                      ˿µϣ20050919գ

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05.09.19, 䡶Ӽ֮ٿˮ

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пԺѡԺʿФŦԼѧҽѧԺʱα

ߣˮл

ԴФ͸Ϻļ٣ҾͻطҲ
١Ȼ¶ͬõĹٷּαͿ֮
ŦԼѧҽѧԺְʱڸĳɸڡϤӢƵľ֪Ф
˰ӢɷѧߵͷΣдFellow Visiting scholar  
visiting fellow, ͺܼܶ˲⣬һũѧѧ
˶ʿûSCI£εºܣӢֱʦ
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ӣرǻԥҪҪейMDǣһаڿһ
è壬ڼ¡ѧ磬ŵһ͵ļ˵ɶ˼
ɶ˲Щ⣬û˻Ϊм١͸ܶͬ˺ܴķ
ӿռ䡣ʹѧϰһФ͸ŦԼѧҽѧԺһݵ2000
ѧУϵ FacultyҳĽܣһФܹΪڵһЩС
š

1 ܳФǰͬҽѧԺƵĽںϵΡ֪
Ф1997һְλģФԼְλǰ10꣡

2 2000꣬ФѾͬҽѧԺƵĽںϵν3꣬ŦԼ
ѧҽѧԺ󲢲֪飬򲻻WAS һȥʱ

3 ܳƴ1987굽2000꣬Ф23ƪġ֪
ĿһֻоĿФαĵĿ־
ɼ󣬶Ӧα첻ģ˲鲻ˡ

4 ˵ФйͿʼڼ˲еͨо
һƪ˵ФйѾʮȡüý
һЩı

5 ˵Ф1994õһ80ԪNIHФ˼
Ȼdirect costҪһ

6 һЩʱ޷ԡ

С᣺ССһνܣ˶Ĳ֮Ҷ󣬿ɼФ
֮һ˼Faculty,һͷֻФһ
״ࡣФƽʱڿ˵Ҳе㲻ᡣ

οף

http://138.5.102.102/Urology/site_pages/faculty.html
Chaun-Guo Xiao, MD - Prior to coming to the USA, Dr. Xiao was 
Professor and Chairman of the Department of Urology at the Tongji 
Medical University in the People Republic of China.

In 1988, he took a position as instructor in urology and 
neuroanatomy and research fellow at the Eastern Virginia Medical School, 
Department of Urology. In 1990, he was appointed assistant professor 
in the Department of Urology at SUNY C Downstate. Dr. Xiao has 
published 23 papers dating back to 1987. He published his first paper 
on the new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury in 
the Journal of Urology in 1990.

Dr. Xiao initiated his work on the development of new 
neuropathways with spinal cord injury patients in China and has 
carried that research forth in the United States. . The Paralyzed 
Veterans of America awarded him 2 grants in 1990 and 1992 for this 
research. In 1994, he was granted an $800,000 NIH award and then in 
1999, an NIH grant for almost $4 million for the development of a 
"skin-CNS-bladder reflux pathway for micturition."

In 1998 he was awarded an AUA fellowship in neurourology. Since 
1993, he has been a NIH consultant and a member of its grant review 
process.

http://biomedcom.downstate.edu/Urology/site_pages/faculty.html
Faculty Members:
Last Update: 10/3/00
Chaun-Guo Xiao, MD - Prior to coming to the USA, Dr. Xiao was 
Professor and Chairman of the Department of Urology at the Tongji 
Medical University in the People Republic of China.

In 1988, he took a position as instructor in urology and 
neuroanatomy and research fellow at the Eastern Virginia Medical School, 
Department of Urology. In 1990, he was appointed assistant professor 
in the Department of Urology at SUNY C Downstate. Dr. Xiao has 
published 23 papers dating back to 1987. He published his first paper 
on the new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury in 
the Journal of Urology in 1990.

Dr. Xiao initiated his work on the development of new 
neuropathways with spinal cord injury patients in China and has 
carried that research forth in the United States. . The Paralyzed 
Veterans of America awarded him 2 grants in 1990 and 1992 for this 
research. In 1994, he was granted an $800,000 NIH award and then in 
1999, an NIH grant for almost $4 million for the development of a 
"skin-CNS-bladder reflux pathway for micturition."

