                         ˿µϣ20060102գ

06.01.01ûи
06.01.02, ӡʥʲôѧɹ뷨оΣ
06.01.02, ⡶ͬʥͬʷоᡪʥ2006ȵһġ
06.01.02, ˭ʥġ˼¡иС
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06.01.02, ˡ973Ŀм١
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06.01.02, Bidentateʯ岩ʿȫоԱǾش
06.01.02, ˡ㲻ԺʿгɹҲùʾ
06.01.02, ӱӡӡԺʿƶδȥиС
06.01.02, ѡ쵰ˡ롰ɵϡ
06.01.02, ϡǵǡ
06.01.02, ..֮Ϊѧ¥שӡ
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κȻ˸ףҪҽʵڵһӭҼˡڰ
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    ǰһλзӵ˿дƪʥʲôѧɹ
뷨оΣλ˵ԣ
ǣλз﹦Ի̡Իġٶʿ޷޲ƽ
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ѧΪҵȥ뷨оģӵġѧ

    Ϊλסڼݡ̫ƽרйٵϢѧר
ˣΪһҵһ֪ͼݡ1997/06
ߵһƪ鼮йһ֪ѧйˡ2001/06
ߵһƪѧѧ١Ҫļһ
֪Լƪ£ΪҼδݿͶ壬Ҳյ
ݿ͸ѣҲȷʵ﷢
£ѧƳģǸпڽԱġѧߡΪ
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Сۿ˵͡־þӻ죬δ֪
    λֵҰԼ1984±༭һ嵥
ʥĿ¼1984𣩡ССȻλѧ
ߡĿֵĺüݡĿ¼Ѿ1226շѧ
Ϊˣдˡǡ
    Ǳ˵һĿ¼嵥1984𣬽ֹ2005ĩԼ
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ףΪЩ΢֣Ϊ֮ٵͿࡢѪۡ 
    ͣ㣬档 

    ҵﻰֲԼ


    ǰβڡ뷽ıһжƿڴ
˽ᲢΪĪͳ衱ͻȻҪҳ
ܣеֱ֡ƤȻα
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У˵ǡ̿йˡȴĳΪˡ
λоרҡֲݵ𣬻⼸
Ҽ˵ǡз﹦Ի̡Ի
ġٶʿ˵ҷԻҥ˵Ϊ
Ϊٶʿҥβ᲻֪֮ԱýΪ
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ɽִйѧֻļ̨ݣ20028£
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ѧѧԺںһ8ûзһƪרҵѧģרְ
רҵо޹صġѧȴϽڡоΣʲô
ġѧ淶Ҷ԰Уɡ
ǡѧίԱḱҶкѧϮԼʵһĳ
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Ϊԭʼ


