                         ˿µϣ20070115գ

07.01.15, ѧɾͽһʹ˵
07.01.15, Źҫҽҩǵصصαѧϣ
07.01.15, Y5Yᵼ·ж𣿡
07.01.15, ־ϺͿ𣿡
07.01.15, ˿20071º
ţ¡Ӣ꡷ʺӡҿʥڵ֡ˡʳ
Ա˾
˿¶߸ҡά׷ǡ
Ǭ󡶳ݼʮ꡷ҡϷϷԡ
Ĵˡ
͡߾ٻأ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ѧɾͽһʹ˵

ע⣺ʹҪǩޣ۲ÿ
ʷѲ䣬4.5Ԫ

ѧɾͽһʹϢǳѷӳʾ
̫㡣齫20071µȫͳһУʱȫ»
ϼۣĶ߿ԵйشͼùҲͨ
׿Խ깺顣м򵱵ع򲻱ѿͨµ
ַʹ

2770    ʱࣺ100044
ϵ绰010-88555365 88555157 
鶨ۣ25Ԫ  ʷѣ4.50Ԫ۲ÿʷѲ䡣

(XYS20060115)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ҽҩǵصصαѧϣ

Źҫ
ϴѧѧᷢչоɳ410083

ҵһοҽΪαѧ2001ꡣ5ȥˣҽαѧ
۶ϲûеõֵ֤˵ҽҩۻΪα
ѧҵ˵ǻҽҩ۴ӹŵûйѧ
жϵġⷽ棬ҽҩеһЩαѧ硰ѧ
ֲѧԴѧ鵱ŵ˹Ԥԡ
ȣԶǣҽҩȻûһѧȴй
˳Ŀѧıѧ¶ûеıڸǲҽҩ
Ϊһֵصصαѧ۵ʵʵġ

һҽҩ۵ĸα

ʲôҪܹ˽˼뽻죬ûȷ
ָƣġ˼뽻ֵʶֵû˼뽻ֵ
ʶֵĸǰα

Ҫʹܹ˼ںȷԡʿ
̸ȷԵʱһЩаʵ塢ʡ
ϵռ䡢ʱ䡢λáܶǸʵԡ
Ҳ˵ҪȷԵʵ塣˵ΡʱӦͬʱ
ǡľ򡰷硱ʲôжϸʵǷȷԣ
17ӢѧҵķȥǾǿܲʵ
ԭǷСĿԡ硰
ڣľԶ׼ģɡеġ͡
ɡֱͬߡھҲǲڵģ
֮һ̳ߡҲǾġڿѧУ߱
ĸᱻѧȥ̫ǵ͵ӡ

˵ѧ˼άҪʹﵽȷԵҪ󣬾ճ˼άҲﵽ
Ҫ󡣷򣬾ûа취нĶҽҩ33꣬Ϊֹ
ûзκһҽҩȷʵԺ;ԡ

Ⱦ١ҽӡ

ҽһСšɼڡƵھ
ƪ塰šģ̫šߣ
ĿҲƵھܹĸ̫š
ĿĸֱӻԭʵֻСĿ۾
ԭʵоĿԡߣ
ĿҲԱȷݿѧļԭ򣬿Խš͡Ŀ
һĹԼɾšɾĿǿԵġǣ
ҽ۽ӹŵû򻯹෴ҽǳż򵥻
۽裬ǲ䷳µĽһͬǡšھ
綨ڡĿѾȴתƵˡѾʮѡƣ
ΪΪţ֮ᣬԭ֮ϵһͬߵ
ǡұߵǡšԣ缸ǧʷ϶
Ǿ޽еġ

ʵڡšĻһԶֹڴˡ峯šֱת
Ƶˡšʲôǡšأ˵šǡİ硱ǣ
˲ͬ⡣ġΪһ࣬Ӧûĵġ硱Զ
ɡǣְ֪ۡ߳ѡšתƵһط˵
ѾʮѡԻߣ֮ᣬԭ֮ϵԲؾ
ŮϵΪؾϵ֮֮Ϊӡӻ
ӹѪңν֮ν񷿡žֱ֮ǰ֮
Ԫ֮䣬侫ɴ˳룬ŮɴʩŻ֮ơ֮
ţ֮ţν֮š˵šֻŮϴ
ڣûԳΪšŻԳ̸֪ۣ
»صİ硱˵İ硱ǹ֮Ĥǣ
İ硱ʲôأû˰˵ҹƣڻŵҽ
̩Ҳһûа˵

ԡƵھ߱šΪ㣬2000ڳ
۾İ硱͡ӹĸ˵ʵϤҽʷ
Ҳ֪šʵϻС䡱䶯ûг̫˵
ûгġš6ͬ˵ˡ

ҽԶʵڡƵھα飬˵ʡ
峯ҽġʡҽҲһֱ˹ġ
㣬һֱҽۼĻ

ҽԺšҽǣЩ塱ȴԿΪġ塱ͬ
ʱȾҪһҲҽѧ
ȴʼڡǡԴԼҲǾ
ʱѧ֮ʿƲġҽԭڡ׹ҩ
Խ˵ߣҽھ֮СɱǣЩ
ھ֮еҽȻĻ̳֪͡ұ
̳ҹѧƻþǿ֪ˡ

پҩ۵ӡ

ϸҽĶ߲ѷ֣ҽڽбʱǰ
ġġġƵھ9¡9һ
׾ġ֮ƣƣʱӵ
ʡ81ƪ͡ࡷ81ƪαбȵ֮дġѾ಻
Ҳǡ81ѡ⡰81Ҳǡŵġۣαũ
֮дɵα顶ũݾ¼ҩ಻365ζӦ
֮һӦһգԳ365죩Ҳеġκʱڣ
պ뾰ݾע¼ҩӵ730֣Ӧ֮
֮ǡӹŴҽҽҩ۽ѾԿ
еɫˣǣ˲ûоһ㡣

ҩۣһɼڱǰġ¼¹
ǰҩԡ͡˼ɡĸķ档Уҩҩ۵Ļ
Ȼǡǡҩۡҩ֮ԣҩ֮䡱
ӦƵھԡζΪҩԡԴˣγĿڊ]ţ
ʱҲţֱҲȻûšǣҽġѧߡ
·һֹƢԽԼŵĶԽȥΪԲ˵
ᡱ֤Ϊ˽ۡ

ȻҶ䡱ҩԣһ̸вҩҪ
⡰ζΪҩԱ࣬ӱҲģԪ꽡
ʱдݸĿʱҩѾҵˡߴ
ͳһ£ҩУԼ200200ֿɱ
ϻϣѧĹ۵㿴൱ڴӰ200Ԫصļ
ѡ3Ԫػ2Ԫطֱһ򼯡һѧĶߺ
׼133Ҳ˵Դ200133
ҩ˻ҲҩϵΥ˿ѧļԭ
Υԭ۽ûʸƿѧġ

ҽҩ۵߼α߼

ڡֺѩԭдһЩ˺ڻѧǷǳɫ
ġǵػ˺ڻҹЩ
ɬݡ˵ѾʾΪ˺ڻǰһ
ҽʲôߣҲضǡġ

ʵϣԡƵھΪҽ۹죬ֲ˺ڻ
ʤ˺ڻԹɵġ

ֵ˳ҽ˵ǣԡƵھΪҽ
˺ڻû˿Ҫҽ˵˼ҵøȷ
ѾĹ۵㣬ҽҽѧҽδضˡ
Ҫе˺ڻҽҩ䡣

ǲ˺ڻһҲҽԡ˺ڻ
ҽ֮Բܱʶ⣬ΪҽȱԺһ
Ե߼ȱԺһԵ߼α߼α߼
Ȼơ

ϣ߼ѧҰͼŷʾα߼Ļơ

һԴ԰ͼ

һ֦ʡ
ɫġ
ˣһ֦ɫıʡ

ʵα߼ǰǰỻһ£ͱֳˡ
뿴

Ǹס
ġ
ˣĸס

һ֮ԻƣûбȻԹбȻԹ
֮˻ƵǰͼʾģҲ߼ѧҰ
һƵΪͼۡʡ롰ɫ֮ڹ
ġ롰ס֮ûйѡûйáй߼
ȥ۾ͷǳˡ

Դŷã

ûжʧĶԾС
ûжʧǣԣԾнǡ

һ֮Իƣǰ̺һȷԵԤ衣
ûжʧĶҪڣ㡰ȷйֶ
ɶԡȷйֶԤȷϣͷǳˡ
Ƶŷ緢ֵģԣҲ߼ѧҰ̺ȷǰ
ŷùۡ

£Ǿĸҽҩʹα߼߼ϵ
ģ

һì

峯緢ҽอìܣҵҽﲡอ
Ĺอۼ֮ͼԴìܡƢθƢ
˶Ƣ򲻰ƢεԡƢ򶯣
ĥθʳƢʳƢ֮ǡ۷Σ
񽣬͸ϣ֮֮顣͸ϣεơжʮ
Ŀףзֲ֮۷֮ϣǡ⣬ҩ
۵ġߡ߽߹ǣ⣬Ѫˡ
˽⣬ƤëѪζƫʤΣΪ£
ģΪȣƢ֮ΣΪ壻ΪҲ
ìܵġ

