                        ˿µϣ20051113գ

05.11.11-12ûи
05.11.13, ޳³ӱ˵
05.11.13, Dezhong Liaoԡӱŵ䲼뵽ݽ˵
05.11.13, 𴺸ӵϷĩ˼ά𴺵ţ
05.11.13, ˲·ӵſϷĩĶ䡷
05.11.13, renfengchuiϷĩڷ֮ıǳĲרҵ
05.11.13, rbzhangϷĩڶˡ
05.11.13, bluesea𴺸ӵĻҲ˵ϷĩĶ䡷
05.11.13, gordonҲϷĩ༭𴺸ӵš
05.11.13, APڽɣXXX
05.11.13, ˮѧʱذػĵɿ¡
05.11.13, ӡӱǡǡ֤αѧ
05.11.13, ;ý屨ѧش¼Ӧлԡ
05.11.13, ڡּ鵤ҩ
05.11.13, ɵӷ㡶ڡ϶ȵġ

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ӱ˵

޳³

˿йӱ⣬Ժʿ˵ṩĲϣ
ȫʵѧʱطȫϢѧҲȷʵƼġȻѾ
¹꣬ǵõ£

ʱý㷺泴ȫϢѧҶԴпֵ˼һƪ
ԡȫϢѧģҾٴӰټĽǶȿҲȫӦ÷Ϊ
ƼѧʱԷ

ԼҲڴʱɽѧ쵼ƼӱġȫϢѧӦõõ
ص֧֣帱ѧԺۣѧԺֽ帱
תѧҵʱѧΡԴ֯һѧί
о£رһλϢѧרңԺʿμӻ顣ӱй
ϸӡԱӱڲKarolinskaҽѧԺ
ѧʱŵίԱҽѧѧıۺܸߣ
ƽƼΪŵѡˡҸŵίԱҽѧѧдһ
źʵ£þյţӱKarolinskaҽѧԺı治
Ӧ棬ҹפʹƼģڱֻ˵һЩ
׻ȫûƼΪŵѡ˵˼ҲӡԱ

ѧίۺȫӱνġȫϢѧϢѧר
ҲΪӱġȫϢϢۺ޹ϵǽѧί۽
ϱѧԺת帱

Ҹӱдһţѧί۽ŵίԱҽ
ѧѧҵĻš˵Ϊ˰㲻
ýг¾͵Ϊֹв϶ṫټг
ұȫϵȨ

ºӱûиһţҲûڱϿȫϢѧ
ſѧԺѧԱиôλĲϡ

(XYS20051113)

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ԡӱŵ䲼뵽ݽĽһ˵

Dezhong Liao

һڼǰдˡνӱȫϢѧŵ䲼
뵽ݽࡷһĵӢİ棬ӽʵطġˣ
ƪµݺ޹ءΪṩϢ׼ȷģΪеȫΡ

19901µ19963£Jan-Ake Gustafssonʵҵо
ǰҲμӱڿ˹ҽѧԺNovumƼ԰йѧ
ʵһ˸ý֯ӣṩˮȵȡ
˵ʱ䣬Ҵû˵ӱڿ˹ҽѧԺ
ûмй佲֪ͨҲûκйûУͨ档
⼸ҲϵλʱҲڿ˹ҽѧԺйѧѣҲ
һԴһ֪ӱȷŵίԱ˹ҽѧԺ
ĻһǸ߼ܣŵѡ˶ͬ

йҽѧԺУҵҽڿ˹ҽѧԺ
ҽѧĲʿѧλ֪һѧҽѧѧȻѹʵ
ӱڲ̫òҲ˵ڿ˹ҽѧԺйѧ
˷ǳӡҸ˾ܵĻΪûкܺ׼
Ϻû߼ı衣ҺһЩѧе˷һ硣
Ҹ˾ãŵҽѧѡǺܻƵġԸ⿴
˹ҽѧԺȷ֤ݡ

ġJan-Ake GustafssonһλĿѧңڹѧҽ
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ؼǵһΪίԱĳίworking groupҵʱϵΨһ
һλйˣǵĹϵ൱С19961997ξ˺ܴŬ
йڱѵֺ֧Ͱ£ٳйʹݺ
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֮ϵ֪һ˶Ŭж˲Ŵٳһ
ϵĻ㽫ᾡȥǿƻ

塢Jan-Ake GustafssonȷԲҩȤ˹¸Ħѧڼ䣬
Ǿ۴ĳЩҩȡѧҽƣԭΪͬʱ
ҽѧʿͻѧʿѧλȻԲҩȤйҽûй
ϵҳֿϣйҽУĻӦñá
һҪЩڻȦӡ

˭ʲôʵĻϵ

Dezhong Joshua Liao
Email: dliao@med.wayne.edu
Tel: 1-313-576-8326

ԭӢģ

(XYS20051113)

