӺܶµд̬ȡȷʵ
⣬ԲĿѧԭͿѧĲϵĴ취㣿ѧ
Ϳѧ
˵һ߲׿ϸڵĶԴѧӲˡǵģ
ˣΪһ㹻ϸѧѧĶߣ˵ˣ
ҴδԾתרҡڷΡԡһЩϲĿѧʵ
ѾһЩӡҲû˵ÿƪ¶ˣûһƪƪ˲
ҵԭ֪ȿ϶˷ٱָѧʵһֵ
ѧϰ(ǲĺٿѧʵûϸ飬Ըȴӡ
ޡ 趨ָֻܻбáⲻ
ֻۣ֮ƽӣûжԷäĿݶѡ
ǾڹĻӵۼֱҷЦʲô϶ôϲҫ
ԼöˣǺܿɰϴѧʱһλϲ
޵ѧ֪ʶڹʶѧڲͱ仯
ֱߴȻ֤һӣΪѧ
Ϊⲻһˣ־ٵǸӣ޷˵ѧʷ
飬ùķ֤һӣţ٣
Ȼ֤ǴģҾҪ˵ǣѧʵҲԱ֯óͬĽ
ۣͬʵͬĽͣѧϳۣģЩ
ͬ۵㲢һǿѧġһ־ǡѧô򵥡

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:12
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵ
: 	4.дпѧҪ
ҹ³Ծͳһƪ¡һöѧӲҵ
--ѧѧѡ
˵ѧݣӵдˮ׼˼߼˼
Ҿڼϣ100֣һ70ҡë
Ǽ򵥶֣ȱɡ⣬ʦ˳ŵضҡԱ
һһļֵʱǷܸСɡ

ӦһΡ
Ӵֻ֣ҵĸ˿ǻӦѶġû
˵Ͼ˼ʿٿдû
ģԸ70ַ֡Ӻȫ顣û
Լһԣֻһۺӡ󡣴ýϾ£ڡ¡
οƪУҸοķߣ
¡÷ͣƪҿ
ûжԱһһ֣˵û֣
дͿҪ˴֣ҲǸˣӦ
ԼʱʡҲûжԷӽȫж۵д
ƻȷʵ½ĲٶĵĶߣӦø
ɡԭԷӿ϶ȷ񶨶࣬껰̳ϵӦȷ
⣬ָӹתȫµȱݵͬʱһָ
˼άȱݣ޶⣬Ǳһλ߸䷴˼̬
Ĵ𸴣Ҹӡ֤ǰӡǰҶԷӵ²ûϸٹ
ӡҲĳֵġ⣬
ָһ˿зһõ;ܳΪΩһ
ķЩϲжºʵȻװԼҪѰҺ֤Ĵ𰸣
дʣʵԶһЩܷ׻ܡ
ȻԼҲҪ跸ִ
ҵƪ¡һöѧӲҵ⡷ںȤԼ
ǲĴ¡Ϊдʵ
ûϣǶǱһЩ΢ӡдд
׻˵пѧһϷºͿ޴ǣ
ĳЩ޷ȷ⣬Ҳ֡һɣΪмΪԿ
ѧЩɼΪѧֻһͷԣԶ޷ԺԵ
ḻԺͶԣⱲҲд΢Ȥ
һ:)

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:14
: 	˵˵ζȡ塢ɸѡʵߣ
: 	һֱΪӺܲҵһῴǰ
ìϵÿһﶼìܵͳһ壬Ҫìܡ
Ͽۣӵ˿վ¶ѧܲˣҺͣ
°ܶѵĲ룬һЩҲмֵȻҳʹٽ
ѧǷһ˵ҵϣ
ƽȵӺۡ
ϸ˵ҶԷӵ۽ϸĶķΧ
Ҫƹ㡢ϸߡڡοת
ᵽһ㣬Ҳҵ̬ȣɡԭԶ
һʵⶼӦǵԭ򣬾
ʲô󣬻ӭָ̡
رⳡй걨רһȫ޹ءҵ༭ʱҲ
뷽Ӹ׫壬ڻӭ߹עġһáרǵıֽ
ÿǱܿǺǡ
tnndֻ˵˵һ˵ô࣬⻹Ǽ򵥵ģȫ֤
˵̫ˡ
Ҳ֪жܰЩꡣһ硣

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 14:20
: 	һöѧӲҵ
: 	һöѧӲҵ

һйиѧͼˣʶ
ⲻһ˵ӡĺܶѶָо
ϺĵġѧʦǴ顷ģ
˼Ŀ⡷ѧҴϵС͡ѧʷϵС֣
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Ŀѧ༭Ǻģ硰ɫ䡱ȶ״Ż
ĹϸǰһסԡռҵİͷȻǡࡱ
ĳ顶뺢ӹȻķϣα༭һظл
ǣߴ֮죬һ˺͡ˡᣬ
ͷǱ㿴ɽӰֱ߸ոհݶġѧ
ѧѡǸ桭
ýĿѧͼ۱༭Ҳûв֪ġڡл鱨йͼ
̱ѧʱ϶º֣ȥԪӦϺĳ
̨α˵̸ǧ껰⣬ǴССسһ
׻˵пѧˡѧѧʷѧѧѧ
ѧѧѧռѧ롢̬Ů壬
ȵȡѧʷıУΪ价塰Ȼ֮ѡ֮һ
ѡгֻȻ˳£дĳŮ֯ս
£Ҳ̬Ůעĺ֡
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뿴19581982ҵڱѧϵ1985ҵй
ѧԺоԺΪ廪ѧѧԺƼоڣϺ
ͨѧѧʷѧѧϵѧίԱְڡ
֪Ϊʲôǰʶұһֱûϵġڡ
ȷʵǽڣһʲôĽڣݼǿġ
ͷ뱱ѧ԰ѧоڵأ20001027
磬ӱƼ硶ѧ̸ᡣ
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Կʼˣͷλڷ׷׳޴ܺã粻¿
£ǲΪƷζͼķгıߣԼѧƼ
ȡο鼮ȵȡ˵廪ѧڷԡӿˣ
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ĻѾ˲٣һġҲвⷽѡ⣬
ܹ׬ǮġгʵС絹ڲ֪Ѱ
һҲҪʾѧȥĳһ飬Ϊһ
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Ųǿ
мڳ͸һƤ׾ƺС߹
ĳеʹĵ⼸ľ̫ɢˣûó
һƪĿѧʷģ̫ϧˣڿѧѧͷʲôأϣ
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һԬ䣬һ˼Ԭȥƺе䣬
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Щõʲôʧȥ٣˵òʧ˵
ЩҪƷζ˲ȥеˮƽռ.ƺ洫ý
Ѽܿģûһʹĵӡǲڡıأ
ҲɣоѧĽڱ˴ʵлõĿУ˭ܹ