⽨ϵ

ƵھӦƪ塷˵磬ľľᣬ
ΣġĿΪΪڵΪζ
ǣΪ磬ڵΪľΪɫΪԣΪǣ
Ϊڱ䶯ΪգΪĿζΪᣬ־Ϊŭ

ȻƵھ߰ҽѧѧͲӦðѡΡ
硱ľᡱĿ족ء
ζԡɫ֮ɵĸ

ǰ̺ȷԤ

ҩҩԤ൱಻ȷǰᡣԪ꽣ԫˣ
ҩԸģʹ˷ҩӡдȲ񣬵
˷֭˷࣬һлơԺ޶רдȡ
Ȳ񣬽ʷ֭֮ݱûоٳ˷ơȲȡ
óɹӣ¼ҩ÷ҩѧߣҲûԳ
࣬Դ֤˷྿ж޶˷ࡰԺΪ
ʵ鷽ȥ֤Ҳǲܵġɼҽҩڰ
ȷԤ½۽ġ

ģһԺ͹

йŴĻУȱһԺ͹丩ʰǡ˵
һһʵǲеģ
ҲõġŷõҪʹһԳͱ
㡰ȷشڡһ߸ûСһһ
ӣһһ͵ġŷùۡ߼Сһ
бʲôôһһȻǱȻܴ
ȻҪûĹԭЧġ
⣬ӡһơһͬʽͽ
Υһԭǰѡһ͡ΪһЩ֣ͨ
͡һҲӦһЩ֣ͨͲһˡʣй
ŴĻмйڡˡϵû㹫Ҫ
ҲûһҪֲĻԭ˼άϰߣҲӰ
ҽҩ۵Ĺ

Ϸ֪ҽҩ۵߼ǵصصα߼α߼
ۿ£ҽǷģҽġ1914
šҽѧʿ󳹵ԡƵھΪҽҩ
ԭ

(XYS20070115)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ᵼ·ж

Y5Y http://ywysong.blog.163.com

ʷǾ˵,ѧϺܶ,ڷӵʷҲ.

,sina,һο˹ںж, һο
ڶ뵱Ȼ͵νר,νµķ---רҳƳú
·֢. (http://news.sina.com.cn/s/h/2007-01-14/025812030210.shtml) 
ͷĵ,"֯ũ֯롰ܱ裬Ǳ
ڶԵ΢ԪءǦһķȴС
12ӡ30֡ƣĿǰռйг90%ĺ಻
ȣݰ߲ή͹ͷӲȣ·֢" 
ĸӱ:"úк","оųຬ ","ຬ
","ԶͯԴ".ô,Ű, ˲?

,ȳֵ"ľҽѧǻҽѧԺʷڽӼ߲
ʱƣ"ʹú࣬ͷ꣬ôˢҲȣ.  ". 
,˺Ǹù۵ȻԿǻҽѧר. ֪, ǻϵͳ
һϵ, ضĻʱضĻۺõĽ. Է
ӵĸԭ---ֹȣ, Ҫ˽еļɫ. Ȼ̸
Ժۺ.

,ʲô? 򵥵,һڿǻҺеһ޻.
޻,Ǳ-(Ҫɷǻ׻ʯ(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)), 
Һ(ǻҺĺõ)ܽȼ, ͬʱڿѿ󻯵
ƽ, ֤м̵.  Դڿǻ
ϸлʱ(ʱǶûܼʱɾʱ,
׷), ѿ󻯹̽ռ, ʱݵı
ܵʴ. γɰװ. ô,ͬʽķ,пʲ
ô? , F-OH-ǵȵ, Ұ뾶С, 縺Ըǿ, , 
Һ, ݱɲǻ׻ʯתɲַ׻ʯ
(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)F) ׻ʯ(Ca10(PO4)6F2), , иõķ
ʴ߻е, һ. , ʵ֤, F-, ѿû
, תΪٿ󻯹, ڿǻҺеCa2+, ٶȽϵ-
α, . һ, F-ĴڻһЩĴл(һ
F-ǿȥH+)γ.һ, F-Ĺ, 
Ȼ÷Եȴĳרҷ. , רҵĹ۵
, κԼκβɱ, . Ҫ
, ʹüȨ, ȴ. 

, һ,"רָʵϷһжʣ
ķݰ߲ή͹ͷӲȣ·֢Ũȵ
ΣܴӰݺ͹ǵķַ֢
ġŻ¡ɲȼԷжÿﺬﵽ3264
ͻᵼרҽܣˮŨȳ1PPMʱͻ
ںܶຬķŨȴﵽ1000PPMݽܣĿǰҹжʮʡ
ڸ߷Щʹú࣬ѩϼ˪"ûʵ
֮òƱ, ʵ?

ԪںĹұ׼涨400/ǧ, 
3264mg/Kg, ôһ°, һ4-5Ŀʼˢ, ذ20Kg, 
ԼҪٲŻж? ٷְ´ԼҪһγ65
! Цô? 趨ɼ, Էʽ, ж
5mg/Kg, һ, ȻҲҪһγһܴܶﵽ.ÿ
ʹж(뿴òһ)⣬ˮϡ
ͣڿеĶʱֱٵԺԲơЩִѧΪ
ҩרҲ˼һ£"ҩ" Чǲ̫Щء

Ը߷ķжоѾ꣬ˮеĸ߷ɵĵԷ
ж, ΨһĽ˼·¾. ΪʹשʳƷɵķж, 
ͨıӹʽʳƷ.  Ϊķ, 
Ƶ,ԺԲ.ϺϣƽڵһоΪ,ʹ3~6
ͯ, ƽ26%ʱ,ÿշҲ0.05~0,25mg, 
Ȼ10%. 

ȣݵʷʷһãڹŰϵľϷ
ȣݵĺۼȣݶҪӰ죬ʷڣ޷׽ʳ
Ｘζһ˵1901꣬ ݵҽFrederick 
McKayע⵽ɫߵĵ. ֱ1916꣬ҵ
ɫԴڷжͬʱط֣һЩкɫߵݷ
áĵʵ֤ʵ:ķԤȣóɹӦ
öִݽԵӰ죬һ̶ϼݶ˵


Ȼ, ֽ׶, ѧý,ȱٿѧ,ΪΨһĿĵý
, ƺԶԵĵ.ﲻ, ԽǱ볣ʶԽעĿ, 
ֲøκ. һںϱע˵ܷյý
, ȴ˷Էӵ־. عʷ, Щ¼һظ, ȴ
ûмȥ˼һ, Щ֪ߵĽ˵ĸֻƣ. 

ο

1ѧ []˹иĬ  
-ѧ- 
http://www.oursci.org/lib/mirage/07.htm
2.˵--̸йԺ
http://211.151.89.73/admin/cms/4230/index.jsp
3.İȫ
http://211.151.89.73/admin/cms/4226/index.jsp
4.ˮͷжĻЧӦо
http://scholar.ilib.cn/Abstract.aspx?A=zgdfbfzzz200105003

(XYS20070115)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

־ϺͿ

ģ

Ϸĩ߷̸йѧֻйԼ ־
˥ǰ˵ٻΪйִѧԹŰǰ³Ѹ
Ǻܵ͡³Ѹѧʲãֵˣܵܵѧʱá˵
ûѧ----šдƽ֮һŮѣû
飬Ҳҽо˰죬ȥǵġûʲô
Ϊ飬û̫̫ǰҲŮѡûᣬ֡ʼ
š;úʵԣоľǿԼ
ͷԼΪһС˵ҵ鹹ʹûеġ

ϷĩһҲΪ飬ǶÿԣǿͰɵĿˮ
񫣬־³Ѹ޳Ҳķ̸Ȼ
Ҳó֣ܲΪ߳ơΪýһޣ

ѾоˣҩѪͷؾ³Ѹˡ
86־һֱͨ˲֪β⣡ɲ׽Ӱ
ǣǿṥ³ѸѾ޳ˣĻСɡﻹеǷ켫
־壡ҽдɱǿ飬Ա󡣾ĸ췴
ɾԱ˵㲻㲻ܰѹݵô

³ѸΪһС˵ҵ鹹ʹûеġˣ
ǡQףҼЩ߾ѧԵ
ƪӺζ֪η޵У

˵ϷĩͺһЩӹ˶ġйִС˵ʷ
֮ű³ּڵ߸ġѧ³Ѹͳ־Ϊ
³Ѹ ٵȻйƷ  ³Ѹһ˰İ
ķˣԹǳáڴδͬë󶫣
Ҳ1940꡶ۡһС³Ѹ߾⡱һ
йִС˵ʷ̨棩ѵĻȦ³ѸƳ硢³Ѹ
йѧʷϵĵλйͣ־Ϊһ̳å
鹹ʹûġ

ڷ̸У־йŽѧ̣飬ԷƱӢ
ҶǺܺõġϲӢƷƷйƷҪá
йƷǧƪһɣʵʫҲõģʫ̫ˡġ
ˡҶڿйġ¥Ρ㲻Ҳûйϵйûһұ
뿴

ǣ־ôĿйѧĹ屦ﶼ㿷Ҫ˵
ϺͿˣԩ䲻ѧ޳мѰ

40ǰĳ桶йִС˵ʷʮð׻Ĵ
ѧ٣ʮǼλͻʫˡС˵ҡɢļң
İ׻ģʱͶöࡱֻ˱Ƿ
ƨΪһ֮ԣһ񱡹šֺѧ߷緶

ٿ20ǰһɣϻҪϷƨɡԡ
˵Լһºʢ˥˵Լѧ
֮֮㡱Ǳˡ񡱵ȵȣν鵱Ȥƣ
ǡõģƵ¸־(תء)