ʥĿ¼1984
ʱ:20051226 ߣʥйѧڣ Դ:ѧ

ǰԣ

1998
01ѧԸ塷ѧ1998棬37֣
ΧƱ׾ࡶѧл鱨ھٿרֻᣬ
رܻٵȣѧؽ賫ʵ֮硷л鱨
1998729գйҶЭ
19981010գΪѧƵѧʱ
19981030գʿӢҲǶˣѧ̳20012
ڣư꣺ѧԸ塵ʵʵ˵ ѧĿչ
ʷѧ¿20011ڣؽйѧС
2001棩ϡ۵㡣μйѧԺ羭
о羭ΡоԱġѧʥ
Ļ羭Ρ20023 ڣ
02йѧʿ˶ʿĿ⡷㽭1998桢1999
ӡ ί࣬ڹԶ֡˼࣬Ϊִ
࣬15ᣩ   
03ѧѧ1998档 ߣ
04ѧѧ罨衪199846ϾѧĽݣӱóѧѧ
19984ڣ19ҳ ʱ19981120յ4棩
㽭ĩ棩1999227յ1棩ʷоͨѶ
19991-2ڣʦ19998ڣתػժҪ
  ѧѧ٣л鱨1998129ա
05ѧõ㼣ʷоعˡо19981
ڣ122131ҳ
06鼮йɾ⣬йоܵ33ڣ1998꣩
5056ҳ ֪ʶ19988ڡ9ڣл鱨1997
1029յ7棩ͼݡ19976ڡʱ199918
4棩תءϿѧӱʿġ
2000棩ã277ҳ279ҳ
07ʮйһѧѧ淶۱¼йۣܵ
11ڣ1998꣩4059ҳ ӱóѧѧ19985ڣ
ʥࡶѧ淶ϴѧ2004棩ࡶйѧ
淶ѡɳ2004棩תء
08Ʒʣл鱨199817գ6档
09ĸʿࡪΰʦ˼ҡ19982ڣ100-102ҳ
10ѧߵġʷоͨѶ19981-2ڣ8-14
ҳ
11ϲǣԹ`97ͼ񣬡Ⱥ顷19983ڣ46-47ҳ
12Ϊ97꡷֮³1998120գ14档
13͵ĸУѧ״ս㽭ĩ棩1998
331գ14档
14ѩ㣺ʮ಻Ѱл鱨1998121գ2档 
Ӣá
15Ļı߽л鱨1998211գ2档 
Ӣá
16褣ѧоʷѧѧƱλл鱨1998215գ
2档 Ӣá
17ζ⽻ʷѧߣл鱨1998311գ2档 
Ӣá
18ԣʮأл鱨199841գ2档 
Ӣá
19ݣѧ׷л鱨199856գ1档 
Ӣá
20л  Ӿ־˾µл鱨1998513գ1档 
ʥ
21񣺾԰ߣл鱨1998513գ2档 
ʥ
22Ǯ˵һʷѧҵ׷󣬡л鱨1998527գ2档 
ʥ
23֣ע桱л鱨199863գ2档 
ʥ
24񣺡ˡѧʣл鱨1998610գ2档 
Ӣá
25ƽϷϷɫл鱨1998617գ2档 
ʥ
26£??־л鱨1998722գ2档 
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27ڴУл鱨1998114գ10档 
ʥ
28ʱ룺̽ʹϵʷۣл鱨199871գ2档 
ʥ
29ѧߵ飬ѧԸ塷ѧ1998棩
126-128ҳ
30ѧҵ֪ѧԸ塷121-125ҳ

1999
01ѧѧ硷İǣл鱨19991229գ2
档 ʤ
02  Ӣįе֮⣬л鱨199933գ2档 
ʥ
03ַɣдֵд£л鱨1999310գ2档 
ʥ
04 ٳѧشʵ⣬л鱨1999317գ2档 
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05ˣսаջл鱨1999428գ2档 
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06ԬһѧĶ֣л鱨1999512գ2档 
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07£Ϊйл鱨1999526գ2档 
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08ܣҰ ںӽ磬л鱨199962գ2档 
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09֮ʵ֤??ʷʶл鱨1999623գ2档 
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10ѧǱΣл鱨1999630գ2档 
ʥ
11CongӦ֮գл鱨1999714գ2档 
ʥ
12ִ׷ʣл鱨1999721գ2档 
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13峡л鱨199984գ2档 ʥ
14  棺ʷѧжӣл鱨19991110գ2档 
ʥ
15ѧԭл鱨199991գ2档 
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16  㣺ӡĲߣл鱨199998գ2档 
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17ͩԼӽǣл鱨19991020գ2档 
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18һѧｫİ򴴿л鱨1999113գ1档 
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2000
01ѧȨؽ2000档 л࣬÷ ̲
 ʥ ࣩ
02齱̳ѧѧ硷20006ڣ171182ҳ
03ƴѧл鱨2000415գ6档 Ϣ2001
6ժҪתء
04ѧʷ½裬й2000125գ7档
05ʷѧоӦ齾֮й2000328գ7档 
Ӣá
06ѧ罨ʷѧƷչй200059գ7档
07Ϊ20Ļԡй2000222գ7档
08̲ĺ͹Ӧѧɹй2000815գ7档
09Ļ˸Ӧй2000222գ5档
10ѧĽǮܵãй200021գ5档
  Ƭϵıִ??Ѷ2001817գ3档
11ѧоӦ޵й2000613գ7档
12Ȩʱֺй2000328գ5档
13ѧ淶䵽ʵй2000425գ7档
14ѧ޽й2000711գ7档
15ճɼоԺȯй2000516գ5档 
ժ2000521գתء Ӣá
16ƾǰй200052գ5档 ѡ
20007ڣתءӢá
17볤齱ҶĿǰ˵ѧ硷
20005ڡ Ӣá
18ѧռ-裬ʮһۣ͡20006ºš
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19絣壬Ȼ֤ͨѶ20002ڡ
20ѧѧʷѧο200012ڣ7-8ҳ
21ӭл鱨2000531գ6档
22˵ҡϮ Ҹ㡰̰л鱨2000119գ5档 
Ӣá
23ѧ緢ȥл鱨2000119գ2档
24ѧ֣Ԫߣл鱨200038գ2档 ʥ
25ʤѧģл鱨2000223գ2档 
ʥ
26أһиѧߣл鱨2000430գ2档 
ʥ
27ѧ֮ƿл鱨200015գ2档 
ʥ