ޱ߷ĽڱǾ桢ȤĹŵȳ˰չæʱ
Ҳ˹ҲעӲϷ񣬵ܼǵ
ĵ绰Լĳŵ̸ÿһṩ¿
òھۻȻسΪġ
ôһˣѧѧѡôһ飺ӣ
ӿѧʷŮ嵽ӵѧۡĸСȻ֤־
ݷоרоѧҴǡʡ黰Ѷ
ôѧڱһ̹ʡݡûӡǷ㲻أ
ǷǳأӲǷһȻвôʵһ棿
ҪԼˡ
ѧѧѡ  20003µ1 
29.30Ԫ
: 	 	: 	˵˵ 	: 	2005-01-25 14:25 	
ظ ޸ı
: 	ǡɡ£ҪתĻ򡵡棨һ
: 	дʱδй걨༭ˣ༭
ձɾĺñұ༭Ϊñ
ȥݣʾƽ۵ķΧ--ϡߡֺ
磬ñӱߣֻǴ˿,༭ĴҲǳƽ
̳ʵһЩԷӻӦ¼ķۣҲ

Ϊ̳ǿšƽȵĹ̳ʵӴֱҵӺ
ң˭õش˵

תʳƷеרҵ֪ʶ볣ʶ


շӵġ£ҪתĻ򡷣й걨121511棬
¼ơģЩ뷨²졣
ĵͷһƪΪתף13ɡı
Ϸĩ1291棩Ϊñ֧ת
ѧȫħΪѬ֮ͽҿһ㣬෴ڱ
ҿ˷ߺ֧˫˵ңΪת绤Ŀѧҵ
˵ȥ--йũԺ＼оԱʿ٣Ƶһת
ˮƷҵֲ˵Щߣλش
ʮԺ飿ѧеˮƽΪǰȫģǰȫġѧǶ̬
ģ˵弸ʮ顣Ժ⣬ѧ
ȻЩѧҵ뷨һµģдǲûм
תʳƷķʲô֤֧Ƕ԰ȫԵɡֻܲ
֤ǰȫĲ˵û⡯ֽƱ硣
ǻȴ֤ݺʵ̸ɡеġѧѾȷתʳƷ
ȫ𣿶תʳƷȫԵɣĺ޿ѧ֤ݡ
ֻšɿޡı
ҪǣνתʳƷİȫԣʳƷԽ
ܴĽӰ죬԰ȫӦôơֲʳáйȫ
̽оӰʳйء
һ£ִܷйתʳƷк
ıȻЩʱɿҲûеó˵ת
ʳƷһԽ򻷾кʾֻһֲӦӵĿ--ǵǰ
תʳƷоߵĹ̬ͬȣǲĳЩѧҺͷն

ˣѾӷ༥תĿѧ⣬רҵ
ýϢΪƾ˵
ԭ£Ҫһˡڡѧо200484ڵ
תBtעָƽ˾ɱ浰׻򣩿ˮоչ̬ȫ
ۡУϿƼѧѧѧԺ근д
ǮӭٻȡΪתֲͷŵũ̬ϵͳǱڵΣհɱ
ʹáµũӲݡתֲΪӲݡµĲ
µﺦ漰ԷĿ˺档
ת׺ת޻ԷĿＰԵӰвٱ
ư沶ʳתΪϵֳ⡱
תĲＰкֲϵе
΢޼׵Ӱ졣תBtＰֲ 
crylA(b)ĺ13תBtƷֵķҺкcrylA(b)ɱ浰ףЩ
ۻĻЦѧתϷԣ
ʵתﰲȫȷйء
һȵоתBtˮ׷۵ɣҶιҲϣ
ҲءȫͼԵڶգ
ԳڶաоΪBtˮҹϷϵƹ㽫ܶ
ҲϵɸӰ졣
ڹڵũҵרҺѧвϡС㽭ѧũҵ＼
ѧԺֲﱣϵ͢Ҳġũҵ＼ѧ̸
ת벡Դпֵ̬ע⡱Ǳڵķհ
صĸϲתֲܷ²
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ҵתﰲȫίԱᡱר֮СתƷȫ
ίԱ58λרҼԱɣ＼оȦʿռ38ϯ
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ȫоרֻ5ˣʳƷȫרҸֻ
ҲڵרҺڿ˵2002꣬ӢȻѧ
־Ŧ˹оԱ֣תʳƷеDNAƬοԽ
еϸڡӢʳƷ׼ЭΪ˹תʳƷȫĵһ
ʵ--12־Ըߺ7г᳦ֽ־Ըߣʳúת
ĺţ̱ʳƷʾڲ־ԸڣмСĳ
ϸ˴ת
Ȼпѧҿ϶˵ûκ֤֤תƯƶи
á
ڴˣ֤תתʳƷһԻкֻ
ϣ˵תʳƷİȫԣѧ޶--
ϣһͳһʥĿѧͬ塣
ȻӢʼѧᡢôʼѧᡢũ֯֯Ȩѧ
֯棬ָתʳƷܴĻպͽգܵ
ͯȣҲϣʲôֻš򡰳ޡʵת
ʳƷȫҲдоıģƪ޷һһ
о١
ҲоרңҲǣһҶ
⣺֤ݲֵ£һֿܶԻк¶ˣ
ʱΪеĹЩʲôΪеרӦЩʲôأΪת
ʳƷ׼Ʒк֤ݲ㣬ѧңҵӵйĴƹ
Ϊרҵ֪ʶڱʧȥȨѡȨ
شЩҪרҵ֪ʶЩʵֻҪʶ

