                        ˿µϣ20051130գ

05.11.30, ӡеľʾ
05.11.30, й걨˭Ϊܷѧҡԡ
05.11.30, ¡˶04격ʿΪʲôûͨ˭дģ
05.11.30, ġӵݽ̫̫ˡ
05.11.30, ϻ廪ҽѧԺĲҡ
05.11.30, limitations廪Գ©ٳ
05.11.30, blackboxlimitations廪ѧŦԼѧְλ
05.11.30, DEMO˽Ӣѧµtutor
05.11.30, ContiContiTutorshipӢ䡷
05.11.30, ǹ»꡶˷룬ӡ
05.11.30, cheetah뱾绯ѧѧԭӦá
05.11.30, ǿһͶһЩɡ
05.11.30, Y.H. & SHEEPMANQ.-S. J. YuѵġԼ¼֮ҼеĴ
05.11.30, ˵˵֣ݺԺѧ
05.11.30, ҡдҲԡظWhwʡ
05.11.30, 齣ӡˮΣ¶⡷

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ʲôʾĻǡǡҪǷദʽʳϰߣ
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ʽĳͷ

2005.11.15

2005.25

(XYS20051130)

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Ӱѱӡй걨վɾʹע˳ԭ
ճĶͬԡ

˭Ϊܷѧҡԡ


20051130й걨

ѧһԡ¼粨էαָءϮԡģ
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״Ŀ죬ҷԶȱϿĸӵöࡢصöࡣ2005ɫй
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˶˭һԤԵģӽ롢СϪαͼ˻ʿ
ĻҶѡˡڹһֵܾ⣬αͼ
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صԶ

2005.11.30

ĵĲͣhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1197075204

(XYS20051130)

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廪ҽѧԺĲ

ߣϻ

廪ѧйʷẒ́Ŀǰ׳־һѧ
̡ҽѧԺǴУһزٵʵĿǰ廪Ҳ
ҽѧԺĽ跽Ͷ˾޴ŬҽѧרҵйˣҲ
ڴ廪ҽѧԺ

Ȼҵڴ廪ҽѧԺո𲽣ߡ

ڷָ䲻ʵ֮ǾڴԻķʽͣ
ŪˡʲôдɡȻԵĽȴǡͼ
ŪˡȻĽǣǿġһȻ䷢ͼ
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ʣԵһ˵Ƹͼݡǿ
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廪ѧҽѧԺ200110ʽģԺƸҽѧ˲šĹ
Ĺ涨ӦƸΪ1ӦƸ룬Ը롢ԤĿ
;Ѽƻ2˼Ӵѧʱ䲻ϣ3ַӳѧ
ˮƽйزϣĿ¼ı¼
ɵоĿȡҲ˵廪ʱҪύĿ¼
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ŦԼѧҽѧԺҽʦƸڡ͡оΡ
ѧְûмʱµļǲܷġ
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Ȼ԰Ƹͼݼʱġһǳ׾ӵĻԣ
˵йáΪҪأ˲²ļ
ΪӦƸ廪¶Ƶģˮִҽķ




ƪԵpaper-listоǸߵ

־J Gen Virol.) SCI impact factor 3.327list 
нһߵģTransplatation (3.568),ϧҲֻǵߡ
ûһ2ֵġJ Endovascular Therapy 1.845; J Surg Res.1.727, 
Artificial Organs.1.599, ձڿӰû鵽

hotbravery

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ܹദ廪ѧҵ
ˡ 

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廪ѧŦԼѧְλ

ߣblackbox

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ҽƻҽִҽʦٴо漰
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limitationsָԵļг1994-1998 ŦԼѧҽѧԺҽ
ҽʦ1998-2004 ŦԼѧҽѧԺҽƣƸڡ
ʱ¸ڣȷ˻ɡΪͨҽִտԣգӣ
̣ - Step 1 and 2󣬴ӵһٴҽʦڣм뾭3-4ס
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(Instructor) 3-5 (Assistant Professor) Ȼŵ
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лŦԼѧְλ

廪ѧ²ϵŦԼѧ²ʵ1994-2004ŦԼѧ
ְλȷǷٴƹ

limitations

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ϸһԵļͻ֪ҲԳơҽʦģ

# 1986-1994 ձӦѧҽѧ
# 1988-1993 ձӦѧҽѧҽѧʿ
# 1993-1993 ѧҽѧԺʿҽԺƷʽ
# 1988-1994 ձŮҽƴѧ , ֲ
# 1994-1998 ŦԼѧҽѧԺҽҽʦ
# 1998-2004 ŦԼѧҽѧԺҽƣƸ
# 1999-2004 ŦԼѧҽѧԺо