2001
01ѧӦѧ硷20012ڣ158-160ҳ 
20012-3ڡܿ200110תأժ200154ժ
Ҫתء
02ѧܡѧѧл鱨2001523գ5档 
ʦѧдࡶʦѧѧо淶ϻࡷ
20025£תء
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03ʷѧɹռй2001118գ8档
04ңй2001315գ7档 Ӣá
05ѧ淶Ӧӻץ𣬡ʷ20012ڣ123-124ҳ
06ѧĸЧӦȺ顷20015ڣ7-8ҳ κȺ
2001-2002????ı¼ձ2002棩תء
07дѧӦȥѧ硷20013ڣ
124-129ҳ
08Իƽѧۣѧ硷20014ڣ148-149ҳ 
Ӣá
09ףйѧԺԺ200167ա
10ǧѧѧ硷20014ڣ230-236ҳ
11Ⱦѧѧ̸ܻʱ200110ڣ
89-96ҳ κȺࡶ2001-2002????ı¼ձ
2002棩תء  ʥ ٣
12Ϊйѧͬϡѧ¼ѧ̳2001
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13׹ꡱΡ׹굴̳й20012
15գ8档
14ʵӷʷ20015ڣ116-117ҳ ζ 
ʥ
15¡ӡ󡪡İġ20012-3ںϿ2001
4-5ڣ126-127ҳ
16֪֪١ڶԻо20014ڣ
114-118ҳ


2002
01۽ѧܣȺԡ20021ڣ35ҳ
02ɡѧӦѧѧ硷20021ڣ16-17ҳ
03ѧ١ѧѧ衪޺ȶл鱨2002
116ա
04ɽۡһȽϷ조ɽִйѧ
ֻļ̨ݣ20028£
05Ӿеһλ棬Ⱥ顷20023ڣ15-16ҳ 
ʦѧϵࡶѧӾġѧԷ2003棩תء
06ѧӦеĹע뷴˼ѧ̳20024ڣ
24-29ҳ
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07ѧܡѧ淶ѧڸУѧ½⣬
ѧ̳20026ڣ8-34ҳ ʥࡶѧ淶
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2004棩תء
09ִоѧƽӽǹ۲죬ִо20021ӡ
2002棩
10Ƿ˶߿йִİʯйӪ2002225գ
25档  ʥ 彨
11̸ǰѧ粻ֱ֣йĸ20021ڣ16-17ҳ 
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13Դ𣿡򶡶̣ѧ2002530
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14¼ýѧ롰÷֡ȶѧ硷
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15һĺ[ʷоѧ¡]Ⱥ顷200210ڡ 
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2003
01ʷоѧ¡ݽھʮףؼйƳ
2003棩 ư ζ ʥࣩ
02˵뷨ľ񡪡ʷѧоʷ۸塷ߣ
ѧ2003棩
03 The War Experiences and Chinese Views of America: A Case Study of 
Mao Tse-tungs Images of the United States,1931-1949, Crossed 
Memories: Perspectives on 9/11 and American Power, edited by Laura 
Hein and Daizaburo Yui,The University of Tokyo,2003, pp.117-137.
04ѧĸѧˡйرĸ﷽ĳعˣѧ硷
20035ڣ74-88ҳ
05ʶ硪йءйѧСۣѧ2003
1ڣ27-29ҳ  ˴󱨿ӡϡѧۡ20032תء
06ѧӦȴ𡪡ڡйѧСͨţ
ѧ20031ڣ13-16ҳ ˴󱨿ӡϡѧۡ2003
2תء ɭ ʥ
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09ѧվǰйѧԺ2003311գ2档
10һһʷѧоʷ۸塪ʷѧоʷ
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ʷѧ20036תء
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7ڡ
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13Զʹ͹˳ѧʷѧο2003
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 ζ ʥ
16黳 ӷ緶֮ǣ̩֮ʱ
湫˾20038££