йִС˵ʷţĺǮС˵ɾ͵
ȷһףǡõġĵС׾
ıʺѧˮƽЩӵй˲ʮЦٲ
֮ΩҶй֮һԷĿ̨裬һԻ½
٣治֪Ǹʲô

Ƶ¸մѧʡƷԱǶȫλذһ̳С¶
ڹ컯֮£磺

Ҳʱ¶Կ֮顣ǵΪֹ
С۶ΪǸ첡ʵʹáҳһ
ۣ֮
ָ񣩸ͬʱӦúתҲ
ȥˣ֮ڣŵС˵¥رǿĲ岡ݣ
Ծһߣ¸ڣֹĻ룺ѩȻҲд
һ˼֮󣬵˥дĸ鲡
̬ʱûзʹϵϸڣڰʮأഺļ
ȥ
֮⣬ٹʱԸ̸̸Ҳܽ
ȵ鲡̬òҲ³Ѹ˵ġ첡
ʱүӦȥҸġġཱུġΧеˣ
԰Ůôֱ࣬ΪʲôƫҪס⡰첡أʱ
¡۵㡱ϣǲˡ־忴Ҳǲġ
ˣҪף˿ȫܵף۵㡱һ߶
Ļ롣
Ӣʫ˰ͬзϵŮɯרB߯ɻ˽ճɾ
Ӣѧʷϵǧżѻ̸ϷҲĩҪ
ĽΪʲôһҪԡϷΪѡŮѵı׼أߣ񣬡µ
һҲմǲݣŮ֡ˣ䰮ȴ
ĩ汦ͼٱķֱɣƵ¸־(ת
)

԰Ůôֱ࣬ΪʲôƫҪס⡰첡塱
νĵҪȤ¡˸ίƷλСûп
¥ΡȻȴɱ˫ۣȱѧ
޷Ȿ顣磬ʫڽ
֮ϣıȱȸɶһϣǱ񷴿֪⽨ʱ
ҹĻǲףŮʶѵã

죬ġرǿĲ岡ݡԾһ߶ֹĻ
롱ѩۿĿǣһ߿ûôҪ
ֻɫ¥Ρǲѩ۵Ҹ

³С˲ԽԽͣѧڡ
ɡ˷ã־ˡйѧ˭Խ
⡣˵ϷĩǸ壬Ƿǳ˵³Ѹ
ĥЫǰΪС࣬Щɣ

(XYS20070115)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

һڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
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ֱ괺죬һżȻĻҵ֪˹һһЩ
ࡣ¼ǰʮĴѧһλ̨⽻
ڸǣŷ˼ֳ񣬷˱ֻͿˡǰ
ǳԷľͺʵʱ򣬷޴йģ˵Ŀ
ζ׷ҵʷϣܵ
Զͳ֮Ժڷܺ͡

֮뵽ˡ׷桱ȻǸͼȫ֮ܿ
ˡԶ֮ͬǣйĳ۶ʥʹ֮С
ʵҲߣҲǻġһߵ顱
Ҳƺ㡢ǺǶҪҵıνߡȡ
ֻĵȴԼԼֻ֪һɭֺͲԭ̾
ڴġ

һٵһϣʨӡɻһ֮ࡱŮͻȻ
ڡ߳ޡĵӰϡŮܶˣһأ
ЩһյˡǣҵĲ򣬶
̬ޱȵļᶨءŮӣɷڷֲ
ȣıʳϰߺͽֳеһ
ҶⲿӰԭС˵Ҿط֣룬뿪֮
ЩġǶΪһλԭŮֱľͷǣⲻ
ΪųŮΪһͬ߹say yes
һȻ顢Ķ

ڡ߳ޡ֮ĳּʵŵĶһץҡÿϮ
ҵĻĲٶȵҾͽԭϵʨͱ۵Ļһ
ʵķޡǣо޴ĺӡϯ̨ʹˣ

ԽԽһĿȻʳԱ֮εĳǡ÷
Ҹ֮ǰѧУ֯ȥ˵Ӱ뿪׷ӡһо
ᡣ죨1996꣩뿪ѧ뿪˼ңȥϴѧ



죬ûعĿյȥ˴ѧʱһѡ
סķҿһϹϯϵĺӰ

ѡ˾ΪĳΪᡢҺȫĻĻ
вͬѧ˾֪֮ƽһÿ糿
𴲣ܲһСʱؼҳ緹ϰࣻĵ°࣬ȥ򳡴һ
Сʱ򣬻ؼϴ裬Ϊʮ֮ǰûСӡŬܶţ
ΪһԱľȴе㲻ͬ
ڱŷѧصڣΪһϹй˾ԱȻ
Ĺʱģ֮Ҳ뿪ضԼ
쵽ÿһǮΪΪйŮĹ

֪ʵְҵĽʹӢ֮⣬
ҶĹңˡ񡱡йŮԡĺ
֮⣬Ҫǵ»зǳࡣ磬Ժ̫СˣȻشʹ
칫¥һƬݵأһС־޼Ļݣ
ŷ־Ը߳ԲߵʳƢҪ󳷻־Ըеһ
㣬ΪһйˣǺһĿܡ

УĽǣһƬܹȫ롱
òٲáԻ͡ϹϯӰ˼򵥣Ƭϳֵʮ
ˣǻڱȫˡҵڵһУ밲ϲԶ
ᡢʢЩ˾ĸ߼֪ʶǣ
ʵͲɣĽģȴһ

˵Ӱ뿪׷ӡ뿪һ־֮
ҾԶ뿪иٸдĶΪһֹԵĵӢ۴
ܴʼյؽ룬ҲŴҵ￹׷١

ڣֻǵӰƬĽβˣһԵת۾ʽʹӰ
ƬͼøӶ룬ȴĪʵתơβǰ
ɽͶӿŴ󿨳ҹ˻ݽཬûһ·
Ԯ֮֡ԹۣΪ巨ʤŸסʱ֣һȺ
·־Ը߰ѿϳŢǰɽ¶Цݣӹһ־־
ԸݵСñ

˵ʵҺһβȤа塱˻󿨳
Ţֿܣ·㣬˾ѳеκ
һԽСаšΪ˰ѱõú⡣ʱֱ
гڹ·ԣСñƺܻ죩־ԸҲܡа
šǵĳҲֿܣϵ̨¼Ƭȥɽ
οʡСѧͬаţΪ˰ùͷֻע
ʽȴݡа塱һ𣬾ͽСȤɳ
֮ΪȤа塱Ȥа塱йǳ֮
С֮ҵĴ룬֮׷СӾ񡣡Ȥѧζ
ƶ֮ͻȻתϲЧӢҪĽ
֡

뿪׷ӡձŪһЦ磬ڿЦõഺ
̾Ϣз׷볡ˡ

ǣҿһʵϹʳԱĳ˾
һճסʳԱ˵ȥԮʼĹʱͣ
٣ڵλʽ㣬𲻵òٶԳ650ʳַȡ
곯ʼҪ50ʳԮĿǰֻ30ֵλ˾˵
ʵΪֹûа㹻ЭԱΪǽ
칫Ա⡭

ʳĻҵϹλãҲǴĪʼа롣
ÿֻ蹤죬ʳȡáǣ˾ȴ
˵뵱־Ըߣͱÿ칤ʮСʱԵصʳ
ԡͨסޡ⡭

˾һݵҵʳԱ֮Σһ
ȥ˾ͨһԱԸĵȻԼĳ
֡ռȴΪɸѡĽߡ

ھһʮԺ֮󣬴ʱ˿ӵһס
͡ˣס͡Եرؼʵɹ֮
ס


˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

				߸

	       

ڼĸ߸ҡ

߸Ȼȴ֪Ǳ
ǱȻû˵ʲôϡŹֵıУǾеζ
Ϊȫйոߵ˲Ϊ߸ҳúܸߣȡΪ
ߡôжأ룬ûҲһ׾Űɣûһ׾Ҳ
һװ˰ɣûһװҲС˵ȥˣ˵ȥɾͲˡ
Ȼʱ۳öߣҲܳһ׵ģôȡ
ôԤߵأĸĸԭǡˡ

ͽи߸ߣҪǣǸңȻģ
Ƕ߸ҡ߸ҡΪˡҡ֣Ը
𾴡ǵģûСҡ֣߸ߡƺʧȥ壬
ǾʡԵ߸ߡƺҡȴʡԵҡֱ
ƺ߸ߡ˵ҡȡ߸ߡҪֻΪ˵
ҡǵʶȴ߸ߡĵˡ

δ߸ʱ˽ʵǺܶ੤Ҫ
һεõ֣ϲáǺܡĴǣʵܶʱ
ǡǺܡǡǺܲеѧѧϰɼǺܲ
áйصһЩҪΪǺܺáֻ֪߸Ǹ
ңԱ˵еĴδʮִסһĳ䣬
һСϡҾֻ֪ô࣬˵ǺܶࡱǴģӦ˵Ǻ
ࡱ

Ҫҵ߸ȴѣΪֻҪڽ
Ҹʣʳס賓ʵҸʵĳʡ
ˣ£Ҿ͸߸дţʾľϽˮԸ
ĳʱŰݷã̻塣Ұżĳȥʱŷֻдš߸
ա֣ƱȻյˣһд˻ţ˵
ӭ١Ҹġʱ䡱ϸַô򵥡

߸˵ġʱ䡱պ٣籾Ŀͷ˵ĩ
ڼĸ߸ҡѾ˵߸סһ
Сϣԭߣ˳̣֮˵Ӧǡδ
⵺ȴԹһֵƣСֵ˳֮󣬲
ɽСֵҲˡֳǡ֡

ҵ˵ϣȥ߸ңһʱҸʡֵ
ֳ͡ǡƵô£治ϵ
˸˵ڡֵΪûҰѼӵԵʡҲƣ
ûҰѼӸΪֵ֮ʲôϵأϵ˵һ
ûҰѼӣѵֵôҸˣһûҰѼӣ
ôأϵ˵ʵҲ֣ǰ
˾ôΪģûҰѼӵĵǧǧƫƫǾֻ
֡˵治⣬ôڵҰѼôǰ
Щ˵߼׽ֻҰѼӵϷͲôҲͲӦó
֮Ϊֵˡϵ˵ɲУΪûҰѼӶΪ
ֵΪֵ֮󣬼ʹҰѼӴŷ´½
½ҲԲ񲻻˵ġ˵ǿϧˣ
һҰζϵ˵⵹ᣬҰѼǲɵģ
ɵҰѼҲ㲻ҰѼӡ룬ʹ޹ҰѼӣ⵺Ϊ
ֵҲԩ֣ǵϵ֣ɵҰѼҲ
㲻ҰѼӣ߼ѵô