ûУֻԳŦԼѧҽѧԺҽʦ10
꣬һ֪ԳơҽʦʵʡҽͬġԳҽʦ
ҽȴǲеġ

廪ҽѧԺվϵļʽļΪΪԳơӦ
ʵǡҲҽѧԺҵһŦԼҽʦ
йҽ

Ҫ𣿵ȻˣΪ廪ҽѧԺƸڸڵ֮һǣ
ҽѧʿѧλߣӵ10ٴ顣http: 
//www.cnedu.nu/News/archive/02-04-18.htmûйҽʮ
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Reader, Senior Lecturer, Lecturer Teaching Fellow Teaching Fellow
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Student ڿΡȻTutor еĽѧT.A.࣬ T.A.ֻͨʵ
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tutorָѧѡպ personal tutorоȤ
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trackʦһЩ飬ֱӰѱ򷢵Ӣ
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fishĽ۹ƲһҲѧԲ
С⣬ tutorҲ²Ӧ part-time
ģΪΪŷ˵ĺѧϵܸfull-time tutorship 
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TutorshipӢ

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µơĵTutorǰ޵ӢͬӢû
Assistant LecturertutorӢһʽѧְλtutor
ΪԱ,ȫְĽʦlecturerȣְĽʦ
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˵Σһº fulltimeѧΪٿԣ
ġšܿԡϿβҪϸ֤ҲҪʦڵͷ
ΣֻҪѧУϿʣǩ contractͿϿˣϿεʦ
ǽڽʦҲܣģǲʿԱӵ
parttime/sessional teacherʸΨһǣһܹܳ20
Сʱ

׼ʿĿڣְƽζСĽѧȴ˽ҷ
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ǩ걨ϸӡһݵDURHAMֱӼĵУУ칫ҺоԺ
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ָʦSupervisor

ΪӢڿʽ˶ʿѧƶ̣ҵĵָʱ¡д
Ķһָʦ3оڹڲֻܴͬ
ۿˡ

ӢMasterѧdissertation supervisorȫְʦҲп
׼ʿһļְʦԲй˶ʿʦҲûʲô˲
ڽһ˶ʿйռˡһʦ10˶ʿдҲ
¡

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Ӣtutor

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insight

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ѧ֧ڹ, college֧tutorship. ֲʱ, ܻԺ
Ĳʿһpart-time tutor. Сศ, ѧϽ
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ˡ 

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㡣İԴһµ 

˹ǲʧأУʼұ𶯶ӶԱ
ڣ½սţʿ½ڣţʿ½
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תһ룬ǲԭģʵֳʲôԩٴ
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λ٣ԼӢʼҺڣ𶯶ӡ 

üһλ١μǲӣ񲻳˾ǲӣٴ
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䡡塡䡡
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ã桡塡£衡ң졡ͣ
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⣬İ滹һΣ 

ǰڣʦдԼʿͽҽԺů
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ꡣ 

˺󣬸оĪȶУȻսӳ조Ϊ
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š Ҵ˺Ϻжſ
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һɽȣʦסһԮӢϲӣ
ԡѪսоָӹͶⳡսУ־Ըʹܹ
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Աڣ½սţĹٱ½ڣţʿ
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ˣ̨У˵˷² 

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ʷҲЩ͵ͷˣʼٸߣǡʣǵһսܡԭ
ķߡ 

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ӣ  

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뱾绯ѧѧԭӦá

cheetah

һ绯ѧĴҵԱΪϵ漰
żȻһ뱾绯ѧѧԭӦá
ѧҵ磩¼Ϊݡһ飩ԭǼô
B.E.ConwayľƷڳݷȽȨӢдģĶ
Ǻܷ㡣뱾߿ʼȻʮָˡ

Ȼҵĸûгһ磬ΪĴͷʹˡΪ
ͷպдӢİ汾ϸĶգ֣
ƵΡ֮࣬˳Ծľ䲻ͨǲʤ
Ϊһεķ̲ʹãĿǰ£ҳ
ʾ£

һ
1.	Page 4¼дΪP4 10У
ԭģ the stored energy, G, is 1/2 CV2 or 1/2 qV, G being a Gibbs(free) 
energy which increases as the square of V.
ݡģGΪ1/(2CV2) 1/(2qV)ʽУGΪ˹ܣ
ɣ
1)ŷŴˣӦΪ1/2 CV21/(2CV2)ıҲԿ
V2ȡ
     2)˹ɣܣɼ˹ܣɣ
     
