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˿¶Фëë꡶ùũߡľľݮζ
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¶αţϷܿߺܱıαŵһ֤

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죬༴20051214磬յϷĩվÿ
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˵ڡءһϷܿ1212գ༴һĳ
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һλϸļߣܽΪһλļߣȻλְλ
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ѧңαʿıȫǡϷܱܿ༭ͼʱ
ı

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ıԣֻðѸλһг롰ıԶԺ
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⾴󵼺ͶԺרõα

ߣ

ƾ־˹ھѧͷѧ⾴ȫƽ
СλרҶתʽתְ.:



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صҪؼ۸ŤûеõЩطִʵϱ
ɸԱԼԸȥṹ㡰󹤳̡̡͡
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ȫ˵ҪְǹƷṩߡгĴߡ
ȨάߡְܵıǷˣĸ
ҪĿꡣ˽˲ƷǹƷ¹Ʒṩز㡣

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ëֻڵطҿһֲȷжϡطκһ
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ȥȡԼ档趨ʵƣʹֲܹݡ
ˡƶȴ಻ĵط磬Ѳֵ
Ҫָ꣬ءҪع涨˹͵ļ۸񣬵ȵȣ
ȻԱϧʱԴķȥ׷󡱸ƺͲֵ 

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ȫ깫ĴļලרעڲֵԴĽߡƻ
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֤йԱԾԸΪı

빫ƽ

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ҪְܡңƶȷĿǰΥṫԭ
һ⡣ҪƵؽ⣬ҪŪƽĸԴ
֢ܶҩ벻ƽܵԴһǻĲƽȣһ
ǽĲƽȣҿĿǰйƶ⣬ҪԻĲƽȣ
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͡Ϸܿɷú̸Щ

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Ϸܿڰרɽ¶ű

ߣйũ

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ˣƽ͵㡣

ҶԼëƤĳȤ12345ᵽ˭Ѳɷø
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Ҫĵĸɻzhongguoren12345Ŵҵνԭ
⡣

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϶Ҫ˹Ŀġɷùأ֪һԵ
˹Ŀǻܷ]

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Ӧһְҵءzhongguoren12345ȴ֪Ӧ
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ݣʮ⣡ΪԷԣȨҪȷǷ
ʵݵġ

ͬԳŹߵô˵˵ũ֪
˵ʲôΪá
==================================================


ߣzhongguoren12345ظڣ2005-12-1510:04:06
˺ӶϷܿĻҲ˵䣺
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ҲϷܿˣţһߣڲɷУԲɷö
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˼˵Щ˵ģôãȥϷԺ
¼ó׺û˵Щˡ
˵ⲢǼߵǼߺıʱӵĿѧ
ݡôһºԺʿ:˭㲻йˣҲиӵĿѧ
ݣ
㻹˵һṩһ¡ܿߺ򵤶Ҿ͡Ժʿ
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ֽ־ߣ
ôҲҪһ䣬ҪЩԺʿҡͷԺʿҪﵽ
ѧġҦԪ

(XYS20051215)

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˶Ϸܿý

ߣӢ

ҿĶӱ֣ʧʡǮ
һ꣡ԺԶܾϷܿãôţһӴ

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һ㣬֣ЩߣģҺڵģôϧ
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ļ˭˭ùĿļߣ˭˭ù

ӵ̳˿ҿĲ߾Ȼ5λаס
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ҿ⣬ӦõԶ

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յʱܱ5ƪ

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յһţ332.70Ԫ
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ȷ׵ıԡ̡ҲǹڸУԱ
оڽһѧĵ·
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ܴ¹ڡϮڡܴ¼ιصʵҸΡ

˿1213շϮڡܴ¼ιصʵ
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йӳϮ¼ҵĲʿоʯʹѧְʦͯ
ï812ա˿ͼ˵ϸ˵

ͯïұ˶Դµ̬ʼնǸκģйҵ
ѧԴ¼ǳӣʵ¼ĻϣѶ
ͯïʿоӦ

κ˶ͨйҵѧز˽
ʵϵ绰
йҵѧ칫Σ01062331201
йҵѧԴ밲ȫѧԺ֧ǣ01062331409

ұһҵҵɹ̤̤ʵʵѧҵı֣
ԭСˣͼϵУȡʿѧλδԸ
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ʱ;ֹı绤֮Уθһ١ٶ
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˵

һ13ӳƣΪйҵѧΪʲôܴκδ֡һ
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20051215

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ţڡСС˲ѧã໥ͨѶϵˡĻӦĻӦ

һעйѧ

죨1214գҿˡţԡСС˲ѧã໥ͨѶϵˡ
ĻӦ1ݣ³ΪţӦģ˿ԡ١
һͶѧܶ౨ΪЩ֤ȷ䣬ʵױ
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һұȽ׷֣дˡСС˲ѧã໥
ͨѶϵˡ2ݣ³ΪСģϣܸţ
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ӦˣôǷţӦģ1ݣǶӦĻӦ

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ͨѶϵΪˡϺ桱϶ҲţԼˡ

տŵŷ

ڡţӦģ1ᵽ˴δԱ˹Ϊظϱ
оУ֪ҵĺҲûлҪ㱨ɷšС֮
ġҪʣǲǽûлҪ⣬ԺҲûأǲĵ
ʱͨѶϵ˵²Paper List
ĹͨѶϵ˵ĺʱ
Paper ListţԼͱ

β֣ĿǲΪ

Ƕϣ໥ҲûзԺ
Ӧвεģʱ˵ΪṩҩƷԭϣΪƷ
ԣԼĺЩӦµ
ֲֻ֣ᣨΪǲܰĳһصȫϣ
лбʾлΪͨѶϵˣ˫ͨѶϵˣţ
ĺ߻ϣΪ˫ͨѶϵ˵ķǼĺ
ֲΣǲЩܼ򵥣ֲֻᣬǲǿԱʾлģ
ǹˣǲǽҪģǹҳ˫ϵˡƪ3
жԶDong SJ׾ͱĺܵ壬лжԶ
Ͱʾл⣬ҷֹ3ݵûжţӦ
ģ1еChem. Commun. Issue 33,2005, p4193-4195.ж

һӷһ°ɣµһƪ4ݣƪ
ժҪWe developed a sensitive, simple and low cost method to 
determine methimazole based on capillary electrophoresis with 
electrochemical detection (CE-EC) at a carbon fiber microdisk 
electrode (CFE). We investigated the effects of detection potential, 
the concentration and pH value of the phosphate buffer, and injection 
time as well as separation voltage on the detection of methimazole. 
Under the optimized conditions: the detection potential at 1.30 V, 10 
mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), injection time 30 s at a height of 
20 centimeter and separation voltage at 15 kV, the line arrange was 
obtained from 1.0 10 7 to 2.0 10 4 mol/L, covering 3 orders of 
magnitude with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The LOD (S/N?3) 
obtained was 5.0 10 8 mol/L. The RSD of migration time and peak 
current for 2.0  10 4 mol/L methimazole was 1.04% and 1.54% (n?10), 
respectively. The method was also used to analyze methimazole tablets 
and human urine sample.