2004
01ѧ淶ۡߵȽ2004棬ʥűࣩ
02ѧ淶ϴѧ2004棬ʥűࣩ
03йѧ̳һйѧ2004棬ִࣩ
04֮ ǻ¡ѧ粻֮ѧܵĶԻʦ
ѧѧ20043ڡ  ʥ  裩
05ǰ֮ʮѧʾ¼ѧ̳20045ڡ ˴󱨿
ӡϡѧۡ20044תء
06йеӴѡ˵𣬡֪ʶ200421ڡ  
ʥ 첨
07ѧڿľ·ѧ̳200410ڡ л鱨
20041110աйѧԺԺ20041028ժҪ
08ֵùעѧ󣬡ѧ20044ڡ ˴󱨿ӡ
ѧۡ20043תء
09ѧ淶ѧߵʹйߵȽ200419ڡ 
˾ࡶѧ淶ѧ罨̳ߵȽ2005棩תء
10׳ʿϱ Ӣ۱ɫӢϵѧΪĴãѧ
̳200412ڡ
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12Ϊѧ淶һѻ𣬡ѧ200441յ8档 
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2004318յ5档 ʥ Զ
14ѧ淶о⣬ձ2004112ա ʥ ű
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16ѧعѧձ2004729ա ժ200482
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17ʽڱУ¥ࡶͶ´
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18ѧ淶ڼУ¾2004828ա
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20༭ǣйѧ̳1
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2תء
22ѧ淶ʮ㳫飬л鱨20041027աѧ
2004114աѧйˡ200411 ڡѧ20046
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2005
01йѧ̳2йѧ2005棬ִࣩ
02ѧ淶ѧϴѧ2005棩
03ʷѧۡϴѧ2005棩
04йѧʿ˶ʿĿ⣨ࣩ㽭2005棬
ί࣬ڹԶ֡˼࣬Ϊִࡣ17ᣬ
800֡
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16˾ѧĽӦ֮ձ2005916գ5档
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10ա
21¼һ澵ӣ¾20051229ա
22ѧƿԹѧ淶йѧУ2005
1220ա

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СѧɣҴϿоҵʥ¸ոտɽʦѧʥ
ɽʦҵ뱱ʱһԶںӱʦԺ飻1996
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˵XѧһҲûԩһڴѧﵽåŮļ
һѧ絽Էļһһѧᡰо쵼ˡ
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ڳXXһͰ͵ǹֺ͸ѡλһĳ
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ˣףԸλоõXо쵼ˡһ·ߺã   

(XYS20060102)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ʥġ˼¡и

ߣ˭

ʥġ˼¡ݶεñ˵֣ҿķ
⹥˵ĶЩṦΰΪʲôдĹͲȥأ
ǷڡҴææвҪҪǸѣһ
Щڿ˵ǡʣˣڡѧ
١άѧ淶㣬ͳˡһ
Ƶ˼ά߼ ѧԼĹԡѧվ
ԭǿỰȨáԱ̧ԼֶΡΪѧ
Ѿ˽֪ʷоѡȫǴͶƱĽ
˳оᣬȻΪԼߵƲϾɡо
Լѡо쵼˵һСʽıݣл
͸ζʥµһԸ㲻ҪٴҴææˣ
ĴͲŸɣӦѧоϣ̤̤ʵʵЩôҵˡ

ǣ˭Ϊƣʥģðǩ60ѧ¼ع
ûмκαȨ߽ܺߵ֮ͥϣѧǻǿ
ȵģʥλѧӵѧͬʥ޲һӽ
˴ȣ˵ǺΪ˰ɡʥأ60ѧ
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ŪṫڵǸҲûƭķս˶ķսʿ
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ҪֶΣǣ˵ˣԼҪ˽Ҫ˶Լ
Ļ񲻾ͳѧˣ

(XYS20060102)

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Ҳ˵˵С



ĴѧҽԺСڱ˿˹,ʵǳ顣

ǰ,СNature BiotechnologyֲϷƪĺ,ʵ
һЩʵԡݳĳʵ˵СǺķǧԪ
ͶѪδܳɹĳɹ,Ļ,ʵڻ
ʵԡ

ķԺ, С켰һɹȻܵ˷ǳĹע,ѧУҽ
ԺҲ㷺,ȻԴʽͺҲ
󡣹ڴ,ǶԼķʽŲͬĹ¡

Ҫ˵СѧƷһǺ,ǻЩԩڹʱĹ
Ǻܲ,ҿҽԺҳйĽܾͿ֪ع
Ժ,ҽԺΪṩ˽ϺõĿ,ҽԺҲûиѹ,
ҽԺü,ûһƪġԼ˵,Ҫлҽ
Ժĺġڹ,оʵҲһõĹ,
һصĹЭ,Χ,ûӦĿзΧ,¹
Աʵ,ҩƷԼ׵λ,ż۲㵷ҵȵ,
Щ˿йԼءҽԺ˵Сʱһ,
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˺õĳɹ,ǿġ