: 	 	: 	2005-01-25 15:04
: 	ɡ£ҪתĻ򡵡棨
: 	磬תˮ봫ͳӽˮԼҪרҵ֪ʶġ
תתĻĻƬΣ罫ĳϸĿ
תˮƳɿˮĳĿתƳɿ
޵ʱ߶ǼȻġͳӽͨ
ķֳΪɸѡֻ֮ͬĻϣΪʵ
ԴȻģ¡
ΪѧʿķʵӦףתǿǰķǷķ
ΪʼζˮӽתƵǧٸת
ˮתһСϸDNA
תʳƷԻʲôӰ죿ûʲôר
ҵ֪ʶǣشһ⻹Ҫо
Ҫרҵ֪ʶǣǿԷΪʲôͬһĿѧһвͬ
˵磬з˵Щתˮ֧
תƷУҲ֧˵ĳЩתˮרұӵ
ӽˮƷֵĹ˾ÿһ˶Լ棬ӰУ
ͳʶħ
ˣһȨأӦ룬Ȩ룬ʹ
һ߶רҵ˭ҲȨռۣѧҲС
⵹˵вҪ̡ڷֹԽԽϸרҵԽԽߵĵ
磬ÿ˶òĳЩרѧΪһȨ
ѧνɡ˵ڣγһֶԿѧȨƽ
ƣضġЩΪвѧչ뷨
ֵþ衣
ڶԿѧҵĲɷУĳЩ˵У˵ʣԣһ
ЩıͶʵ飬ûеõȷϣûʵܺĿǰļ
˵ǰȫġˣǵ˼ʱɱš
Σ¼²Ʒǰ;
ڶԷ˵Ĵϣһ֡ޡ˵˼ǣȱ
㹻֤ݱӦΪ--йȷԭһΪ˵
߼ֵκһ˵޶˺ķӦ
ôڶԴһ¼ƷʱҲҪءޡԭ
Ϊǡǡ෴ԴеЩǲ֡С̬
ɣԿ֮׷ᣬ˴ٽǵĸƣǿܶ˵
Ҹܴ˺--ԼƷСͬһеĳ
ʶ
ÿô򼢻ĶʹũҩжͲǶ˺ת
ܼũҩʹá츣ࡢ𣿡
˵
ֱ绤ĽǶȣóֵĿѧ֤˵ڰɡ֪
ɫƽĻ֯һֱڡƻġ˵ƹת޼
Ťһ췽ҹ̷ǻ˵תﲢܼũҩͻʹã
Ⱦĸ÷̬ũҵ룬Ӧѧͬ˵

ҺܲתˮרҼʿĻش˵ת
ֹ޴ģҲ赲չĲ
ֵʱδԤϵˣ
ѾΪȾۣȻδйĻѧƷȻԴԴ
ǵ--δδӰͽӰۣѵ
ѧҺ͹ڲȡѵߵҪ
ǵģй鲢δɱķչֻýԽԽ
ࡢȫͬתͲƷıɱˣһ
ǵĻ

(XYS20050125)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

Ľ2004ϵĽ
2004112708:30

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Ǻܶμӻ飬кܶͬѧûеǾͲˡ
һǰõһϢڴҶ֪ˣǽԡ쿡
»ıCellˡǸһһ¡
ĹCellϷʮ껹ǵһΡԡ쿡»վ
Ǵףأڹƣ

ҿԿƪ£λͬѧŬǺԵģʦָҲ
й͡Ҫĳɹʵ鹤ĳɹʵѧ糣˵
ideas are cheap, its the experiment that countsIdeasҶУ
Ҷ֪ʲôҪ⡣˭ʵ鹤ɹ˭Ҫס
˵ҵ뷨뷨ҪʵIdeaʵѧû
̫ģ˵ѧоǽģڽĹideasfree 
floatingҶзݣ˵ideaȫģǱ˵ģǷǳ
ӱ뷨ƪCellҲһشͻƣҲҪţ˵
ͻơֻaxon differentiation signal transductionһ
ڣú㵽иɻʹﵽCellı׼
˵axon differentiationͽˡҳ˵ÿ
ʵ飬Դﵽ׼ֻҪܹʵóס
ͿԴﵽCell׼

ҿܶʵҵĿ⣬Լʵңһ⣬Ǻ
׾ͱԼŷԼõĽcriticalһproject
ʼʱһ󣬸һ˵ȻΧ
˵ʵ顣ʵĹУᷢЩݺܺļ˵Щ
ݲϣеǰѲϵݷһߣϵþˣΪԼļ
˵Ȼ֤ʵʵݲôŷԼȴѱԼ˵ˡ
Ҽԭķȥз֤ҲԴܿ;
Ϊļ˵⡣Ҫκμ˵ֻΪworking hypothesis
ҪԼļ˵ޣʵ˵ϣǺȻ飬
ֻǸ˵ҪԱһһõļ˵Ǹµļ˵Ӧ
ԭԤⲻϵġз֤Ľ

ܶͬѧʦʵ֤Լļ˵
Ľϣͷˣߣ⿪һͷʵǲԵģʱ
ܿϧġõĽû֤ʵļ˵һҪʲôԭ򣿼
һʵ顢Ρʵ鶼òҪģҪʣΪʵ
Уʵķ⣿Ϊʲôܹظи̫
 noiseǷУǸϵͳӦУ
Լ⡣ȥûп˷ʵĹء
ƵϵͳͬķĽȴУ͵ü
ܷ˵ܹ֤ʵ鼼û⣬Ľ
Ǻļ˵һ͸Ӧ÷ͱʾ˵ԭļ˵
⡣ԭļ˵ڴҹϵ˼·, ϵĸģʵ֤
ݸļ˵ϵĻʾ˵ڹϵ뷨ǲԵġӦûһµ
ŻܹڵĽͿҪķ֡ѧչ
ǰеĹ뷨ı䡣õ˵ϵķ֤ʵõĽ
˵ļ˵д󣬴뷨д󣬵ȻҪȫȷʵ
ǿŵġ