ëϸܵӾ绯ѧ˲ⶨmethimazoleϻ򣩵ķ
Ҫǵ绯ѧǺëϸܵӾøѹԴ ҩƷǼϻ
λҺƷҩƬţɲʿоƪ
ӦɲʿĹȲƪµˮƽISI
capillary electrophoresis  electrochemical detectionؼʣ
892ƪΪ1989ꣻһãëϸܵӾӦһַ뼼
ɣһֶϻ˭˭밡Ҫңͼ⣬
ҵȷëϸܵӾĶҪʣţɲʿ
УṩʲôҩƷƷһ
Ӳṩʲôѵѧ˼ģṩʲô
ķǿֲֻأӦñʾлҪǱ
ҳ˫ϵˣѵһƪʵ鱨ʵҪ
ʿʦĿͨ

ϣÿӣ뷢Сģ2ݣţɲʿ
ҪӦǸǺͱƴˣ˫ͨѶϵˣѣԺ
עˡķҲ˵ʲôΪں
˫ϵ˵¡Ҫһµ໥ǲΪ
棬Ҳ֪

ġڶ֮

ڡСģ2Уֻ漰һ⣬˫ͨѶϵˣڡţ
Ӧģ1ݣᵽûгϮݼɿϹˣû
һͶݼɿϹҲˣûñ˽¼ǵǵ
£ȻԼһͨѶϵˣݼɿϹ¸ˣ
ǲڶ֮ӣҡûеûзȨ

Ҳ˵ˣϷҿǲǡ޶˵ָ𡢷顢ԡ
׽ӰͬС1ݣǲǡһЩĵ˵ġ
ͷ 1ݣǲǡ˾֮ġ 1ݣǲǡΨ²ҡ 1ݡ



ݡţԡСС˲ѧã໥ͨѶϵˡĻӦṩҳ
http://lniu.skleac.orgٿţҳɡ½󣬵Ҳ
PublicationsPublicationsafter May 2003ɼɵƪ˫
ͨѶϵ˵УֻLi Niuһ˴*Jinying Sunȷ
Electroanalysis Vol.17, No.18, 2005, p1675-1680.Ӧɲʿ
Ĺȫ֤ţĻԡ˴δԱ˹Ϊ
ظϱоС

ο
1	
http://xys.3322.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/niuyou2.txt
2	
http://xys.3322.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/niuyou.txt
3	Yanfei Shen, Yuanjian Zhang, Qixian Zhang, Li Niu*, Tianyan 
You*, and Ari Ivaska, "Immobilization of Ionic Liquid with 
Polyelectrolyte as Carrier" Chem. Commun. Issue 33,2005, p4193-4195.
4	Jinying Sun, Chunying Zheng, Xinli Xiao, Li Niu*, Tianyan You*, 
and Erkang Wang, "Electrochemical Detection of Methimazole by 
Capillary Electrophoresis at a Carbon Fiber Microdisk Electrode", 
Electroanalysis Vol.17, No.18, 2005, p1675-1680.

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Nature & ScienceǲһҰ־

С

Ũġ¡ؽܶũҵѧǿڡ󣬾͸оˡNature & 
Science϶͡NatureScienceûɶϵȻһ飬Nature 
& Scienceһ2003ŴĿȻųǡInternational 
Journal߼һɫйߡЩ˼ÿڶ
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ݻʯ岩ʿѧģģ

ߣһ

ȻݻǾJACS༭ϸŷģô
µӦõõ֤ġǣǲ˾ͰѱȫѹJACS༭
ⲻ֪ĵJACS༭ĸһĳһĸ͸
νҵڵġרҡ˵ġЩרҡ󲿷Ƿѧ
ʿǲϹ֮޳֮ͽܶԼһϲͨȴ
װ½ۡƩ˵ǸʵһһЩ֪թȴ
ƫУǵѧӰ죻еǻͨޣ
໥ף޳֮ͽԣʯ岩ʿҲJACS
֡

Ǹʵͬ־ˡһͰʸһ
׽𡣿ǣʸܱ֤㶮׽ôҿʸʯ岩ʿ
ȣֻδˡһ˵£˼ҾѾ֪Ƿˣ
ʸжϣ˵ʯ岩ʿJACSϵı˵ǴCO
CO2, ûCO˵ʯ岩ʿıõò׼ȷ
λʵΪ˵׽ܴ߻CO½˵һ
ײ˽߻ֻɵ⡱֪ν⵽Ķ

ʵͬ־˵ʵϣƪһJACSASAP articles
ϹҾע⵽ƪ¡ʱĸо׽ܻCO2ˣ
׽߻Ǵǰ; ˵λͬ־ʱһδϵ״̬
һƪ¾͡о׽ܻCO2ˡ˵׻
пԭǾô½ֻۣ˵ǲװˡǽֿˡ
߻Ǵǰ;ֻ˵ǳ˵ˡ

ͬ־˵ȻҲasymmetricalһһЩ
á ʵһû˵ʲôãֻ˵׽ûCO2
ãͬ־ĸоȫ෴λͬ־ɷнµذϿѧ
ʯ岩ʿ⡣Ҳǲװı֡涮ʯ岩ʿģ
ǾͿɿʯѾìܰٳϿѧĽʯ
ìҲϿѧĽҲ˭˭ǵġ
һ䡰ϣϿѧʵǿɿģĻҵ
еġ֤Ͳţ

