                         ˿µϣ20060525գ

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˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

                       бҪԸάƬ

                              ӡ

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йԱϰ˶ͥÿ˵ʳ
ϰ߶ͬôܻһͳһ󣿸ݳʶҲ֪ʲôƽ
ǷǳƵġ

2006.5.21.

Ƽ2006.5.24.

(XYS20060525)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

йָѧ٣˵ĸʽȺ

ߣDavid Cyranoski
ӢȻ2006524

룩

йѧűһ˫ниΣգһǲⱵĿѧΪ
һǻָصȺ

ڶԹٷǡش¼һȱģ⵼ԽԽ
Щйѧҵվ˵δָػ
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ڽ3£廪ѧҽѧԺԺ밴ӦԺڱ
ָðһH. LiuΪıעˮ󱻽ͣȻ440, 728; 
2006ݱԷЩָأڰԱʧµĻڽ4£
ɶĴѧΪһûαģ⵽йý
ƪԴ2000귢⵽2003йһ
źŴоƬϺͨѧ밴ԭˡĳ½
2ǰѧǴαоһ˾ơ

Уһڶߵվ˿
http://www.xys.orgԼǿ۷˹ؼãվڽ¶й
ѧٷ

ǰУ˿ϵָصйýиٱ
վӵˡסڼʥǸﻯѧѧ߷񣨷ӣ
ȹ˾ŰоƬĻǩĳ½˾ơӰҺͼ˵
ǡȷǼΪ½ĥоƬĻ־Ľƹ˾We were 
the first one to identify the architecture company which polished and 
re-labeled Chen's chip. 120˹šǩΪ
½绤Ƿд£һ˿վ
еΪҴδΪ½绤йس½ָȱڼ
ڶĻ̳ǵ̳˿һ߿۵
̳мȷϲҷϵ֮ǰû˿Ϸָأ
ΪǵǲָءʵϣҰĳЩߵ鲢
ṩĳЩؼϢǵվϷ֧һ鲢
¶һЩϢȷǼΪ½ĥоƬĻ־Ľƹ˾
дһƪҪһĵ飬ø˳еβ߳½
(I never defended Jin Chen. The allegation about Jin Chen was first 
posted to several popular Internet bulletin boards, including ours 
(New Threads have a bulletin board that our readers can freely post 
their comments). I didn't publish this allegation on New Threads until 
some journalists have identified and contacted the whistleblower, 
because it is our policy not to publish anonymous allegations. In fact, 
I help some journalists to investigate and report this case by 
providing some critical information. I published many articles to 
support the investigations and disclose some information on our web 
site. We were the first one to identify the architecture company which 
polished and re-labeled Chen's chip. And I wrote an article to ask for 
further investigating this case, finding more people accountable and 
prosecuting Chen.)

ȱ㹻ʽƵ£վӵеɿѧҵ
ΪָزΪĹעġ

ӡڰɲ˹ӡڰɴѧѧҸԪ˵Ĵѧ¼ʹ
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ݵߵָء˵һЩĵ飬ʱҲⲿר


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Ԫ˵ϣܹйһڿѧΪܹѵ
רɵµĻٵָؽе飬Ŀгʵ칫ҡ
ȻҽѧJuan-Carlos Lopez˵ǶԽ˾ָκȫһ
϶ǱҪġѾйġ˵˵ķϻLopez˵ʤ
εȨʱˡ

ǲ⽫ηԪĹͬǩҲδյйȨ
κδ𸴡


http://www.nature.com/news/2006/060522/full/441392a.html

Nature

Published online: 24 May 2006; | doi:10.1038/441392a 

Named and shamed
As accusations of scientific misconduct in China become rife, some 
fear persecution reminiscent of that used in the Cultural Revolution.
David Cyranoski



Chinese science risks being sliced up by a double-edged sword: rampant 
scientific misconduct on the one hand, and persecution based on false 
accusations on the other.

The lack of confidence in official mechanisms for properly 
investigating fraud has led to increased reliance on websites that 
challenge the records and publications of Chinese scientists. But many 
are concerned about the damage such untested allegations can cause; 
more than 100 Chinese scientists based in the United States have sent 
an open letter to the Chinese government, asking it to set up 
mechanisms to ensure that claims of scientific misconduct are 
investigated fairly.