Сƪ2003귢ġһ, ͬڻҽԺκ
ȫΪѧԺԺʿκĵҳɹǰ귢ıɵƪ
ġκͿЩΪԼԺʿĹ⻷Сһ,κȫ
,Ҳܵ˻ҽԺ,Ϊṩ˺ܺõĿ, 䱸˷Դ,
Ϊһй㿪̵ơ˵ΪκȫܴﵽԺʿע˴
ѪڵκȫΪпԺԺʿ,иרҾӯ:
Ժʿ˶!ΪףκȫѡΪԺʿ,ҽԺȫԺְ
ԪĽͬΪ,ͬܵҽԺ,ˮƽñԼߵκܵ
Ժʿ,СǷҪЧκΪ֮һ?

ĴѧУЩҲǲ˽,Сȴġ
ĿǰйƼ縡,ܺʱʢеĴ󻷾,ЧĿƺʹ
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ϾĹԺʿֽ?οһĴѧҪԺʿ
ʦ,һҪס!

Ĵѧ⼸ڸ쵼Ŭ,ѧУĹϵ,ڶѧ
ͷ,ţ,˲֮Ƹмλ,Ҫʱ
80%ڹ κȫԺʿҲ,Ū˸УɸɡЩѧ
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˵, ҽԺǾзǳõĴͳѧ,кҽˮƽڹ
˵һġκ¼ҽԺӰ죬Ϊ,
˻Ϯһרҵͳ,ҽƺͿеһڷܵĬ
Ĭظš

(XYS20060102)

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973Ŀм



𾴵ķ

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Ⱦγɻ̬޸оҿƼ973Ŀ⣬ţ
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    ĿΪйѧԺӦ̬ооԱĿ
һ7ӿ⣬ṩıӦڵӿ⣬ӿ
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ϹҵػȾγɻ̬޸оԱ
http://www.iae.ac.cn/2004/973/
Ŀϯѧ  оԱ
    йѧԺӦ̬ооԱʿоʦ
        ⸺
        1 ϹҵػȾʱݱ
             оԱ  йѧоԺ
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        2 ҪˮϵȾγɹ̼Ϊ
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        7 ҵ̬̬ȫ
           ˫  оԱ  йѧԺũҵ̬о
           ϼ  оԱйѧԺѧԴо     

(XYS20060102)

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ڰʦѧ¼һЩ뷨

ߣһ

ʦѧ˿Ľˣһٳţ
ߺѧУԸ⿴ķʽʵܳ˰֮⣬ԭѧ
У¶̫˽⣬ǰ淢һЩЩݿܻ󵼴Ҷ԰ʦ
ѧʶΪˣ֪һڰʦѧϢߴ
ҡ

ÿ켸硱˵ʦѧλߺǰʡصУ֮
һҲȫʡѧʦҡûһϵ¼ɽˮΧ
ǽƵУ԰Գһͳ Ҫעⰲʦѧǰ
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ѧѧͺϷʹҵѧÿ켸硱˵֪ǹ⻹⣬
⣬ڰʦѧǰʡصѧ(Ȼȫص)֮
һһص㡱ǰմѧմѧͰʦѧ϶ڸ߿¼ȡʱ
һΪߣ֪˲һҲˣǺǡմѧ
1994꿪ʼһ¼ȡģʦѧʲôʱʼľͲ֪ˡʡĿ
ָܻᷢ߿־ԸʱҲʦѧǵģżΪʦ
ѧֻڰʡʵġطԺУԭʦѧıҵ
϶˰գѧҪȥҸеʦ϶ǰʦѧ
ҵģҸʦ˵ڰʦѧıҵûйϵ
ѧܣͲˡڶǱԴַڱأ
ʱҸͨȥػơʦѧŽҵ
еĶ磬˲ѧѧǮţӢ½
УֺϲߺʦרѧУ÷ֳѧУĽʦ
ְѧѧɲţҲǽǮ¼ȡʹˣӰѧ
ǲӰѧλ쵼ճеĴֱƵʦѧǺǣ
˾֮ˡȡθߡ˽ʦƽѧһپ
ǺǡΪ˰ٳ߸ͷһ̸ʦѧʿ㼫٣
⣬ϲнˮҲߣǺǣһǿ䲩ʿˣڲʿ
è壬˿˵˺ܶ࣬ҲͲ׸ˡѧУѧԺϵͷͷû
æ˰ɣܵ㣬װǮЦҪ˵⵱쵼Ҳǲ
ġֻǰXX˵෴УΪȡʿ㣬ƺҵĿ
ҵΪԼҳɼȥˡ㶣ܴ׷氡еɵ
˵ô쵼ܸɲף˺ܴ۵ģ⣬ⲻ˵
ʦѧԼ