In 1998 he was awarded an AUA fellowship in neurourology. Since 
1993, he has been a NIH consultant and a member of its grant review 
process.


http://biomedcom.downstate.edu/Urology/pdf/UROLOGY%20NEWSLETTER%20doc.pdf

State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn
Downstate Medical School
Department of Urology
ALUMNI UPDATE
2000
5. Dr. Xiao, our research urologist has received a nearly $3 
million grant from the NIH to further his work in creating new neural 
pathways. He has performed the operation in his native China on 
several dozen patients with excellent results. A truly remarkable 
achievement if his current success continues and is independently 
verified.

http://www.eeo-edu.com/newscenter/details.asp?news_id=2653
̱ӵ
»人£ר磨 人ЭҽԺ״Ḻ̌
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人ЭҽԺоڣ걻ΪȻѧش⣬
ȥֻͨˡƽ꣩

Դ:» ʱ:2000-9-4 11:29:42 

(XYS20050919)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.dyndns.info)

пԺԺʿѡФڵġФϰװ

ߣniupi

Ƕν繫ϵġФԭФϷ仡 Ф
ţʵϣһƪｲģЩФXXе
顣ȻФϵһǻʵФϵ䷢ˣǾΪ
֪ġФϰװФΪФXXФϰװ
Ӧ÷ȡõĳɹЧԶԶФXX

Фϰװ壺ʵһƭ۷ƻľ
ŷȲʵֶһƭ

ФϰװӦóɹФѳɹӦáФϰװΪͬ
ҽѧԺŦԼѧ׬ȡ˵һͰӦáФϰװȡԺʿ
ͷΡ

ФϰװӦʵ

Ϻй¶Фϼhttp: 
//www.ion.ac.cn/seminar/cv4seminars/041210_CGXiao_CV.docָü
 Publication15£ֻƪPublication
10ƪǻժҪһƪBritish J. Cancer û

PublicationsAbstractsֱг

Publications
1. Xiao CG., Du M., Li B., Liu Z. Chen M., Xue XN. Shapiro and Lepor H: 
An Artificial Somatic-Autonomic Reflex Pathway Procedure for Spina 
Bifida Children to Gain Bladder Control J. Urol. In Press.
2. Xiao CG., Du M., Dai C., Li B., Nitti WV. and de Groat WC.: An 
artificial somatic-autonomic reflex pathway for controllable 
micturition after SCI: Preliminary results of 15 patients. J. Urol. 
170:1237-1241,2003.
3. Xiao CG., deGroat, WC., Godec CJ., Dai, C. and Xiao, Q.: 
"Skin-CNS-Bladder" reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord 
injury and its underlying mechanisms. J. Urol.162:936-942, 1999
4. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ.: A possible new reflex pathway for micturition 
after SCI. Paraplegia. 32(5):300-307, 1994

Abstracts
1. *** Xiao CG., Godec, CJ., Du, MX., Dai, C., and Xiao, Q.,: A new 
procedure to restore bladder functions after SCI: Preliminary report 
on 14 patients. J.Urol. 159:304A, 1998

2. ***Xiao CG., Godec, CJ., Du, MX., Dai, C., and Xiao, Q.,: Complete 
bladder function restoration by skin-CNS-Bladder reflex pathway 
procedure in spinal cord injured patients. J. Urol. 157:1374A, 1997
3. ***Xiao CG., Godec, CJ., Du, MX.: Skin-CNS-Bladder reflex pathway 
for micturition in spinal cord injury patients. Proceedings of the 
48th Annual Meeting of North Eastern Section American Urological 
Association, Buffalo, New York. September 26-29, 1996.

4. ***Xiao CG. and Godec, CJ.: Mechanism underlying the 
Skin-CNS-Bladder reflex pathway. Proceedings of the 1995 Annual 
Scientific Meeting of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia, 
New Delhi, India. 2-4 November 1995

5. ***Xiao CG., Godec, CJ: Grunberger, I. and Macchia, RJ.: 
Skin-CNS-Bladder reflex pathway for micturition after SCI in cat. J. 
Urol. 146:437A, 1992

6. ***Xiao CG., Schellhammer, PF., Castle, M., and Brothman, AR.: 
Effect of MgCl2 on intracellular mitomycin C concentration. J. Urol. 
145:66A, 1991

7. ***Xiao, CG., Grunberger I., and Godec, CJ.: "Skin-CNS-Bladder" 
reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury. (Abstract #749) 
22nd Congress of Society of International Urology, November 3-7, 1991, 
Sevilla, SPAIN

8. ***Xiao, CG., Schlossberg, SM., Morgan, CW. and Kodama R.: A 
possible new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury. J. 
Urol. 143:356A, 1990.