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𴺸ӵϷĩ˼ά

ߣ

ӡϷĩ༭𴺸ӵӵȷǱһѡ

ӱıͿͷѾ˶ԣܾ˵
ս ˭ûӮⳡսͻսѧαѾ
ô˹ģֻǹۿ֪ʶڽȷ
ʵķ֮ЩʵӳӰ죬ĵǡ
ڽӵб¶šӡ̬
еġ֮϶˵Ļ̬̫壬ӦΪ
ǧǻ۱Ӧ÷Ϸį̃عС

Ĺؼڡ

Ӻ˿µѧ٣ĵǷʵݣԼЩʵ
ʲôӰ졣ϷĩȻгڽɱϽɵļ⣬ȴ
κۡڽɿڶִ֮˵صǸΣԵԺ
Ļ֪¶׾ӵμʵЦ硣ϷĩȻ
߶ڽɿڶȴͼʲô˵Ը񣬻ũʲô
֣ڽɷοѡڽΪڹҰˣϷĩΪ
ʲô¾ͿҰش˶ѧɡˡ
ѧ٣ؼڴٵʵǷֵĻκˣ
ȡ衣ڽ֮ԵǸ֪˴ˡѧ˸
Ʋ޿ء

ϷԷӵˣһԣǶԷָʵ֤
̸ܶȴν˸Լôʵȷ£ʵǴ
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ǲ⣬ҲмⷽΪʲôҪѧ٣ֻ
ϵΪǡΪڹֵĹлõĿкͳɾ͸Сƺ֪ʶ
ӽײеġ֪׼롱ǿֲҲȷ
ģȴйĿɳչΪֻԼűˣ
ʹϧ֪ʶӸҪ׼Ȼѱˢ
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ǻۡ͡ι֮ԱΪǡۿ˵͡Ϊ
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ԼǳýĶ䣬ΪЩǳȴԴʵݺͿѧ/ѧ
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ȴӦ˷ӣڷ֮ǰ뾭Ŀȷϣ֮ȴǿ
ɾҵȨַƲټ̵һἿԼϷ
ƭߡҪ֪һɾڣ˼ܾܿȫ⡣Ϸĩ
ضԷӵĳŵĻȫڸӡ֮ǰӴ绰
ʡϧϷĩûʣϷĩԺôȥԼ̸
һֲΡã


Ϸĩ༭·ӵţڡ̳



á֪ԡϷĩڶڽɵı飬һ
ӦǷǳԾҴ绰˴αļҲʾ
ȣͨ˵绰ͨ
ǵķӦΪǳԾ°ΪйӰһܱ
ͬܶϷĩһԳܵ Ϊʲô
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İʮзִУ㹻صġر̸ֵ
֣Ӧע⵽ķ̸ǾĹģ෴ڽɵķ̸δ
ġĳϣǶڽɵһֲΪܲɷʱ
Ҫ󣬶ҲѾӦǱѡ

񱣴ǰļ汾رΪ˷ֱֹ༭ϵ
ʧרŷһȫɾİ汾Լ¸ľ͡

ҲڡϷĩǶˣ˵
ڵǳķ̸¼ǾȷϵǸ汾ǱɾԼһ룬
ĶԻɾ䣬׼ȷҵԭ⡣ΪƪԵʱ
ɾڣҲӦð汾ټĸȷϡ

ʵظУ鱨ռ棬ڳ
֮ǰļСʱʱΪ棬ռѾز㣬ԣڳ
İϵ6ƪÿһƪ漰ɾ⡣ڽɵķ̸ͬ⵽
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룬ȨôΪ༭ɾҵȨɾڵ
ԭһǲΥ߱⣬һҪԭ򡣱˵̸˺ܶࡰα
⣬Ҳش󣬵ǶǹĵϵǺܴҲ
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Ľʱ̣ɾּǱĵ˵ټĸȷϵİ취
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˵۲֣ǵԭûһߵ˼Ϊ֯һ
ƽۣǴϵ˽ʮѧ߻ߣȻܶҪô
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һѡĳԣǲֻǾǵ̸ۣ
ʵȤγʹõĻ﷽ʽĳ̶ֳ˵
ǵй֪ʶӾõһֻ̬ϣ̽ⱳ󵽵ʲô

ˮԭһλΪǴǶ״̬˼ģ
1919áķִۣĹ̰ŶԴͳľ
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ĵ¼ϴй֪ʶӹѾ籩֮