ϣԼѧУܹãϣְòǿٻģ
ǿڹáвʦУѿ֮ò뿪㣬
ǵĿβˣеûо,ϣǡҪһ
·ߵڡ

(XYS20060102)

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ԡʦУѧ¼ıһĵļ

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Ͻ¶¼Ϊйѧһ¡˿1231
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Ĭ´ѧ(Umea university)ĽĲʿ
Ҳеɲꡣһѧɲʿѧλģ
⡣ڶԡһнܲ˵

(1)

Ĭ´ѧһۺԴѧUppsalaѧ
ȷʵλ춡Ҫ뱱ȦıλãʲôҲ˵
ˡʵĬ´ѧһܲĴѧ

(2)

нܣƺ3˲ʿġе죬
ûпܡ󲿷ѧƹʿѧλʱ4ꡣ˵
ʿѧλ൱ڹҪҪ20%ʱڽѧһҪ5
6ܱҵѧ󲿷ⲻܲμӽѧ
100%ʱģѧλʱһЩһ4-5ꡣʿѧ
λڼ䣬ʿѡҪһѧֵĿγ̡Щγ̴ԼҪ1ꡣʱ
ʦܻݺѡ˵ľͱУѡ˵Ŀγѧ֣
ͻһѧϰʱ䡣ٷֻ֪80һ곤
йѧ3ɲʿѧλġ

(3) ԲʿĵҪӦǣڹѧڿϷ(൱
)3ƪġ䣬ȷʵ൱ĲʿɷĻɵģ
Ҳкܶרʽ

(4) Ĭ´ѧҳͼĿ ܹ鵽ݣDisease 
patterns in natural plant populations, Dengyi Liu 1992꣬17 ҳĲ
ʿժҪ ISBN 91-7174-686-2ĲʿĲӦм١
ҳַ
http://album.umu.se/F/-/?func=find-b&CON_LNG=ENG&charconv=default&find
_code=WRD&request=liu,%20dengyi

(XYS20060102)

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йũԺܳ˲šƵƵΪǰ㣿

֪η

1213գ˽跽վйũԺ֣ݴѧ˫ܽڡ
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ӡԺʿƶδȥи

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쵰ˡ롰ɵϡ



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3ΰѧϵʦԺա䲮Ԫ׷ɽһλ½
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(CAAC)ɻ˱ԭྩѧʷϵ飬1950ξʴû
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ĩƾۡӢǩٴ

4𽣬ϵڡ׹1949ᣬӦٲμ
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5裬ѧϵڡʮϺѧ̣й½һͬѧ
ҲʱйȥձѧѵʱΪͽʮȥ

6ï⣬ѧϵڡʮѧڿ˶(Cornell)ѧʿѧλ
й֪ıѧרҡͨţʱΪ 񡯡1972
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7飬ѧϵڣйըѧһרҡ1949ǰ㽭ѧ
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1957ۣ꣬ǡ©ɡ80ѧΪ
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һʱ䶯ʣ˹̹ҲԮ籨߾еΨһŮԣʷ³ĸ
ϵ³ξûа1936꣬йΪ߾
1957꣬߾ҲλɡνһʱҲһʱҲ1981꣬³
ɱ

9ʣƴУҽԺԺδμйھҽŷμӹ
ǰҲڹ񵳵ĻԱΪʷӡʮ
صڼҲд

10ͷʮȥձҽѧѧϰձռĶ
ֱĲӣ빲Ӷ򵽹ݡȥձʷ壬Ҳ
ΪʷӡڱԺõ㡣

11ΣϵԱ12ΨһûܹߵȽˡ1957ڿ
ѧԺоμԱҲʱΪɡΪƼѧԺʦ

12ңʱϵʦ

ɼƽˮƽ֪ʶˮƽۣשκ
ĽϹͬǣֲҪǵ֪ʶֻҪǵҪ
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ƣשߡ

ڹԪǰͣйѻשԪǰңѻߡӼǶ˵
ޱҪƴשששĴ󲿷ּ1637 Ӧ
һоϸдȻΪ˵ʱйĴͳĻ˼
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ͳשĵһľģѺͺõשҪ˺һ
̶סľģһ˰һԼ߹߸߾Ȼˤľģש
ˤԽˤԽܣשԽáˤ̫Сשڲ
ͳ˳նĺ״סѹǷשһˤһٿһƣ
שֻнʦˤڡסľģ
שһ̨ˤ࣬һҲǿƴשΨһĻ