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ϾͿԱҵǺ¡ǿ£ҪĿҪ
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ܴﵽˮƽ־Գˮƽ־·ӳǵĹˮƽ
ʹ뵽ЩЩѧԺ쵼
Ϊûôǳƪ£ѧ¶ûʲô
ȵȡȷʵĶûʲôֱӵ壬ûа취
ϵͳǵʲôطأΪʲôҪ
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һ˿ûô塣һ㣬ǾҪǿ̤ʵء
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ʢи硣һСɼȣжͻƣж塣
ʮ˶ĸ磬ڿѧﻹȻʢСǾҪһ
Ѳ䡢̤ʵءϽѧ̬й񾭿ѧúý
ǳµ塣

ûģǲֻΪԼɼҳ£Ųǵģ
Ҷ֪Ĺó״ӳԶ˵Ȼģ
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ӲʵֵH_264Ƶ㷨Ľߣ  
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http://www.liumeiti.org/tech/mpeg/200411/3313.html
http://www.91tech.net/Article/HardTech/AnalogDigitalBase/200501/304.html
 
 
ԭʼ̨ѧDSP lab
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Performance analysis of hardware oriented algorithm modifications in h264

2003 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo
http://www.icme2003.com/Papers/viewpapers.asp?papernum=61166
 
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http://video.ee.ntu.edu.tw/web/paper/01221383.pdf

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8535/27072/01202411.pdf?arnumber=1202411

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ͻȻúñȻұ˺оշѾûʲôϵˡ

ϾǱ˷θ֮ԣ޶Ը˵Ĺ֮⣬λܵ˺ˣ
ӭͱϵemail: ggpopular@sina.com

(XYS20050125)

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С֡ϿѧĽ̽ʲô 

nkjerry



ã

СġϿѧĽ̽ʲôҸоǳ˲
Ӭһ,û. ԼȽϵ,ûпС
µ߼,ȴҰСºĸĿں,Լйܳͷǳ
дһ (ĳĳƷǺѽ,Ǻá)ϵ.һ
ұû.,ȻϿһܺϸıҵ,ĸУȴ
.κζĸУ߽Ե,̲һӭ,ΪϿǰ
Ķ֮һ;, ޶˵ܲͶĹܻ˺һͨϿУ
.

ҳǰ,ϿķչٶȺͱƴѧ,ȷǲһЩ,
ݺԭmoodstationĶԡϿѧ䷢̽У¾Ȼ
õһһкϸ˵;ͬʱ,Ҳ,Ͽѧ,Ϊ
һѧ,ĺܶƶȺ,ƽ,ЩͲƽ,
ӦòϿѧе.

Сǳǿ,ܴ ϿѧĽ̽ʦһ
Ƚ71ˣԱһȻ76ˡ仰,Ȼ
е10,ҲҪʲô,һޱ.

2003,йĸֺ͸ֲĲ˫˫2ڶ,ѳΪһ
ѹ,ָʲô?

һ, йĸֺ͸ֲĲ,йĸֲˮƽѾһ!
, йĸֺ͸ֲĲ,йĸֹҵˮƽѾһ!
, йĸֺ͸ֲĲ,йľ񶼿ø!



ҸеԺˣйԭôһǿĹ!

СʼˣΪô̵ʱѧ뷽
ҪֵɣܵóһЩҪĽ!

ϿѧĽ̽ҲϸĿȽϤֻˣ
½ںڣڸǽѧΪѧ
ԺȽɫһſΣĵý֮У.˶ǺϤ,ж
 ѧУѧԺ쵼߸ˡ,Ҳ.ҿԿ϶,
ѧԺҪ쵼ûгڻ.Сᵽ ֪ж
񽱽ʦҲְ,ڰʾ(ûлͬİʾ,Ҳ֪
),񽱽ʦкܶǼְ.֪Сܲܳո,
е˽,֪жʦǼְ.ϣҵĴ
: ֻǲ²,Ҫ!

ұȽһ(һα),
˿Һϲһվ,кܶ˼ں.,һЩûʲ
ôʵݣպںŵ³˿,ܻӰڴ
ˮƽ³֣ǶϿѧл.

(XYS20050125)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

֮֡



    и涨ë֮⣬鿯ϵ
֣Ҫð֣ԭǺ֡һġģ༭ĳ
1234ʧְҪ۹ʡǣһ
óʾ䡰ʮһΡӡʱˡ20һΡ
п

    ѰʫҺһֻһҪǡƹ㡱
ǾͿԿ21а졣1000ѩ
Ų10000ﴬĶʫˡҺëҲǵõð
ģҲڳ֡80000Ѳң1000ӡë
ʫ֮֡ء־22ڣ

ú˼

    һϷʫǵô￴ģϷÿ
һʫʫСһġ塱
ߡˡšʮ١ǧ򡱡
˫롱ʮĿ֣͡ߡɡ֣
Ϫ䡱ֵϡһʫʮ棬ҪӲǶʮĸֽȥ
ռһ룻Ͻֵλãǹ̶ƶģʮŸ֣
˵øƽƶλô࣬ѿ롣Ƕù
ȫϸɣ﷨̫ǣǿ滪ƺо飬Ϊһʫƣ

        ˫ӰޒϪɺǽ
        ˳߽ǧ㣬ִɫ
        ƻɺ룬¥̨ӵ롣
        ʮһһ䡣

    ڣġƹ㡱Ҳƹ㡱һ£ͳˣ

        200%Ӱ9ޒϪ100ɺǽ2
        8߽1000㣬3ִɫ
        6ƻɺ50%4¥̨ӵ롣
        2571110000䡣

    ΪµĲ䡣֪Ժ󣬴ʫܱΪ
һ

(XYS20050125)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.freedns.us)

Ϊƾƽ


ŴѧоԺڼԺ


ĩڴй˵ĿУƾ١һʣƾ
ǵʱһָġɱ˲ŵȡʿƶȡƾƶΪ
еĶԽܵġ1905ƾʱԿƾٵķۣ
ѾǸǹ۶ˣҰռҲһֱǸġˣڿ
ĵĿΪƾƽЩ˻ò˼ΪֻΣ
ֻҪ侲͹۵ӿƾƣֱ֪Ϊƾ
ƽǹ֮гֵɺ͸ݵġ