5ǰڱýʱࡱıǷǲ
˵ַҵӡǷǳ̵ģֵۺ͹
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һλͬи˵˵ǶǺ̳ĺӣ˼Լÿˣ
ǷǱڵı֮Ϊߵ֪ʶӣֱǷΣգ
Ǹϣ˼

ʵϣӲ߻ѡ⿪ʼǾڿⳡ侲
͹ۺȫ档ΪȷʵǸҪ߶ȵĿҲΪԴ˵׷
ļѡڽɱȽϤļ裬Զرβɷã
ɶԴûκ濼ǵļڶԸİϣ
дһźܺõĿڱΪҲɵ÷ǳ㡣

ף

20051112 

(XYS20051113)

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·ӵſϷĩĶ

ģ˲


1110գϷĩƳˡڽVSӣܾ˵Ķսר⣬
ӵдˡϷĩǶˣһĻӦ
顱󣬡ϷĩŲִܼдһ·ӵĹš
֮ҵĸоǣϷĩȷʵǶˡ

Ҵ1994꿪ʼϷĩʱġϷĩеСʣͷʱ
Щţһ󱨵ѿѾˡӡ˾һ
αѧαأʹҵһ֪˾Ժ󣬡Ϸ
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ܶøǸˡүۡģҲ촰ҾҲ
ˡû뵽ھȻ䵽ġй֪ʶӾõһֻ
̬ĵزװģءϣ̽ⱳ󵽵ʲôҾö
ˡ

֮Ĺؼڸ˴ٵĺ⡣ҸΪһ۵
⣬ΪֻҪɣ͵óϸ˴ȫġǰ
УѾٹӡȵӣ˵ʹרŵĹȣ
ҲδֹרŵĴ˲áңڸ˴٣Ҳ
ûзԼеԼ˷̰ˣȫͨɽ⡣
ҾФ߷ӵΪûģȻ˾ݺͳ򶼻
Ըӵĳ̶ȡ

ڷӵĸ˴¼ıйȱѧ족״йѧ
һʵҡѧ״Ҳʲôغ
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й֪ʶӾõһֻ̬ĵıҲѹ֣
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ˡǶôķ˵Կأ
ҲɼרܸµһЩ̸֮⣬ʵûκˡ

Ҳԡй֪ʶӾõһֻ̬֣̽ҲʧΪһѧ
ȻһΪҪǻݣֻ˺ִƶѧˣŻ
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ıģ赭дֻʣһƮƮĶνֵ֮̽ġ
ܺǰġϷĩϣڵġϷĩҪϱ
ġϧûȨ

2005.11.13

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Ϸĩڷ֮ıǳĲרҵ

ߣrenfengchui

Ҳ˵ϷĩԼĹ۵ΣһЩʵĳͱ
ԿϷĩıεĲרҵԼĶεĲΡ

һϽڽ۵Ľ֮һйѧԺְƾ
оԱǸоԱ⣬Ϸĩڶڵķ̸оȻ˿ûἰ
Ҳû뵽ȥԺʵһ¡Զڿ걾ڱֽ֮󣬶۵
ְȻһͷˮϷĩļ߱༭Ϊһû
ʲô󰭡Ҫ֪ǹϵһλѧԼְǷƭ
ڵĳ⡣ڱ֤˻ѣӰ쵽ǶѧоΡ

ڽɼðνѵд˵ŵ⣬ϷĩıΪ
ڽɿѵ... ...ⲢųڽɵѺ̨
дĵֿԵĴڡ

ʵϣڽԼڵǸ˵......Ѽû
ҵĵԣQ10ֲĸհ¹ݷָ
İ칫ǰŶûеԣԣЩֻѵĵշʼ
ʱֱίظʼɼԼѵĵշʼϷ
ĩνĿ綼ԼϵˡϷĩļ߱༭û
ڵĵǸšֻ˵Щ߱༭ڹڽڸǣƭߡ

ʵϣԼп֪ڽǻϽǷӵı
ӣȻԼǸ˵ԼεԸ
ΣӶʾεĲΡȻ㾡̫ڽ
äû뵽ԼװϷױ

ڽɹðԼˣΪ˵Ը񡣲
֪ǲˡǴŪϷƭ
ѾȫƲҲ֪жԸνоɹ
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(XYS20051113)

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Ϸĩڶ

rbzhang

һڵġϷĩһĻڳΪȷšǰ
ΪйġıֽڶˡǼƪѾΥĿ͹
ԭִᣬȻΪһ˼ĸף˼ֵĵ
˱绤һǲ׶԰СѵǷǷֱˮƽأ
⻹90ߵĴ󱨣˽ǰʱǳ¼û
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ǱַĨڣȻȺ֮