China admits it faces a serious problem with scientific misconduct, 
including plagiarism, and the fabrication and falsification of data. 
The scale of the problem is unknown, but a recent spate of allegations 
has drawn attention to the issue.

In March, Hui Liu, the vice-dean of Tsinghua University medical school 
in Beijing, was fired, following claims that he had boosted his 
publication list with papers by another H. Liu (see Nature 440, 728; 
2006). Liu has reportedly denied the charges and blamed the mix-up on 
a clerical error. In April, Sichuan University in Chengdu was 
criticized by the Chinese media for finding one of its professors 
innocent of fabricating a paper; the paper has been under attack since 
its publication in 2000. And two weeks ago, Jin Chen of Shanghai's 
Xi'an Jiaotong University, whose announcements of one of China's first 
digital signal-processing chips in 2003 stoked patriotic fervour, was 
condemned by his university for faking research and stealing designs 
from a foreign company.

In all three cases, a popular Chinese-language website known as New 
Threads (http://www.xys.org), which has a reputation for disclosing 
scientific fraud in China, played a key role in fuelling public outcry.

In the first two cases, postings of the accusations on New Threads led 
to the Chinese media picking up on the stories. And the website's owner, 
Shi-min Fang, a biochemist based in San Diego, California, claims he 
was the first to post the name of Chen's company which supposedly 
re-labelled foreign chips.

The power of the website to implicate scientists in the absence of 
adequate formal mechanisms of investigation has put it at the centre 
of concerns over claims of misconduct.

Xin-Yuan Fu, an immunologist at Indiana University in Indianapolis, 
says it was the Sichuan University case that drove him to write a 
letter to key science-policy officials, including China's science and 
technology minister and the head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
asking them to take action. The letter struck a chord among his peers 
 within five days of circulating it to other Chinese biologists 
based in the United States, Fu's letter had collected 120 signatures, 
including those of two researchers in China. "I was overwhelmed," says 
Fu.

After noting the need to expose all types of misconduct, the letter 
focuses on the problem of unfounded allegations, particularly those 
that attack scientific claims without giving evidence of faulty 
laboratory procedures. It ends by condemning the tendency to make 
"personal attacks anonymously in public... in the absence of proper 
investigation".

Fu says the Sichuan University incident is a case in point. Yuquan Wei, 
vice-president of the university, published a paper in Nature Medicine 
in 2000 detailing the use of foreign endothelial cells as a vaccine to 
prevent tumour growth. The paper claimed success in mice and suggested 
the technique could work in humans (Nature Med. 6, 1160C1166; 2000).

But Lusheng Si, an immunopathologist at Xi'an Jiaotong University who 
first came across the paper when reviewing a grant proposal by Wei in 
2001, suspected that it contained fabricated data. On 26 March this 
year, after hearing that Wei was using the paper to request a further 
large grant, Si attacked the paper on New Threads.

The letter led to a media fury in China and an investigation by Wei's 
university. Sichuan concluded that Wei had committed no offence, and 
that the dispute over Wei's research was simply a run-of-the-mill 
academic disagreement. The media in China has continued to criticize 
Wei and Sichuan University, but many scientists think Si's attack was 
irresponsible and based on unsound interpretation of scientific 
concepts and procedures.


Si contends, for example, that the mouse immune system should respond 
to all proteins in foreign cells, whereas Wei's paper suggests that 
immunized mice selectively respond to a few antigens. "This violates a 
fundamental law of immunology," Si says.

But Lieping Chen, an immunologist at Johns Hopkins University School 
of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, and a signatory to Fu's letter, 
disagrees with Si. Chen says that a selective immune response to one 
or a few foreign proteins is an aspect of well-known phenomCenon 
known as immunodominance.

Si also questions the number of mice Wei used, estimating this to be 
around 40,000. "This is too big to believe," he says. Wei, backed by 
Chen, says Si has miscalculated the number, and that less than 5,000 
mice were actually used.

But even those who defend Wei admit that his response hasn't helped. 
For example, Si claims that Wei has so far refused to release his raw 
data, which most agree would settle the issue. Wei told Nature, "I did 
not say I cannot release raw data for inspection", but he has not 
clarified whether he will make his data available. He has denied all 
misconduct.