9. ***Xiao, CG. and Masters, JRW.: Combined intravesical chemotherapy 
with metal elements. J.Urol. 143:256A, 1990.

10. ***Xiao CG., Godec, CJ.: A "bi-bladder" model for study of cross 
neural communication related to micturition. J. Urol. 153:262A, 1995

ڵ£

Xiao, CG. and Masters, JRW.: Spectrum of differential drug 
sensitivities in vitro of a testicular germ cell tumor. British J. 
Cancer 58:230, 1988.


Фϼегʽĳ⣩

PUBLICATIONS (As First and Corresponding author only)

1. Xiao CG., Du M., Li B., Liu Z. Chen M., Xue XN. Shapiro and Lepor H: 
An Artificial Somatic-Autonomic Reflex Pathway Procedure for Spina 
Bifida Children to Gain Bladder Control J. Urol. In Press.

2. Xiao CG., Du M., Dai C., Li B., Nitti WV. and de Groat WC.: An 
artificial somatic-autonomic reflex pathway for controllable 
micturition after SCI: Preliminary results of 15 patients. J. Urol. 
170:1237-1241,2003.

3. Xiao CG., deGroat, WC., Godec CJ., Dai, C. and Xiao, Q.: 
"Skin-CNS-Bladder" reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord 
injury and its underlying mechanisms. J. Urol.162:936-942, 1999

4. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ., Du, MX., Dai, C., and Xiao, Q.,: A new 
procedure to restore bladder functions after SCI: Preliminary report 
on 14 patients. J.Urol. 159:304A, 1998

5. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ., Du, MX., Dai, C., and Xiao, Q.,: Complete 
bladder function restoration by skin-CNS-Bladder reflex pathway 
procedure in spinal cord injured patients. J. Urol. 157:1374A, 1997

6. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ., Du, MX.: Skin-CNS-Bladder reflex pathway for 
micturition in spinal cord injury patients. Proceedings of the 48th 
Annual Meeting of North Eastern Section American Urological Association, 
Buffalo, New York. September 26-29, 1996.

7. Xiao CG. and Godec, CJ.: Mechanism underlying the Skin-CNS-Bladder 
reflex pathway. Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Scientific Meeting of 
the International Medical Society of Paraplegia, New Delhi, India. 2-4 
November 1995

8. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ.: A "bi-bladder" model for study of cross 
neural communication related to micturition. J. Urol. 153:262A, 1995

9. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ.: A possible new reflex pathway for micturition 
after SCI. Paraplegia. 32(5):300 307, 1994

10. Xiao CG., Godec, CJ: Grunberger, I. and Macchia, RJ.: Skin CNS 
Bladder reflex pathway for micturition after SCI in cat. J. Urol. 
146:437A, 1992

11. Xiao CG., Schellhammer, PF., Castle, M., and Brothman, AR.: Effect 
of MgCl2 on intracellular mitomycin C concentration. J. Urol. 145:66A, 
1991

12. Xiao, CG., Grunberger I., and Godec, CJ.: "Skin CNS Bladder" 
reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury. (Abstract #749) 
22nd Congress of Society of International Urology, November 3 7, 1991, 
Sevilla, SPAIN

13. Xiao, CG., Schlossberg, SM., Morgan, CW. and Kodama R.: A possible 
new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury. J. Urol. 
143:356A, 1990.

14. Xiao, CG. and Masters, JRW.: Combined intravesical chemotherapy 
with metal elements. J.Urol. 143:256A, 1990.

15. Xiao, CG. and Masters, JRW.: Spectrum of differential drug 
sensitivities in vitro of a testicular germ cell tumor. British J. 
Cancer 58:230, 1988.