Ҳٹܡֵ֣ʵôֳǡأǲΪ
ǽڡֵϵģҲͳΪֳǡϵ˵˼
άˣ⵺СֵҲҪСֳǡǵ
ָ޹صģǸи֡Ȥ˵Ŷ
һ֣ϵ˵ΪûɵӺͷӵԵʩûУ
һûСҲûɵӺͷӣҲֵ֣ҵǾã
ﵽɵӺͷӣǲŽءϵ˵Ȼû
һһɵӺͷӵģɵӺͷӵĳǲûɵӺͷ
ĳǲ֡˵˵ִļҾ԰˱Ʒ裬߶ѿ԰
ɵӦòΪɵ˺ͷ˲ɣϵ˵֮
ǡûɵӺͷӣֳǡǡֳǡĹ١

Ҳϵۣ뿪ͻȻ뵽һ⣬˵û
ҰѼȷģ΢ЩʶҰѼӵ˾ܿǳ
ûɵӺͷô֪أ⿿һ˫۾бһ˵ǲ
ɵӻ߷ӻ߼ȷɵôϵ˵ȷʵûɵӺͷө
ûУһûУҸ߸ҵóġ룬ԭ
߸йأ֪ôó۵ģʱ䲻磬ֻô
⵽߸ҵסȥˡ˵Ҳֻ˲˵ôó
۵ġ

һԢ˸߸ңʼһΪӣΪû
еôߣҲûôϣ˵Ǹ߸ߣݸһƬ
ӡСҡĽ֡ûƬΪûʲôͷΣǿ˵
ǡְʦȴӡƬóȥˣֻ÷ѿҽһ
Ȼд˵סұΪ߸һëλ
õͷνġëλáָǱóͷϵëȴȫ
°賓󲿷ֵˣǸӡôȻ߸ң
ôҲ󣬿ȴ֣ͷϵëû°
°ëȫܵͷȥͷëĳȡǳ˵
ǻۡ˵ͷʶ̡ô߸Ұѱù
ȥͷĳƣ񲻿˫أʹ߸һǳң
һʮ

Һ͸߸ҷֱ֮󣬱˴ȿһţһһת
塱Ľҡȵתɵӡ͡ӡ
˵ǽСֳǡΪȻûһɵӻӵԵʣֳ
ûһɵӻӵģǸ߸ˣ֪ǲ߸˵
ȷʵˡ˵֪߸ôֵأ߸˵⻰
˵ǽõʱ򣬲ûƣΪѾˣϽʲô
ֺαأǣҲ͵⵺ֻҪֵȥҲ
ȥʲôⱾúõģǵס֮Ϊ
дҪȥ۲˵Դôҹ۲
ȴ۲첻ɵӺͷӵӰӣǱ֣ºܿ촫˳ȥ
Ҳ֣Ǳȫ幫ͶѳΪֳǡ

˵ԭ߸Ϊдȥ۲Ӷֳû
ɵӺͷӵġҲЩɵӺͷӶڼﲻ߸ι
õأ˿װɵɵӺͷѵװ費ɵô߸
ҺԿ϶ûɵӺͷөһûУ߸˵
֪ˣνĹ۲죬һĹ۲죬Ĺ۲졣û
㣬ҷֳûɵӺͷӲżȻģǾġʵ
Ϊʲô߸˵ǰѼǧѧΪ֣һ
ǡ֣һǡ֣ˡ͡ѧƺûʲô
̸ˡִ֪ͺִѧͻȻ˸ת䣬ֱ
֣ԡɵ衯áԡˡáɵ͡衯
ˡԭǲమǷɵɵԵ׷ԭ
סͷסβ˼ˮȴΪ
Ƿɵصй̸ԣֻšȷɡĵġ°
̾ڱصйһ੤ϸ˵Ӧǡ뱣ءͬ
ǰ󵨵̸ԣͬʱŬ׷ǹɡɵĳϾ̸
̸ɵӺͷӲûʲô˵ġҴдһɵӺͷӵС˵
ԴжҵԭͣôҪдɵӺͷҲҪ
ҵԭͲУҲƽ޹ɵӻӳ
ɣҾҪȥ۲죬ȥѰɵӺͷӣ֪һµʱ䣬
߱ȫǣǧ򻧣ȴûзһɵӻ߷өûУһ
ûУ˵ɵӺͷȫڼﲻҼ˵
ΪѾ˵ˣǡǧ򻧡ģºð죬鱨֡
֡Լжӡѿ԰ңҵһ˿Ҳó
˵˿װɵôɵӺͷҲװò費ɵ˵Ҳ
ɵӱɵװôڷӣѵӻܿԼΪ
ԩ𣿡

˵ˣһɵӻӶûС߸ҰϽ
ʵȻûзɵӺͷӣô߸ҵĹɵӺͷӵС
˵ǲǾûأ߸˵ʵϡд
һ롭æά߸ҲңûԭͶд
һ룬ҵԭ֪ͣдΰƷأ߸˵
ʵҲûʲô˵Դ˵ôȻ
ԭͣôҾֻдǲ֣ǡþдһ롣
˵֪һǹɵӵأǹڷӵģ߸˵ǰ
ʹ⣬ʱԼȥ£ɣһǡɵ
ɡһǡɡɵɡΪдһǹɵӵģ
ɡΪдһǹڷӵģúʵԣΪһ
һǹɵӵģһǹڷӵġ˵Щɵɡ
͡ɡҲʵȻûԭͣôܰɵӻ
дأ߸Ҳǵԭͣؿдúܳɹ߸
˵ɲУ˵ɵӣ̫ҳ˵
Ƿӣַòף֮󣬻ǵûؼҳԷԣдҲ
ա

˵ܷݶһ¸߸ҵİ벿߸˵ԣ
Ȼûд꣬ҲͲȥ棬ҲûаȨȻ˾ӣ
еĶΣҲ֮ܲʢУȴû˹ܣ
żһμˣȴ©Ǹ⣬μ
⣬ԲǷ⣬ҪΣϧǹעμ
עԸ˵߸˵Ȼˣȸ߸д
С˵ȥˣݶ֮Ը߸ҵĴ϶
࣬ڶУӣ񲻸ԣ߸˵
ͿԷͥϼˡ˵ĳЩС»Ǿ
ǿ˴˾ġ߸˵ˣ˲޳
ֵزɣѵԻֻðοԼ˵ҪСһʶˡ
˵߸ҹȻ˴֪ɷǩ߸
˵һ

̸Щѧ⣬˵һϯʤʮ
⻰һǿףһҲʵʱ߸ҽ͵ſڣͻ
Ȼ뵽һ⣺ʸ߸ңܲһ£ΪʲôСߡ
߸Ц


    

     ά

Ǵůʱڣͨǵĳ;ϡã䲻
ȣһͲƯòģƸī֮ϣͺڽī
֮䴩裬ֻޱȶˡ̫ˡȱǮ˷ѧ
ĶʮλʦȱǮѾûõˡУÿ¶һ
ȥнָ˵ָ˵Ǹ˹ĵ˵˵˾ʣ
Ƿݹʡ

ǩ˳ûֵңʵڵʮλܾܿͲҪҳ
ˣһ껹òҪġҴȥ˵
ʹСڲҲãᵨӿ϶ѧĵ˵ͷͷǵ
ֻôӦǧлı飬ҾԼǸõ
ˡ뿪һعζźÿڲѽ仰Ͱƽȥˡ뵽
˳ҵ͸ˡ

˿ʹȥСżѼζҪڲ
ϾͺˣխĳζʵڲšΪ˷ɢעó
Ӻˣϴѧʱýѧģĺдǵʱߺ
Ĵ޽ġܹû̺дľǡöಢ
ǳϲڳʲôһĸȻ
ҾÿûţҪдﱾиʣɱͬѧȥһ
ֱҵû

ҵעʵѼУҵÿǵǽָ¡
ͬµľ飬ǶȥҾֳǼĶǸֳ飬
˵һ£ǵϼܲǸŽļ塣

λߵľ飬˵Ĺģһ
ʱ䣬ֳ͸ֳǻ߻ؼҳԷʳţֳ͸ֳ
˯ݣڳȷʱֳ͸ֳչһЩұٲ
ҶԴԴ塢塢塢塢ȵȣ
ֳ͸ֳеκڹҪǶ˲赹ˮ
кӣǧܸžֳ͸ֳ¹Ľ˼·ͻƿ
ڲкԱǣغصѵصǲзִʱ˺
ԭ򾡿ноݣĵȽϼ򵥣κһֳ򸱾ֳҪ
ֳܲϣż򵥣ѣ֮
֮

