                      ˿µϣ20050203գ

05.02.02ûи
05.02.03, ӡˡ
05.02.03, ۡȻ˵ǵһλġ
05.02.03, ˭ȨϾ
05.02.03, ˼Ϊʲô˽ΰգ
05.02.03, һä˽ΰйƼѧס
05.02.03, hmbcmƴBBS˽ΰ¼һЩۡ
05.02.03, asymmetrical˽ΰ¼һЩ
05.02.03, fractalѡȻ־ѧ꾭NobelĹϵ
05.02.03, ѧܹйһ𣿡
05.02.03, һЩѧԸ
05.02.03, 塶йߵȽչˡ

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                       ˡ

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    ӡХһλ˵ռ侲򡰵ˡ͡
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ۣΪ乫˾Ʒ档ýȴΪѹ档
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ˣһЩֽǿABIоίԱرŷᡰܳ
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Դ󽱡ʹӢдڴˡ֪ABIǡ
ѧᡱAmerican Biographical Instituteдͻִѧ
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ϱ˵յѧţϲΪѡ2005
֪ʶ֮顷500֮һӵװٿȫ飬뽻795Ԫ


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2005.1.13.

ʱܱ2005.2.2.

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Ȼ˵ǵһλ


2005/02/01  ¾ 

ѡηȻΪȻ˳ӦȻһȷ̬ȣ
ȫ޳ɡηȻһЩ˳ȻݻΪһ
̸˾ΪȻǰӦһζ˳ӡΪǾߵһ
ˣ֮ǳֹҲԲ˵
 
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𣬼ظı˾ֲȻҪûЩͲн
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۽ڣ漮㽭ˣ1945㽭ݣΪϺѧйʷ
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ʵȦȦƻйȫίԱᣨCNC-IGBPίԱйغʷоḱ᳤
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ʷרҵίԱίԱϺʷѧḱ᳤л񹲺͹
ʷͼί༭εȡҪС˿ڵ
1986꣩ͳһѣйʷʾ1994꣩й
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꣩δռ䡤Ȼռ䡷Ϻ1998꣩й˿ʷ
ѧ2003꣩ǧ֮֮ϼռǡؽ
2003꣩ȡ 

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˭ȨϾ
Ҳ̸ӡ뾴ηȻ

йоԺ

־ɷпԺԺʿӲһƪΪпԺԺʿ
ӣ뾴ηȻӵ̸ݲһƪйȻѧ
˼ضָǹҵȱҪչˮ緢չˮվ
ˮӡˮ⣬һЩʿڶ̬İԣɴ˴
ţǺһ⣺ΪȻΪ
𰸿϶ǣΪȻʿַѣΪʲôҪ
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һǡ־Ĵ⡰󵼡˶ߣʹ۷ʹ
ָãתۿշġǷӦþηȻʵ
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󣬽ķʽǷҪηȻ
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˵ҵĶηһͷϲõǿգһ
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Ϊʲô˽ΰգ

ߣ˼

֧˽ΰԱ˺˿˶ûʵڳţ
˭жţڱ˶ʼˡѧУͿƴԴס

֧˵ˣûһ˵й¹ȫְǹֱ׳
˵ֻҪйԸ⡢¹֪˺ɡ

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˽ΰȻŵںΪʲôҪáʮܳꡱҪ˵
ԭҪõģûܱȥˣȥ죬ƴῪ


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ڻǺġˣʱҲǱǮϿй
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գǩ˫ݺͬ¡˰յ£ָˣΪţ
ΪţɶաأSCHONǶʮƪNatureļ¼û
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ȣ϶SCHONļ¼챣йˣ˽ΰSCHON¼
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˵Ӧñ˸˿ƽ̨Ҫ۾ͱۣҪӣ
Ҫ֣ܰѱ˵ͷϡǵķǳˣ
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йֽֽ˽ΰǡС˹̹֧Ҳû˭ȥǸ
ҪƽȥǱϷͥӡ˿ΪʲôǱ˵
֡

Experimental Demonstration of a Nondestructive Controlled-NOT 
Quantum Gate for Two Independent Photon Qubits
Zhi Zhao,1,2 An-Ning Zhang,1 Yu-Ao Chen,1 Han Zhang,1 Jiang-Feng 
Du,1 Tao Yang,1 and Jian-Wei Pan1,2 

1Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and 
Technology of 
China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China 
2Physikaliches Institut, Universit?t Heidelberg, Philisophenweg 12, 
69120 Heidelberg, Germany 