2.	P7 11СӦΪ
8УTefelӦΪTafelӦΪ¡

2
3.	P9ڶУС
Faradaic  Non-Faradaicܵģָͨ绯ѧġ֮⣬ʹ
ֱΪܵġȫΪӦġ֮⣬Ī
Faradaic reaction ΪӦӦĪд

4.	P10.1011
ԭģIn the cyclic voltammetry of such systems (see Chapter 10), the 
charging and discharging voltammograms are almost mirror images of one 
another,
ݡģϵͳУ10£ķУͷŵ
һһεľ

1) Cyclic voltammetry ɡӦΪ绯ѧзǳõһ
ѭ
2) voltammogramǡͼǽС
ʮֳãڽɽʰרҵпɲ鵽

5.	P122С
ԭģpseudocapacitance 
ݡģЧ
ӦΪ͵ݡαݡãڱ½Ϊα
ݡ͵ݡС

6.	P122
ԭģdelocalized conduction-band electrons 
ݡģλ
λӡ߷ĽзӦΪӡ

7.	P132.1еڶ
ԭģElectrostatic(charge separation at double-layer at electrode 
interface)
ݡģģɷ˫㼰缫棩
ӦΪѧʽɷڵ缫˫㣩߰ѻϵ
ˣ˫͵缫Ǵϵǲйϵ˼򵥵ľӡ

8.	P132.1 ӦΪ ԡ
ر˼ǣһpesudocapacitanceˡ͵ݡε
ˡ

9.	P142.2У
Alkaline, zinc-MnO2ΪZn-MnO2©ҪδʡԵġ
Ϊп̵ж֡

10.	P14,2.2
ԭģNickel-cadmiumNiOOHCd
ݡģNi-O-OH-Cd
1)ӡ֡
      2)NiOOHеСԲ㱻ûɻ˶̻ߡ

11.	P14 2.2
ԭģMercuric oxide-zinc, HgOZn
ݡģˮпHgO-Zn
ġˮġ

12.	P142.2ĵһС
ԭģIn a different class from the battery systems listed in Table 
2.2 are fuel cells 
ݡģ2.2гĵϵͳУһͬͽȼϵ
ȼϵزδ2.2гӦΪһأ2.2гĵ
ϵͬȼϵء

13.	P1412С
ԭģif Zn is used, electrochemical recharging is possible, but 
requires a bifunctional catalyzed counter electrode capable of 
evolving H2 on recharge or reducing O2(air) on discharge.
ݡģʹͿԽе绯ѧٳ磬Ҫһ־ֽ
Ȼͬ߻缫ܹٳʱųH2ڷŵʱO2
1)Zn̫ġ
     2) counter electrode 缫ӦΪԵ缫ɼ߸
ĵ绯ѧ֪ʶ
     3)Ȼͬ һ߼ϵģԭָҪִ߻õĶԵ

Ҳû׼ȷԭ˼ӦΪʹп绯ѧĳǿ
ģҪִ߻õĶԵ缫ܹڳʱŵʱ


14.	P152.3
ԭģModified cheaper transition metal oxides, metal nitrides
ݡģιɽ
1) ˡ
      2)ιɽǡεĹɽǡεļɽ
˵ĵһоǰߣԭ˼Ǻߡ

Ǵ˱ H in Pd H Pdһin˭ʲô˼
ֱͬΪӡLi-CLiCȵȡ

15.	P165
ԭģAs with batteries, bipolar electrode configurations can be 
fabricated for higher voltage series combinations; these diminish the 
internal resistance of the device,
ݡģڵأÿɸߵĵѹϹɣ
ڲ裬
1)series ڴӦǡǡС
2)Internal resistance 裬ҲǼĴʡáڲ衱


16.	P17 
1)ڶУԭܶȴԼΪ10^15ƽֵ
ӦΪ: ԭܶȴԼΪ10^15 /cmƽֵ
һλ"/cm"ô㣿
2)С3010^15CӦΪ30/1015Cű˳˺ 
3)7С
ԭģbut this is the average delocalized charge distribution 
associated with conduction-band electrons.
ݡģǷǾɺ͵ӽϵƽ
Ǻ͵صɷֲƽֵ

17.	P1716С
ԭģby using nonaqueous electrolytes instead of aqueous ones,
ݡģòˮĵ溬ˮĵ
÷ˮˮϵʡ

18.	P18
һУԭmolecular weight ӦΪǡ
ڳлѧѧ

ڶУ
ԭģThe electron number is 2 for Cd(1 for the equivalent weight of 
56)
ݡģCdĵ21ΪЧ56
CdĵΪ2õ56ʱΪ1
Ҳֱ̫ˣ^-^