λͬ־ֻϹ塣ţ뿴һΣ

ӽ֬HAuCl4ú󣬳׽
⣬OH- Ҳᱻ Cl-Ȼӽ֬Ͽ
ѧڵĽ߻õɵȻӽ֬ 
˵׽ȥTOF͸ˡȻ˻
ģӦûԸ߲Ŷѽûظʯ岩ʿʵ飬ķ
ֻǻƪµԷ

Ǻųһ׽˶ԡ׽߻ʶȣ
׽𵽵ǸɶеĽʲô̬ڶͬ־ȻΪʯ岩
ʿĴ߻ϵġOH- Ҳᱻ Cl-Ȼӽ
֬ ҪʣһĻѧ˭̵ģӵܰͬ־˵
ϿѧڵĽ߻õɵȻ
֬ʵϿѧĽֻüӽ֬Ӧ
û֤ʯ岩ʿĴ߻ϵ߻õʲôϿѧ
ô˵ģInsoluble ion exchange resins, one type of polystyryl 
supportedcatalysts are efficient and reusable heterogeneous 
basic catalysts for the synthesis of propylene carbonateѵ
basic catalystsȻӽ֬ôҲ˵
ǼԵͬ־ʯ岩ʿ׽TOFеͬ־Cl-
TOFҲеȻͬ־ԼҲˬˬػԼһԳķ
ԷأЦìܵġһ䡰ûظʯ
岩ʿʵ顱ȥģ˵ͬ־׽ǰˣԣ
ͬ־һ䡰ˣûпϿѧ֮ǰҲͬ
ⷢġԲĴ󻰣Ųãֻ˵ڿϿѧ֮
ǰͬ־ʯ岩ʿƪѧġһϲͨġ

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һ׵ġݻʯ岩ʿѧģһЩ

Goldman

ǰ쿴˿Ϲʯ岩ʿģ֡Сһסѻ
дأҶˣǰ2ƪΪҲҺģۡ
ǿƪʯ岩ʿJACSϵ£úҵое
ԾϸĿ˿

Һʯ岩ʿƽϵǿһסѶƪµ
ۣҸее㲻Կһײ߻ģԶ
һЩ޿ɺǡǣûиʵ֮ǰðȻˡ
һƪƷĽۣǲǷף

Ҹ֪Ĵ߻֪ʶһһЩشûĿģ
ֻø֪ʵ

ǰǷƪʣϣģóƪʵһƪѧ
ۡٿƪJACS2005,127,4182-3ģ˵кϢ

ƪJACSƪͨѶSupporting Information.ƪ£
ЦԷǡܵĸоǣһƪƷ

ȣµı:From CO Oxidation to CO2 Activation: An 
Unexpected Catalytic Activity of Polymer Supported Nanogoldǣ
ֻ˵CO2ֱ뻷ķӦûἰνCO⡣
ͼͼı⻹Ŵλá

Ȼһ׶Ŀ˼˵CO
CO2ĻΪ߻һӦþCOĵƪҲ
ˣ1ƪµҪоCO2Ļ⡣
ͼ1ͼ2ıⲢûзŴλãһָFigure1Figure2Ļ
Scheme 12ıȷŴˡ

ڶ׽Ʊȫճ£

Preparation of Au/poly: polymer immobilized Au catalysts, Au/poly, was 
prepared as follows: 2g of dried polymers ca.phi0.5mm, Amberlite IRA 
400 (poly1), Shandong Dongda Chemical Industry Company, Zibo, 255200, 
China) was pretreated with 2M NaOH solution for 6 hours and then 
filtrated and washed with distilled water for 3 times (10mLx3). After 
drying at 80 C for 3 hours, the ionexchanger was dipped in 
0.001~0.006M solution of HAuCl4.4H2O and dried at 150 C for 6 hours 
and polymer supported nano-gold catalysts named 0.01wt%Au/Poly1, 
0.05wt%Au/Poly1,0.1wt%Au/Poly1 and 0.5wt%Au/Poly1 were obtained.  The 
gold contents were 0.01wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.1wt% and 0.5wt% respectively.  
Using Amberlite IR-120 (poly2) to instead of poly1, another catalyst 
named 0.05wt%Au/Poly2 was prepared.  It was worth to note that the 
procedure for preparation of the catalysts had great effect on the 
catalytic activity and some unclear factors usually affected the 
catalytic activity severely.

⣱HAuCl4ҺǶ٣

𣺸еıжϳƱ߻ķʵǽշ
impregnationǴ߻ƱõһַԭʼҺеĽ
ȫصϣҲΪʲôп׼ȷõ
0.05wt%-0.5wt%LoadingĴ߻ǣȷвϽ
ĵطΪʹͬһĴ߻ҲɲͬŨȵԭʼҺxͬ
õЩҲӰ쵽յĴ߻ЧΪһϽĿԱ
ӦȷıȴдıȽϺӦָ

⣲ÿҪdipã

ǰһش˵ƱImpregnationDip
˼ǰŵҺһóҺ
ˮɣõ߻

⣳HAuCl4Ũ߻ĺֻô
£

1ش˵ŨȳԲͬԵõͬĵ
ĵǿ仯ġ

⣴0.1wt%Au/Poly1 and 0.5wt%Au/Poly1ҲǴҺƱ
Ƿ񣬶Ӧ˵ûС

ﲻǺϽӦָƱ

⣵ip˵Ѹ߷ӷŽҺһȡdipô
֤׽loading֣ǹˣ
HAuCl4Һͬ֬һɣΪʲôṩϸ˵

1ĻشƱǽշԹ߻ƱϤ˶
֪Ȼһײ߻ģǺǡ

⣶ǰHAuCl4Һͬ֬һɣôô֤׽ľ
أƩ˵ܼHAuCl4ҺŨȾͻԽԽ׽
߶ҺŨֱӹϵôγɵ׽ȾͻԽ
Խѵʲô㹫

ܼĹУȷ־ֲŨȹŨ󣬵ͨһЩֶ
תȽϾȵĿֲڲҲó
TEMƬȷϽĿֲǾȵġ

ɴ˿ɼ׽Ʊܶࡣй׽ĽṹԵĻǰ
͵ò֤ˡ
⣬ȼٶƱǳɹģôǿ
ߵо˼·ɡ
߿żɽ϶CO2뻷ķӦ׽Ҳʲô
̬߻ģǱʲô֡ô

⣷ô֪÷Ӧ׽߻ģΪʲôѱų
½ۣ

еTable1Ѿ˵ĺûеؽľۺpoly1ûд߻
ԣ˽֮ԴǿԵ˵˽Ĵ߻á

⣸ӱеݿTOF׽ɷȣentry2~5
ƺ˵׽𲻵߻Ӧ谭ӦġЦɣôݴ
ó׽Ǵ߻ӦĽ۵ģ

TOFͽĵɷȺ⡣Ϊڴ߻Уλ
׿棬ڸߵ¿ԱȻλλ/
ȵ͵СTOF͡Ҳ˵еĽԭӶ߻
ӦǴ߻Ļʶ֪һ׵ġƺ˵׽𲻵߻
Ӧ谭Ӧġʲô˼

˵TOF׽ıйأƩ˵ȣ׽Ŀ
󣬱ͼС˵ʱԽΪӵ¡
ô

⣹ǲ˵ʱӵܱСʱӵ
ҪС, ǡóɷȣ֤ݺڣ

һ˵ͨTEMƬϵõƽΣԼ
ͬÿȻô߻ܵĽܶȵõ
ÿͿԵõĿ
̿ȱһݽԭӵıȱܶȿλ
ȱܶȿԸݽľṹFCCͿԵõǣΪTEM
ĿֱֻܸһƽֵʵʵĿҲΣ
ּ㷽һǣǴ߻õķҲõ
ϡ