ƾʱһǰսᣬƾٵʱѹȥˡڿƾͣһ
Ľ죬äĿпƾƵʱӦùȥˣƾħҲ
ˡ

һƽĺ

һ˿֪ܲԿƾƷֹ֮󲻾ãͿʼΪƾƽ
ңֺʱʱܵ˵ԽԽ

1300йƾʷϣƾֹΣÿڷֹ֮󲻾ñ
ΪƾƽҪָƾơ19ĩ20ͳȻйš
ǧδ֮֡ξûŴͬѾû˿ƾ
Ļ 1905Ͽƾѧãƾߵٲľء
ڴ˺ż꣬ҲһָƾơнӰǣ1907
˷ԡѧΪָƾ٣гƻͨѧУ
пƾ١񶨡ԺҲһЩΪƾƵƽ
΢ᣬӰ첻½ĩһЩΪƾƽ


Ϊƾƽ䷨ʱڼпƾٵ
1910꣬˵ƾٷǶҲΪƾٲһֻƶȣ
һΪ˷ʵǧǰ֮һҲΪƾƽ
ţֱ˵ʺȻԻƾٱ㣡ָƾٵĽ顣1ֻǵ
ʱⷬ۲δ˵ӣڳһ˽֪
пƾٵ˵Ϊƾƽĺǣ
Ȼʮֵ˼

ġʱҪĿѧߺ˼ҶȪ1911׫ָ
ֱԵ֮ѧáϿƾ٣ΪӡʹߣϿƾ֮ƶȣ
Ը֮ʽôֿƾٸĸЧȷϿƾ
ѧõĸá2ƾʵԲһ۵֮һ

һλڿƾٷϺ󲻾ȴƾٵΰɽɽ
ֳһٳйŴԵĹƽԣǿѡιԱеҪԣ
Ȩܷ˵ж˵ŷĿƶȣ඼ѧӢġ
ԴӢĿƶԭǴйѧȥġԣйŴĿ
ȣ԰ȡŵõƶȡɽ
Ƚ֮ҿԺ·ӵءǿȨԱѡε
״ʹ˼ʹŷ۵ġɽָŷټƶƷ
пԣִУʫۡ˹ģ˲ű
Ŀʱãƶ¡3 ֱΪƾƽۣ
޿ƾƶȱƾٿԵҲԿ϶ɽĹ۵㵼˺
ԺĽʵǿƾƵĸ

һЩѧߣԿƾҲ൱пϵۣΪй
ʷ֮һǿƾƶȣ˵ƶȷʵʮֿ͹ۡʮֹѧ
ʧ⿼ҲԹƶȲһƶȣʹ
ƶͥжҲܹͨľ۹ҫȨְ
λϡƶȵĳѵйγһٹ̵Ĺ
Ӧʤιι˵УԱĳһ
Ӧͨĳ־ԸμӿԵ˳ľԵĿƶѡΡ
4̸䷨ʱ˵䷨ʱֻǿնĻ
֪Ҫʲôѧ˲ŵĵطѧòܴ濼Եƶȣѧ
У濼ԣäĿĸĸйʮûп͹۵ġ
˱׼5

Ǯ1951귢ġйʷϵĿƶȡһΪƾơ
ȱ㣬ףԸʱͨĩȴһ䷨ѴƶҲ
ȥˣȫޱ׼±ϵᵳӪ˽ƫ
ƫ٣ֲָʤɲ˵ǰʷΪǰһҪã
ž۾ɴ6 1955꣬ڡйεʧһУǮ˵
ΣƶȣйƶһȽҪƶȣ
һǧϵĳʱڡмиĸݱ䣬˲֪˵Ĵ
ʷ𽥷չżȻġֱ壬˻֪
ƶַѡ֮ƫݣȴƶʷйǧ
ϸܵģһˣӣҲ˿ϧ֮ء
һɲֵ¡7

½2080Ժ˼ĽźѧĿɣƾоҲ
ǰĻԾʱƣѲͳΪߵ
ҡҲĩϿƾٸΪԶԵʣѧ߿ʼԿƾ
ķԵжϡҪǸ߿ѡŴľ飬Լû
ƶȻѡԱԱĳֳı׶ˣʹǸ̵ط
˼ƾƵǷǹ͹۵о֪ǶԿƾٵĻӡԭ
ĩΪϿƾٶؽ˵һǴγɵġ

磬ιʮѧΪоԱ̸60
ǰʱ򣬶顢ı棬˵ƾټ俼ԲãȻҲ
ʶ¿ԹֲһЩϣŸеԭʶȫ棬ת
ΪйΰǶΰףԺĴ
ƾٶҾĴлںϣͳһҪ
áԿƾٵۣӦʷġĹ۵㡣8

еѧΪʶƾƵʷú͵λӦƾƵĹ
;ƶȱԣƾٲΪйͳĻĽй
ʷ˼شãͬͳĻһƾƶȵĻ
ֵǼ̳кͷչ9еѧڶʱڽʿ˲ŵʱշֲ
ϵʵ֤оΪԿƾٵĹԺͽӦƶȱ
ʵ¼ȡԣʹĩ͹Ժ͹Իġʿеľ
ǡѧƽӹܡ֮ԿƾٿݵԲӦɡ
10

ƾٿԵڹŴйƽŵԭһġִԡ
˵ĳֳԽʱеΪƾٿԵսᲢζ
кֵ֮мֵĹõ
ǹƽ㷺롢ΨǾٵ˼벻ڷ⽨ǽģԽʱ
գԽᷢչ׶ΣΪ๲ͬĻʷɱ
ŲҲǶ˼Ļľ޴ס11 

ѧΪҹʱĹҲδڡ
ƾ٣ִĹеĿƶȴڿƾٵĳʽΪƾ
ƽĺҲԽԽˡ12˽һ͵η˸
ǻ׷֣ƾƲõĿѡŰ취Ҫ»ƺͲƼơе
ָڴͳйĻУƾйܵȱԵģ
ڿƾƵķϳйɲ²ƶʵϵ˵ƾǰ̬13