УHi(OH)2 ӦΪNi(OH)2

14~18У
ԭģIn an actual two-electrode capacitor device, with one electrode 
worked against the other, the energy density will be about (1/2)^2 
smaller, namely, about 10wh kg-1 in aqueous electrolyte, since each 
electrode can be discharged down to only about half its initial 
voltage following  charging.
ݡģһʵʵ˫缫Уһ缫һ
ãܶȾͻΪСԭģ1/2^2ҲǴԼ10Whkg-1
ںˮУŵʱÿ缫ѹֻܽʼֵһ롣
һ
ԭ˵ʵʵ缫ĵװУһ缫һ缫Ϊ
ÿ֧缫ֻܷŵ絽Լʼѹͬʼѹһ룬ܶҲ
Լֻ(1/2)^210Wh/kgҡ

19.	P19ͼ2.1ĵ2С
ԭģThe ideal battery cell voltages on discharge and recharge, as a 
function of state of charge,
ݡģصԪڷŵٳʱɵ״̬

˵ǡڷŵͳĵѹǳ״̬ĺ, 
as ôǡأ
State of chargeǡ״̬ôǡɵ״̬

20.	P20һУ˫ЧӦ͵ЧЧӦ
pseudocapacitanceСЧݡС͵ݡ
һP27ĵ2Ҳͬ롣
ݷרҵ, ʶ㲻

21.	P26 2.5
ԭģAq. Voltage range 0~1.4Vnonaq. to 4.5V. in pratice, 3.5V
ݡģѹΧˮˮʵ
һʧԭݣҴin practiceǳԴʻ㡣
Ӧǣ
ѹΧˮϵ0~1.4Vˮϵɵ4.5Vʵ3.5Vҡ

ͬһл
ԭģRequire stacking for high potential operation(electric vehicles)
ݡģߵλʱҪۻڵ綯
ڸߵѹӦУ綯Ҫѵ㡣

2.6ıѧֻˡԡ

ԭģHas continuous variation of free energy with degree of 
conversion of materials or extent of charge held.
ݡģŲϵı仯̶Ȼɱʱ仯
ӦΪϵת̶Ⱥ͵ɵı̶ֳ仯
Ϊʲô֡ʱޡ

2.6лУ
ԭģBehavior is not capacitative, except in very general sense.
ݡģȥͨĹ⣬еԡ
ӦΪֲеԣǴһģϽ
ⲻǺ

ͬأConstant current ͨ뷨ǡߴȴŪˡ

ͬأConstant potentialҲˡλǷͬѰ

һ˱ԭһҲûпհ᲻
ԭģHigh degree of reversibility is common(10^-4~10^-6 cycles with 
RuO2 or C double-layer capacitors) 
ݡ:RuO2C˫ݵѭΪ10^-4 ~ 10^-6
10^4 ~ 10^6ѭ

22.	P27 2.7
ԭģDuring discharge or recharge has unique, single-valued free 
energies G of the electroactive phases involved.
ݡģŵ缰ٳʱҪȵĵֵܡG
1)rechargeǡ硱ɡٳ硱Ť
2)ðġȵġ
仰Ӧ룺ڷŵͳУصĵΨһĵһֵ
ܡG

P272.8 

ԭģ6. Has internal IR due to high-area matrix + electrolyte
ݡģڣ缫ֵ߱ʽӴӶڵ裨IR
ڸ߱Ļ͵ʣ裨IR
ġӴ֮壿

ԭģ7.Has little or no activation polarization but C may be 
temperature-dependent
ݡģкС򲻴ڣԼ¶ȱ仯
кܵͣûУݿȡ¶ȡ
ǡ֮Activation polarization ׼뷨ǣ


3Уequivalent weights ˡЧȷ뷨Ϊ
ԭǰ˼⡣

5Has less cycle life by a factor of 1/100 ~ 1/1000 due to 
irreversibility of redox and phase-change processes in the three 
dimensions
ݡģάԭ̵ĲԣӶнϵ͵ѭ
1/10001/100
ѭһ1/1000~1/100ʲô˼
ԭ˵ÿܰ1/100~1/1000˥˼û

ԭģCan be constructed in bipolar configuration
ݡģżʽγɽṹ
żӡ
˼ܰ˫缫ʽ족
DDDDDDDDDDDDDD

޸ĸĿ˵ڶ£߷ֵ3·ȫͬû˵ڶ
λðġ롱롰족Ҳ
鿴һ¸ǰԣ2,9ɵӿƼѧ˶ʿ
롭ȫɳ°ͳ塱Ȼ
9ٿϤķֳˡǣ9P166
һΣĴһЩӦͷǰӢİ滹һΣ
ĵʡˡǰᵽй֮޲͸
ٶѱīˡеоǾ䡰㲻һףԽԽͿ