The university's investigation into the matter has failed to convince 
many that the truth won out, mainly because it lacked transparency. 
"The recent self-investigation into alleged fraud at Sichuan 
University is a total joke," says Mu-ming Poo, a neurobiologist at the 
University of California, Berkeley, and head of the Institute of 
Neurosciences in Shanghai. Nature's request for details on the 
university procedure and an introduction to members of the 
investigation committee was referred to Wei; as Nature went to press 
he had not provided any information about the investigation.

The recent self-investigation into alleged fraud at Sichuan University 
is a total joke. 



Poo believes the incident is indicative of the fact that most Chinese 
universities lack the capacity to investigate one of their own. "The 
outcome is likely to be influenced by the university's own interests, 
such as protecting its reputation," he says.

Fu's letter, sent on 8 May, calls for greater involvement of 
higher-level funding bodies such as the science ministry, the Chinese 
Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Natural Science Foundation of China 
(NSFC).

These institutions already have investigatory bodies. The CAS 
established its ethics committee in 1997 and drafted guidelines in 2001. 
The NSFC committee, established in 1998, says it investigated 445 
allegations of misconduct in its first five years (out of an estimated 
30,000 projects that it funded during that time). In the most severe 
cases, the committee indefinitely blocks perpetrators from applying 
for funds.

But many scientists feel these committees are ineffective, and a lack 
of confidence in their ability to settle matters is driving those with 
grievances to publish them on the Internet. For example, Si says he 
considered sending his complaint to the CAS or to the science ministry, 
but he was unable to find contact details for either. So he posted his 
accusation on New Threads instead. Nature's attempts to contact the 
committees of the CAS and the NSFC were also unsuccessful.

"It is the [effective] absence of such formal mechanisms that makes 
New Threads important," says Fu. But Fu, a human-rights advocate, is 
worried that the media frenzy following irresponsible web-based 
accusations, particularly by those who don't identify themselves, 
hearkens back to China's 'big letter' posters or 'dazibao'.

These wall-mounted handwritten posters were used to persecute those 
considered enemies of the government during the Cultural Revolution in 
the 1970s. "Anyone could write anything, and people would read it and 
assume it was right," says Chen. "It would be a terrible thing to go 
through again, in academia."


Fang, who has been widely praised since setting up his website in 2001 
for exposing bad science and trying to raise the profile of research 
ethics in China, defends his postings. He says he only accepts about 
10% of submitted letters, and that he only publishes allegations from 
correspondents who identify themselves to him. He adds that he does 
some preliminary investigation and sometimes asks outside experts for 
their opinions.

But several scientists have written to Nature to express concern over 
how powerful Fang's website has become, saying they are afraid to be 
named for fear of becoming his enemy.

Ideally, Fu says he would like to see China establish a new agency 
staffed by experts trained in scientific misconduct that could 
investigate claims of fraud, akin to the US Office of Research 
Integrity. That would certainly be necessary to resolve the case of Si 
versus Wei, says Nature Medicine's editor-in-chief Juan-Carlos Lopez. 
"There's been enough of this 'he said, she said' nonsense," says Lopez. 
"It's time for the competent authorities to get involved."

How likely that is to happen is unclear. Fu and his co-signatories 
have yet to receive any response from the Chinese authorities.

(XYS20060525)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ΪʲôҪа˾ϣ

ʤ

ȥμӡˡ;Уڻӡ˿վ϶
˾ºӱũнܵĹš˾ϵġΪʲôж
XYS20060417ٴαܿܵı֣3СʱķУ
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ģũѵӾ Ƹڽа˾ϡ2006-03-17Զ
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бͷʼٸߣһҪսԼԶб
ˣǹͬʼٸߡ

н4.24ͳʲôϢ

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֤Զбɿ벻С2006-04-21
б˵죨420գ˾ϵĹŷũ
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ѧþ棬ܵ˵ѧ罨ѧϰǺõģѧʵȡ
˾޴ĳɼǼѧĽϣڴڲݺĳЩ滹
Ƚص⣬ͻѧ縡꣬ѧ縡д졢ʵ
ѧ淶ͶȡɣĹУԭԲ
ֶıȡ˽Щص谭ѧܻѧ

