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05.12.06, ʦУġĹͬߡLars Ericsonڵ
05.12.06, ˡ帱УһͶ
05.12.06, ߡӦôȥʦѧУְ
05.12.06, ˡƭΪΰȻ
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ʦУġĹͬߡLars Ericsonڵ

ӰУĬѧLars EricsonΪ
ͬߡдEricsonѯʣĴ𸴡Ericsonڴ
϶Ҷƪĵɣƪԭʼ
ָ廹һƪģṩ˳ԭΪӢģ

װķʿ

Ϊ˴ѯʣṩϢ

4ƪķOikos 68:207-216 (1993) 

5ƪľݳƷEcology 81 (1993)ڣѸȷ


7ƪľݳƷOikos 74 (1995) ڣĿ
Carlsson U, Elmqvist T, Wennstrom A, and Ericson L. Journal of 
Ecology 78:1094-1105 (1990)һƪƣInfection by pathogens and 
population age of host plants.

10ƪľݳƷEcology 81 (2000) ڣĿڲʿ
"Disease patterns in natural plant populations" 1992꣬Ĭ
ѧеƪ֮һƣеһλͬߡòʿ
ҳбڷǳ棬˵1997귢ģ

11ƪľݳƷAmer. J. Bot. 101 (2001) ڣѸ
ȷĳ

22ƪľݳƷEcology 81 (2000) ڣעĿ
10ƪͬۡ

ҶԴ²֪顣

ϣҵļ۶㻹⣬ϵ

Lars Ericson
Professor
Dept of ecology and environmental science Umea university
SE-901 87 UMEA
Sweden

Dear Dr Shi-min Fang,

In response to your request, I would like to give you the below 
information.
Paper 4 is published in Oikos 68:207-216 (1993) 
Paper 5 in Ecology 81 (1993) - does not exist, but you have given the 
correct citation below.
Paper 7 in Oikos 74 (1995) - does not exist. The title shows some 
similarity with a paper published in Journal of Ecology 78:1094-1105 
(1990); Carlsson U, Elmqvist T, Wennstrom A, and Ericson L. Infection 
by pathogens and population age of host plants.
Paper 10 in Ecology 81 (2000) - does not exist, but the title 
corresponds to one of the four papers included in the PhD thesis 
"Disease patterns in natural plant populations" 1992 (Umea University, 
Sweden), on which I am a co-author. (This PhD thesis is listed at the 
very end on the home page as published in 1997).
Paper 11 in Amer. J. Bot. 101 (2001) - does not exist as stated, but 
you have given the correct citation below.
Paper 22 in Ecology 81 (2000) - does not exist; note the same title as 
for paper 10, and my comments above.

For your information, I have not been aware of this.
I hope that my short comments will be of some help. If you have any 
further questions, don't hesitate to contact me.

Kind regards,

Lars Ericson
Professor
Dept of ecology and environmental science Umea university
SE-901 87 UMEA
Sweden

(XYS20051206)

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帱УһͶ



帱УѼʱ˰ʦѧѧԺĸҳɾ7
ƪSCI¼һƪӢר˵ԼΪǳ

ӢĶDisease patterns in natural plant populations. Umea 
University Press, Umea, Sweden, 1997.Ϊ˵ĲʿģʱΪ1992
꣨μUmea University Library 
http://www.ub.umu.se/eng_default.htmе1997֪꣬
к壿Ϊڶ߷ġElmqvist, T., Liu, D()., 
Carlsson, U. and Giles, B.E. 1993. Anther-smut infection in Silene 
dioica: variation in flora morphology and patterns of spore deposition. 
Oikos 68:207-216.ȷģΪʲôҪɾȥǲɾˣ

ڡάѶ-ĿƼڿݿ⡱㿴˿ѧŪ
ԽԽϸƪ£ò̾塰¯ࡱһ
Ͷֽұ˵ѧϰһ㱨һ¡ؾ棺ǧ
ѴӦʵ

AΪڡ̬ѧ־ġҶٲȺյԵо
1995,14(2).-1-5

BΪڡԡġLiu, D(). and Ericson L. 2002. 
Studies on induced protective resistance in Geranium sylvaticum 
populations and interactions between pathogenic fungi. Biodiversity 
Science()10(1):29-37.