Է뺷֪ʶǲģŶ
ͷ֪й֪ʶӶ֧㡣Щɡйѧ
֯һĻĻǾһͱ

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𴺸ӵĻҲ˵ϷĩĶ

ߣbluesea

ǰĶҲ˵˵ģνġáʲ
ôҪоǧǻ۱ˣǧĹ鱻ϰ
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Ҫ׼Ȼѱˢ˵ĴУڶ
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Ǽǧγʲôﲻ˵˰ɡкл
ģһ϶ģĽǰĶȻġһ
ҵ֪ģǧڵĻ˵飬κȴ
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˵ǣʷһЩתǿԻöǰЩ
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õĹǷǻоͿԿˡ

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ҲϷĩ༭𴺸ӵ

ߣgordon

Įӣй˵֢Ҳй֢ᡣ

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סáۣרôдúСѧһֻáʵ
һԭȥϷĩıվסŵмƪ
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ڽɣXXX

ߣAP

ͨ˿ϷĩϵġڽɣȨҪԵȡûп
ѾðɡλһһЩʲô

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ڽɣԣҵǸˣǹǸҾҪʾ
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ѧ絽ӦʲôĹ淶ӦõͥϽ

һй˴ҳϴƾʲô˵й˴
ϴѧʵõĽۣͨʲôõۡ
һXXXXܶ޻˵Ҳ˵Ҿһڳϴˣ
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İİҪЩѧһƤë
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˭дĲҪѾ˵ˣдģҲ͵д
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ԵȻ۷˼˵Ӧܳеķ֮ڣԵ
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Ρ

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ɹۡһνΪ壡ȤΪβѧ
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˰νѧоĿоʵоͲɣӦӭ
ʡǼٵĴҿҲٲˣΪڱ˾С

Ҫڷͥ뷽ϵҴûп
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ѧʱذػĵɿ¡ŭ֮ʹ

/ˮ

ѧʱ2005.11.7أ³Ƽߣġŭ֮
ʹһġȫŭʱŹⷴ֯ı
ѾõҥԻΪˣĽһһԼߵȫĽоķС
Ϊԭĵݡ

׼˵ŭˮ翪뻷ıǰδе
ѡңҵ˲ɷþ͸ѣѾµܾɷõ֮
Ʋȫ֮ǰעûв֮ܲɷã
˸֮λɷöֱ˵ضԼ˵Ƕ½ܲɷˡⱳ
ԭܸӣŭˮվǲʱڱ䡣

˭˵ŭˮվǲʱڱ䡱˽
ͲҪԼ죬ŭǹҵԴչսԹ滮Ҳûиı
ʲôʱõϢ˵ŭˣ˹ڡķ֯
ҥ֮⣬ʻ˭˵Ϊʲôһѧʱļߣ
͸˽ڡѧʱɢ֯ҥԣ

׼˵ʱʱǿ÷ʽ16
ͳѧҸᾭڵĹ۲о˸Ϊѧ
ϵ˵ͳһǧĵ˵˼Ķ
ܡ

Ϊбеﷸ˵ȫеﷸ޹ġ
ΪзɵͶȷĽۡһ£Ӧ
ڴܶαѧĹĴ߶ϲһЩ
ΪԼԿϵĿѧб⡣

׼˵50޽Ͽˮˮѧһ򲻿
й߰ӣļȫϵͳרҵ֪ʶ
ɽͨѧѧѧʱ˶ʿѧḷ̌ʿѧˮѧ
֮⣬ѧϰȻѧѧѧȣŷ޵ͨ
Լߵȴ΢ֵȵȡʵؿ⡢о
ϣͿ࣬Сʹ׼ȷʵʽ
ϡ

ߵġ׼ȷʵʽжϡ˵ʵʡ
ϿϣֻǻйȷʶܶˮרҶ
ѧķڵʱ£û˸Ҽ
ڼһȡִƷͿѧһҲǵ
ʱĸίԱԪ֮Ӳ޹ϵˮѧҸܱ
ͬ־ܺӵʱĿ͹أейˮƼߵʶ
ˮƽȫˮѧңеϵʵʣ
أ»˵ͻ֡͹۵ĽҪ˵ʵؿ͵
̶ȣҹһˮƼ߽󳬹