    һѧ淶ѧ罨裬һǵ20048£
й䲼ߵѧУѧѧоѧ淶ŷᣬ淶
УѧѧĹ淶ѧ۹淶ȶȷĹ涨һ
ǿѧºѧ罨ĻԹǰã䷢˹ڹ᳹
ۣǿƶȽ衢ǿҪԣ֮ѧ
ºѧ罨裬ѧºѧ罨豾ģ߽ѧ
ĸ֤ºǿѧߣѧı棬ûд
ûпѧо͸ѧ淶ѧоĻ֤

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Уĺ񣬽ÿλʦĸְûϽѧ̬ȡû
Ľѧ̬ȣѧЧ޷֤ġұϽѧ̬ȺõĽѧ
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ģҶ徫áѧµ
ߣӰ죬ͬʱӰõѧ硢̷硢У
磬ֵƾвá

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Ϊ˰ϸץʵץӲҪĹѧ
ºѧ罨о顢滮ѯԼҪĽ⣬ʵƽѧ
ºѧ罨衣ѧ罨ίԱı³ġ

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ǽѧίԱרίԱᣬȫߵѧУѧѧѧ
¡ѧ淶ѧָѯѧ罨ίԱĹ
ָ˼ǣ˼ΪָϽѧʵǡڴ
µѧ磬ĹҪһǹ᳹ʵҺͽѧ罨
ļⶨߵѧУһǿѧ罨裬ʹѧΪʵʩϸ
ļܽƹѧ罨ĵ;飬ָƽߵѧУѧ
ѧĽ衣ԸߵѧУѧʾĲеУ֤ͨ
İ취йصλο

    ίԱԱڹ㷺ƼѡٵĻɽʽƸģ
Ƹ֮ΪѧίԱѧ罨ίԱίԱƸ
סۡƽŷΪίԱ

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ͨСļṩָһ㲻¼¼ѧУ
ѧίԱһҪƶУָ乤ѧ罨
ίԱԸݹҪƸίԱԱμӹѧ罨ίԱ
鴦鳤ΪΣΪѧ罨ίԱļˮƽ
Ĺţѧ罨ίԱڵһγϣίԱҲ
ѧ罨ίԱίԱ

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ίԱĸμίԱԶ˳
ڶίԱרȨ⣬ίԱֻԸݲμίԱ
κѧУίԱִίԱȨĹʱ
ίԱ鴦ֵĽţʹõĽŲó涨ķΧģίԱ
ְʱ͹۹£ڹڼ䣬κ롣 
壬ίԱѣֱʦ¼ϵԼӰ칫
ԵӦرܡίԱеְίԱ
ϸܣй©ίԱڲ۹̡δȨίԱ
ίԱݽýɷû򷢲ϢߣίԱίԱ
ϣյĸ˽˵йزϺӦʱת鴦ĿͷӳҲӦ
ʱίԱλ鴦йݽбܡڰˣίԱΥ
ѧ淶ѧµΪӦ˳ѧίԱᡣھţίԱĺϷȨӦ
ϷίԱΪְܵѧίԱ
й֤ݣѧίԱ鴦

    ϣڸĹ£ýĹ£ǵѧ罨ίԱ
гɾܹͣʱƽҹѧºѧ罨ĸĽߡллң
ллԬ˾ǽܵйǶίԱһ˽⣬
ǽ컹ر뵽˽ոճѧ罨ίԱίԱҲ廪
ѧѧ֮ڣ֮ίԱİš롣

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ҪһܣָǼԼලѧ罨ίԱĳ
2006523գڴ֮ǰĸ£Ҳǽ1Ѯٿ˽
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ѧ罨ίԱᡣѧίԱ³̵涨ѧ罨ίԱṤĴ
棬Ͳһһ彲ˡָѧ罨ίԱĹҪ㣬23
ȫͨҪץ¼Ĺֱһܡ

    һһЩйѧ罨ļΪʲôҪļأʹ
ÿίԱܹܹһܵĿ꣬ͬʱҲܹڽʦ
𵽹㷺áһЩйѧ罨ļһǳҪ顣
ڳۣڽҪݵļУߵѧУѧѧ
ѧ淶ʵʩϸ򡷣ǰѾⶨ˸ߵѧУѧѧѧ淶
ķѾʵʩϸûУҪʵʩϸƶڸߵ
ѧУѧѧܹʵļѾֹˣǰ
֮һЩǣͷһЩߵѧУʦϿ
һݸ壬ۡŽȽϹĵǸߵѧУѧ
ѧΪʹΪ˲Ǽؼǲ˵Υ£
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ڽڲҲר˸𣬰Ӧеĳ
Ϊ壬䵽ʵ