ᵽ0.5wt%Au/Poly1Ƚϣ0.5wt%Au/Poly߻ģǣòʺܵͣ
Ϊǰ߸߷ļȶ׽ӣߴĻܡ
ô

⣱ӣΪʲôȶ׽ӣעӴ
磩ƵƲҲΪʲôܣӾͲ
ܣ

д߻֪ʶ˶֪ڴ߻ӦУֲͬӶԷӦЧ
ȫͬģΪһȶӾƵһҲһ
ȶĽۡȶӿΪԺͽγɽΪȶ


⣱׽Ǳȶˣô߻ӦýͲ
ǡΪʲôʹ֮ȶĻʹߣ

𣺡ȶstabilizeһҪʹ߻ԣ֪һð
⣿ڴ߻Уȶ߻˼кܶ࣬缾ȶӣ
ֹ׽ڷӦоۺϣsinteringӶߴ߻ԣǷǳ


˵Pd/Poly1Rh/poly1Ӧ˵׽߻
رCO2Ĵ߻ԡǣ

⣱Ҳ˵߻ƱԴ߻Ļо޴Ӱ졣ô
ʱPd/Poly1Rh/poly1ĵͻΪʲôͲΪƱӰ£

Ϊƽ֤Ĵ߻ԣͬʱƱPd/Poly1Rh/poly1ΪԱȣȫ
Ϻ߼ͬƱ£ֳĻԵͣôȻΪ
ĻҪ2ֽá

˵ʹùĴ߻½Ӧڽ£û˵
ӦʱǷͬ

Table1עaѾ˵ĺ5h

Ҳ0.5wt%Au/Poly1߻CO2벮ķӦ90mLautoclave, 0.2g 
catalyst, 4mL amine, 1mL water, 50 atm CO2, 180 C, 20h.Լǰ
ĽȽϣʵ֤׽߻CO2ձԡǣ

⣱CO2صķӦкüΪһǾٲأ
ٲҲ̸߻ǲű߼ˣ

𣺲ٲͲ̸߻ˣһ⡣߻ܶ෴Ӧ
ȳӦоӦһ׵⣬Щ߻ˣ

ٿһΣ

As to the reaction mechanism, it is still not clear at this stage, but 
the activation of carbon dioxide at the nanogold particle should be 
the key step, and the synergism between nanogold species and the 
peculiar microenvironment of the polymer surface should be 
indispensable (Figure 2), which may be completely different from 
previous reported processes for carbon dioxide activation with the 
acid-base catalysts.

ȻӦв̼ĻӦáǹؼӦá
ƾʲôѽ˵۵һǷٲٶȼӿˣ߶Ϊ
١Ϊ̼¡̫˰ɡ

Ҳôʲmight beҲ׵


󿴿ĿܵĻ
߷ӱ֮һЩ׽ӣ֮һ糡̼һ
ԭӱ糡ѵǻ߻һӽ̼̼
ԭӣõأұ߻һӵԭӽ̼̼ԭӣõ
̼ô

⣱׽֮Ϊʲô糡Ϊȷʵ糡
ô糡ܱȶ

⣱뻷̼γɶһӦ
˵ʵͼʲôѽûһݻԻ
⣬¾ǻͼ˼ɣͼ˵ʲôȻ
ˣǺαضһأ

𣺹ڿܵĻͼҲ˵ֻǡpossible mechanism,Ŀĸ
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supercritical CO2 conditions ( 373 K, 8 MPa)ʯ岩ʿķӦ
423K3MPaѹ˴£ԷӦʲôӰ컹֪

(XYS20051215)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)



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ʱǵĴŴҲƬΪ֤
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ģۻԱһվšֱڹ֣ǰҲ
ûһ˿ͣкǾζŲ⡣ͷ˯žͷ
ʹѧ˭ѽҺһĹװһ
̲¶Ҫӡڹˡע⣬ǹɹ
ǵģǿûȴǵĶԭϺ˵
Ȼ֪ˣǸ˾Ϻ仰ȫö
Ϻ˿һˣ벻Ϻ治סǻװʮ־㵵
ۻԱȻҺָʳָָš˵ͨıƣñ׼ͨ
˵ͬ־ѵ˵ͨ𣿡ۻԱû뵽ǻУ
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ӦջճӢ뵱ȻʹϺԣһĵԽ
˼Ѻʡݵܽơϣ硱ҵ
̨ΪŬѧͨõΪĻܾ
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һ顣ֻǸߡаһꡱۻԱǽáȥ򡰵
̲漴ˡáԤϵҲû
ȤĹˡǻҪ̲ȥϳһ·Ҫߡ
Ϻ˵ĵһιУѡϾ·ƽ·֣ġ
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ԲҲܿǵץȥģΪ˴סװúз
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ԱĲоҲʰɨǲ񡣺зҪߺ
ҪǣҪ΢ЦΪͬʱҿ͹˾ھһλ
ͣͳ˶Էһ⡣һңǲѹſձȥԵ
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׿ﺨһˣ㽫ͷ̧ơ
վӣֻͨ֡ؤг־Եġ
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ᷢѽزȻģվвΪʲôǮ
ʹ㣿׿ȴڱ⣺ѾˣһںǼëǮز˵
ôʱûҾ֪ڴ㣬Ǯϡ׿
˵ȥҳȥٺ˵زȴ˵УȳûǮ
Ǯ׿˵ˡȻϵϺֻԼԷ
ζʧҶҲҴлվǴ
ףֻ⵽ġǳŭˣزŮΪ˼ëǮ
ڲ𣿵ȻҲɶʡ֧̲ǼëǮ𣿻
·ϣͨˡزŮϵشȥ׿˳
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996µףҴҴҵʰ뿪Ϻڵĳ
ٻعϺһλ˼¡֪Ѳ
УϺϢѲҵԼʡ̹׵˵һʱ
߶ϺΪôԹдЩǳһڶ