׼˵ȻڲʶСһɱ̬
геĳЩܡЩδȫΪ˽աЩ
ܵĴڣˡֲԼˮе飬ŵĿǰķʽ
档ʶȻʱȫ߼ʣ߼ǡһЩȽϴ
ѧ⣬ײƷתǷͻΣΪ
ȻĴĸıΣδȷ֮ǰ׶Ȼ
ĸı䡣

ռߵ߼ƺûʸκκϽˮӡ
ܹûʣʵⶼǵ͵ļ˻谭չۡ
ڸȻϣ桢չ޹ؽҪ⣬пɲȡ
̬ȡǣ¹淢չĽϣȫ𱸡
ȱ˼룬ͲԳˡ˵桢չض
Ȼı䣨˵ƻûоԵĺ£
ΰɹһĸãЩʱҲ֣ᷢ
಻桢չǱѧĳЩҪʧܱıĳ
ЩʵˮӣӸص跿ݡ޽·ûһ
鲻ҪǶȻϴĸı䡣ȥı䣬Ͷܳ
֡ڲı䣬ͶҪˡ

Լ˵ġΪȻĴĸıΣ
δȷ֮ǰ׶Ȼĸı䡱ɣüͬ־ʮ֮
ȲҪԷͬ־ǷͬأߺЩʳǵļ˻ߣ
кЩƭ˿ںŵʱҲûнйλ˼סǶȻ
Ҫĸı䲻Ⱥã淢չı衣

ϼеĺдӣˮѾɷָ
ɲ֡ˮӵṦܵΣÿһλܿʵ
ˮǾǰյԴȪķ㽭°ĴĶ̲
ϵС˵ԼĿϿӣЩɹãκһλ
ʵ˭鵽ǡѧʱļ߾ȻҪʵ
֡Ժʶ֣ܿۡƭˡĿǰŭذ
̬Ѿ⵽ļƻΪͬʱû
ŭˮ翪ŭѾǿ̲ݻ桢չ£йŵ
ԴҲǲòɵĽͬʱŭˮȫĿɳչҲǱز
ٵĿԴЩ¹ɳչΪߵļ䡰
δȷĻԾͱ

׼˵ִѧѾȡ˺ܸߵȨž޴ԴҲ
žƵĻȨʵǸǣѧܽһ⣬
ĽǶȵ˼Ҳֱִܳų̬ȡûпѧܵģ
ѧҲԲܵģ

ߵĻȫһֵߵڰ׵ķʽԿѧз񶨡
ѿѧĶѧǽո˵Ĳִ
ľĽ֡һЩŷѧŵļ˻ߣ
ϲνġľ񡱽зѧɿ顣һĿģ޷
Ҫִѧķ񶨡Ͽѧȷʵܵģǣ
ܳΪ񶨿ѧýڣע⣬ǽͷչ
ʵԣҪĽӦǣûпѧܵġҶǽ
ķչܿѧܵģҲҪѧķչᳫѧչ
ۡǶԿѧȷλ

׼˵ŭĿѧ֮Ũɫʡǿŭ֮
ѲǴĿѧ֮ӡطʹ˾Ķ
Һڵĳ档

ŭǹҵķչսԹ滮Ȳʲôѧ֮ʲô֮
ᷢչ谭ƻչ֮ߵ֮ЩȫǶ
ҥڵĹϵطǵڵĴҪ
Ⱥڵ棬ϵķչطãĻ
ŭ̶ǹй˾ǹҵƸĸ֮󣬴ҽˮ翪
Ͷʵ塣ŭǹҵҪչսԡѵǵ͵ط
ֻǶĴܴҺڵĳ棿һС
֯Ϊƻҵչ裬Լƻҷչͼ
ƭ˵Ⱥļ˻ǣܹҺڵĳ
ͬ־ע⣬˵Ҫ֤ݣ˵ŭķ֯
ŹҺڵĳ棬к֤ݣûУעΪ˭ҥΪ
˭ɿ

׼˵յйѾһģٶȿˮĽ׶Σ
һгʱˮ翪ҹԴսԵҪ֮һˮ
ҵΪ

ǼԼ֪ʶˮƽɵƬʶˮ翪ǹϵ
Ĵ£κιң϶ǹΪҵĿֻһֿ
ֶΡκιҵˮ籾϶ɹҿƵģҹȻҲ⡣磬
ϿˮվбԷΪҲǹҹ涨ģͲˮ翪
Լ۲гԣҹĴˮҵܲ׬ǮҪ
ȡڹߵĵء۹Ҳʲôߣˮ翪ǿˮ
ԴǿԴ֮£ˮ翪ҵ嶼ǵڶλģ
ұ֤ʵĿĵֶΡС˵ˮΪ˱֤̬ˮڿˮλ
ҲҪˮشˮʱκˮվΪȷεİȫ
ӹˮͬ־סҹڵĴˮվ
һɹͳһ滮ͳһơҵؿĹΪ
Ϊʲô˵ҵΪ