ѧ˵йչĪɣȻйԼȴ1905
ȡƾƣĹٿԵ˼·ʱʼй1300꣬
²ˡָ¡˷ҵԧסҲˡƾ
֮ϳֻڳϦ֮ɣҪָҪꡣ14֮⣬
ƺйӦûָƾٿƶȡ

ΪƾƽĶΪƾٵı׶˲ƶ⣬⣬
Ҫ˹Ĳǰ˹ƾƶȡȻ԰
һƾΪªĲ֣ҲвѧҪΪ֮ƽ磬1996
ϳͳһ˹Ĺֹ߶԰˹ɶ϶ľ
еġ˵˹ɡһǶ԰˹ĵƫ硶˹ġһ
ҲΪ͹۹˰˹塣

˵ѧ߶ԿƾƵۣ˵Ҫй˶Կƾٵ۸ߵöࡣ
19ĩʿָȱݣƾƶάй
ͳһͰһ𾴵ˮ׼˱κƶȸ
á15в˻ΪƾҪԲеĴ
ѧߵ˵ΪӶ̵Ӱ˵һϣ
ƾƿԳ֮Ϊйġ16۵йĻоԺ
õйѧϰƻ㽫ƾƶȡΪйһר⡣

ΪƾƽĴУƾѧӦ˶ƾѧ
ĳΪƾƽĺ塣ڳ׷񶨿ƾٵѧ󻷾Уǲ
ƾΪһרоġƾѧġ۶ԿƾƵǷǹ
ۣƾһֿ͹۴ڡ20й˶Դƾ٣Ͽ˵Ǵ
ӵӡӼߵ侲Ƭ浽ȫ桢еεѧ
ѧķչǴţƶȵĿ۵֣̽Ӽ
Եжϡ17

֮ΪƾƽڵйѧѳΪһ˼Ϊһơ
о߲ԼͬΪƾƽȷʵǷֿƾʷӹ
Ĩɱشãص˼ġ١۴ʷ۴
ʷʱǱš۴ʷʷ̬ȣȻóΪƾƽ
ۡ
   
ƾ۵

ڿƾдʶָʷʵʲġǶ
ǵ˵Ϊʶ

1ƾ޷ѡš

ֹ۵ѧƷ鹹ķҼɿƾ
Ϊƾ͵Ķ͵ĸ壬ȴ˴ʵĽܳ
ƾ˲šҼȻҲӳʷʵѧ
ƾѡ˴鵽ӢۣӰ׾סԪ
ŷޡѧңʯž
μңӺ䵽ԪࡢһĽңӦǡ
ĹŴѧҡЩʵʵڵĿƾԶȡ
ҼÿšݡǺѧֲ¼йͳƣ
ҹ602нʿ;˵ȳ߹341ռ56.6%
⻹һĿƾʽߡ˿˵йʱڶѧ
ǿƾٳߡ

ƾٵĿĲѡѧҶѡιԱ1300
ҶǿƵˣĩпƾٵĿΪ֮ϸҲ
ǿƾٳЩ˶ʵʵڵĿƾ˲ţ˵ƾƵѡŹǷ
ӳˡ̫˵ڿƳ֮УǸʮ壬ֹһ
Ϊ֮ӡ18̫ں׿ƾȡ֮ʿܸɴ
ֻҪаٷ֮һʮܳɴűɹˣԣƾٿ˵ܹ
ͳѡγίΡ

2ƾйƼ󡣡

̽йƼԭʱҪìͷ׼ƾһֺе
˵˵ͳȱйĿƼ
ԺƼԭʮָӣҪƾ١
ӿƾ٣δƾٵλߣ1300йƾʷΪӿƾٵʱ
֮һȻʱйƼȴԶԶ600ʷ
ǷԵó˵ʱƼܿƾƵƶأȻܡͬ
ԺƼҲܼ򵥹ڿƾ١йƼԺ
ĸԭйͳĻ˼άʽ

ŴйἼѧƸ߶ȷȻѧλ¡ƴ
ƾϵͳƣֻ¼ȡ١λ͵ĿĿ
δԺˡĩᴬڵ𺳣ѧƣȻȡ
١ʱй˵˼ͲȻѧй˵˼ά
ʽغ۶Ժ΢ۣó֤׾ʵ֤ûĴ
룬йһЩҵĿƼҲٹ껹ǴͳĶģʽ
ܹܾҲûᷢŴй滭
û͸Ӹһ໭ҿ϶ԶС󣬿滭
ǰֻŨͬɽԶû˽ݵȽ
ԱȽԶС͸ԭӦ˵й˵˼άʽϰйء
ˣԺйƼƾƻӦóе𣬵Ӧó
Ҫ𡣼ʹûпƾ٣йŴʿҲûὫҪ˼õƼ
ȥԪ൱ʱδʵпƾƣƾѧϣ˵ۣ
19ʱһ֪ʶ˿ƾƵĹ֮󣬶ཫ˼ʫ贴ȷ棬
ὫתƵƼȥձ89ģƳʵпƾƶȣ
10ԺƾƱˣ19ҶǰձƼҲûб
йŴ໥Ĳͬϵ16
ƼʼйεԭĻĲ졣

3˵ƾƺڰ

߰ѿƳϵЮ濼¸١ͨؽڵ˵ǿƾ
ı׶ˣΪƳʢ˵ƾƺڰʵϣδԺ
ĿƳ˵⣬ƶȱ⡣ƾƽ˺ͼ
ŵȨλľеϵˮƽĻ֪
ʶľˣڿ˼ͼƻһƽƶȣ뷽跨
ƶȵĿӣֶͨμ;綡ƾٽ
ĹٿƶʱָģӢֲĹٿƶкȱʧĻ
ǲڸƶȣò20ƾ涨ʹʩǡǡ
Ϊֹ׶ƶġǲ˵߿вֵط
˵߿ƶȲһΪ׶ƶȱƾ临
;ԣԿкֻؿɼƽʱˮƽȣһЩ͹
ԡڴͳйᣬڷϵǿ˼ʹϵӣ۲
ȡȡʿƶȣܳԶԣƾٿΪԵѡ
ƶȡ