һλߵһضûʳסһֳµؿ
쵼ܱ˵ֻǷһµĹʣôͿ޳ʦ
ϻӺ̸Ҳǣһ׾ˣԻû
պã쵼öԣڶλȡ˵һλߵľѵ;
͸ֳǽ˻ģλǽѧ൱û
Ŷ룬ϴ쿴Ķ뷨ʹĸнֵ
뿴˭Ӯˣ˭Ӯ˾˭ΨһԼȽŲӺã
˴̨ϵ軨Ϊ£ͷ˲쵼ǿǵ
Ѿûùʣû⻨ͲеһԱ
ȥҽҰ˿ڣжòУͷױǴսΪ
οÿ˾ֻҲ˵һӾͶʮֻ
λǽʦõļȻӡ
ڻĶʮʱʮֻ裬ʮֻ
һʱһλӳԱʱĻ֮ͻȻָ
ʦıΪʲôô༦ǲһȺ쵰ʦ
£Ͱ͵ؽʮֻλԱûнӴͷѪ
Ͳ֪ڶ༦˵ʲôûʦ˵꣬
ܡʦˣʰû˹ȥԱվŷ㣬
ʦŵʧȥ׼ǣڿϻͼԱѣǲ
˫Ŀ죬Ҫ޳ƵġʦΪʾн۾
컨˵ԼΪ¹ʵ⡣Աſǻȳȥ
ʦԱһ۾ԹԳȥˡԱֱӴ
绰ֱӰʦ˳ȥλǽʷԣܽ
ǰλͬʵʷͽѵ½һλֳİ칫ҡ

λֳޣȷĳƺȻ޸ֳҲǡĳƺ
ǾֳԽʷְʺУΪֳ;ֳǾԲӦ
ŪģʹڿһʵָȻԼûΪ
ΨһĻ¬ǿڳݲҺ̶ܴڽšʱ
ģ˫ֽڸǰ䶯ΣȻһ߰˸ò
ײžȷغ޸ֳλ˵е޸ֳһĲý
ﲻˮ絽ǰˣһݺݵزһ˵Ѿ
Ļ㱨Ϊһֹľֳ޷ǷĸµĹʸȷ˵
Ҫֳٿί۾ͰԴˡС˵
˾Ͳ˵֣Ժܲûж໰Ťͷ
¿ƲסҪ죬ͬҲ׷Ťͷ״ɼжô
λǽĴ֣˸˺ӿȥӣ˺
ɣǸ޺ӽӻɡֵˣ˵أ
˶һ¡ƽʱܺýУնؾܾˣûʲôˣû
ԲŴˡֻȥˣصع˺ӣɡ˵ˣ
ɳʱأʱȻϡ칫ſڣûнſӾ
ܣǼæȥɶéϣűӳ
ǰУǷ˵ˣôɱرϡˡ
ɿɥ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһִţ͸еθΣͣ
ϲǺϻû˵ſܣ˼Ҹ֪
ʲôУҡҡͷ˾ֻаţֻαأ
ֻϳʱûκӣӣͲˣ³ѷ

ֵˡһ뵽ߵͽҪԵ⣬ҵ
ӺȻ·ˣֱ죬ЧҼ̨ʽ䡣

ҴվϹʮӱ㵽˽֡վǽ
֣ſڹŰ׵׺ֵĴӣн֡¥ȸҿ¥
ʮƮ˵ɷǷ˾˲뵽Ʋ
СãһƬáվ¥£ԵöôС

ҿ¥˻Ȼͽ˼Ҵŵҿͼ߰ߵĲ˵
ƣ˵ե˿涼ҪǮŵǽûУƾʲôô
ϵΧ̣ҶԲʵĻǰΣ
˼ûдҡʻһûեҲû˿ҪǮ
гĻƶʱ˳˼Ѿñ䳰ȷ׼δΪ
ңֻ˵Ҫȥϰ塣ԲͷԲԵϰ̽ͷһ۾˵ʦɣҲ
˼ص˵ͷϰ˵һᣬϾͺá

һᣬƶһ棬ȴҶӣﲻե˿
ٺţ⣡ҲջҪһ棬ô䱾
۸ҲſˮʻǲϴˣЦ˵ĳ԰գ
һǮ

һ˼׼ûУлл˵ͷͳҷƣ
ȵþ⡣̧ͷĿɿڴӣ죬ҳԵһͷ
ҲƲҳԱûУĶƤ˵Աˣóԣ
˾ͺˣһҪŵңµһ¥һƷʲôġ

¥µһ¥أҿи˺ڴҲǽ¡
˻ɵģȥǵϳġ

ʻ֪֪Ǹˣ̾˵ҵͬУ޺ѧʦ
ſҹϵǣط־ӣŸ˺ˡ
ɢܵ˵ϣͬ飬
˵űɱ˵ţͱ÷񲣬֣ʱ󺰴
Уʱ򳪸裬ʱһվڴſڣ˾Ͷǽ
˻ͦţ˭Ҳ¡ִҲȷʵѰ죬ǵ
˶ˣȻˣ˭ûϵأйϵ˵ˣŲǵϧ
żҵĹϵ󣬹ͷβúһǸŪˣôع
ϵûϵء

̸²ףҾǶˣǰǸʲôģ
㲻˼ҲͬУʦתֻͶ
ˣϰ塣벻ɣǰҲʦҲͦã
׬ǮǰĹʶˡɬЦЦ˵˵нʦ
ԣȥԿ

Ҷ˵´ǸһЩʦԵĲο顣ҵǰͬлҲ
ͬкǸˣлҵ˱ջ

һŲһͻԼƵżҳǶֹʵҲ
û⣬ϰ˵ֵǮûǮȫԼ˵㣬޷֤˵
ȱǮҲʵ顣

ϰô˵ȻЩʧȴˡȻֲǮһ
ʲôýŵأҿʱˣ͸ϰͻƵǰĽ֡
Ϊʱ主ԣҪΪɣҾȻߵλͬǰ
á

ڵվֺûңٴ˵ǰܶ
޷ǳϤļȻƾɵ¿ڴ
Ǯұʮ飬Щ᲻ãʹۡû˵ллҵĶ
Ÿͬ˵ͬľӣǰܶ޷
ҵһѽᳪ޽ġ

ȻûΪҵ֪ϲšȥ
ôһ䣬ûϻйŵζҲҡˣ
¾Ҫѽ

ҵĴүһ˷ѧģʲôûʣҽȥˣ
λ߻ΪҴĳ̶ֳȵı

ûѶʱ¥¥ҵ˻ġϵǣ
ӵһͿһվڹϿ羰Ҵֲұ
ļ쵼һô쵼վǰֲ֪Ǻˡ

Ҷǽǣع۲ǡΣǲڿ羰һ
ͷӶ൱š˳شȥһ۱Ƽ˷ӡԭ
Ƿ羰

ǽǴһ̵֧Ĺ򣬻Ǿȥˡи۾С
ȿңֳղźͷ˵Ǹˡ˵Ŀˢˢ
ɨңҶʱ࣬Ƶ۾ң
ͻȻͣŤͷʾһ۾۾æǰҽһ칫ҡ
˵飬ȻҷӾʲôұˣ֪˵ɶá
ûҿڣڵؽҪԷĲ
㵹˵˵ʲô

ͻȻйζҲˣζ˳Ҫ
Է٣ôо죿

һۣо죿ǲǵĿģҪ
㣬ִˣ˭ûкô

ҲһۣӵǷӵǵ£ҵ£ֻ
ǵĹʡ

һ㶣ǵĹʣͷӣ

ҰͷҡÿӲϵ˷ѧģҲʶӣ

һ㶣Ϊʲô򻹺˵˵ʲôˣ

˵ҿǮѣʲôû˵ءѧŷ
ӵǻǰܶ޷

鵹һֵͷ˼˵֪˷ѧÿ
ֹʡһᣬܰѷŪߣֳ˵
ӱľһǮǷʡ

ϼģһйˣ˼ҷƾʲô
ѽ

鿪ң㲻ǸǮ϶кøУǰҲ
ʦͬУ˵ȥԿɡ߽һ˵ðɺðɡ

ƺǵңЦЦԵú˹ĵӡӻһ
ƿһ˻ΡΪҪҺȾƣæ˵̫ˣֵ
ҲʤԼȰɡ

ЦˣЦò˹Ķһ߿ЦһߺҺ
һҪ

ˣǡһ䣡

šƿǣƿڲǶ죬Ƕͷ㵹ĲǾƣ
ͣҶʱŵֽžΡҿóһӺ
ӡ

һͷȥĻû룬첲һȭӵ
ϡҿѪˡҿȥƿӴ䡣Ȼ
ҲȥѪ˵Ѫ

ʱԼһŽ׵ĴϣΧվ˺ܶˡڵһλ
ȻУУ˵˵С԰û¾ͺáǽӵ
Ͼ͸ˣûʲô£֪߸Сʱҽ˵
˲εġ

ҺѣεصġУ˵ԶԣǶԵģ
ҽǴġС԰ˣǷ

еˣ棬ģ

УҼͷ󣺿ɲģ˵ﻹҪ
Ϊأѽڶˣղŵ̨ˣϧ㻹ûѡû
ֳôģ˵㲻ʹҲƲڻ֣һ񲡻ߵ
ǽսĴҹﻹø㿪αô
ᣬҲٲˡ

Ӧø˲ǣЦǸȥˣһǿ
˵ʦģѾ͵Ժˣ⳹׽ˡ

ҾȻѧǸӵĳǻǰܶ޷ҳò
У˱죬ҵĶͷԴ˵öˡ



      