׼˵治ϷֻУ֪ʶҲֻ
׵¼ֵȡ仯еĲ˵Ĺ۵ĹԱڻ
šʱĿѧԵΪѵážͲѽΪʲôеĲɷö
ԵôΪѣ2003ŭ¼ճʱЩ˹һЩ۵㣬
־̸ܾ⡣ȻܵѹҲ֪Եλġ
ĺͶԷġ

߶רҵĹԵɣӦݡǳϻиѬĵ
רҴڣǣ󲿷ֵרҶѧ񡣵Ȼν
ѧ񣬲ҪרҰշϼĽб̬Ǿͺѹּ߶
ľרҶֳʧ̬ˡͬ־ԹɷѣӦý
˼ΪʲôɷѣΪΪ߻ȱ͹۹ְҵ񣬾
ѶרҲɷΪұҥԵĻزġɷ֮󣬾Ͷȡ
Լͼ졣һ֮˭ԸĲɷã
Ļ̥ļ߰Լͼȥҥʵǵı
ɷݣרҡѧ߿϶Ըܲɷõġ㲻Ϊʲ
ôЩ߾͵ܻӭΪʲô͵ڣдĶ
Ͳ֪ʲôطˡѹִҰΪߣҿ˵
ʵרǶԸĲɷãǶһ͹۵ۡ

߻̸2003ŭ¼ճʱЩ˹һЩ۵㣬
־̸ܾ⡣Ҳ˿̸֡Щˣܶ඼Ǻһ
ϲҥԷԹˮ罨ļһΪ2003ŭ
ϣҥƭ롢ƭȫǵҥѾᱻҴˣ
ǵȻٸҳԸԼҥĴʵϣǲ˵
ѹԵλᣬʵ

׼˵ԪĽ죬¡ŭӵĿ֤
ȱѧԣûϸش󹤳̵ĻӰ۳򡣡

ͬ־ңһǴӺζָһ
ŭӵĿ֤ȱѧԡ˵ĸšĸ
˵ŭ̡ûϸش󹤳̵ĻӰ۳򡱡ߵЩ
ѵڹָǵĹһֹܾʧְӦö˵Ļ
𡣲Ե޹ʵĶǵĹһֵܾĹҥ

׼˵Ǵ2003ŭ֮ǽ괺Բ԰
¼ʶκһ漰ͺ桢㷺ע
ǱӰ޴ĿӦðطɹ涨͹ԺԭҪ
ṫʾӰ۱棬ýֱ֯͹ڹ㷺룬
źǷߡ

ߵЩۣȫǹһЩ˻֯а˵һ
ܾһֱڰչзҪŭ滮Ӧٿᡢ֤ᶼ
ѾٿˡڹʾӰ챨棬ΥҷɵΪŭ
ʺŭˮ翪滮ڹһܣһĳ򣬲ܼԹʾ
ᵽǺܺã㡶ɷȷ涨漰
һܹһЩĵˣŭڹһ
ʵ߳⡢ϰôͨ֯׫д
ķʽִҪйزΥʾһܣŭ滮
ǲǹһܣܹܲʾһ绰ͿԵõ֤ʵȻ
λȴҪװͿϼ˻֯ҪǷʾŭ
档벻ȫйֻǡѧʱļͬ־ڹİѼ˻
֯ҥɿ֮ʣýϽй㷺Ĵ治ΪǼ˻
ҥڵļȷ档

׼˵ûרҵ֪ʶͼĹβشߣרҵ֪ʶͼ
רѧеʱβȷʹȨ
βܱ֤ߵĹԺ͸ԣα֤Ⱥ治
һЩרҵʿ˵ʿûרҵ߱ԻĿԡñ
¶ҹִе㡪͹Ϲǲ߱רҵ֪ʶ˰
ǲشߵȨΪѧҲоʧʱ򣬿ѧҲ
档

ߵ˵ȫʵΪڲΥԭǰ£
һȺڹġ˽⿪̺͵ط׼α⻷𺦣
ΰα֤ˮİȫԺ;ԡҪǰ죨1022գ
йͶʡ־֯һ׼ֻ֤ᡰйˮ翪뻷
߲̳ŭҪ滮Աйר
ң͵ȺڡйԱ׼𼫶˻ʿŭĸ
ɡǣ쵥λεдŵ֯͸ѡ
Ĵμλ飬ʿǼμӻ顣дŸ
йŭıк˴СϪ˻ʿ˵
Ϊûйʾ棬ϢԳơʱ죬μӻ顱