һйƾʷɿԷչ߼ⲿѹ໥Կд
ʷƽȡʿľͼͶȡɵΪǶд͵
ʷɶӢġնƳԿƾƵķ涼
˷ǳ꾡Ĺ涨ϸϽ̶жԷֹ׵Ĺ涨˵
ܲ͸硢ˮ©Щڿƾٿǧݽγɵġ
ҾãδնƳ˺ƾƶ̶֮ܳȣ
նƳ˺ƾƶ̶֮ܳȡ

4ƾٿԲƽ

ָƾƲƽ˵ǿʵԻƽȵǶԹ˵Ŀ
˵ԾƽʲôƶȱƽأбȽϲм𣬿ƾ
ǹŴƽȡʿƶȡԵĻԭǹƽ
壬ΪƾƵƶƵĻ񡣲ܿƾǷ
ʵϹŽⶼھԵĹƽٳڵĿƾٿ
ƶ˵ᳫƽġʱŷΪƾܷ¼
Զžףǡ컯Ȩ⡱21ԪʱڣʡԺ
λöһΪáĽֱ۵سֳҲ
ƾٿԹƽԵľƾѱΪƽһƶȣ
Сƾ٣֮ƾٶ˽Ϊ֮˵22 ָ
ʵпƾҪǳڹƽĿǣʵѡ˲ŵİ취޷ʵ
α׶˱ȿƾٸʵֻ²ѧбֵĿƾǲѵ
취ƾΪǽ֮·Ȼǵѡ23ƾʱ˶
Ϊƾٿ൱ƽҲ޷ٳŴʲôƶȱȿƾƸƽô
ʲôӲҪ˵ƾƲƽأ

5ŮȨμӿƾ٣˿ƾƺܲƽȡ

вָƾƲŮԱ˿ų⣬˵ƾƸ
ƽȡʵһ⡣ŮųѡηΧ֮⣬ܹ
ƾ٣ûпƾƣŴŮҲһȨǹŴġ
Ϊ͢еĹԱһϵĹԱ⣬йԼ
ҹŴŮԹԱ£ƾôܻпŮأʱ
ƶȰšƾֻѡιԱ;ֶΣŮӦǿ
Ƶû˵͸󿴱ʣѸŮų
ⲻӦƾ٣ڵʱڵƶȺ͹ԱṹʹȻǸ
۲úѡٷʽܽŮڡ

6ƾɹٱλơ

ʵһִٱλѧ˵Ʋǿƾɣƾֻ
ʹѧƶȻ˾淶ѡƾȷʵʿ˵ĴǶ
һȥӡԡ˵ѧ߷ǱΪˣ߱
ѧǴսʱӵĿʵпƾƵʱѧΪ˵
֮١ƾΪṩĻᣬʹѧ˴
Ӧ÷Ⲣ˵ƾ˹ٱλơ˵ףƾƱ
йͳĻĲΪڿƾƲ֮ǰйѾһ
صĹˣڼѧһᴫͳκϱʱڣ
ٿ൱˥ʱйѾǵȼɭϡƷȫٱλѾ
γˡɼٱλƲǿƾɣֻ˵ƾǿ˹ٱλ
ơ

7ƾٵ¹ٳܡ

ĩٳܹڿƾٿ˵Ǳĩãǡǡ˥ܡٳڰ
ŵ¿ƾ;ĩ·ȡʿǴƶϷֹ˷ĸܣû
ƾһؿڣĩٳ֪ܶٱθܵĲԭǡ
ǡѡƶܵԼʢУپ˺ͽʿ
ˣнʿʮѡ;˼ռ֮
ЩĻϸߵĿƵ˷ѡȱͨɵ;
Ƽ;࣬ĩٳܵԭ֮һڡª
йˡҲ˵ƾйĹٳʵûпƾйٳҹٳ
ȹֲӪ˽صöࡣ

棬ֻǾ֮⣬вһֱе˵硰ƾ
ͳĲƾһԶƾй˥ܡ
ƾٶѧûдٽá˹ǴĲȵȣҲǶ
⡣ƪڴ˲档

ƾƵıĿ

ʷȻѾȥȴȫţǱڵʽΧ
ƾȻѾֹȴûȫţԲִ̬ͬᡣ

ΪƾƣбҪйʷѡ˲ŵİ취Ա
ϣҲбҪͬʱѡιԱƶȽбȽϣйִ
ƶȺ˲ѡΰ취ԱȽϡΪǲӦͿƾ̸ƾ٣˭ֻ
йĿƾƣ˭Զ޷ȫƾơ

ƾƱ֮ǰϮơơƷһֽ˻
塣ƾΪ19Ҷǰ˹Ϊ޲Ĺƶ
ѧ߰߶רŵоĲۡɽձӢ
꣬˵йĿƶõƶȡǶ۶ϣ
䷨ʧܶձ󣬶йĿƾٸ˷˼1910꺷Ȼ
Żָƾ١1993׶طѧ꣬оƾٶƶȵӰ
졢ӢڽĹٿƶǰ۲ϺԾ֮󣬵2000
ڶѧ꣬ѧԱҵϹԱΪԺ
ʸԵ鼮ʱҶɽΪƾƽĹ۵˸е
⡣

ʵϣƾƼû19ǰһЩ˵ôãҲû20
й˵ôĩϿƾʱ۾ʱ˵ȡᣬʷ
˼άƵԼҲƫȫ֪ͨţǿԽϿƾ
߿һȽϣ˶ԿƾƵƫҪԭĩϿƾ
ǰ۵Ӱ졣

ǽĩʿԿƾƵķ۵ǹŴ˶ԿƾƵĿ
ͺñȵֻŷֹ߿һɵ۵һֻĩϿƾ
ʱɸѡۺԺƵʷ̿飬ôƾƵȷ
ֻȡ1966ϸ߿ǰӴﵽѧԸ߿߿
ôͻ¸߿һǴӡ󣬻ó߿һ񼫡ϳ
ƶȵĽ֮ۡӹˣ̺֮ӽˡֻһʱڸ˵ƫ
ۣΪڶΪ߿һ֡񹲷ߵĿԡ24ʵ
ںרҲΪ߿һԺܺõһѡ˲ŵİ취
ִйѵõƽһƶȡйŴҲΪƾһ
õ˲ѡΰ취ƾôɺͶݰշϣǰ
1300֮ã 