(XYS20050919)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.dyndns.info)

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ֵʵӵܹʦ˵ٲˮվĹ˾עڳɶǺԴ
˰ƶȹ涨Ӫҵ˰ɣֵ˰롢ʡع
Ϊ޴׵磬ú١ 
Դˮվõľ棬ԶԶСʧ
˵

Щݣ˵㷶Сɹزɿͻ¼һ
ԩ˶ܿѵڶط͹
ҼϼĹϵ˭֪ˮҵ˰Ҫֵ˰ҡʡ
СضзݡҲ˵ԴļԤĲȫȷģ
һļƻô᲻ðרҡ˽˰
ߣȻλΪȫšרңȴҪð侭ѧרңӪ
ҵ˰յɣ뺺ԴҪֹˣҶԡԴ
ˮվõľ棬ԶԶСʧ㷶С˵
⻰ʲôܰļ̺óôҿû
иݵſں˵Ŀֺأ˵ʵڵģڵ϶
ҥڣְҵڻȻЩרҵҥԻ㲻
ҷչˮҪܵˮð侭ѧң䡣

ңºѾԴֵ⣬Ҫڹҵˮ翪
Ӱ쵽һЩ˽ӪСƵĻᣬԣǾͨлߵظɲֶΣ
췴ˮ翪ۡһЩ֯ʿҲзҪá
Сð侭ѧҵ˵͸Щܻⷢ߸ɲõ
ʵˡڣСڱﻹ˵ʲôɹʲôǶö֪
Ҳûһ׷Ļ֣򣬵˭˵ʲôɿ
Ļɹʲô˵ĹЩзϣһʲ
ȫ֪ԣСֳЪ˹ҲԵ޹ʵġһ
ŷСҲʲô⡣ˡֱԣݷС˵ݣҹ
ƷСҲˣļһԵﲻ˾ϲˮƽ
Ȼô˵ӱֽϡСЩ˵С
ͻ¼Ĺ׾ǡûԣ˵㷶Сɹزɿ
ͻ¼ȫʵݵģ˿ûʲô׵֮

Щıֽ֣ѵС˵ǡĵ
ɫ˵й걨ļģǡĵ
ɫôЩĵɫڱ㷶Сĵ
ԣСΪڸԼĵĿ־壬ҳЩݴʣ
òҪãҲԼǰ˵ʲôɹʲôˣ㲻
ͰԼһǮֵˡҾ㷶СܻΪһĵ
ɫɣ

Сڻظл˵˵˼ˮҿĲǣǵͬ־ǡ
ͬ־ɥؼġҽУʵڶԲסˡ˵㷶С˵
Щĵ£һʼˮ翪ҥڣ
ʴʣڷ϶񶾵İˮշʹĿһ
ǷǵɿڵķѵЩҥԽǡ˵ˮ缸䲻ǡô
Լҥԣ͵ûɡԱ˵̸ȴ
С˵ʲôͬ־ǡͬ־ǡġҽСôҿ˫
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С˵ˮ翪Ҫ׬Ǯǿģˮ緹ͬ־ҪԼר
ҵҲġʵ㷶С˵ֱ˻С
ðľѧȷʵˮƽߣ㣬һңˮ翪
ϴǹΪǹҲ⡣ĳЩϲ
г䱾Ҳɹҿƿ磬Ͽĵ۾ǹ
涨ģͲˮ翪Լ۲гԣдˮ
ҵ׬׬ǮҪߵĵءò㷶Сʵ˵ʲ
ô׬Ǯǿġ۹ͨʲô߹ˮ翪ǿ
ˮԴǿԴɳչĴҪɡ
Сⲻⶼÿˮ翪ҵǵڶλģʵĿĵ
ΣˮӵǸ޿ȡģС˵ˮΪ˱֤̬
ˮڿˮλܷҲҪˮٱ1998شˮˮվ
Ϊȷ人İȫˮλˮ˵Щ׬Ǯ
׬Ǯйϵˮ罨Ҳһҹļ󷢵繫˾Ҳǹ
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ĳԶչ𡣲˭ҪӹԴΪ˽ҪӹԴΪ
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ԣСߵ˵ʲôͰڳһӰԡļƣһζȡ
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ĳԶ棬ˮҪһ㡣㲻Ҳ㿴Ĵٲ
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ԹصĴˮˮʩʱҲҪְġû˵
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С˵ͬ־ǡͬ־һ飬Ծӵġ
㣬ǲԾӣҪվȫĸ߶飬ΪҵĳԶ
㻹𲻷ΪеһЩìܣһ
Ⱥڳ£˵ܴȺ?бڵŭҲ
Ⱥڸҿ֪ΪʲôŭİһΪ
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жôˮ翪еһЩʱѺ͸
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˵ʲôΪʲôһᵽXXXũ£ôܻأ
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˭ֻ֣ûһʵݣһ֪Լȥ
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ڽǻܲ۶Ҫˣ۵Ŀ϶ҥˡ
Ҫǲ۾ֱ˵Ҹ㣬㲻ۣҲʵʱ
λȽҷڷӵҥһɢһϵй
ˮӵĵҥԣȫؽ¶ǰһֱΪϾǸ
Ƶļɲϣл׼ΪǸרң
ĹˮӵĺͿڿеҷ㲻ҥ
ڵı´󣬶ƤˣˮƽҲ˹Ŀ࿴ȻҪų˵ʲô
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һ źáս Сûǳס
ȰѾʵڳٷۡĻͰѵҪŹ
мģ򣬾ôһ٣ֻø˶֮Աǡ