2005-8-23

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                          뿡ܡ

аʱ򣬾ҽߵĿʼÿյ
ʮ֣һֱŵ㡣ҳ룬Щҹ֮Уҵĸο뽨ˣ
᲻Ҳİˣ

ڵ绰ͷһİǰЩŻˣյǱ
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ͼĵԣ¼ʱȰ
ҪǿЩ˺˺飬ҲģҲǹġģ
αؼƽģڹģҪᶨط

ӹһкİǸ˺ˣ𾴵ĸףĸ
ǴģĸףναȨǿУ˳ܵ
ɫǿԸк˵ÿθ۾͸
Ҫˣȫ׻Ἣŭ˵ô飬ôֳ
û߸ʲô˵Ĵ룬ҵĸҲ
ΪҺãֻ̫ˡ

ҼӵĸףһŮô
ȷķʽİܹ⣬ѧ뷴ǼѵģҪ
ָۣǲФ֮ӡǣ˵ĺӼסûȷ
ʽأҲ˴˺·

һʮѣʱĭ
ˣȴ磬˫öԷǲ
飬ֲܡѵѾߵ˾ͷǵġԭǴ
ûкúý˭Ҳ֪˭ĵҪæµԵĹǣ
Э빵ֵָ֮ͨΪʲôļͥúӣ
ԹΪʲôʣһ˳Ե
ζķ䣬ôģǶָһԹҩζ
˵ʵƽ跹ϸϵ໥ػһһ˴˶Եȵĺ
ġ˭ҲӦһζָԷΪʲôһŬͬѰһʧ
飿绰ͷĬãһлл

ҳ׷ǵĸоʹԴڶ
빲Ҹʲôǣ˰ԡΪʲôô˲
ҲǻûҸĺ塣ҸֲͬҪϸ½ġ
ÿڳɳУٶһЩ˺ô˺ϵİ̺ۣȻ
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ͨһ绰ߣҸЩİˣҪѧᡰơԼԼ
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ԼꡣߣңӦôӦԼ
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һҹٵʱһмž绰һֱһ˵
ټϣЩ˵꣬ѧ᲻ôӱ˵ȥѰ
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磬·ڱڣڱӡ磬·˺۵ڵϣ
ƣǸ߳ΣͷЩճ
֦Ҷ׷ȫϿҲ߹졣Լ
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Ҽǵãһֻ̯֡Ҫʲôȥʲôط죬
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֮ĵأƽðңĿɢȥ磬塣˵
صϴͳһ飬顣ֻ֪ܶù֪
ϸȫҹʹ֣ʵֺȻ磬
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ϸʵУ־ѹʹܽӣȻͺЩëҵ
Ωж˲죬ĸָͷǳһ㡰Կɸûһ
Ϊá

ϸ۲ҡɺܺǰɣϸһ
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ڰеţţָ׺ţ
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ŸƼһˮػطܡڰҵͷʱ
ýֺȥҳݼӵŵĲľ硣װƺĽ
ѡʱϡ棬ú棬ҾЩƼˣǲǰ
һ룬װһ˫ȴû뿪ء



ǵʱ򣬸׽һһѾȺĥúܱ
ʼʱҰǽϡÿ쿴Ҿܻصׯ˵
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ĶѾˮùԲѾһϢˡǴо飬
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ͷţϵ죬׺ʹＸǿ׳˰ɽĿ
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ֵܴľסţĽǣһѳţţȥͷţѾû
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һƽĶ죬һ괺Ĳݮšɷ
ĺʮ˴ڽͷĿ˵ڳķϣ˲档
ߣһשͷմĺԽѪ빫żճһ
ֳȴʬ塣ĿͷƤ飬ֽһֳλŰ
ƷĹıӰЦ˵ǹ¹ػ
˼飬еһŰɫ׵ּǿשͷŽһ͸
ϴСͷǸվΧ۵˵һȦˣ
ʲôÿģʲôÿָһһЩĹģذţ
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쿪ʼ˿ʼʧߡµϽľ˼ڽֵ
ÿһɱĺ־Ͳڱɱ˷
ǵʧ߰Χš־ɱ˷Ҳʱשͷվ
Ĵǰҹȥ귢һģеǰСǵľ
һֱ͵ʺֲĲݮһеһıɱ
ЩͻıǽźͲãϽˡ

һĶһʼԳ˻ѩļȴϷʵ
ͲѩϵӱһѸɲڽȥ뵽ʧȥ
׵ĺʱ֣񴩹ٽֵĴӵӰһ龰
Ǹĺӡ׵ȥ˲ѡһĶ죬
ȫǵ˶ӱܷװļڣֻڼšҵĸɲ
СѧУѻһůĶ졣

ԣɷȥһҪϱ˵ƯŮˡڳ
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ԼҲ֪Լ˵Щʲô

ֳ˵Ҳʲôݡ

ֳ˵һкԸ

ʲôҲ˵

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

                   ũܴڡҰˡϵ˵

                           

λںũܳأũҰˡһ죬
ΪԱһ鸰ũһйءҰˡĵӰʱ50
졣ڼ䣬˴ף7Ŀ߹Ұˡ
μӹũҰ˿ѧ족Աšƺٷ⼰ɼǵȵ
ʵؿ졣ͨҸ˳϶ũܴҰ˴ϵ˵

Ұˡ֮ƣֻϰ߽зڡҰ˿ƿȦһΪ
ζΪԳ˽зչĳһ׶εš
Ұ˿ƿʿΪũضȻĳһ֧Գֹͣ
Ḷ̌

ǣкũܵʼд룬˺
̬˼ǨԭʼȻܵĸԤ⵽
ƻǴӶʮ50ʼš˶͹Ҵģ
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ֹֻڽͨƫԶɽԼֺ2500ϲɷɽϣ
ܼԭʼɭֲֲԴɥʧ̬ϵͳƻ
£ũѲԳȻϢԼʳԴ
ȡĿǰũܵ3250ƽڣ˿ѽ18ƽÿƽ
50ˣɽɽҲ̸ֲũο
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ڹԳҲѾοŹũܱܵߵ졢
ɽءȵؾֹԳʯĻʯũǿհס
Ҹ˵жϣũûڵʱڴڹԳ֤ݣʷʱڣ
δС