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ǿоģҪǴѧʦͲʿ˽ѧ
ѧѧ淶ʲôݡҪǴѧĿƵ֪ʲô
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Ҹǰ֮ǣͷһЩʦѧѧ
ѧ淶ڴѧҪѧϵ⣬Ҹ˵ĿǶԽ϶ѧ淶
ϵ⣬˵ΪϾǶԾ
ѧ淶Ҷѧ淶롢˽⣬ҪȽ϶
ϺܶѶѧѧѧ淶Щ
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Ӧ̫˽⣬ѧ罨ίԱὫһǿ

    ⣬ҪٰһЩѧ罨ֻᣬԼйԱѧ淶ѵ
ȻǺҪģһЩо໥ʶ
ѧ淶ѧ淶Ŀп⣬ҪооǾ뵽涨ʲôǡ
Ϯ˵йѧʷкܶоϣ㲻㳭Ϯⶼ
ȷؼ˵ʲôϮӷɹ۵㿴һЩҪ
һЩѧоⶼҪȷоҪչйѧ淶ѧ罨
ʷоڹеĴѧñȽϺãһЩɹľ飬һ
ЩרҶЩĲϣѧ罨ίԱûгǰҲɣе
Ҳ棬ҪҹʵԽѧ罨ίԱо
Ĺܹܶ࣬㣬ҪĺϸоĹòã
չͺѣϣõҵ֧֡ڲΪ棬Ҳ
ѧ罨ίԱҲ뵽¼УǿһЩ鹩йظߵѧУ
οΪʲôôļҲáоҲãչѧҲã
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飬һ˼ܲڳϵĽҽۣ
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ȵȣݱ˵־ԸǶ鴦ʲôĻй
ԱμӣͻȽϷ㡣Խᣬѧ罨ίԱ2006
ĹҪͨһ¡룬һͬҪΪٽҹѧ
ѧĲϷٷչбҪѧϸͶʹѧ
ѧĴºͷչܹҹĿ͹Ҫллң

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һʻԽԽϤҲԽԽرǽ๤
Уʻǡ⡱ȥڸ߿ʵʩӮ
㷺ĺʵڽ๤жڿʼʵʩ⹤̣
но˾еѧλȨͲʿĵЩ
ˡ󡱣ȡ˺ܺõĳЧо˾˾ǽ
һ½ѧλȨ˹ʵʩй롣

    [ǽ]:ãܸܹҽܽѧλȨ˹ʵ
ʩ йղԬ˾ѧΪԼѧ粻
ʱǿüģʱǿġע⵽һ
һӰ죬ڲʿ˶ʿ걨У𽥷һЩѧУ
Ĳϲˮ֣ЩЩǿơȥУ
ǲȡһʩ󡱣ǽеһɲ֡
ҪʵӦеĹƶȺͼҪ⣬ҪӸϵָ
ȽЧİ취һǰĳɼڶ걨
Ϣ80ʱû㹻ע⣬Ϊȥ
ˮֵ٣ûǵӡ걨ϢĹʵϾ
磬ܵͬеļලΪ֮ͬ䶼Ǿ֣
ļලΪЧġֻǲп޶ѹ֮
ĸţӶ֤Ľչ·ӡ2005Ժѧί
Ա֯Ĳʿ㡢˶ʿУǾʵˡ󡱡Ӧ˵
ЧʮЧġ