(XYS20050919)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.dyndns.info)

˶Ŀ˼

ֳѧйϿܹ˾ܾ

ǰ

ƪҪݳ2003ףΪһݹ⿼д
ģСĹһΣ͸λ쵼ͬ²ģδ㷢2004죬
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һֱעŹڹˮ罨ۣѧýרͨ
оӲӵʵԵøӹ͹ۡڽ
籩еľʹҵ뷨ı䡣ʱһƬˮ繤̵֣
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ϰߡ岻̲סд˵ֻԼ
Ĺһ¶ѡҾȵط֣ҵܸͲУ
Ҳ֪ԭ̳ƽȷ֮ءп֮䣬Ѳ
ĴءȻһӦЩýϽ
дĵĸӡɾֶݡ˵һЩһʱռ
ϡݻĸ⣬û޸ġ

˶ Ѿ

ڣܶǰһȷĸΪķ˶
ʮʮʵϣ˶ʷǰִˮӹ
̵Ľʵͬдġ

ԶսʤӮýʼͽҿ˱Ϊ˶Westward 
MovementʷӰɽȺ֮ľɽԶ
ٵɽ̫ƽ󰶱ߵԶͣٵӿ˰
ڵУũͿҵ˷ḻˮԴ
ɫɫĸ߰ӣmill damfire dammining dampond dam
fields damnavigating damΪĥסɿϴѡȡˮ
˵ȵĿġʮ°ҶػԽϯɽ´Ĵƽԭ
ԶϲʱˡЩɺĵ꽵ѩƽ
20Ӣ磬үĶ޷ũȡ˿ڲĳҲ
Ҫˮͬʱѿľһˣ
ǾϪӿȡȡˮͨıʢĴͳУ
˿ںͲƸѸٻۣȴܵˮв

̽ռұJohn Wesley Powellڡɺر桷
һ޴ˮ̺ͽͥʽũׯţõ
ͬǣ޽ˮҪ޴Դط˽
Ӫ˾ͲԶԶġˣʼˮ̹滮
зãӶؽ뵽رˮԴ͹
Уؼõķչ1902ܹ꣬
ֳͬǰ 1802½ʦź1933
֣Ϊˮˮ翪͡Ӵˣ
ҿոµƪ¡ΪӸװ
ˮΪ

ֳʼ似ͲƽѻĮɻ԰Make the 
desert bloomƻˮӺˮˮ
Ӻ͵ˮĹ̰˹ӡɼˮȡڴڼ䣬
ߺ֯ķ˶ʼ״μҵ潻档Χƺ
ϿȣHetch Hetchy Valleyˮƻ顣

ɽɽмƻ޽Զ̹ˮ̣ˮѡںϿȣϿǡ
ǡλڷ컵Լ׵ٹҹ԰ڡΪ֪Ҳ
ǵ֮һȻ֯ɽؾֲSierra Clubĵߡ
ȻԼѶJohn Muir˳7֮õĿ
ٹµĹע൱㷺Ӧͬʹɽؾֲ𡣼֧˽
˹̵һλ˶䡢Դߡ
ֳ¡ƽФGifford PinchotȨ⻷;
ʧרί191343Ʊ޳25Ʊͨ˺Ͽˮ
᰸õͳ׼˽֮һɳ1923꽨ɣӸ
312Ӣߣ