һȻڣֻ壬ֻȺ
ȺҪһܶȲȻзܺ档1924굽1993꣬
ũܷΧڲŹ360114μҰˡ138»ࣺҰ
֮աй2000棬241ҳӦǱȽֹ۵
ˣҲֻƽÿ겻ΡٵҰˡ桢ܿ
˵ǲܵġ

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׽ҰˡĻ壬źҲδҵνġëӡ
Աļ֤ݡʵϣʹĿ棬Ҳزŵ֯йء
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˼е߷ãˣĿ֡80йزŶ
һķĿսϡ١ңǻ֣Ŀ봫˵֤ݱ
ͨõġ֤ݡҪࡣҲ˵ˣũܡҰˡ
˵ѡ

йءҰˡĴ˵ѾãΪ˼֡Ұˡڵ֤ݣ
йŴ伮УǱɡɽ
PëˡȣֲϷɽЩƲһġ֡롰Ұ
ʿ˵ũܡҰˡǷΪ֣ͬȴö֪صĴ˵ڸ
ھ֣ǿѧı֣Ľķչ
ĵĴ˵ɢΪˣйŴ伮صЩΪСҰ
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ũֵܵĴ˵ǡҰˡĴ˵˶档
ִԺκʹ£Ǳ컨׹
һִ˵ҵˡ

ҵũ֧ܵҵǣũȫԭʼò
Ȼ⡢زԼʷȡʤɲԡҰˡԣ
ӦٵϢο͡


                           ֳʱڵĽ

                           

ԲйٲейҲһλ
ϺֳʱڵϽǰʱմң״йС
ֳʱڵûο͵ʶҲʹ
ĸоЩȤĽ죬ĻϢ̣ƣ
뱾γɾ޴󷴲Ϻŷʽն
磬人ϹݣϾݡʷ˶лٵֳؽ
ֻԽڽУԲڸؿЩ

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Գ人ĳΪ乫˾㣬ӦڽԽĳһ
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ˣۿռĽ档

ൺһҵϣൺʩѧ
ɣ¶꣬·涼ˮᷢѰ
ĳ裬̱ͨൺˮǵ¹ʱڵ
¹ൺʷΪ1898-1914ͬ⹤̾Ҳ
ˡÿ̸ˣൺЩԺЩۡ

ʵСÿ˼ܲпãһ˵˾
ۺ͸ӵù͸˵ǹ̵ʾ
ΪʱµĴӹṩ˿ʶյЩʱ꣬
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¥ġ̡γ̨ģǱڵˡ̡ж٣
İʤö٣˵Ҳա

ĲǱž棨ֵĻʣľ޴죬ÿ
ˣԲ塣ʲôʱ½̾ãΡ
ǰʵƴУδֳ̫ʱڽϵʷ䣬
ڰǩµϷоͳһֱţķ
̶ԣڴ˴һ£γɶֳʱڽΧ˵ĺ
ʲôֵʲôʽʽάʽܻᱻһ
뻮һġ̡ȡֳڵйʵ

ͻȻðŷʽʽСʽ㳡ǵĹ
һ磬ʵֻǿ̵ĴϷѣЩһ
Ϊ䣿һڰ֮Ǿ䣿ѳЦġС
¥̡ǸɵļƵģ֪вճ岻
еĹ岻ѽ

ǰԣйʵִ300ֳ۴󻩣
ǧָڽսԣ⻰ȴΪйʵִ赽
ЩֳȥѰҴ𰸡


͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

Ǳġ񻰡
                   ġԾ

                           ߡ

1958ԾʱǷ绪ïʮ꣬ʱκʡӦ
ΪУίǣϡˣһ
ĻʱһŤǸкܶƵĹЦԷǣ
̹ġܴԾ뿪ǽˣȻ£
̵ĽѵڴԾУ񸶳˲صĴۣˣѵҲʮֱ
ģһξдǰ²֮ʦʷΪ
֪˥һٻЩô

дѪ顪ԾĻ

Ծʵϴ1957Ϳʼˣ궬죬йʡӦί
ļɲᣬίһڴ˶Ա棬Ҫͬ־աɾ
Σʡ·ߡԱȫشԾ
߳˱ģĸɾд˾飬ٸɲҧָ
СָͷдѪ飬ҲеۣīˮдѪ飬ھ
ԾͷԾĴԾĴٽɡԾ
еȷ桰޹ɽľ񣬰ڵ硢罨
ũ壬еδŮʾָ겻֣顣

ϰڳ̨ˡ硢硢չսӦս߳
չȡѧϡˣҲչӦء
½һӦؾĿںǣ½ѹΡں
ʯˮдɽϣ·ߡݶϣڳӵȵԾţɹ
дϡ½ѹΡĿںţΪĿԶܿõӴԺ
ÿοῪչսӦսҸſᣬҲͬչս
ӦսһĹʽʽ壬ɾϣдֽ
ϣǽϣƺֻܴԾͲܴ
̤ǰе쵼ΪлϵĴԾȻʵʹĴԾ


ɢԺ󣬡硱еġϹָӷǿ硱ߣ
طСĴپǻҲаȺڵǽϣ
ƻȺڵķݡپҪԱӰӵɻظɣСɣ
ѩͣսҹҪӰ࣬ʱսͨ޵ģɵ
ͶʹȺƣ಻ԡ

Ĵڡ

1958Ĵڼ٣йӦί¹ڶӰԾٿ硢
绰ᡣʱίΪ˸Ľ磬ѻذ̲ͬǺ
ʨӳ칫ûˣתŵĹϵίί֯Ϊʨӳ
ίذװе绰ίȫͬ־ڴ˵绰顣ڵ绰ϣ
ί٣ȫظɲȺһ¶ԱҪƷףƾ£Ĵ
ڡ극űڣŹ񣬲ż٣꣬μӼ
Ͷսź죬ĳɼ׺ڹУȫ
ԱԱ͸ɲҪģͷá