	 ׷ǡ

                            һ¡ɳ

                                  1

׳ǵݺھƵͷĵӻϢġʱ
ֺѾͷɢһŴ룬һ˫۾ƱշǱգֺһ
ֻһֻһͲӵĸֽ°͡أһЩֽɢš

ɹŵɳɳɳ

½˵¡½˵ɳ˵ɳ½˵ơƣ
ƣɳɹŵɳķأ׳ʵع˹ӣ
һ¡Ļϣöһˡ

׳Ժй˵ָʮĸ¡ʱ¿
׵̣ű׳ŵİ׵ˡ

һǰӵ֪ͨʱͿһ顣ҳϡһ
վŷˡϹŵɽ¡ӡͤ
ӡĻϾƫ󴦣ºɣƮƮɵĺ
ͣͣ׵̣һϸëë棬ƯƵˮϣ֡
׳̾Ĺɣˮ˳һȺĺڵ㡣ѵ
˲ɣ

Ƿ壬Щ麺֮֡󣬱Щ϶Ķ̾ӣ
佭ϣǺݡոΣ׳ǿһᣬӾˡ

ڱתʱصǻķҪһλ

ɻںݵϿ׳Ŵƣȥ
ããһƬŷɻ׳﷭Žꡣȵü
͵ľһ쳣УһԼһͷҪκ
֮УʲôµĻٲҪ

߳գ֪ëëϸꡣ׳ͰʮŮŮһһͷ
ĴʿΧʱŸʽһЩô
ŵνڳζ֮ǰоһλӢͬ¶̾˵
йѾһˡǵģʱ˿̣Ƕ֮أԶ
߾ڻӻʲôˣءüɫſĭ

ֻа׳һ˵ͷʱϲͷҲʱ
ʼԼڷɻ֮ǰ뷨ʲôйһֱһ伤
Ƕ־ϹŻҪ׳׹ؽڷ·Ƶ
˺ü£ǰһ˿˫˫һЩ
ֲܼ̫ܼĺɫ롭

׳ߵɽĽӻǺġȴһСӸ߾һ
ֽƣɫĴ塰Ӣ׳ʿе
СҲһ㣬СӣһߴӢĴѧ꼶
ѧһιʻӴӢ־Ըߡ

СߵõײײͬʱЩੲݡ˵Լǵһʻ
־Ըߣһ߼Сһεɻð׳Щ㱡

һһĴѧԼѧʱҪ˵ˡ

СӰѰ׳һĺɫµϳβźҲ䶨֮һ
ͷ˽ҵˡӦǵһ¡漴̹ʡ
Կŵ˵ʦԭ£ΪʲôǵһΣ̫ˡ
˵⻰СӾԭЩá

зͳʦҪЦֲǳԷķͰ֡
淶ķͳһͳǱ˶ϲұȳɷͰݰⶼҰ֣
ôгֺš󵼣Ե󵼡ҰַǳԺ˵нƾͼơ
ҳԲӡȰ׳˵ͳɵؽ˵
ӢSpiralΣӢĿʱǵ̷Ըÿ˶
ԼȡһӢʱԼϹڵģûʲôض뷨ֻ
һͱظΪӢ֣ʲôAndrewBillCarterDavid
EdwardFrank̫ظһţһߺȵذʦü飬
ʦӢָֽ

һʦ׳ѸٰԼΪʦ״̬һض
ϲеĳأ΢Ц˵ֻҪԼ˳ڣʲôԣ
ԼҶûӢ֡룬ˣ⼸죬ʦҪƤ
ЦⲻЦˡ׳˺ü¡ͻȻ֮䣬Ҳһ㡣ȴSpiral
һ̾ʲôʦӢô꣬ȡһӢ֣ܿ
ԭʦһһж˼άĸˣ

׳סЦ룬Ҷأع㰢֣ͳôôҲ
Ͱ·ͳںСͰСͰԷ

ͳʲôö֪ڰ׳̬ӯƮݡһ
һõԲϣĴ۾Сɸʵıӣʹ俴ȥȷʵ
ЩأԵúᡣȻ׳ԲһŮӣտϷ
ӵ˵ǲ֮ˡ˻ᷢʲôĹأܲҪ
ɣ

ݵգƮëëꡣһ˿˿һ˿˿ɽˮϵøģģ
ɫҲƮ׳ÿ겻ϵӡ
ǲʲôʾһƽ

Spiralһ·̸Ц׳ȴʲôû䣬ֻ۾ųٻ
ССɽͨĸٹ·ϻšǮź
ãһԲ𣬡ʦҹ˵Ǯţ˽ˡ
ã׳翴۾SpiralЦЦɫµͣ
һҾƵſʱ׳ƣ֮

ˣSpiralھƵӴ˻עǼǣ
һŷ⡣ŷĶֻäĿظSpiral;Ƶһ
ݡһֱϵʮ˲㡣ʱ׳еЩѡ̾
ô߰˳Spiral¥һжٲ㡣Spiralûüش𣬴С
ñľƵԺſ죺ʮ˲㣬ǺߵľƵꡣҲΨһ
ֱɻͣƺľƵꡣ

ۣӰںЩ֪꣬ءSpiralͷ

˷׳еԼͷǻҳ޲
ԡǵýֻǻעգûⰲšΪòSpiral
ǷԽʲôţҪûУܲܽ϶Լ
ΪиͬѧںݡҲҪͬѧ档

SpiralЦЦ˵ʦϣɻǵȻû⡣ֻǲ
˼ҾͲΪʲôˡ˵ߡſڣһȻ
ץͷǳ˼ӢＱٵ˵I should speak English with 
you.  My English is not goodI need to improve my English.

׳ʲôƵھΡԼӢйˣСӵ
˰־Ըߡ漴Ӣش𣺡Don't worryyou will have a 
chance.ֲ֮һ䣺a good chance.

׳վԡϴԼʱһ뵽һӢȴЩ
Ĵѧʮаɣʼʧæ˰죬ֻ˵һ
Ӣ뵽ԼѧʱԽӴרҵԽSpiralί
ǣûзӣ˭Լרҵıǩﵽ⣬׳һ
йˣһй½ˡȱӢר˵һڴصӢ
Ҳ˸̨רҵءǻʮӢգҲá׳ֳһ
˿Ц