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˽ΰйƼѧ

ߣһä

ܶйѧԺܳ˲š˼ƻ߽
ѧ߽ƻƸڣڹӵй̶ְλstaff faculty
̶ְλpostdocstaff֮䣩ˣԸĹ
ѡλ᲻òҪѡߵĿоѣ˲ź;ѵλǺλ
ɼҪָ꣩ѡλ齨飬ʵûеλѡ
ңָӣҪͨʼϰʱ侭绰ΪڵĿ
ӰĹЩ˲⹤λ볤ٻ򾭳ٻ
ֻҵʱݼٵʱпרעڵĿо˽ΰܹʱ
ڹġ˼ƻƸûбȡ϶õУ֧֣
ͱѧԺȥһЩȡ˼ƻƸڵҪô
ѡλûа취סҪôѡλûиǳʵδڵ
йƼѧƸ˽ΰڹûйƼѧоɹ
йƼѧйоɹǿɳܵģʹߵλйƼ
ѧҲҪ߷ͨѶϵˣҲֻΪоΪ˵Ŀ
ף˽ΰĹϰ弰˲ģۣ

йƼѧҲʵΪʵһ壬ƴġ
ܴܵʧ˽ΰйƼѧΰƭľйƼ
ѧάһ顣

ȤĶ߿ԵԼλϵԺڹӵй̶ְλƸ
ÿڹʵʵĹʱ䣬Ƿ񳬹3¡г뾳ӡǲ
ɵñ˿յĳ̶ȣͨʱñ߷ټ顣

ӣ
л񹲺͹פ־͹ʹݽ
http://www.edu-chinaembassy.de/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=
147 
йѧԺ½ http://www.caspe.ac.cn/news/new313.html
ѧ߽ƻ 
http://www.cksp.edu.cn/index1.htm 
ϲѯ http://www.cksp.edu.cn/gb/sub1_datasearch.htm 
ߵѧУһƸڸλѧƼϸƸڡ 
http://www.cksp.edu.cn/gb/sub1_datasearch.htm
йƼѧƸΰƸƸκͬ 
http://www.cksp.edu.cn/gb/news/sub_news_17.htm 
ѧҵѧ廪ѧֱƸѦ¡׸ڵ
ƸƸκͬ http://www.cksp.edu.cn/gb/news/sub_news_15.htm 
ѧڶƸڳµԪƸƸκͬ 
http://www.cksp.edu.cn/gb/news/sub_news_13.htm 

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ƴBBS˽ΰ¼һЩ

hmbcm

ͨ򵥼ó˽Ҫڵ¹֮ʱɿƴĳ
»عɣÿٵΪƴ20Сʱ
пƴfull-timeµ廪һpart-timeǲ
ɵġ

ƴBBSϺ󿴵һЩۡ

ЩǳԿƴͬѧʦ֮ڵģ˾ȣܲ󻰡
ƴBBSϣЩ۳ֱӷӳ˵൱һйѧ
ʦԷɺ͹Įӡ

------

е˾һѧУҲδһЩֻ3Ĺ״!
ֻҪ˽ΰй¹˵Ҫֱ׳ֲ
ܸ¾ˣĹôʲô
˼ţ,㲻ţ,ô

------

Ǿ˵ǿǶԽ׽ķ¶ӸȺܶ
ǽ׽˵СöˡⲢܸıǶԷ򸾻Ƿʵ

Ҿⲻţţ⣬˵Ϊǿһع
ΪʱָǱҪ.

ҺÿƴBBSϲ˶ӷ棬һһͬѧۣ
Դ˽β

ƶȱݣָ޸ġǼȻƶ˾ͱȥء
Ϊţһ棬رԴ

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˽ΰ¼һЩ

asymmetrical

ҸΪܹýĻ˽ڵ֤ݣΪý˭
֪ǣ䶯ЧӦ

ͬʱΪһѧˣרо֮࣬˽ڿܷһЩʶԵĴ
ִ֮٣ڱ˿ȷһֱȽصĴЩ
ǶӦ⣬Ͼ߹ȵ

ǣҸΪڴڹĹʱӦأܲ󣬻
Ҳãȫƹڹڵڣ涼ҿ϶Ը˵ĳ
Ӱ졣ⲻ÷£ڹ״ձͿ
ǵģΪһڵǽΪ˷£ͬʱһģ
𾴵Ľڲִ᷸

⣬Ϊѧã˽ΰȲܡҸ
ΪҲɣʵϣܹڵѧΧô1997󣬴ӹ
Ĳڹڵȫƹ˲ţȡ˺עĿĳɼ
˽Ļѧ绯ѧĽ׽ڣڻѧͷ˶ƪJACS, 
Angew£2004ͬNature⣬Ϻл2005
ˡOMCOS 13 Award (19972001ΪSpringer award)ý
ڽлѧлϳҪ׵ʮµĿѧңÿ
һ죬Ĺʴ󽱣Ӹýǰһǵ
ѧĹʷ