ˣⱾ뱾Ϊ족ӦòΪɡ

ֵҵǣ½ڲλ룬еԱ
ֲ̣Щ½ڻòҲǸ黹ֵÿڡ

һרҵԷǳǿͼ飬ڷǳ̵ƪг˶⣬治
֪λ˶ʿζԴģǷз½ڵˮƽ
Ҹоߺܶطûжãȱĵ绯ѧ֪ʶ
ͨͳ˺ͻѧҵα༭Уô˵۾
ӵܵķ룬˭Ϊ˸һΣ

(XYS20051130)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ǿһͶһЩ

ߣ

һڵ˿ϣǿһͶһЩһ
ģ˳ַ̬ȡһͶһѧ̬⣬ʲô᲻
⡣ĵĿǵ͵Ĺڼѧļ֡ף
ǿƼ쵼⣬ûѧĿѧۻƵ
ɣֻνĳɹûܴѧץ𣬿չѧʽĿǰй
ѧҴม꣬ɣҲһͶŪٵġ
վܺãΪ¶ѧṩ԰أϣи˲٣
ҲϣƼ쵼ÿܹĶվ£ǳԺȡ

(XYS20051130)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Q.-S. J. YuѵġԼ¼֮ҼеĴ

Y.H. & SHEEPMAN


Y.H.

Լ¼֮Ҽйձ׼ȷ󱦵дµ
Q.-S. J. YuȶQ.-S. J. Yuѵĵԭģ

۾֪ʹձͳġߴУƵĶ棬ݣ
;ݵȹѧӵȫձõҽѧƵʵҲ
һЩٴָ꣬ĲʿҵPCR (polymerase chain
reaction) 

ձͼܹ鵽ձƲʿıҵģϸһ¾ܹ֪
ˮƽΡƵʵһ㲻ҽѧоʵҹģ󣬵ˮƽҲ
ҺܶƵĲʿڻҽѧоģ̫PCR

۶ӦӴѧKeio University, еνġӦѧ
ҽѧձҲֻǿܹǶڶʿڼ乤
ŮҽƴѧʹձҲδ˶˵

ӦӴѧҽѧձӦõҽѧеһ
һߵձ˾ܹ֪Ůҽƴѧõģ㣲
ɣ֪Ҳûô
ط漰ѧ⣬ձͼݼĽ
ӦڶŮҽƴѧõĲʿҲν֣ӦӴ
ѧȡõѧλ֪Ĳʿһһǿγ̲ʿ֣
ѧƣ꣩껹ܱҵģֻתĲʿһǹ
ˣһ㶼͵ˣ벩ʿγ̻ʱѧλһύƪ
ԼˮƽľԺ벩ʿѧλ

ձҽƶȲͬҪձҽҵձѧҽѧ
ձҽѧʿѧλձҽʸȡ䱾ƾͶҽѧ
ԺҽѧҽƴѧģձܳΪҽʦ̸Ρҽʦ
ɾͽأ

ձֻҪͨҽʦʸԺҽ׶εѵȡҽʸ񣬵μ
ҽʦʸԵʸǩ֤йϵһѧ߷ѧߵǩ֤
ʸμӿԵġ

⣬ԻõʯѧSmilingKaKa˵ǡGҽѧѧ
ҲԵļ̫õʯصĽѧ𡣹G
ҽѧѧڹѧԱģʵϾյѡ

SHEEPMAN

Լ¼֮ҼXYS20051124)һд

ΣѪƣδšѪϵͳļһҪڿƽ
Ѫѹಡȡеķ߸ƣһѪڿƣ
ȻеƴҲνġѪơǲָڸεֲ
зЩѪأĻ²һԣȻεֲ
лҪϵܣڲΪѪܼơ񲻸
ӷ⣿

߷һǳͼĴѪƲڣҪ
һ֧Ҫܰϵͳݣ
ţDVT/֫խխ
ȣжԽвܴѪرǶϵͳڷ
Һܳ䷢ҹżˮƽߺʳṹı仯Ҳ
ߡ

ҪֶΣڿơѪϵͳ
ơܶҽԺרơԳڱҽԺʵ磬
꣬Э͵ȾѪƣҸڸڲۺ֢֪

Ȥɲѧ֤ѪƼ½ڣ
½ŷѪѧվwww.vascularweb.org ;www.esvs.org 
Ѫ־ journal of vascular surgery.