˺սǰĶʮ꣬ӵĵһ߳μҡڼҡ
ʵҵҺˮˮרͬЭԾʹΪĶ๦ˮŦ
ݱӡӡάӡɳ˹ӶһʱڽɡЩĿ
ĽּʵˮԴƻColorado River CompactColumbia 
Basin ProjectƻElectrification of the Westǿ
ȫľʵۺϹʿĬĺ
ҲϣˮӵĵӮ˶սӺͰά
ķսʱȫڸߺܵķɻͺ˵ԭе

սӵĵڶ߳ܽӹȻܷ飬
󣬵һʱɵˮ࣬аһЩ̣
װӡӣȫߣ770Ӣߣʯӣվȡ
ӰķӰҲ١ݺͿݽ޽ȣEcho 
Park CanyonˮļƻҪҹ԰ĵؽ磬ڶýҲվڷ
֯һߡ˹֤ԻȽƻȡȻ
ػȡʤաΪ֯ͬ˽ģ
޼ĸװӣߺڣԴ¹ڻھʮȫ
װӵĹơǺ󻰣˺ڴʯ(Marble Canyon
޽ˮļĿ顣ˮβĴϿ¶Σ
ӰȻۡ˿ǰĿ˳ڡŦԼʱʢ
ɼʱ濹棬źѩƬƵķɽ
񲿳˸Ŀƻ

ع˹ȥؿ˶ѾãԺδ
һЩĴӾȨʧˣҲһЩӼƻڷ
ǿҶȡٵķǴȻǵİȥ˼
áг顣ʵϣӷ֮
ŸΡᡢƽ͵Ҳ֯ŸѧƼļ
ҵҵڻӪڣӷҲǳҡ
ϿȽУ˫ĴѶƽФǻ˶
йػҰԴõţγȻԴ˼
ɣԻ˼ݽߵƶԶӰ졣Զֹ
һˮˮ繤̱ύ֤ѯڳǷ۱
УԼѡ

ǳ˵ʷΪºķʽȥлǰ˵
Ϊʱ̣ȴǰ˾ǻۺء
죬ʿ˽ˮɵĴ£Ѿˣ
ڽŸɡҵĿҵòֽۡȻ޷жʷ
Ƿȫһѡ񣬻߻ֵĸĽǣЩ
ڰƮڸϿ𾴻ݵӢͳ
̽ռҵȵΪЩӡˮеĴӼˮһȻ
ϰƵĹ۹Ϳ1996˻洫ⰲžӶ
ͨʱڰϹҳһ160׸70׿һְصľ޷Ϊ
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ĽӹͲϣŨīزʵĵλ˹ͳһˮˮ
ϤλںϽ˿˷ˣI cameI sawand I was 
conqueredĸ֡˹ͳеġˮˮ
ӹ̵Ľ衣һλ¶ࡤ˹ͳ˾ʷ
ͳڽӷֳǷƽѶƽФΪ
ѣںϿһмᶨ֧ƽФ޳ɽӣԱĹ
ִֺͿ֣ͬʹáȻԴĿɳչ˼룬
һȻԴᣬΪͻָȻԴ˽ܳף
Ϊͳ˵ѧʵҲĳɷ֣¶ࡤ˹
ͳȻᾭ÷չͳһǶĽǶȥ
μңҲһλ߳ľҡϴͳɽͻʢ
١ܸѷֿϲǲΪġ

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ڷ˶УЩ˸ΪĲšҲʱ
ӡˮ翪ôأȴˮ
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ʵ˭ҲӵжˮӣǰᵽĴС
ˮӶϵĻܳǰ񲿳ͱؾݹ
ƽÿ춼Ҫһˮӡ½ʦˮ¼ı׼
1. Ӹ6Ӣˮ50ӢĶӢˮԼ6ף2. ˮ
15ӢĶӢˮҰӸ25Ӣϣ3. ӻΣ˵ز
ʧߡֻҪκһҪ¼¼ˮݿ⣨National 
Inventory of DamsͳƣˮΪ82704и15׵6975
30׵1749ʴίԱĴӣLarge Dam׼15װӸߣ
15׵5ҿݴ300ףȫԼ45000ӣ
Լ20000ӣMajor DamĶ壬ָЩӸ߳150׵ľ
ӣȫ繲ٶռλӵԼ50ڽдġ
ӡѡ¼ı׼ 100װӸ߻30׿ݻ30ǧװ
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Ƚ٣ӴǶ;ˮŦڷͷ飬
ܣˮˮռСԼ3%һ㶼ΪӻӡĿǰ
ܼᣨFERC The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission˽
Ӫ˾дԼ2300ˮվɣϿ֡TVAӪԼ240
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뵽Щڲͬͬ޽Ĳͬ;ˮӣڲͬ
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ʽԭʹû߸ɴʵвӵļأ˵
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ˮվʯӽɣýἰѾٶˮӡ
ƶϣ˿Ӧ˸еȣˮӻϰ
ʮƣ100200ƣѾԲķϰֺֹ