(1) OMCOS 9, 1997, Prof. Shu Kobayashi, Tokyo
(2) OMCOS 10, 1999, Prof. Erik M. Carreira, ETH Zurich
(3) OMCOS 11, 2001, Prof. Greg Fu, MIT, Cambridge
(4) OMCOS 12, 2003, Prof. Kyoko Nozaki, Tokyo

Ƕרڹоǲܳɹģο˽ڿƴ
ʱ˺͡

ԣҸϣܹһԲĽͣҲСٺת
˿µʱ©ԭ

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ѡȻ־ѧ꾭NobelĹϵ

ߣfractal

    Nobelѧ1955굽һ
50Σд·£

1. һ18λ񽱣ռ1/3󲿷ֻ񽱹
Phys Revϵ־ϣ־Ҳзݣ1999
ߵĵý·Nuvcl Phys Bϡ

   ý࣬ľ޴չ
Ƿֲġ

   صĺһ4λ񽱣񽱹
ǷNucl Phys Aϡ

2. ̬һ17λ(1978һϵ)
Ҳռ1/3󲿷ֻ񽱹ҲǷPhys Revϵ־ϣ
Ҳ־ķݣ1973Josephsonĵý
Phys Lett Aϣ1987ߵĵý·
Z Physics Bϣ1991ߵĵý·J Physicsϣ
2003ߵĵý·JETPϣȵȡ

   1978KapitzaĵýǷ1938Nature
ģһ⡣
 
   ýҲܶ࣬гΪýƣ
ʮչء

3. ԭӷ͹ѧһ7λ񽱣񽱹Ƿ
Phys Revϵ־ϣ⣬2001ߵĵý·
1995Scienceġ

   ϢҪýý

4. һ5λ񽱣񽱹Ƿ
־APJġ

   ܵ˵ѧNobelýᵽ
Σûзnaturescience档Ͼnaturescience
Ϊۺ־ܺܶҪǷ
ģǱϣҪ¾Ƿ
־棬Phys RevϵС

    ˣ˵nature־İ꾭21ƪ£һ
NobelͳƣýĿԲôĴ󡣱Ͼ
ֻnature־Ҫ£Ҫ£
ҵĽѡȻ־ѧ꾭NobelĹϵ

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ѧܹйһ

Уѡ

ǰʾĳѧͬĿƵ
ѧߡϸЩ˻ɳѧǷֱһ䣻
ѧ߾ΪĿģ˿˳ѧߵҵԳѧ
ѡҲ˻ɡԱѧΪĿƵĳѧˣѧ
˿ѧ֣Ӣ굤1998-2003ѯųԼ
֮⣬˵ͱֱΪ 316/851֣ 27/31
굤 34/82Ӣĵѯ굤Ϊ㡣˵Щǹٮ
ٮߣмڹͬѧѧȣ˿ѧΪΪ˿ѧ
ĳѧ٣ֽزѯϣǷѧɫ
ͱ϶У? 143/318 90/120־ 70/117
϶˾Ϊڣ¹ 84/101 51/74ϣ 36/50
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йѧˮƽķ֮һ⣬ڳеһѧԺԭ
ϵ͸ĳɡĳĳѧԺϵεƬҲӡˡĳĳѧԺԺ
ѧУУҲԺﶼŤܣԾ˵͵Ű
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ԼǰЩѾĹĴѧһЩҲóⷽŬģȻû׼
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еڶ𣿶һЩǮͽʵڲȡ滹һϾ
պѧʳǸܹҪڵö࣬Ӧþ龡
ΪйպѧʾУġйպ족ԺУݡ

ʵѧƣѧУĳɡйʵѧ
ͬԺУۺ죬Ҳûޡ

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ҪǸĳˡйʦѧǶʦѧʦѧʦ
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šӰѧԺӡˢѧԺѧԺ֪ѡĳ
йǷԵ˶໹֧ڣ