ѪҽһҪһʵ⣬ڴ
ѧʱԼϽ

(XYS20051130)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

֣ݺԺѧ

ߣ˵˵

Ե"ͬƭӣզôһأ"һеһ

֣ݺԺȫΪ֣ݺչҵѧԺѧ
μӹУ2001ٰкѧ飬ԸУһ˽⡣ϣ
˿ͶͶ֮ǰʵеݡ

Уɼhttp://www.zzia.edu.cn/ver1.1/xygk/jianjie.asp

(XYS20051130)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

дҲԡظWhw



ѧƵоǱҪǷϲѧʷѧҲ
һЩⲻѧңЩ˽мβƻѧң
ƲνΪһЩѧ伮˼ͱ
ƷλеˡĿìܡ

ҵרȻѧûȤĿĿѧǼѿ
Լ䱾˾νȴЩˣǡҸоޱã
Ȼʦ״ļһ˴յķĿ¼Ŀ࣬ԵǷѧ
Ļˡ¡˿ֻšʷܿѧҡڽ̾ȹηȻЩ¡
Щ永ߡҸȻ⼸ڳ˴бֻ
С֣صȴϱԶΪࡣÿÿ˴աһʹ
WhwΪǶѧš縯ܶ۵ģȷϵԴǲ壬ҡ

ϲѧƼ򵥵ػΪ࣬ô˵Ҳũ
ҽġʷܡá֮֡ѧѧ
ѧǣӦǣѧѧƵġʷܡĺͿѧ
ĳν׼ȷѧÿѧȥоѧǳɹ
ʱԿѧȥоġʷܣֻڴʱĳЩ
вŵӦãҪɾĿѧҪߺܳ·ЦǣһЩˣ
һȻѧΪĩ֮ѧоϲΣһȴη
رĿѧĴ죬֪ӿѧѧλ֤ϵӢ˵ĵ
˵һһӦһЩComputer ScienceרҵѧѧʿѧλBachelor
of ArtsȻǲĿ磬оΪĿѧλPh.D.
ѧ޹ϵֵĳνֻǸʷ󡣼ߣ
ѧʦPaul DiracPh.D.Ϊɣӡ֤ѧӢΰ󣬻˹
ԡ֪λѧΪļһǷĿΪĿ
ˣС֮ġĳЩĿߵ۴Ŀƣ
Whw˵ġԵĳ񡱡ͽϹӡǼӽ̹Υ
๫ķѧαʷУĻԹԶ຦

ٴWhwʮֲġһʣʲҴģ˼
סչΡѧҵ޵רҵѧ֪Ŀѧ֪ʶܲϲ
ȻѧĿ˽Ŀѧ֪ʶ÷ḻ漰ˣ͵ƺĿȣ
ǰ߶߼Ǣ෽֤֧֡Ŀظԡ㹻ͳݡ©
ʵƵҪĿ޷ġԽʾʵڣrealityΪĿ
ȻѧԽѧÿʱ˾֪ʶ˼֮ߵ
Ļѧʼǻۡԡ֪Ĵ롢ӡ
ѧĿ͵ľǷѧĻ˺ѧԺＰеĴ
ѧʿǲ̸ĹػġWhw˵ķԽۣѧ
ķۣǲŽлҿ׵ظWhwûо
ƫ֪ʶ߱һԴɻо
ѧͬϸĻ۵ˣֻ͸ĸ֣
WhwʡȶǴĺʹ㲻㲻ѧҲҪش
ɵ⣬ʣֻ˵Whwûжҵ˼ţǼȥˡ

ԭкܶ࣬ƾʲô϶ѧĿơѧ鼮;
أ˺ܶ࣬ѧƾʲô϶1918Ա¼
йأش֮ǰҪȷ۶д֣
Դҵѧѧҷӵķѧͦѧڽ̾
;ηȻȻĵкжġЩͿĿȴ۴󿪵ļһ
һֱϲѧ伮ĳĳ䣬ӰŲ̨ȴ֡
ϣΥѧԭʷʵĺۡѧǲܶ
öҵϣŻ̻Եˣȥá÷Ҷġ顷ͻͺ
ġȻϵѧȫ˼롷񼣶ڳ
ڽˣӡڽȻʷ롶Ȼڽ̶Ի¼صġѧ
ڽ̡͡ΪʲôҲǻͽĹػȤģɶ׶
ྫʷҪ˵ġ崫ͳĵġ
˵塷

Ȼƾ˾оûκͳƲ֤ͶԳαѧ
뷴ѧɽ۵Ļ֮ͽУĿıѧ࣬
Ϊ۶ϵĴʲѧƻнΪ࣬ͬʱҲ
дDarwin on TrialPhillip JohnsonΪĿ͸¶ı׼
һ㲻ʲô֪ѧͷѧĻ˺ôҲ
ѧУܹȴа˵δȷ֤֮ǰĿ
Ǻܴġδ̻ܽδ֮Ҳ߶Щã
ʮ͵¬޷ߵػġ񡱡