ҪǣǻӦע⵽ˮӣӣӣ֮󣬲ͳ
֮ӡź͡ӡʵеġӡʸͬȻӲ
ӳ߷˶ĿǷԽŲӺӡȻվ
ϸݺͼƬȴʾǣѾٶԼ400
Ӹ߾ֵԼ6ף󲿷ְӳ꣬Լ100ӳ߾ֵԼ65ףһ
ͳ˵40ӢߵĹԼ40ֻļʮϰˮӣ
90%ϣƲǴӣ˵ӡʵǣӰĴ
ûһΪٶˮӴ֧Ϫϵ
ѾɥʧܵķϰӡӣΪûȫԭˮѾ
ָֺܻӶ̬еıĻ֯ӪҵԸ
ʷֵӷãֶΪأǲ˶սƷʵ
ǳǿοˮӵľˮӣΪ֤
ˮ磬͸߼ͨ

Ϊַʶ״Ҫ֮Ϊʱʱ
дǵڵʣҶڲˣôڲϽأⲻ
糱𣿡Ӧѵ֪͵֮
ӡͽ֮ӡȫ¡ʺñ˵ֳ峵ţô
೵̭ˣô⳵ǳѽһ߼ͨȻ
ǷԼûŪ˰ӷǱ˰ӣڱԹ֮ģ
޶⣻и֪˰ӷǴ˰ӣȴĲ͵ģ
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ܽˮӾˮӣ߻֪ˮӵ
ϸѰϲӸ֤ĿǰϱȽѲˮվ
а»ȣEdwardsӺ˹÷غڶSmelt Hillӡ⻹ɣȶ
ӡʼӣ̫ãѲꡣһ˹٣Lewiston
Ϊˮվⲿֲ»ȵվλݣˮԭ
1837꣬1913޽վӸ25Ӣߣ917Ӣߣװ3500ǧߣҵΪһ
޷ĳ1989޷ĳʧջ٣1993ܼδ˷µˮ֤ҵ
ˮӼվת19997²˹÷غڶվҲλݣ
Ӹ15Ӣߣ 151Ӣߣľʯṹվװ1100ǧߣ1996ˮ糧
٣1997ܼٺ˷ˮ֤20029²

мƻδˮӡӰߵʢݵİ
ElwhaӺ͸˹Glines CanyonӣӾλڰߺϡ
ߵվ1912꽨ɣװ14800ǧߣӸ108Ӣߡ˹վ1927
ɣַŲذƥ˹ҹ԰ڣװΪ13300ǧߣ
210ӢˮӡվԭΪһֽãԴѼƻ 
20082009߰ӣ˹Ӻʱʵʩδȷƻ
ĵվжոݵĿصվ1913꣬װ14000 ǧߣӸ
125Ӣߣ1993ˮ֤Ҫɱ̫ߣҵѡ
Ͳվװ22000ǧߣˮӸ4716Ӣߣݵȵ
վڶʮͳװ8400ǧߣӸ19Ӣߣ͸ֿ˹վ
ʮĩװ7900ǧߣӸ19ӢߣԼع﷨˹վװ1500
ǧߣݵķ˵վװ1000ǧߣȡ

ЩѲˮӵװԼռˮװ
1.5룻ԵվƣȫСˮ磨й׼25000ǧװΪ
СˮվҹСˮװƣƹģĵվмǧСС
ͼ΢ˮڣйнСˮվҹСˮķչ滮
15ڻҪǧƹģĵվЩСˮӵķܷ
֤йˮ罨裬˾ݣܵóȷĽۡ