˵绰Ժۣ˵ǵ֣Ҫ
ĻͷӦĺ٣ָʾ£ŸɲӦѭ׼
ҪŷУԲܰʵί绰
ʩһίȫԱ귢ͷڵĳ飻
ίǺùڵĵ㡣

鳫ȫԱҪӦίڵĺ٣
ĴʵжƷףƳ¹ªϰ֯Ҫ֯ͻӣ
ͻӵȷáõȫ֯ԱĻӦ
ֺǺ絳֧һٿ˵ԱᣬɲᣬԱᣬԱᣬ
͹ڽжԱһ±ʾĴڡ

ͬ絳ίͳһɳСĴͻΪݹø
ڡͲɳճΡСĴڻ
еׯһ֦ȫʵҡĿںš

ίɲž۵ĻᣬǺԱȺһ
ڡ³һ賿ĵ㣬ӵͺ
峿ļžԱŮԱǧˣƺƵǰ̲ˮ
ɳһ·Ͼͻ̲򣬶ǺһδͰ
ˣҲδһ˿յգֻŮ׶æԾ
Ⱥɳˡ

ţȫתСĴͶУֻӸɲԱ
չҰˣƴúܣֻǰ긵Сǵ﹡˼
תʵȺ˶絳ίûʵĳǽΪ
Ҳֻһ᷿ıӺͼȴţӣ
ǧƤȶѷϡ

ҷȺصɳҲδˮУǵ뺵СĴһ
ҲֻһС﹡ҲδȺڵıӶĴǡһҺ
Ǻĵ֧ͬ־ӼʱҾΪδ
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ڵ﹡ˣߵⲻƽܹˮأǸ
ڵļС﹡ʱݱӳãг
еס¥ãũһæڣҲҪбܷ֮

ⷬʹܴܵʣӳȺô
ͼ˵ڴҽ絳ίĲ𣬻Ҹͬӳ
˵ô絳ίٿĻϽ˵Ľãǲ
Կǽʯͷ

ԭ糤Ӧί֧ǵģʱ40꣬ͷԣ
ڱǷǣΪضԴϼϹָӣﵽʵǵĿģ1960
귴硱ʱǴܡ硱ΣʧС

ڵʱοȺڶڹĴڣ˳ĬΨһ
¹ͷ˵׹һꡱ

ɳæԪڣתũҵǺȺһ
һƬȳУɹл崫ͳѽһһڡ

źս㱨

ίһǸǿƢرϲõģϲģϲ
ϲϲǣڴֱ˵ؽǺ֮ϲ
֮

פӶ׵㣬ֻǹҸӣԱͬԡͬסͬͶΨһ
쵼ǿᣬ㱨档

ֱŵ쵼ƢһͰİ
¡

1958ԾĴڣսź졣ί칫֪ͨ
ί³һ峿7㣬ٿսźս㱨ᣬίίԱ
絳ίǺ͸ŵĸˣذʱ￪ᣬرսźս

ίίԱ絳ίǺ͸Ÿ˶ʱί㱨
³һĴսźĳɼί׺

ϯ̨ίһǺίǼس˱ˣһ
̨£᳡ʮţ᳡ϵЩˣȻǶͬ£
ȴû˵Цģ᳡һƬžѻȸΪǸίĸ
ľս֪ѲμӵĻ׻Ǽ

ǵ˱ˣĻǻرսźս˭Ȼر

һرֱ絳ίAǣ˵ȫɲȺڽԱ
Ӧίڵĺ٣չɾΣʡ
·ߵľ񣬴սź졣սݣѻ100򵣡޲500
200100ڣʱĳɼȫԱڴ֮У
ĳɼί칫һر

һˣд˸˺ϲãЦúϲ£죬վ
ת潫תǿA쵼зԱɾ󣬿źȡ
شսҪúõѧϰ

߶֪AǽȫǼٻǣòż
Ҳ˵ٻڶرֱڶ絳ίBǣA
ǽٻʱڻͳӱٻѳɼҲͦһҲʮ
⣬BҲܵҲմ˰һһ˹ءһ


Ѳ絳ίǳͶӢر˵ҺǴ
￪ʱг·ϣеĶڴӣеĶڴ
ںеҲδûжڿźĳɼδ
ǻص֧ǻͳԺί칫һر

Ȿʵǣ˵Ĵʵ

һ˴ΪɫڿƲסѣվȻŭ
ؽǸմĻУҵģĻˣˣ
ԽԽԽѧԽʲҵʡȥᣬͲȥΪǴȥ
ҵˡӢվ˵վٴҶ
𣬽С

ʵ˵ٻйֱϣʵ˵滰ȴ
һٱᡣ

кߣ±ɣһʱ䣬˵ٻ㸡һʰܿɷ磬
ٻһȫأشѡ

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Ӱ㣬Ϊίǵĵ㡣ٿᣬһ֮ڴҪ
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ᳫոֲֻһ࣬
ȣֻװȥᳫֲΪԽԽã룬
Ҫ3x4磬Ҫ2x2磬Ҫɰˡ
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졢ίֵĸ˺ĴμӣҲμӴ
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ӿ˫ȣֲμӴĸɲ񽯸ɵһ
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㲥ԱᣬɲȺԱˣѧͣΣ̵ͣͣҵ
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һĴƲ

1958Ծ˵ҸɵĿΪ쵼δ
ͻԻͣϼϲA絳ίǷԾΪޡ
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ǡһţǣҺβץ飬ں
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飬һʮˣȰǵش壬Ҫһ
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С۷׷ףô󣬹ô꣬δһ泤һ
ġ

ڷĸɾɹĲй£´㱣ñӺʹ
ɹ۳ɡɡԣڴӪһԲȻ
ϳƣǵ˼ȴʮֻԾʼճĬվҰγ
ֶţϾ棬㿪ʼ賿㣬һҹ
δʳδϢ뺮ཻƣ뿪᳡޷뿪
᳡

ͻȻһ˷ԣҽ񣬴ºǣ˻᳡
ϵĶţֵľ档ʱǳˣΪתԼļƻ
ʵ֣ϱǣ˵һźĸɾа취
ǽеǰ棬ָ˼룬ָ;ʩ

˵صһ棬ϵ絳ίȫ⣬Ҫ
°ãȥøɲȺڵ˼빤ͷشĹ
ʩǽųˮˮŸɣһ磬ȫŮ󣬰Ѵ
СͲˡ붹Ĺӡӱȫˮȥʩǧţǧ
һ磬֯רǣʩʽˮ
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鵽˽ԱʮָлǽΧ