Ҵδڼ߼˼άҲûжĿȫжϣָֻձ
ڵ⡣Ѵע⹫ҪȾű֮Ķ
WhwǷΪҶҪòνѲ˵Ϊƹ㵽ȫ
ˡĴûйڡǵ͵ûĻһҲû
˶Ӧ䣬ܶĿĿһ˼

֮ΪԣʵǰѧĿƵıǩ
ʱѾʧȥƽˡһʵ۶ϣٴWhwз
ѧͦѧڽ̾;ηȻУѧۣЩ
ǻҡɥǵWhwƿˣȥжѧ
ʢ¬缰·ëġġһеʲôѧҴ
δʹùĿɵ椡ʣһֱʹáĿɷŤһѵ
ΪѧṩɿмֵǡʵҸ
ʵ֤֪ʶҴδ˶ĿƵļֵ

ǹûƹʶԼۺƼ
καִáWhwߵض˵Ǻ͵»أ
һ̾ŵСѵWhwʶҵΪˣ򡰽ƾ˾о
ûκͳƲ֤͸С֪
ԱӣǿŮƽȶ֪Īŭ
ŮǶĿƵģ˶˵ǲ˵Ļ˭
˭ȥĿʲô£Ůʲô£治׵йһλ
bachelor of scienceҲӡ֤˵ģĿ޹أ
⡣ȻҲΪԵĳֻϣWhwܰµŪ
ôͷƪдһƪңҲɵ鿽һƪ
֡ҡǺ͵»ءƥ䡣

ǣڡǵ͵ûĻдʵ֤Ĵ󾭳ĿɷŤ
֤ʵ֤ѧİ䣬αѧĻĵȥ֤ѧǲɿ
ֵŵĽַһЧǡ˵׼ȷʵ֤ʵ
֤ѧĹϵͬαѧѧĹϵʵִ֤ѧ
ɡҪȣǰߵЩ̬ѧҲ֪ʮͶʮԺ
֪ѧ˭ͬʵ֤塣ʮλʵ֤Ĵ
ԼĻ۵չѧѵķ̰׵ĵضԣ
ԶҲܻ֪ǴĻѧɷ֣ռԭӲΪ
ԷŶѣʵԣڿѧе壬Ȼ
ѧĿȻʵڣϿѧ۾н͹ܡ

ǡһĿWhwҪ֤и㣩ϲʵ֤Ĵ˵£
ѧϡ߼ʵ֤ʽ΢ִ֤ѧѲʱˣҪ
ġЩϸصŪʵ֤塢߼ʵ֤塢
źһϵй۵ٷ۲١

(XYS20051130)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ˮΣ¶

齣

ʱˮΣ¼ҿܶ˵ˣұڹ
һ¼У͸¶׶ʹġ

1ҵĹص

ڸΣҵһʩжϸĲͼ⡢
κ¹ʵķ֣ܽżȻżȻıȻ
бȻһ档λıըüֻĹ˵Ļ˵ǳ¡ƽʱ
׷󾭼Ч桢Ψסʽ塢ȵȡ

2ҵƬ׷󾭼ЧԻȫ

ĺܶ϶嶼صĶãǼֻȻûʮ
ЧϴʩҲӵģûáɻ
һֱѲ˱ֻȾĶˡ

3ҵΣӦ

˵Ӱ˼ΣδѡĸΣҵƽʱҲƶϸļƻ
ӦԸֿܵͻ¹ʡֵ˾ȡըĴй¶ĴԱ
ɢ롢ıȵȡǾȻʱˮģûп
Ժˮôǰ˵ûЧˮ豸ˮ
ˮբܶûУҲû㹻ˮأյص
Ⱦ¼˾޴ľʧʮֶӵĹӰ졣

4Աͻ¹ǰȿǵԼɴǰյ밲ȫ

Ȼƽʱûкܺõ׼˴¹һҵֲ
νĿѧķչ⣬ȽԽ
ĻӦʵǣԿѧ̬ȷ¹ʡҪʶЩ
ԭ϶Իȫľ޴ӰͿܵ⣬Ȼѧ⡣Ȼֳ
ˮ𣬼ϴĻԭϵйʱӦþܵؽ
ھֲȻдرۿڣѸ֯ˡ侯
ʩλȻĵʱȾ洢أҲǿеģ
ҲȫԻסġʵϣеȾˮ7ʱ
260ɻƽÿٴԼ35Ǳը󣬼
еصĵŵְأһ춼ûжȾɻ
ȾֻҪһʱͿҪͣˮ֮ã