Ŵˮʩƣӹ滮ͽĿ٣
뷴֮ҲƽǵȤתӰչȫ磬
ֹʷΧĴӽĿ֮һճ־ս˵
ѳΪĲӹĴ߿Լ϶ҲסԹ
ǿطһδιơܱӹĴģǷװ
ߺϵӵ˶

װһ๦ˮŦӸ715ӢߣվװԼ130ǧߣ
Լ50ǧʱԼ330ףشĿ
ȣÿй۹Լ3005Ԫɽؾֲ͸Ͽ
ÿբųɱ׳ϿȾָۡȻ
̬ࡣ1997Ժ֤ȡκж
װӵĹҲչɿѧоĿͨŻ
зʽͶ̬ĲӰ졣ߺǸױǺӵҪ֧
Ų¶οڵӵȫ򲿷ʩָȻ
̬εߺ϶βѵͱΣĺκҵ
롣ϵ½ʦʮҪڷͺˡ
ʹ˾йֶ֤ٺͰͱҲܹѯڲ˫и
ɣδͬӣֻ½ʦڴмΣ
ĴʩЧʵʩ

˶ĿǰδռԵʵ̸緶Χ
Ρһλٿȫ׫дڿɼδӱ
ļС˶֯дġӵĳɹ¡Ҳдһ
еİӰ75000ˮеľ˵Ӳ
ϵġӻķչϵȫ򽨰Ӻͷӵƽ
رǻͨýӰ쵽ĿԣҪ侲۲졣⣬
ӺͲһЩ԰ߺִ߸ע滮
Ŧơʩˮȼվеȷصؿ̬ͻأ
ǿˮˮĿĻͻоӵĹʵ̬
ҹ۰ӣˮŹٷͳƣĿǰÿͷȻٰӾԼ
80ҲṩĽڵʱӻᷢչΪʱУ̳ɳ
ˮˮӹʵʼһЩӰĴӣҸΪ
Ҫȡڶ๦ˮŦṩĲƷ顢ȡˮȣ
֮Ʒĳ֡㿴ˮ侭ϵ˽⵽
ȫںȡˮΪϸmost regulatedĺ
ˮǰȫ߸80ǰķˮЭīˮЭ
ϸ䣬һֶһϵиӵˮʩʵ֣ʱ
ôŹЩˮʩϵĵĳ˵ͲأȤǣ
ֽоٵĲͳưҪöľˮӣ
ԭַˮӡȫ˽ĳ15׸ߵĴӣΪ
ݵSeven Oaks Dam193ףʮԶͬ߹15׵ķ
ҪࡣЩʵѵֵ˼

ı֮˵ ʧƫ

ˮҵϤ֪֮ˮ缰ˮԴ˫
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and it will continue to be an important source of U.S. energy for the 
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ˮǷ񾭼áɿҵ׼͹ʶڴԹˮǷ
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1992Ϲ뷢չڰԼ¬ٿйػ
ɳչ̱Ĺʻ飬ҲΪᣨEarth Summit 
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ԴṹԴЧһʾĴʩУչȻˮ硢
ԴԴԴʵʩ͡綫͡ش󹤳̣
Դ֡

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2002 JohannesburgϷԼ˹ٿͨ˿ɳչʵʩƻ
(Plan of Implementation)ڵeǣȽࡢ
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2003ˮԴ̳(3rd World Water Forum 2003 Kyoto)ձ
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ԴĵλӦڿǻɳչƽȵ¿Ǳܡ

2004겨ԴʴᣨInternational Conference for 
Renewable Energy 2004 Bonnر壬ԴԴ
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ڲʱƪҵойأФ,Ž.
2m ϸõо.ҽѧٴо,2004,12(12):1379-1382

ȻȻͨ׸ϰҾķƪRui Min, Zhongkui Li, 
Joshua Epstein, Bart Barlogie and Qing Yi. 2-microglobulin as a 
negative growth regulator of myeloma cells. British Journalof 
Haematology, 2002, 118: 495-505³BJHǧ˿Ƶϵ

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ԱͬһĿǲȫͬģԲͬϸһ
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ٴΣ漰4෢Թϸ꣬˵ϸDr. J. 
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ΪΣMyeloma and Transplantation Research Center, 
University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesѧϰȻMedlineû
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1.      Ž.ͬʱ̥Cxı.ҽƴѧѧ
.199823(1):1-4

2.      Ž.̥ͬٵϸӵ׻о.ѧ
.199830(1):44-47

3.      Zhang Jian-Xiang,et al.Expression of Cx genes in liver and 
stomach of different embryonic stages.WJG.,1999,February;5(1):47-49

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