׳ûͬѧںݡǸڻʿ
ݡ׳ͺûһǣ͹ϸSpiralΪʱ̫
Ҫԡڣһɾİ׳ʿһͷʪͷڴ
׳գɺڡһּдθֱš

Ѹ߽ԡңҴõ紵Լĳɡθ۷֮ǰ
׳ҵطԷ

׳ҴЬ׼ţû

һSpiralʲô£׳һӴš

                               2

վһİˡ

׳ξȣô˰ɡ

Է˵һDr.ףװɣProfessorѦѦ
飬Զ飬̨漴ݸ׳һƬ

֮ǰ֪ͨĴʹӣһ
꣬ʹ̫ķȻҵĸڡ˵Ц
ţһ¹ǰĻ֤ͷֻд1818

׳𣬵Ϊֹ֪Լķšزţ
д1816λProfessorѦµġΪԼ
ˡ

ԳѦڵˣеģˢһƽͷķƤ΢ڣ
һݳŵšˣ׳һҲᡣԲƭӡ

󷽵֣ãǰ׳ȥʿֱ׳ǡ

ڰ׳ԥǷѦڽݵ˲䣬ѦЦ˵Ƿ׼ȥ
ãҲ㵽ߡ̽ԵʣǣһߣΣ
ݺӵĸ߼

һ仰ð׳żֱŤ׳һˮʿȻϲ
˶˵ֲ̣ĳ̸רҵϵ¡

Ҫȥӡǣ˵ֻҸطԷ

ҲǰһҼҲ͹ݣ߳ԱģѦһԥڳ
̬ð׳еΡЩڲ˵ԼҪҵطԷĺñ
ıƵġ

ʮ¥ƵõĹѦһ·٩٩̸·ǰ׳
ѡ

Ѧ·ʱͷ΢ͣһգ˫еڣʮƽ
ȡڰ׳һ͵̨ˡߵſڣѦʰ׳Ƿ
һεݣ׳˵Լȥֻû˵һǺʱ

һƵţ׳ͺڲ˵ԼݶΡǰûһϤ
оѽ

Ѧȫûע⵽׳ãȻ²ʣϲвͻ
͡Ȼвˡ׳붼ûʹ

ʲôζأ

ʲôζ룬λڿϸ¡

һһŮߵ׵ϡȻʱ򣬰׳ѾԵñˡ

ٲߣܻʮţѦõйϹŻʹǳ극
ڰ׵ϣա˳ɽڵ¡ǳԷ¥¥ͨ׵̵Ĺ
ɽ´극ҪٲߣѡȻ˳Ű׵ǰߡѦ߳¥
¥ʱҡͷԵ˦һ䡰һ¥µʮɽ׳е
ġֲ쵼˸߷̸˦ʲôʫأ

ɫһϤζˮζ΢紵
ϰʱһļֱ׳ķꡣ׳ӣ
ŲԼȥ

ѦһߺȻ˽ɫתԼӸںϿ˫ϴ
˳عɳһ컬СΡֻ֣Žŵƶͣ
ָܱߵľɫƽ£̶ӡ£յ̴ʲôʵǰ׳Ϥ
òϤľɫ׳ЩΣôһ̨Լ
½˶ﴵ

m·ϸ˲١

ʮǰǼˮһõѧλͻ̨塣֪𣿲ˮ
ǳˮˮ̨ɹѧĻѧѧʿǴѧѧ
ʿһƣڣˮˮͶ
½

ⲻѦڽƵ֮䣬㽭ѧڣ
㽭ʡֵˮʡѹһ׳¥¥Ժ
ݲˡôƵСҪɩݿϺʻжʲ
ôġѦڱ߸׳вˣ߽˵лͯӼóԵģĿǰ
ʱڣ˰ɡصƼ׳ȿ̣˵Ůʿã֮Ч

ǷϵѦڡڣȻԵõصϾʮ
ջ̡´䡭׷ԣ׷׷һתһ˵ͣ
ôǿǣʲôʱ⣿ǸĳУ׵̣
ÿһߡ׵̡

ѦںƵأգ

׳ЦЦ¾Щ

ʲôأ춯˶ͣˡصһԼɵĵط
ôЩĲɣصͷ

һƬ̡紵⣬ĺ⡣ѦںͰ׳˶
ֲ˸ԵĿڴ

ѦڡŲѩĻû䣬ͱһͨͨߺڸǣ
ϴϴʮԪһλȲ裡һ裡

׳̧ͷһߴñ⡣

λɫȲ𣿴Ůѣһ裬Ҫ
ж

ȣ׳ΪǶǰһģ˵

˲ˡԭǸڸѦ

Ȳ裬ҲôҵԧסҲʲô
͡׳֡ҲҴҡ

һӣѦ˵Ӱ½˾Ӱ
⡣

˵һȲĺȥǽȲ
ô

£Ȳ裿ºȲ裿һӣ׳ѪӿƵʱ
ƣٴѹеԼƤŲ

Ѧڵ۾Źâ͸Щͱ˵ơ񣬴
׳

                                 3

׳ǵһδʱҲںݣڰ׵̣ϡ
ֻǷ෴ҲһʱǴӶţɽǱߣ
ɫѺڡʵϣѾڣ׵ûӰУҲ
ʱϻûеơѡǸʱԤıֻˣ
ֻˣԵøʱ֪Щ
֪Ҳܣһеӭ˹ȥر

ûʲôԤıֻ鷢̫ͻȻϡƵʹס
·Ҫȥ̫ˡǾվţ
ܾúܾá

ʱ򣬰׳뵽ЩдС˵ˣϲдһŮô
ôͱһŮˡŮ֮Ů˾ͷ˾˾
Ƿˡܿ϶Լǲһ̾ͱŮˡ֪
֪ĵһֱеһ֦ϡ

ʵϣʱʲôоûУֻһĪĲֻǿ־Χ
֣˳Ű׵̡֪Լֻǲ֣Żǲǽšֻ
ǣšʱĶС˵
ķ㴵ġͣĿڣ˵һǰ
ġʲôҲ˵ֻ֣
Լ

һǰݵСŴһƫԶСǿϱѧ˶ʿо
Ҫ㽭ʡͼݲѯһЩ롶ˮעصĹżϡǰʦ
ݺȵ㽭ѧĳĳĳĳùʲôġĳĳʦѧ
һʮ㽭ѧڣ

ʦ¶ʿʱУУⶼǸͷʮġţơν
ѧһ˵һΣһﱾϿΣ
شѿһŮŸ߸ƤЬ갺ͦس˽ң
εӡŮһң;ڣҽ⳰˵ɨˡϣ
֮ǸŮֵŵ߻ԭЩʦڵʣôֻ
Ůֱع۾˵裬̫ҳȥ֧ʣ
üǱʼۡ

ǸŮ˻¡˵衣ʦƲƲ졣

Ⱦɫ

ӣ㽭ѧУ԰ȥһҪҵѾԭ
ϵ˺öˣе˵ˣȥˣе˵ȥˡе
˵ֻˣһˮоģһˣ˸оࡣ
˵оˣȴ֪ڽϿλڼұΡ
ԶԶءиʦҪѧУͷһѧ¥һ¥ʮ
һԡ

߹հ䣬ߵһЩƾɵĽңһʱˣ
ͷ߰룬һԴ
·Լ۾ЩϵضԼ崿ŮӲ
Ƥ

һˣʲôˣҡ

붼룬ųˡ

βˣ𣿡ءʵҿꡣ

룬ղôô󵨣ֱͨͨң

ϲô󵨵Ůӣ졣ҲϲӵСģ

ôѧĽģǰû㣿ϵ
İɣĻ磬

ʲô˼ôͲˣΪʲôҪǰң

ȻǸǵ˵ϲ

ЦˣҶءһУġףסĶ
أ

ʱЦ

۾Ī

һ仰Ļϲļ˳

ԭͬһСǡ

Ǿ͸ӵزס

֪һ˫

ɣȴ㿴һչӡɵģյݿչ
һϲ

ôһֱû˵أ룬ʦѵ֪ϼ
Ǽ죬ʦ˵Ĺ¡

չĲɡԼ䣬ʮһʮꡣ
һȻһӢϰ߷ʦѰҷİתӣ
Ѱʷϵΰˡΰ˵ΪԲ׸š֣ôͿ϶
ϲӡɵĻأǰֳӰƮأһЩصˮɫ͹
ߣһǣһһֻ۾ˡ

ϵġôʱС졣

                                4

ݵ֮󣬰׳ʱܡӱݣͷ׳ֻ
Ӳһʮ˾Ÿͷļǵʮ˾Ÿͷ

ʱ˾СһȦһȦ

һϲһԶһСùҺ÷䡣ƻ
ʱҷݳԷţһϤô
أأôҲأǻĵЦˣͬţ
ϵġȻ֣ߣȥҼҰɡ

̫ͻȻˣҲ̫ˡôأ

߽һСԺӣһǳСԺӡһŲ۾
˿˿̫̫ԺһǵСϡȳߵĵϣ̯һ
顣̫̫ҡһСȡ

һ̫̫ժ۾СҲͣˣʣôͻ
Ͽ

ش̫̫ʻֻ˵һߣѰ׳õǰ
ϽλߣҸ·ССϼҲXXǡСС
ûгԷء

̫̫Իؿһ۰׳Цһ죺ŶŶ̶
С˰𣿡

׳Цŵͷ

̫̫תȥıӰ԰׳˵죬ԣȥ
ұ顣Ժˣҡ

ֻ߳ͷ԰׳˵䲻ã˵Ҫ

̫̫һͶ˳һһС˰ӡ׳Եʱ̫
̫ϲ̵ؿü绰ʵҲûʲôֻǿ佱
һǸĹҵСһ̫̫С⣬С
ǵġ

˵Ǽ绰׳̫̫̫˵ʲôܿ࣬
Ÿ룬̫̫

ֱЩͷ˵ѽ춼ˡСˡǵ
ˡֹ̫̫ͣ˵

ȫˡҳһκܳû·ƵС·׳Ȳ
߳ڰ̲ס̫̫˭˵ĸѽôûп
׳룬û˵衣ôôòѽû
˵뷨ֻ˵á׳˵⻰ĵġҲо
̫̫Щ¡

ãʲôѽǸţ

ʲôʲôô˵衣׳ȡЦô˵С
ڣҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ

оĲ죬̾˿ҷҪ˵Լﲻáʵ
ΪҵĻȫ

׳Щ⡣ֲ⡣˵ԭ򲢲
Ϊ˵ʲôЩ˼

̾һʵҲȫԭ򡭡
ǰ޷ǳƯǳҲһ£˵ǳᣬ
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ݣر˵ģ˵ġΡڣ㲻ܶ
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ǰ׳һҲһ̸ӣǰޣл֮ǰֻ
˵鲻顣˵ΪԸ̫ǿҵҲ̫ǿ
ǰ塣Ҳ˵ǣֱһĸϻĸҹ棡׳
Լ룬ҲΪԼһε֮ǰû˵ӡ
˵ӹϵܲٺ˵ˡûж
˵ӡҲСرʡʱ䲻ԼԼ
ĪǸߡʱȫйÿһ䶼֣ͺ
һֱ֣͸С͸ӰԺӻ͸м䡣ֻǣ
ŮӣֻԸֱ࣬米ֲͬĳɷ֡
֣Լ֮Ǵ𡣰׳ĲҲͺܿһ

Ѿߵϣƹ˸׳Լŵ·ҫ
ҶµСߺ͡ĸһһ

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˵ţˡȻ̸Цɿˡ߳ǡòÿ
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¯һˮֶһЩˮԼͷ嵽šҵشһë
˯£ͷڲԼλ̡

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顣Ĵ죬ȣһ䡣Ϊأ׳
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ʱɡų̫࣬׳һᡣûмҲû˸еᡣ
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ʿѧλ֤鵽֪֮ʷ¼ԭ򣬰׳˳õӢ
ھǩ֤겻йûʲôʧôȴǶࣺ
ûбйѧӢĺ֮ǣҪ˹֮
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˽ѧûʵ롣ⲻֻ֡ô뿪Ȱ
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ʲôأҪĻϵ˵ʲôأ
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                                5

׳ضѦ˵ԼҪʱһ⳵صƵĿ
һط䣬͵ڴϻ˯ȥм䣬ߵң1816ŷ
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鲻ģƤ˼one night standone night stand
𣡡׳̲ס߰칫Johņͷż
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ˡ

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                                  6

鿪ںáǰ㳡㣬ܰʻź
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СֻܱסһҪ˻ҪС費ڳֻ̱һˡֻ
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ʵҲô롭ôΪôˡԸӸʲô
뵽ϱ긻ǿ֮ʱϰ飬ϰ˻顣һһ
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׳Ҳסһθʹ̡Ǹũ
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ͳѽŮ˵ֲ˵ģǸĵũ˵ġ
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ʵ̱ٴζȥԵģԼҲѽ׳ҽ
ԺҪԺһЩĶС̯ϵĶһôܳأֻ
ĵ˽ԹܶΡÿζݺᡣ