ǻصҹٿ֧ίᡢԱӸɲᣬ
բˮͷʡ硢ʵӣǽҰ
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أũȥղʳȫ˾ͻᰤרŸǸ׺
ǳֹ£ǴһȺɲբˮ֮ʣ
λ˸˵ˮˮŸɣǧĶˮ
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˵˶ҰΨȥҰǸɵϣô
ȥһ棬ȫģһ泤1ȫ
Ůٶ˵ϵһ棬Ҫ顣˰Ѷһ
Ҳˡˣ֮¸洵صһ
飬ǵġΡ˲δųɡ

ǡ֮

һɲΪʱУ飬ɹƹ㣬ʵ
ǵһĹ۵㣬޿ɷ飬ǣʱа·ƫ
жĵжߵĲ°첻벻ĸɾ
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ﶼδɹί1ĶӳΪ
˷˷ϣӰƽմıߣʱ48꣬
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ٽҲղʮ죬ͳỤ̃չչΪ
ͨùķķͨҹ͸¶ˮһ
һӣգӳϻǵˡ

³ίΪո߲֯飬ָգ
Һؼίͬ־Ϊһ飬Ϊ鳤Ǹ鳤Գǽ
ֱչͬ־棬涨գǵֳո
ọ̈̄óӳƣǽ磬Ψг̨ͬ־Ķ900
δﾻĸҲֻ߰ٽ˰ٽģ
һλίǵҲ·ʹ൹õʧܣ˼¨տǣ
ίôĴۣҲֻİʪȡ

ǣ߲ǽ䣬絾Ķﵽ
ʮʮʮġĶ֥ǧǣ޻ȵȣ
ֽ㲥ýϲϣ󣬽ݱƵۻ
ҡԻ̲ɾΪͬյĲ̫ͬ־Դ˲
ɣ˵Ϊʲô˼ҷôǣȴŲǣ㵽
̲ȥ˽ࡣ

ҳ԰г̲ǡϿίᣬίǶ
᷼ҲμӣҲ֪ʲôлμӡʱд磬
ȥĸɲɲһͬ˯ҺίǶͬ᷼־ϵã˯
Ĵϣķڣڻм俪ţίʱڷ
ʲôһδμӻᣬڲμǵί顣

оǵشĸ߲ǣеŷʮе
ʮеŷһشǣʮȫصǰ棬ѹȫأ
Դ˾顣һ˲һ䣬㲻ˣʮһ㡣
ίֹͷжеίԾ֯СӵĸɲȺڽӵĹ
һеȥֻһǣһЩеĸдϲ
еĸдش߲ǵľ顣ϲѶҹʮ
شȫȫˡ

ԭʱͬ־еŰɣҹɣҶڷŵ
и߲ǼŲɵģشǵķųʹҽ⿪ˡǡ֮ա
ʱҲγѣԭǴţ٣ʱԭ߲ͬżһ
Ŀжʱ£𣬲һõίڼƭ
ϼе֣ͬίίԱɲæһͨһڴҲ˯
ţࡢࡣ峿гص

ίί칫Σ˵ίSǴ˵̲ȥ
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־ҪȥգҾͲμˡ

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Ҳš߲ǡˣʵңʹҵ˼뷢˸Եı仯

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ԱʳƿеĲݶѣ˸ӵĲֿ⣬ҲѲ
Աļңδҵκصʳ

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195811Ѯ人μӹźʡίٿĹ顣ʡί쵼ͬ־
ʱһǵĺҫͬ־ںʡҽѧԺ
棬һʼ˵人μڴٿĻ飬·ɻȥ
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棬һʼ˵ѰǵҪëϯ
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߰˷ܲѡʡίǳ·ͬ־ҪҰҫ
ͬ־ı档ҫͬ־ΪǴľëϯڻϵļν


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ԺҿУСԾɡٽɡҲС۳ɡ
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μëϯһشԶĴ£еĪҸ
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ʱ

1958Ծ⵽شĴۺʧܣϾϺ͸ܵ
صʧӦܽѵߡƻ͸Ľûȥ
෴һУ1959ԾʱӦˮֻе
ί˿͹ʵʵˮƹһ˫ǡǴﺵ
ֵ֮꣬еˣһ˫ʱ䳤ˮ󣬴󲿷ֱ


رǿϹָӣʽ壬սëӹȫĻ
еСһҿڣһ£ֻί
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սϿҵĿֳ棬δյӦеĿ
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ͲãЧͻõö࣬Ⱥ˵ս˲ƣò
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󺵵ǰӦȫʱĵί󿪻ģ
1959ʷϾ޴ĺ֡ʳȺڵĿʮϾ
ѣίо16Ƶĳӣ˵С46810ĵͱ׼
ÿÿֱ46810޹ϲ˴޻ȣʳҲû
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ȣȹֻģǲû෴Ծȫ֣
ˮȫؿ֣ӣ̸ˮͻݡ׼ҳ壬ɽ
ëסɽѼӸۡ֡ë塢ʮСˮ⣬
Χȹ̣󳬹˵ʱȺڵĸҪȺڴɣ5
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࣬ȺڵѸ½ũΪ棬ʳֿϸƤݸ
ʲôԣϵţҲ͵ɱţƤҲˣȺڻ˸ײ
ݲϡҲ߲ˣϺҵĳ棬Ϊ
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ǰϺͺũֶ˵ı¼ȫض˼ˡʱ
ˮ̱Ϊӹ̣ԾƲһõԸ
Ⱥڸ߸˲μӣɺҿʼũʧ˸
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ֱʱ쵼ͷԲȫԸ쵼Ⱥ֣
س糤ӳΪ׵רӣרȺڵũ
Ϣͣʳã·ظũ񣬻һִũֲˣ
ԺũβϼֵʳũʳӦ
1960쵼硱ĸɲȺ֣ȺڵĹ
ΪСӺ㣬ƽСӺȺڵǮﳹ˳ũķ
޸ɲ򱻴ũǸϴȡȺڵ½⡣

Ӧǡ硱أ1958굽1961괺ʱ䣬
ίǣδŤתܾ֣ȻϾֱ1961йʡί
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ʵ򣬹Ⱥڼ࣬ѲԸȺڳԣ˼빤
ܿȫظɲȺڵĻԣָܿԪίһ쵼
ȫ裬ũҵգȺڷ
ʳҲʹ˵ǡӦĽԣ»

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Уƶ·ߣԾ죬ӢĿںţ
˼ָ£һ콨塣ʲô¶ǡһ̫ãֻ
ϦҪһ20ꡱҪ߹죬ҪϿ콨壬Ҫ
빲壬ڲµʱʵȫ绯ƹ
ã֪򲻴Ծһ

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