    󡱰Ҫݣһйļȷе
򣬲ϸĳУгκκ򣬰ʱ˳
𣬶Ҫ걨λ˵ڶΪҲҪһ
걨֮ǰҪйʾȻģΪ걨ʿ
˶ʿЩ漰һܵĿЩǶ޳Ϲ
ʾжڻϽйʾйʾ֮ǽκελ͸
ͶߡٱΪҪļǿ걨λԼ

    бĲϼнк˲飬Ҫйصλṩ֤ݵ
֤ϣ˵֤ԭĵ嵥ȡΪǱϾһ
ţͶߡٱĲһ࣬ǲܲ÷ǳϸøߵѧУ
Լк˲飬Ҫصλṩ֤Ĳϡ˲֮󣬶ֱ
˲ṩר顣ģԲͬԲμͶƱ
רʵʵƣȻǸݲͬ˵Ҫѧһ
ĶƣҪרҼڼǿרɷʮЧ壬
֮ͨѧƵ㣬ٴνйʾͬʱٴνܼٺͶߡ
һǳ͸̣ͨϣﵽĿģ
ǿѧ罨衢ʵƶȵĸʵֶȨļලǿѧ罨
ͬʱʵ֮ͨרҽйأΪ͸ģרĳ
ݾͻѹúСûռ䣬ȫר

    2005˵ĽͶ෽ϢЩʩﵽԤڵЧ
Ӧ˵2005ʵʩ󡱣ܵĿǳɹġȻһЩڼǿѧ
跽ĹҲڲͬĹֳˣ˵ÿһȵ㲩
ʿѧλѡȫƪʿоѡ100ƪõģһ
ͬʱҶҲһпѧоѾ
߽죬һѡ687ƪϴҿע⵽ʵÿ궼
100ˣ99ƪûеõ׼Ͷڡĵѡ
Ҳʵʩƻ60Ͷڡ궼УÿҲи
ıͶߣܵЩĵˮƽû⣬ӸߵΪ
㲩ʿĵĴһ覴ǶҪΪʺΪ
Ҳȥ֣һ֣ڲμģеҳ뱻
ģΪʲôҪأΪҪṩģΪ
едеͼϣܹٴһá
һ2005зһƪһͼˣ
һͼȻ˵ͬһ⡣ͼĵĵʱ򣬱
רҷˣǾͶԲˣһ·ûвۡ

    ڶĲϽ˵ʱҪд
ڼҳڼƪ¡һڿеķûбע
ҲΪǲϸġǲһɣǶ˺ɵģ
巢ġȻעһƪǽĵĺ
Ϊ壬Ѿõ˹Ҽ󽱣˵⼸㶼Ϊһʽ㲩
ʿģһҪϽѧ̬ȣʿĹ̵Уѡ
ĵʱһҪиߵҪҲǶȫʿһҪ

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ϸ˼ĳϮǶӦĴллң

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ѧƽΪ˽һƽԹѧΪĸУƶ
ѧĹҪҪءУҪʶƶ
ѧϵУȶĴ֣ϵҹߵȽҵȫ桢Э
չǵǰͽ൱һʱڸУҪһǿУ
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ϵȺġѧѡѧ󡱵⣬άѧ
Ĵֳ߶ӣʵ

    ҪУҪǿѧԱ齨衣ԭϰѧУȫ
ͨרоУģ12500ıбڵʵ
ƣ䱸ӦרְԱҪʵǿѧԱѡΡ
ʹùǵ˼ʡҵˮƽʵʹΪ
һƶͥѧṩ֤֯Уÿѧ
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֪ͨҪǹƶѧ

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Уִ칤ҪҪ棬һƽ⹤ƶȻ
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ʶطʶԾ᲻֮ĸźʴž
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УΪϵͳ񹫿У񹫿һҪݣԾܹ
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źͱУ踺𣬼ҪץԹ֯
ҪץøɲĹලҪȷ쵼š
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첿ҪԱźͱУʵмල飬
ʵ׷ƶȡзΥΥ⣬Ҫա
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첿ŵΡ

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Ļϣ໥Эϡʱͨƽй⣬γɼලĺ
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ƣȫ̲صලƶȣ칤ᴩڸ߿
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صλصʱεļලرҪǿԼƻʹ
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¼ڣƱźͱУĿٷӦƣƶӦ
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УкܶйѧԺԺʿ͹ԺԺʿѧ跽棬ȫ˵
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һֱڹעⷽĹʼڼֺȻѧίԱָ¹

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취Լǿ淶ҿƼԱĹ涨֪ͨǶЩŵĻָ
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ΪͬмලۼලҲǺҪģѧΪǶϣ
ѡͬеּ֧ල£ǽⷽǿ

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ʣЩƽȵģеĶýع⣬ʵʩѧ£
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