⻹һЩйѧȻԼĳа
20⹢ڻȻͲˡй񡱵Ĵ
ԼŬɣƾѧѧ롱ȡй
ĲҲνرѧֵܶ࣬ƶѧ࣬
뱾Ӧöֵ֧

ƼѧѧУʵԭСѧԺڹվ
ҲһɻǡԺѧơƹƣ˼ҺϷ
ġйƼѧҲһ£ܲٸɣο
ʵҲ֪֮ɡ

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йߵȽչ
ԽܷһҪĸߵȽͳΪ



ŸߵѧУк͸ߵȽڻĿйߵȽչĹ
ģٶΪߵȽ۵ȵ֮һҪ̽һ⣬
ʱȽоعйߵȽչʷ̡ԵйߵȽ
չ̶ȴҶϤߵȽķչ״ʹһЩߵȽ
רҵоҲ̫˽⡣Խһ1931ȵĸߵȽͳΪģ
ںȽϺ򿼲ĻϣйߵȽеλ֮
ˣпԿй߸ߵȽڻ·ıҪԺͽԡ

һߵȽڻʱ֮Ƚ

ѧ޹ڸߵȽڻۣëѧʴﵽ15%ϱ
ߵȽڻ׶ΡڣҸߵȽëѧѳԽ
15%żѳ50%ߵȽռ׶Σң෢չй
Ҳ׷׽ڻ׶Ρ1995ȫëѧܼ16.2%з59.6%
ߵǱ84%չйƽ8.8%17.3%
12.5%޹ɱ1965ëѧΪ19%1980꺫̩ëѧ
ʶ14.7%¼1985Ϊ13.6%1990Ѵ18.6%[1] 1995й
Ƚëѧʲ6.86%2000Ÿճ11%Ȳٷչй󡣵
ȻйĸߵȽչ·ԡڴž޴ĳһЩ
ũеȽδռڶгʵëѧԶֹ
15%ˡˣйߵȽֲһЩڻǴڻڵĽ׶
⣬1998ǰйߵȽͳҲȫ棬ѧԿû
ͳƷΧʹ1999ԺѧԿıҲ͡[2] 
Σ緶Χ1998ǰйߵȽëѧƫ͵ġ

1ÿ˿иߵȽѧȽϱ[3]
𡡡ݡÿ˿иߵȽѧ
̨1993274(305)
й½199219
ۡ198985
¼¡1991103
ձ1992228
1993383(477)
ӡȡ198663
1990411(569)
ô󡡡1991525
Ӣ1990209
1991323
¡1991257
1991266
Ĵǡ1991309
1991379
ǡ1990114
1990134
ǰ1989183

˲ëѧʵָ֮⣬ʱͨеһֺߵȽ̶
İ취Ǽÿ˿иߵȽѧǿһ1991ǰһЩҺ͵
ÿ˿иߵȽѧ˽йҸߵȽչĲ
1 

ɴ˿ɼ1992й½ÿ˿иߵȽѧ19ˣȱи
١ʱͳδ˸ߵȽʹϳ˸ߵȽ
й½ҲܸߡرǽпɱԵ˿ڴӡȣ1986ÿ
63ѧйࡣȻйߵȽϵλ
ʼˣǾͽ˵ġ

1931йߵȽչλ

ʱڣйĸߵȽйȲķչ1930ǰ󣬽
ѧйһȶõķչʱڡ1931ߵȽʷ
һҪݣϸȫߵȽͳơ19337£
ߵȽ˾ӡˡʮȫߵȽͳơһ飬19355
ġһйƪͳơݻ1931
ݡеġѧУͳơһĸߵȽͳϣ
ߵȽ˾ƵġҹʮȸߵȽҪ֮Ƚϡͳ
г1930ǰйڵ28ҵĸߵѧУѧÿУƽ
ѧÿѧ֮ԱԼ˿ÿ˿֮ѧ
ؿʱйߵȽϵλáԭйⰴ
ѧΪ˱ڱȽԵͨԭе
ݸñݰÿ˿еĴѧб£2

21931йߵȽҪұȽϱ[4]
ͼ{}

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ϱɼ70ǰҪҸߵȽչĴ֡˿ѧ
ı28Уͼôһңңȣ뵱
ߵȽϵĵλһ¡ϷǵʱλҲʮֿǰµе
3ϷǵλѺˡӱе5λ23λŷ
޺ʹ޹ҡձ24λÿ˿дѧ6йڵ27λÿ
˿дѧ1ǵ28λӡȣ0.33ʱй47ǧ
˿ڣУѧ44167ڽ쿴ѧ࣬ԶԶ
ңʱϴ󲿷ֹҸߵȽӡйкܴĲ
࣬һЩûнеĹҵĴѧ͸΢ˣˣ1931й
ߵȽǿǰġȻʱϹ
ô࣬ڵǵڶս½ġȻҲ൱
̶˵йĸߵȽеλǲ̫ġ