ڶשһשԼ2.5ʱҪһࡣȫ
ͨ粢ĵطɹУҪηש־ȡ

שҤһԵĹשҤһ״԰ṹȫ
ɣֱԼʮߣߡνṹйŴڽѧϵһ졣һǧ
ǰţһȺܴһʯṹָǹשˣܾ
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ָǽһĹƼվλѧҲ̾ѡ

שһҤҲһͶȽɡֻҪӹ
ָʱúͿˡһҤשҪհˡ졣שܵգԸ
߱ожǷӦúǷשպáԣλϹ˺࣬
Ҫһ24СʱغҤָӣֻÿμú֮˯һСʱ12˷ֳ
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λϹˣ̫ءÿμú֮ݶϢΧҤߣʱϹ
ǽҤļҲѰǿѧͽˡҤĹؼʶ
ȣν򡯣ǸשͻɫҤڵ¶ȡһ˶ɫı
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Ҷ˾Ǩġʷǡϼţʱѧңܰϵǰɫ
ɰסơ졢ȼࡣܶ˻ءȷ˼⣬
˭۷ֱڶ಻ͬɫ˾ǣִѧͬҲ
Ѻǰɫ࣬ͬɫ൱ڲͬ¶ȣңǵɫ࣬
ľִͬѧɹײõһġ˲š

ΪҤľ飬ҵϼҲġ룬ǧǰй
ҤߣǶмǿķֱɫ˵ʱѧҲһ
֮ͬļϸ΢ɫȻֱǵɫı죬
УҲʧˡʱȻҺλשܿ¶ȣǲȥѧ
ΪֻҪһ֧¶ȼƾͿԸҤɫ¶ȡȻҲûȥʵ
һ֧¶ȼΪڱ졣һӷԸúúټú

שԲ̫ǿԭǶר󣬶ڽܸˡֲ
ǡѲΪЩ˻κοɸԡʱÿש
һӵʽҪǡëϯǼڡ(12С)
ë󶫵ʥͷ涨ʱӦšΰ䡯ĬԼġ
СʥϵĿˡȻ֪ЩڡʦʱﶼʲᣬҲ
Ҳû룬ǷһӬʥ

רߵʱ໥ϷΪţΪԹ˶˵
1Ͼˣ£2κĴ䵽ͷϣ絶һЧ
3κΡ˼˵̣˵ţһֱʮ
Ҷשľ֮ͨʱԳΪ Dear O-3һ
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ձǵҽƷй˲ظ

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֢зΣļ

ϣһܼͥƵֲᣬⱾΪСӹ
߹ҽƱաԼʹʼ(American International Group 
Inc.)һӹ˾˱աϣڹý塶Ϻڱ
(Shanghai Financial News)α༭йҽƱϡ
ΪҵǶҽƱյıҪ䡣

ϣӲǸнʦǰӵˡ󲡡
ϣҲˡ񲻵50ķ޶˶ϺҽԺڰ֢

йҽԺϵͳĸ߶շѺܿ㳬ǵλα޶ϣ
ʼŹıղδб಻ҡΪβǻеĻ
ͺϣĸݽһƶϴ

ϣҽƱյȱݷǳŭǹȥǰ죬ȴ
ˡ

й13˿У֮˸ûκʽҽƱգ
֧ҽƷáйָʽҽ£ǲα
ͨҲҪϸԼܷ񸺵󲡵ƷáҽƱѾΪ
йӴĳв׼ٵһΣҲǶԹ֧֡

ʵ2070ĩйƺ͹еҽԺҽҽ
ƶȼȺڳУΪԱ˼ṩգ
ũũҽơ80йʼгĸĸ
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Ĺ˶˹ҲûҽƱա

ʮǰйʼ̽ҽƱƶȵģʽ1998꣬ʼȫ
ҽƱƶȡƶҪ˵λΪְճҽ
͡󲡡һıշѡְƽɷѱΪ˹ʵ2%˵
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ƶ©2003ĩҽƱո1.09ڳְֻ
ռȫԼ6ڳ˿ڵĲ20%ũĲα˿ڸ֮١о
ķ֮˽Ӫҵְûвα