СϪļ˻ʿʹõĽ෴
˵רΪ˻ʿûרҵ߱Իʵ
Ϊ˻ʿûרҵ֪ʶԣŻ᲻εĵ˵˵
ڸȫ˴᰸ϹżҲҹҥԡǵǵ
еĴȷʵ֪ܵƭרҵԱǳԸ⿪ϲ
ǽͣشĿǰڵĸʡ⡣ȻйزŴ
һ֮ȴϢԳΪɣܾμӡʵϢ
ԳƣҪͨԴɾܾ߼Եľ
Ҫһⲻᡣɴ˿ɼ˻ʿǹ˵νϣ
Ҫȫǿķǵļʵǲǲ˽ǵ
һЩıЩŭҥԵʼٸߡǲҺ˽
ר潻ΪרǰѾ޷ظЩ
¶ҥˡԣǲŲμӻ顣ǾΪ֪ҷ
ɹ涨ʾһܣǲŷҪ߳⡣Ϊʲô
һܾϯר˽ŵĻ飬һ滹Ҫְѹ
ܹʾأ

û뵽ǵļͬ־뼫˻ϵĬȻű
ķʽ׾ٵľͰϢͨƸרҡʵǼ˵
ñ¶ҹִе㡪͹Ϲǲ߱רҵ֪ʶ
˰ǲشߵȨӦ˵ñ¶˼˻
ҥڵ㡣˽רһߣ
ǲҪ˽»߲˽ǰɢ߲
ҥԡǵļͬ־ҲװͿЩʵָѧҲʧ
Ҳ档ѵ˻ǾͲʧ󣬾û𣿼ȻҪֹʧ
ΪʲôҰڵϲ̸һ̸أ̸
ߣǲ߷ˡ˰ǲش
ߵȨһǿ߼

׼˵ѧҪȫۺϿԼרҵˮר˼Ժʿ
ˮֻ̲Աףˮѧ¸ѧơ
ˮѧоͽ޽ˮ繤ƻȻƽ
ı׶ˡ˵Ҫһ̣ö̬ͣ͵Ĺ۵㿴⣬е
ܷӽЧ棬Զ׶˸󣻱ȫǴСΧ
⣬еĹ̴ӾֲĪɣȫ򿴾ͲУˮǣһȫ
ιӰΣιӰΣǣ£ǣ棬
򹤳Ӱ㣻Ǿֲ⣬ھȻã
ȻʹʧˮԴΪ츣ƻ̬

ߵüжȡ֮ӣҲǺġκﶼ
ԣΪҹˮרҵͻ˼ԺʿĻ˵ҹˮר
ˮӿ̬ʶǳ̡ȫ档רһᶼǷǳǿ
̬ģκһжֿǵܵĸӰ죬
һȡӦĲȴʩȻ֪һ㣬ͬ־͸Ӧʲô
ѧҲʧҲ桱Ĳɣרҵˣѵ


׼˵Ժʿ۵ҪԼϤѡԺʿָ
˭ܲʿԺʿԼ򽲻Ҫأ̬
һμǽܳѧҡԭӢʼѧϯ1904ŵ
Ļ˵60Ժ󲻶κ˼뷢Ϊ60Ժ˼벻Ծ
ҸʱܹѹҲйϵѡ˵һλԺʿ
ǰڱϷۣҹýϢٹ·йûôϢ
ѣѡ˵λԺʿרҵϢʮǧȫ硣

ߵλ˵ͬ־߼˼ά̬
ָԼϤķ治רҵݣҷָǣר
ҲǹҲйеĸȨرǾʵΪݣʵǵط
ӳȨΪĳĳһԺʿҪ乫Ȩ
⻰Ȼûֱ˵ָ󣬵ǣŭҿƺǶ
ŭ֮Ժʿύı治רԺʿԼʵ
뷴ӳһרҶԹҽ߶ȸı֡һѾõ˵͹Ҹ
쵼ĳֿ϶ͬ־ͼѡԺʿһ仰ר
¶ҥԣר뷴ӳȨֱǳ롣

׼˵NGOʲôNGOרҵ֪ʶ
飬ݲۡŭ֮УǿؿǵĹעǻ
ԭס棬Ϊ˸˵棬Ϊ档

Ҫͬ־ҥı£һ䡰飬ݲۡͿ
ֱ׳İҥԵˡʲôNGOΪ˶˵棬Ϊ
棬ֻǼ˻Լƭ˵ı⣬ʵκNGOǴĳһ
˵С档кܶNGONGOҲ
ֻǴĳһ˵֯ĿǰйĻNGOǸӣ
йзɲ齨µܶ໷NGOʵǱĳĿ
֯кܶ໹ṩʽŵģ
ⲻܵĲݡ

ŭϣܶ໷NGOԱԭסĿԾӣ
Ѿ֣ȫǵһƭؾϰ
նҥԡƻŭˮ翪ĻѾʹͬ־ȴ
Բѵ˵ʲôǿؿǵĹעǻԭס
桱ⴿ۾˵ϹƭˡѵǵĹעҪ
ҥΡֻڲ⵽ƻ״ѵǹעԭס棬Ҫ
ֶε谭ԭסƶ¸ķչҪ󣿼ߵЩҥѾ쵽˺
޳ܵĳ̶ȡ