1òͬ׫д

ʵBΪEnglish, AΪĸܶEnglish
һ㿴ģҲٿģڸѧʵ൱һֲġ
˿ա

ΣԣſѧĻˮƽߣĵԽԽ࣬״

2任

ʵAĸ   ˹

Bֻĸе2λLIU DengLars Ericson

߳ԣԻߣȻ߲ͬҲ϶һ

3任˳

ʵAġ˳Ϊ1飻2ʵ飻3
˹ʵ飻

BResults1Disease development 2Field experiment3
Field  Survey; (4) Inoculation experiment

4任(ıʵʱ)

ʵ̫࣬޷һһ٣ֻһ

A13 

Ϊ˽ҶٲȺȻͷչ19896λ
䱱Karl GustavԭҶٲȺѡһ55m14m 
(6559'N2401 E) ؾP1eoeilleiPmorthieriUgeranK
ֲԭȫҶٲֲ(Nһ81)һһǣڹ۲
¼ÿ粡ķͷչ

B12 Field survey

A 5 5 14 m plot was established in June 1997 jn  Kukkula Karl 
Gustav parish Norrbotten province  (6659 N24Ol E)in a small G
sylvaticum population where all three rust species occurredThe plot 
is located on a dry to mesie meadow at the transition between a pine 
(Pinus sylvestris)stand and an arable field All Ge ranium plants f = 18) 
were tagged and examined for disease symptoms in the June and July
and in the second half of August of 1997 1999

չǼٵģٵľáٽƻĺҲˣȺڵ۾
ѩģ֤ΪʲôƪǶľαһͶ
١

Evidence 1: ABSTRACTҪһ

AInduced protective resistance may be one important factor in 
explaining disease patterns observed in natural plant poputions.

BInduced  protective resistance may be one important factor in 
explaining disease patterns in natural plant populations

һƪµҪԣҪԿѧĹ״СƪµҪ
һʹһͶڶƪBҲûзıҪ

Evidence2ߵʵϼʵ鷽ʱ⼸ͬ

㲻ö˵ȤĶ뿴ԭġ

Evidence3ߵĽкܶһ»򾭹΢޸ġ

Bı1Aı1ϼNo. of cases references

Bı4Aı2Bı5Aı3Bı6Aı4ȣֻ
޸ʱͲ

Bı6A4ĻH͵ĺɫߵ8.0+1.96Ϊ12.0+1.96

ؼ֤Bı3 LegendʱΪ1998 and 1999, ȴΪ1990
1991,޸ġ

(XYS20051206)

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ӦôȥʦѧУְ˻áеġƭȡĿо

ߣ

ڡ˿϶йذʦѧУڡ岩ʿй
о̬ȣΪܡôѧУڡ격ʿ
ôôͼ˲ܵ飺ѧ٣Żɵ̬ȣ߸
Ĭѧ̬뻷ѧϵLars Ericson
(http://www.emg.umu.se/eng/staff/lars_ericson.htm) ȡϵ£

Paper 4 is published in Oikos 68: 207-216 (1993)

Paper 5 in Ecology 81 (1993) - does not exist. 

Paper 7 in Oikos 74 (1995) - does not exist. 

Paper 10 in Ecology 81 (2000) - does not exist

Paper 11 in Amer. J. Bot. 101 (2001) - does not exist as stated

Paper 22 in Ecology 81 (2000) - does not exist

ͬʱLars Ericson˵֪£Ըйزų¡
йʡйפʹݽʡ¡
̫й˶ˣΪС͵ͼŮɳܡ

˵һġ [Liu, D. Disease patterns in natural plant 
populations. Umea University Press, Umea, Sweden, 1997.]֪
ĲʿѧλƪɡҪһƪұǵһ
ƪǺ߷ģͶģ(ͬѧͬרҵ
ͬ)ԵġʵĲʿ (Lars
Ericson saidThe thesis is published and available through the university; 
however correct year 1992)Ĳʿа˺ͱ˺
Ͳ˵ǡΪ1992Ĳʿ˵1997ġרȻ
ԼñΪܡţ

⼸꣬һЩܲ (磬˿ǰ¶˽ΰ֣࣬ԣ
Ǹ) 첻ȥˣò⣬ȴŰŻعƭ裬
ºڣ

ڱ˿¶ٶҳɾȥЩ׫ģⲻӰ
ٵʵ

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ƭΪΰȻ

ߣ

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˲ţǮ˼ˣҶ˼ˣͷȴǸƭ
ӡһ·ȥһ·ƭˡ

ƭҪ򣬱ƭҲֵͬ顣ƭڴ֮ͥ
°ѱ˵ĶԼġظԺʿڱУúԶ
廪ԱȶһΡ΢õģʶơƭ
꣬ȻȻˡѵʦ˰ѿõ
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סһУҵ֪ˡ973ĿģʡǮûƭ
ҶЩǮһֹѧУ˵˿͵ˣû˷
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ΣУĿӱ˰ʦû뵽У
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Ĳ·¹شҪҪѰʵ帱УĽܳ
ѧУ϶٣ܰȫĸУͨͨһɸӣǲźá

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»硰šʦרʦ걨ڱ鴦

ʦרʦ걨ڱ鴦
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һͳƣǷ94α¼100
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ˣļƪ¼һ£