УͬΪչйҵ˿ڴӡйһҪĲ
ϵȻʱйߵȽС̫
ÿ˿ܸߵȽٱӡȸ߳ࡣ1986꣬ӡÿ˿
дѧ63ˣй½1992ȴֻ19ˣʹϳ˸Уѧ
Ҳӡ١ʲôԭʹйߵȽķչģٶܵӰ죿
֮󣬿ԿܵձֻսĴݲУӳԶ
ԭ1947ġڶй19271945ȫߵȽ
սڸߵȽнϴķչ뿴±(3)

319271945йߵȽſͳƱ[5]
ͼ{}

ӱ31927-1945֮䣬1937꿹ս¸ߵѧУ
ѧֶٴ⣬йߵȽǴһķչʱڡ
1940Ժ󣬸ߵѧУУ1936꣬սʤ1945
꣬ߵѧУﵽ¼141У834988꿹սиߵѧУУ
1ڡƽʱսʱսʱƽʱ˼ָ£ս
ʱڸߵȽȲսʤ󣬸ߵȽȻչȻ
ڽսһ̶ϵսҵӰ죬δִĲ

1949йʱиߵѧУ205У116504˺󲻾ý
ԺϵУı䶯У1957иߵ
ѧУ229ѧ441181˺3Ծ1960ߵѧУ1289
У9616231961Ժʼѹ1965УΪ434ѧ
6744361966ꡰĻߵѧУ4ȫֹͣʹ
1970꿪ʼչũѧҲ١ֱ1977ָ߿֮й
ȽȲչĹ1999УߵȽֽһٷչʱ
ڡ



϶Խ70йߵȽļҪعˣǿԵóʶ

1.йߵȽεԼرԡķչҪΡáĻ
ԼߵȽķչΡõķչءͨͬ
Ρ÷չĹϵԶǽΪӵģСѧУ˥䶯
ȱ仯ӰҲСߵȽͬѧû
ȵĹϵֱӶеġֱ仯ߵĵѧУӰ죬׵
ǸߵȽ[6] δͳѧйĸߵѧУ
ٶԿԣʹǹŴ˽ѧԺҲˡӹйĸߵȽ
ܵεǿԼйִߵȽչߵٴη
أ1958ߵȽٷչǡԾĲ1966-1976
ȽȵǡĻɵĶйߵȽչ
һŷǺġˣ۲йߵȽչ
̺ԤδʱӽǼΪҪһ档

2.ߵѧУڱСչ70йߵȽ˾޴
ķչӺȽ1990йܸߵȽ˿ڵı
λȴ⡣йÿ˿дѧıȻ27λ
Ǻֵ˼ġʱйߵȽķչ̶Զڷչйҵƽ
ˮƽ1995귢չйҵĸߵȽëѧƽΪ8.8%йֻ6.86%[7]
λõҪڡĸʮĵ͵ˡ20й
˳ķչϵľõλ˺ܴߣߵȽӦӦ
нϴķչ19992000УйߵȽëѧѳ11%
ѻߵȽڻżͷΪһĴߵ
ĹģȻġ

3.ߵȽӦڳԶ滮ĻϽطչ˵ߵȽķ
չҪʵϣйضκ;Ʊ䶯Ӱ죬
йߵȽģŵԲǲɱġڸߵȽģŵ
䷢չٶȷСչ죬󻹻ߵȽķ
չӰ죬ˣڸߵȽģŵĹУӦ䡣
[8] йߵȽʷּڸϳʱӴš֧Ųʱּɲ
йߵȽչľѵֽ̣һ
ǽһʷòҪݡķչڳԶ滮Ļ
ϽȻʵʵķչһƽߣӦʹ
ҪйߵȽչʷǵʾ


οס

[1]UNESCO, Statistics Year Book,1980,1989,1997,Part 17-67.
[2]壬֣ᣮѧйߵȽڻҪ; [J]
ߵȽо1999,(5).
[3]٣Ӣȣս̨ߵȽ뾭÷չ [M]
Ŵѧ磬1996238ҳ(15)ƳɡԭΪߵȽѧռ˿
ǧֱȣΪÿ˿иߵȽѧְ̨
ѧרƲУ֮ݣֺдѧѧԺ
֮ݡ
[4]һйͳƪͳƣһѧУͳƣ
꣬1934.29.
[5]ݵڶйӡݣ19481400ҳء
ȫרѧУſͳƱƳɣ
[6]壮йߵѧУУʷ׷ [J]о1994.(5).
[7]лйߵȽڻչ·о [D] ţŴѧ
ʿģ2000.96.
[8]л򣬻̹20°ҶйߵȽģչо [J]
о2001,(2).
ֿδעͣ
ԭֻƲ

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