ɼЩſǵν»СС»˶ʵǿѧضԴ
⡣ЩӹٿΪôĽˮȫԽȾ߶ʲô֤ݣ
÷ˮվˮϡȾ˿ûоѧ֤ܻ
ʲôغֽԻȫͰյȫΪ۵ģɴ˿
һЩطŵĹϵڲìܻǵìܣ

5	ܱһ

ٳǱºһֱֳĬڹٳһ㶼Ǵһź
˺ֵܸ飬Уܱڹٳ켣
츣һգǣҲֳĬϣ󾭹
ӷãȾѾֱʵûа취
ˣűͣˮͬʱ˸ǵѡȫм޸ˮ豸
ȫͣˮ4졣ȲѼԼֵܡ

6	ź޳ſϹ

ڵ˶֪ιͣˮ뼪ֵĻըʱϵԣ
Ѿصı仯ȾꡪըľǱǰ
£˵֤ɽǼֵȻǿըĶǶ̼ˮ
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ġֵɻֶμĽʾȾﳬֹ
һٱΪԼɴñͼʮĻȫϷ
ɼЩԱ¹ǰѾϰߡж
ĽԻʲôӰ죡Ǻʵڲü˵ȫ
Ϊעֵܡ־͸ңΪΪ˱Լͬʱֵˮ
ȡģɾأ;ǵСׯҪìܡЩ˶ѧ֤
֪ץסҪìܺìܵҪ棩

7	Ʊ

ɣԹȾʵ飬Ȼ˵ǰΪȶȵȡ
Ҳй͡ΣΪǶԵģеġΪ
յġƱ硣һֳָܾڼ߻
ܵ˵һܾ·˵ЭۣʡҲӦ
ƣȾʧ͡ûȺɻˮ⡱ 
ʵΪô·ʮγйɻȾϢ
ʮ֮εĶ˹ͨ˵Ϣķ
мַʽڷһַʽطӰһЩҵͨ
ҲһַʽΪʡǿеģ֤Ⱥû
Ӱ졣ͨ⣬ 룬ڿʼȾˮ
˹ڣʮҵʱ䣬Ӱ̶ȻжĿǰ
ڼӰĳ̶ȻԽԽСڰ ʵءϸ
ͨΪʱҲ

ɼѣҵԱҴܰθ⣬ѵıҪ
θ߶ȡֻԵӦȴӦ¼֪ٱ

8	ͻ¹ǰȺǱȺ

Ⱦ¹ʣɻļ˿ڶӰ죬ûˮԴĲ
ǹУý屨˵ɻǹУƫĮ
˺ġý忼ǵҲԼýȷýýͻ
¼ǰӦ÷ӵáйǷŵȵġ֣ݵĽͷؤ
ʽһͨ˼ǧ£һЩݵ
ˣ˽һ¾ǣȫý񾭷з⡣

ιͣˮеλġѧܷˮܲǸ㣬
غȨŸ˵˰ɣͨ˭ȥģǣ
ȫ񾭣С򣬴ׯܺȹȾˮڹͣ
ˮ֪Լˮ⡣

9	ƹȻǲʵ

ڹǷͣˮͣˮǷ񹫲࣬ڲģע
鷢ôʱ䣬һֱǼֺͺ֮Ĳģ֪
ӹԺķӦʱϿؿһ㣩󣬻Эˡˮ
ͣ಻ԱЩǵĹԱʵҲһŵɣ
Цˣȫͣͣˮ޸ˮ豸ȵȫаջЩ
̵ģϵĴԣҥģעҵĴǣԵȫ
һĻҺǵڶֹһ汾ֲ
УáάȶΪʵʿǵԼٳ档
ǵľߵŲǰշɷ棬ҲǰǰչٳĹ
Се̶ڰղ֪ġûκηɿԣ
ǿ֮Ķ벩ġ

10ĹΣٱλ

ƽʱΣʱ̵ı֣ƽʱĻԵĻۣ
ĺһʧȥΡرԵľǵһ
豸ͣˮ淢ȫ෴Ч߻
һ߻Ǻľ档͸ûа취ǵΣǺ
ʡ˸ߵʾһˮȡǺܶŵĹ
ʱպϷгҲ˱̬˼ߣͷԼǣ
ЩΪͿأҪһ͸ľϵ
һ߸ϵʾôݵﶼԳԣԺȣ
Щݽѵһ𣿡һʲôªһ
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ֲûи˼ӣ25·ˡʡӡ
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9¼ұԵΣ

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10󲻷ְ֣

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13Ϣ˭

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