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Ҷɽǰ뿪SAN DIEGO ScrippsоЯ˷֮ǰ뱾ǽ
ڣһֱҪѣ񱣳ϵʵǣҶɽ
ûְ ԻعְδVIP 
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ĺѧߡΪдŶSEARCHһ£һƪ½ʵӳ
ҶԸصѧ˳ṩڴˣο
http://bynews.bjmu.edu.cn/200502/article/2005-04/2857.htm

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ǲ˵
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ģ


ϺһСų2005ĩʱ򣬼һν
ԩķ粨֮һϴˡ⵹
СٴγҲĻ

νġ¼ȫģ111տʼλڱͨ
ׯͨ˳ʼһ̭ʵʩע䰲
ԭĿյϡǸĴ񿴵֮ϣ118գ
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µĲᡡ︣ٴߵʹġ˺͡ųƵ
Υſ͹۵Ĳϣע⣬ר⡣

壬ǷĻѧв͵һ
ɣǱ˵á(Peter Singer)šһߡ
ĸȻǧС塱︣塱ڶţһ
ͬ㣬ΪʱڸߵȶҲиоԣҲǵ壬
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壬ƽ壬ǰءʷ(Albert Schweitzer)
ηһںŵߡȶһѵ
ķΧӶ󵽵еͻѧ϶(Animalia)Ե
ơָһεģͳ֮Ϊ̬壬̬
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ֵۡ߻ķ˹޶˹(Holmes Rolston III)ķ˵
(J. E. Lovelock)Լ̬ѧ߰˹(Arne Naess)
ֽ̬һѵķΧӵϵ󵽰
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ܼΧ

Ȼڷ壬ȻҲͰѲ˷۵
ìܣһԳ⣬֮κζǶ
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ˣǾͿԵóۣͨ˳¼УȷҪ
ΣΣ߸Ρ

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ΪЩɶǱȽʵȽϳֵģˣ͡ת
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˵Ȩ棬ǲһأͬΪ͵ƥͨ
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ʱڱҲһг˵Ļڵػ൱ڵġܹ
ȷȫԷչΪһĲҵΪµľ㣬ΪʲôҪȡ
ޣΪһС¾ȡޣĻڵ棬Թйڵ
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õḼ̌ķһ쵽֮ǰⲻһԸ
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⣬ȨȻġʹĿ͹۴Ҳ޿κΣ
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Ȫ͵гʱô˵ģ

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֪ͷŮﾯ˵ƥ͵ܶ
ʺٶھѵתΪϰʹãеĻ
ִרݣ2008˻Ϲ˶ԱѡáЩ
ǱģԶĺ

λȫû淴½ȪĹ۵㣬͵оһͨ
ȫţͷ졣ҺƪµߣͷŮﾯ˵
ƥϰƥгɳô죿

Уںšѳ½Ȫȫɱ⡱֮ĻЩǲ
ֵһˡ⵹ʹ뵽¾߲ܱӡһƪ¥ɱĶȨ
£ᵽһλȨ«ݶһ£

һΣһϴһŮѧ־Ըߣҧˣ޺«
ʦ«ʦ«ȴһ£ð˳ȥ

ܱӡòϣЩϣͿж«ݶѾ൱صϰ
Ӧò˷˼ķǳ֮١ɼȨԼҲ
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ڵķ壬ʮ֮󣬾
ʮķչ۵֧穣صӦģЩ
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֯ȡùͬʶʮ۵ҵţͼΪ
ԶʵֵģΪϾһԵ硣

2005.12.05

ĵĲͣhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1197075204

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ų̬ȡⲻ֪ڴȾ¼Уֵܾû
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ΪǡҹԴᣬ¶Ⱦ¼ĴҪ졣̬϶
ʧ½񻪾ֳò̴ְͬʱϰҲȴ
꣡

ܾһֱȱõĿƼƫƫҪϴԾӣƽʱע
ŽڻĿƼͬУӶһЩش󻷾ƵƵʧ
ٴ¶š 



ܾ־ֳɻȾ¼ְ
»£յ硡(Сףйһܾ
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ߣBiodegradation

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ˮϡͣ̿ˮͣˮֻ񷽰ΪƵǣ
ȵԼȾˣ뿪ǰɾרҹԱ
ǰɻĽ׺ĵ൱Ⱦˡ

㲻Լ˾ˣй©ǲӦý
ǼӴˮˢǲǿܿеˮȾĽˮ
ȥϵȻѽ⣬ѱ죬ߴ¶ȣǲǿܸ
شȾ

ڵ񷽰꽭ˮⶳǲֵڹſһֻ
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ٻרңǻߣԡѧתл
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ѧƿѧݣǣѧ⣬֮κһ˶δ
⡣

衰How much richһµĽճӴڻ
۴಻ǿѧġЩЩ壬Щ
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