׼˵ѧӹʾйʵ˾GDP1000Ԫ
3000ԪĹʱڣϵ乫̱仯Ĺؼʱڣ
֯Эǰйѽĸ﹥ĹؼʱڡҪڼ
гĸͬʱƽƸĸƸĸͨ
NGO չѰµġЭơ

߲ҪƬؿNGOáƸĸǹҵķչ
ʹңNGOҲܻΪҪɫΪ
Է֯ʽֻܷӳĳһ˵档
ƻйƸĸĳ·Ȩ͹
ƵķƻϣڳʲôNGOӶԿ
á߲ҪԼƸĸ۵󵼹ڡ

׼˵Բ԰¼һŭҲŭЩۿ˵
ǹҡǰбȻţŹҶԿѧ
ߵӣڲ淶ʹǰеĽŲؽߵø
Ϊ˳

ҷǳͬߵһȷԲ԰¼һۼ˻
ôƱ磬ȫ繫ϵĿƼƷ----Ĥƻ̬ҥԣձضҪҴ
ͬʱŭһϵҥԺͺͿȷʵǶԡ
ѧʱߵĿѧеЩʹˣ˵ҲѾҵı
˿Ϊ㡱ƪһλѳΪǡһƪ
ѧܶɿĽȻͨƪ¾Ƿӳ
ߡѧܡ⣬Ӧػĵɿ顱ϣйز
ֶɿҥ߶ȵӣȡʵĴʩҲϣ
ܹ߾裬ֹϵƭǰеĽŲߵ˳

(XYS20051113)

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ӱǡǡ֤αѧ
 
     
 
    ȥȡˡǣڡ2004ȻѧһȽ
νȺ뺮ʹ󱬷壬һԷӵĴġ˻
ߵء⵽˷ߺѵӭͷʹ


    ֽǸȫϢѧΰٲġȫϢǡ
ӱȥһ壬һСαʿķ粨
ìͷŷź˵һƼԩ
--ʹŴںԩӢš

    ȡˡǣǻ©һ󡱣Ǿǵһָ
ȫϢѧѧ޳³Ժʿǲ޳³Ժʿѹ
Ͳ˽ԭίǺߣ˵ǡУϡͿؾ
ذͶ˺Ժʿ

    ΪӱԼǡǡ֤һʲ
ôȫϢѧȫϢǡαѧƭ˵ļ
 
    ӱڲǷڰ販ý𽱵ġȫϢǡ
15Ӿϳеļܡΰٲ

    ҿ϶ӱһԼùʱΪ׫дݸĿ
߱䣬˰ٲݣһʦһˣҪԼȳһŽ
ôһܸıֽϡֶε˲᲻Լһ
ԣһֺܿͼ˵϶ù

    Ȼ˵Լ15ϳеļ
ܰΰٲȴʩˣʲôƭӣŽԼԼ
ȴȥͲǼ򵥵ġαѧˣѧթƭ
ҵթƭˣ

    ҿ϶ӱһԼùأŽڼûмʱ
ԼؼûСΡԼļ
ϡƵʱԼСⲻԼԼҪ֪ʹ
Ƕ緢֡ʱܴܳʱģ

    ͬʱǡǡ֤ġȫϢѧ۲⡢
ȫϢǡʹαѧƭ˵ġ
 
    ֣ŽǱԩģΪʲôߵļͬǲվ
Ϊԩ壬ǧ֮ġ⡱רѧߡ
ˡǣ¸һ˲Ž֮ԩأЩ֮
⡱ڣ

    аġУǶԩߡǡ·ƽ
εôԩˣΪʲôվΪԩ
ַ֣ԩˣ˵ɶѧһˣ
˵ɶ־ˣ˵ɶû

    ֻ˵ǲǹŽڵĻƤ
ӱ֮αѧԩ
 
    ǣҸҿ϶һ粨ȥǶԷΧ
һȻʧܶգ

(XYS20051113)

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ý屨ѧش¼ӦлԡҲ˵Ϻųƪ

ߣ;

ڵ½ýϣڿѧıС˵洦ɼ 

20051026յġѧʱϣһ٪޼֮͡˵ʵӦ
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Ϊ۵У޷۵α⣡ǣϣ
ȵĶܳΪڶΪƵйѧ⣡

Ϊý壬ϣһЩ͹ԡԣ

Ϊ˿ѧĿϣڵʧ

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ּ鵤ҩ

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