ҽƱƶȱоԡһɱ70%80%ҽƷã
ҽƷҪǮزĲ˾ͻᱻȳԺѡ
˵ƷҩԱЧĿҩ఺ҩ
ڱ֮С

й(Ministry of Health)ëȺ˵ȷʵ⣬
Ӧÿǹҵա

Ϻֲ֢(Shanghai Cancer Recovery Club)65־Ը߳°
17ǰϻٰ˵ҿ϶
ʱҪڵĹӪһ͸ҽԺд˸ӣ
֤֧ҽҩѡù500ԪһǮ

ۻǷαҽԺҪԤȸǮαĻ֧߱
һзéִȻ뱨ûǮͲܵõơ

2003꣬ιз6СʱϺһҽԺļҡҽ
Ԫ䣨Ϊ˽ѹҪҪ7,000
ԪұȸǮҽ˵ĳɹֻ50%

ιһҹн˾һλݵͳʦǵ
ԣǶҽƱաһòôǮι
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ԪԥˡǸϣĩٺú롣50%
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йҽƱѸ٣ҽԺǱʱ
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ҽԺǷ׷ƳߵҽƷйҽԺòҲʹȫıˡ
Щ豸СҽԺҲӵ˼۸񲻷ƵĵԶϲɨǡ
ѧ(Fudan University)ѧԺڡйʺʾڹȥ
꣬ϺҽԺÿڼҽ豸ϵ֧1ԪҩռϺҽԺ
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Ժ˵Ҫá

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ҽƱ̻ͨʹ(Utilization review)ֹ
ĳ֡ʹǶҽԺƵҽѧҪԽĹ̡Ϊû
ҪļƳ豨Чͬ˹̶Դ
кޱҪƾáйĿǰû

ҽƱռƻΪز趨Ը˱ز
ҵĶ⣬趨ԸܼҽԺǿɱƣ߶ҽ
Ʒ˵Ҫɸıչ˾ˡӦأҽԺα
ȡķʱδαȡķûҪ͡

һЩרҳƣйıƿܴ෴Ľ(World Bank)
ѧ߸˹(Adam Wagstaff)ֵ(Magnus Lindelow)йһ
оƣʱα߻ᱻȰ˵ܱδα˹öơƣ
ڻҽƣйҽԸø߿ƼֶΣȻЩ
ҲûôҪҽʵ˲߶ԸõĿԡǻ
ʾĿǰȱʽĻͶ߳

ëȺ˵ͬҽԺѾĴ̣оʹҩ
ۺӯƸӺ˵ǸǳӵḶ́Ҫʱ䡣
ϣִȻٴͷʼ

йҽƱ֧ռı½ʾ1978
2003ڼ䣬˽֧ҽ֧ռı20%ӵ60%ͬʱ
֢賤ơѸ߰ļȡ˷ν˵ȴȾԼΪҽϵͳ
ĸ

йԱϣʹҽ˶ԣҽҲΪһø
вȶϯѾʾҪҽƱ
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ŬұոǷΧ󵽸ĳ˿СڳУ
ҽ磬Ϊ߿ĵһվҽԺ
ṩҽƣΪھҽҩԺƵȷṩ顣

2000 껼󲡡ǰϣӲ5,000Ԫ
йʹǿвײ㡣ǽҲûкӣǵ
øǴй(China Construction Bank)25,000Ԫ
һҵķݡ

ڵĹӪλ˱աͬԽԽеƯְʿһ
Ǿٹ򲹳䱣ԻðȫСϣΪϵıѾ
С󲡡ʼѰչ˾
(American International Assurance Co., Ltd.)ĸ˺ա

ͬչ˾һѰҲΪγɲ˽
ҽƱյ󽫻ӡѰվʺ磨
󲡡յҵǳá˵ͻʾҽƱղǡи
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ʺ˵ϣ˺ͼ˵򡰴
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֡

ѾӽѧλĲŮʿգԸǻ
İáϣʼɹϣܹ֧֣
ʱ༭11飬йʷһԼһƱղ
ָϡʧΪֹЩְֻ1,500Ԫ
롣

ȥ꣬ϣȷﻼθ˽⵽ղܸǻ֧ȫ
áΪʡǮƵĵһ꣬ҪҽΧڵĸҩ
갩ϸɢβҽĽ鿪ʼҩЧǿҩƷҩ
󣬶ҪԷѹ

Խ֢ͬøծԽءѽǮϣҲ
ѷŵϺҶԭסϴ󲡵ķݾԶ֮˵
ѶĿͻҲˡ

ΪֹƷѾ˴Լ25,000ԪϣѾ
12,000Ԫ㲵ĺϣ˵ֲ󣬾ǵ޵׶
ֻܱٵҩеǳ

ڶԼе£ϣ̫̫ʼŽˡһȺؽ
õ긾ŮĲǰ󣬺ϣͳΪϵĻͽһ
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