    ң߻˿ƾ˹ĵ𣬽ĩԺ԰˹ĵ
ͬڶԿƾƵСȷʵˡ䡢Ϊϸ˶԰˹
ҵУĩΪɽǱ˹ͣ˵˹
İܻ˲Ųڷ壬ĩΪ˹ĵйƶ
Щۻ϶԰˹ĶԿƾƱġңĩ
ʿΪϿƾٶ˹ƾ˵һǴضʱе
򡣿ǷϿƾٺ൱һʱڣǶֻظƾٵ
ϲ϶ƾһɵۣڽΪ˶Ϊƾ
һܻƶȡ

    ΪƾƽǷϿƾƵı׶˺;ޣֻйпƾٵ
Ѷ꣬ظҪ֤ǣƾʵϲ
ӡеôӣ޶ǿ˵ƾһƶȣ
˵ġǶҲƾ١һǳḻĴԶġ
֡ô򵥣ǲӦ俴һʣӦðѡƾ١һ
25

ΪƾƽǻƾƵıĿƾƵıĿǻʷ
ıĿƾƣԺĩҲΪѧıݱѧ
ڡġʱҲһЩ˵һǴǸȫ͹۵
ΪԺѧֵȼƽƾڶ˵ĿȻ
ܻʵǿƾƱ̫ǶԿƾƵƫ̫Դĩ
١ħ˻ͣڸĩʿäĿпƾƵĽ׶Ρ
ؽԴƣķжϡ

ΪƾƽΪĬĹ˵˵ɸѡƾٵĹ
ɡĬĴΪƾƽҲСĻᣬⲿ
ֹ֮ҡʵϣŴԿƾĿ϶ҪԶԶڸۡƪ
ڴ˲ϸо١ڿƾٸĸȲ漰Ȩ򣬿йŴ
ʱ൱̶ȵɵġʱ⣬ʲô
ԷԼԿƾٿԱĸĿֻҪרͳεĵߡ
ƾٲãҲΪƾٳ޸衣ڻɿŴƾٵ
֣ⷽ峯ĩ걻һŴˣû˸ΪĿ
ƾٵۡ

ΪƾƽΪѡŻƽпƾƶɺܶ⣬û
пƾƶָ⡣ƾвõķ棬ûпƾٽָ
Թйһᣬϵ
ҪáΪ˷ֹķģʹ᲻״̬й˷
ԣԿΪάṫƽĵڷȻѡ޷
УǧǶԵȡʿ׷˷ϡ
ʵжԡ׷һ̫ϵỷУԵѡŻ
ȫ濼ˡʧܶաƾʱηϿƾȴвͨʷʵ˵
һ㣬ĸƼϴѧߺʢеʵҲ˵һ㣬ǰЩ걣
͸ϴѧ컯Ϊ͹ٲ񡱵Ҳ֤һ㡣ƾʷ߿
ʵһ۱˵ѡžкõļֵ

ڵȼɭϵľʱĿƾƣӿ˵Ŵ񣬾
ĳЩʱɣȻӹԡƽȾʽ˵һִԣ
ƽŵľʽгԽʱƾƿԽйͬ
Լǲͬ͹Ҷ㷺ʵУΪѡ˲ŵ߼
ֵáƾѷֹѡŷʽȴûжҲͣգ
ִᣬ1300ƾٿ۵ķḻ̽ѵԵ
ֿԸĸвοֵ

20059½ӭйƾٰӦζԴƾݳض
ĻŲʷҲģйʵпƾƳ900꣬ƾں
ϵӰڿƾйϵӰ졣ڿƾʱҲС
Ʊףë١1980ٿԿƾоΪ
ȫʷѧᡣ1994꣬Ϊ˼ƾٿ԰ֹ100꣬
ģʢЧģƾٿԣڳɾݴѧĿƵԣȫ
ӦԵѧԱУּƿȡ״ԪŰ󻹾ˡ硱
״Ԫʽ֮󣬺֡ƾʢΪ˲ú
ȵĻŲԿԺͿĻļ̳СΪƾٷԴصйڿ
Ʒֹ1002005꣬ǵ˾ƬƾƵʱˡ
26

עͣ
1 ٹ桷Һϼļ֮23л֣1989꣬68
ҳ
2 ｨҵȣȪѡʦѧ磬1998꣬21ҳ
3 ɽخԻɽȫ1445ҳ
4 ʣйոˡѧо磬2001꣬323ҳ
5 ־ƣסĴ磬1991꣬178ҳ
6 Ǯ£ʷ̨ۡ嶫ͼ鹫˾1984꣬114-115ҳ
7 Ǯ£йεʧ꣬2001꣬89ҳ
8 ѧΪйҪƾѧŴѧѧ19994ڡ
9 ۣƾ١˲š˲뾭áᡢĻչڶ
йϵ˲ֻļϴѧ磬19969³
棬263-265ҳ
10 磺ȫʿ˲ŵʱշֲ໥ϵйĻ
1999궬֮
11 ְƴƾ˼ƾٿԵסսѧԺѧ
19991ڡ
12 ͣƾٹƵļƶѧ塷ս1996
6ڡ
13 ºƾйѧ19965ڡ
14 Ԫƾơ񡢻Ρʷء200211ڡ
15 W. A. P. Martin, A Cycle of Cathay, or China, South and North with 
Personal Reminiscences, Edinburgh and London, 1896, pp. 42-43.
16 壺ƾƶƶӰ̽йѧ20015ڡ
17 壺ƾѧͻعˡŴѧѧ19993ڡ
18 ѣʷ155ѡ־
19 ԪԴ8ʫ򡷡
20 M..A.P. Martin, A Cycle of Cathay, or China, South and North with 
Personal Reminiscence. Edinburgh and London, 1896, p.43. 
21 ŷޣŷҹ113·ȡӡ
22 棺԰ż¼44񲿡3ѡ١Ƴ
23 أ¼2
24 񣺡ϳȫͳһ߿ơ19986ڡ
25 壺֪ͨſƾ١о200312ڡ
26 20059£ŴѧߵȽչо뱱ѧйŴʷо
ŴѧϾٰ조ƾƾѧѧֻᣬԼйƾ
ֹ100ֿ꣬̽ƾѧķչ⡣

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