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ÿθ۷뵽ʱ֡

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뷨׳֪ģҲƽϵġܶ

ˣһ׷׷˰ʵ꣬
Ҫ顣ɣȻһŮˣ˵ܶԲǸŮ
ӡ׳ֱԼĶ䡣ȣЩֻ飬ô
˷ˣҲн졣أƽ

ʵͷϣһѱһᣬϺ
ʵŮͷϡ벻ϺΪ˻顣⵱Ȼܹˡ
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⣿ɶǮУȥʦģƤӱѽҲԼ

翴СǸۣƫǸϡˣ
мǮͲҪܶԲǸ꾫ܶԲŮ
ҲǱӦżֺںϰ¡ɣ
ϹҲǸöη󣬾ϺһŮٽ顣ƽ
һŮǰĶϱռˡԽԽơ

ֳֺƣǵȻ춼ϴ档׳ҲЩ
ƣȥᡣǵȻÿ糿˯ǰţ̻ţϴ


׳˵ˡ

̫ࡣôˣզ죿׼̫̫ڵ绰
һ롣

                                   7

Ļʽ¡ء¡صòһѧ顣ȻзֹܻĹ쵼˷
ԣϳԣת

ѧԣÿ˲˷ӡҴææ㷽ҵǳ

ãûʡҲѧ顣׳룬Ҳ
ʵһЩҲǹҪɡйһǸʶ
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λǰ⣬׳ǰһһЩɧŮ
ʱһ쵼ģ˽ͷӶð׳Ŀһ¡ĶҲڴ
֮ͥ·ߣɧŮ˵ţ

ϯ̨ϸʽɫ˷ͬǻԡ̨ÿһͬ롣
עʱǸɧŮ˲ϰڶɫͷͷδϡ

һԱ̨ʱɧŮ˺ǰһ˶Ҵ뿪λ
׳ΪǶҪԡ

׳ķһ飬ķһ꣬ʹҴҽ
꣬Լڷǰ㹻ʱһһͿǼѾ
ò豭Ǽѵǻ췹ģ˵ѾרŻϻ
Եʳ͡룬ǲܵġðȫʱŸڲôϣ
ǾǳԸɷġ

׳ķԻϯ̨룬ʵûбҪʦ
ڴ׼һж׳ΨһձƵķˡ

˶ķԱʾףءһѦڡ԰׳˵ķ
̫ˡһ죬ûһ˵ķĺáر㻹ʱɳ
⡣޳ͷҽͷҽšɳɳ
Į⡣ͬʱҪǵˮ̻Ĺ۵̫ˡһ塭

ѦԽ˵Խ䲻һѦѽҺ
ҡֶŰ׳ãã׳Ҳʶң
ġ

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˵Ƕǰ϶ɻᵽҶǰ޵Ǹѧ
㽭ѧĶڣҲѦеĺˡ

С˴Ź׳ЩȻ

ʲôûо졣Ѧһ̾׳ķԾʡĺ
ĺ˵ѹ֣ǰҶǶ˵׳˵׳ǶĲŮ

أڲѦص˵Ҷڻ˵˵׳һ
ŮڿЦѦҲЦЦ߶԰׳ۡ

Ѹ׳쵽ԭй½˿š֪ʶײĽڶ
ŮտŮġȥ꣬ȫйŮ
Ӣͬ˵ЩʱЩŮͬĽˡЦҪ׳ǽ
ܵйǲͶŮѯרŮרҡӢŮ
Ƕſȱӣڰ칫ҵǰϡ

ڴʮ겻档ֲûѧȴһ
Уһȫ֪ѦһİˢСƽͷװġ
װġǳɫţɫҲţû
һֵоͬǳɫп㡣һۿȥ

վһߵѦڣǳɫװȴɫҪͺͷɫưɡ
׳ԾԾѦںڱſѦڻ׵ͷжϵ
ʾ곤һ֡ûһšһ
׳ҪЦߴ˶׳ȣڵͷСѦڸպ෴
ţţѦڵͷԽԽֵǣһʶζ

ͷСͷǿҶԱȣð׳֮еʲôϵȴ˵
ʲôҲĬ׳Լͷðһлÿ
жһϱɽλṲһϱɽɣ׳ϽͷȲ衣ô
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ͷֻͷ԰׳˵Ҫ۵¡⣿ʲô˼
ʲôšŴͷСͷıӰ׳ײϱɽ֮С

죬׳ɡ˶һڶ磬
ͷϡࡣһЩһ͵ϺȲԵġŻ֪
Щ׼˸ʽϡǺò裬ժڵĺ
˵ͷϰ򲻵ڻⲻ
ҶҶǷƽ⣬С

ڵĻû˵꣬˾ˡŸУоĽڲʿ˶ʿ
ϲһŷϲһձϲһ𡣰׳ע⵽
λ飬ͬɫ˲٣Ĺʻ飬ǵǸ߱
ΣܶνŷҵĴʵԼһĻƤǱ
³ꡱܵĿзˡ

׳ͽһȺꡱ֮УģôģӢ
ģȻͰ׳վøһЩģ¹ġΧư׳
ĩβᵽɳˮܹ赲ɳ

ԿɳؼɳԴɳԴԭ˻Ĳݵغ͸أ
ˮ

ɳԴΪЧӦŵɭֲ
ƻ쳣ȵء

ϵˮͺñһ˵ѪҺˮϵͳѪҺѭϵ
ͳɳˮϵͳ⵽ƻйϵ

Ǹ׻˵ݷˮˮˣݲͷ𣿡

ؼǹȿȻԴɭ֡

Ϊչ̫죬Ҫɲɲ

̬ȲУһйôܲչأչ
ǸӲ

ǣչҪǵɳչ

ʲôݣʲôʲôɭ֣Ƕͬһˮ˵
ˮǶôҪ

첻Ժʿʱҡͷ̬ۣ
ֱǰﵹæҪ˵ѽҪлɳΪɳԾ
ḻӪԪءΪɳʱܰѿеʳ
ÿͬʱɳɳԪشˮṩ
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ԺʿĻһסһⲻҪ
ڻɳ֮

ȫαѧ֪ɳ38Ԫء
ӴȾŨȡĴũҵɳ
ΣﻹʲôôӴ



ֻа׳һԡԼе֣Щ˺½ĵ绰
ÿ۵ĳϣȥһĺһ絽ףȫʤݵԽԽ
šʤֶŲ豭űȺģĵ˵
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һϤɳȻɳ⡣һҪ
ˮҪѵһ塭˵ˣй˻
һ仰˷ɢˮֹɳˮֹˮĹܲԶ

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ղʿԵúղʿݡ˵ʱĮ˵ʱ
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ˮԾлãз۳ʪȣֹ
ǣӴɳǰˮǲõġҪӿѧĽǶȣ
ѧĽǶȣΪεеɳ󲿷ڸ߿գ߿ա
ˮˮֻܣɳ̾ɳ̾¹
ĺڣڵٴ롣ǸӡԲһʮ
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̬лָûڲʿĻЦеسѦڵķ߹ȥ

ԺʿƤ𪣬̵һͻͣð׳뵽һ
ζĽס㡣

ԺʿѦڡΡȥ֣ƬֽͷӶ
˵ʲôԺʿѦڵֱۣ·˶ϻ顣
Ժʿģĳ˵ְǸ⡣Ǹѧ
ܾŵ֮а

˵֣ȫָСܡ׳ȫ

ڳƬûѦ֮ǰ׳ͺཻĿ⡣Ѧ
ںԺʿƬ׳ѦڲԼͬ߳˶ѣ߳á
ʲô˵ֻŹ㳡ͷֵϴϢĳȺ

                                 8

ѹˣͣ׳ѦһԵġȥżȻ
ʱպѦڹǻӢ˵䣺good morning֮
˶˵ȥ¥ĵĵǾƵʽ

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һͷǻ۵ͷЩմζˡ׳һ˿Ц
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Ķÿδǰ;ָһصض԰׳˵㽫Ҫ
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ǡǽ꣬׳ЦˡѦĪؿһۡǰ߶Ǿ
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Ѧһʱеġ̱Ҳеġ˵
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ǸʲôһǼŮ߼ŮأǴϣǸ߸ɴУһˣ
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ʲôʲôСǵ˽ֵĭɡĸĸǲ֪
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ĸ׳֪ġ裬ʵͽķɴСʱ򣬰׳
һѧ֪Ҷ뵰走
úóԼˡƵĵƬһСƬһСƬϸϸ̴нĩóԼˡ

ǰ׳һž硣Ǹʮ͸Ϻľ绨Ϥ
ϤôϤһʮĺ棿
һģѳ

׳ѧҵ󣬾ûмֻ֮һӡ

                                 9

ͺѦһԣϣ׳һƵͺѦټ˵Լ
ۡҪúϢ1816ŷ䲻

׳ķһҲС

׳˶ʿʱݿһȫѧ顣һ廪Ůڷǳע
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ں棺ʦʦǮ㡣ҲҪ
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ţţҪһٿǮҵģǸöôðأģ
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ԼЩʲô·ѽѽҲԺһЩҪܳˡ
ŮӣʲôʡʱǷ䣬ôܼأ
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עѰÿһףȷûѧУѧ󣬲˵ʦĶ
ð㲻֪½ˡʣʲô˵
ƯʲôʲôƯʲôϵô֪أ㵱Ȼ
֪챳Ŵݽܣȸʿʿô
Բʦڹڻ𣿡㲻֪ˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡ţǰɣǰꡭҲǲ
ʱѾڡ˵ǱڹҲûӰְơͱ
úõӢΪйɡ

һѧŷ߹һЩ˻Ųͬɫĺʹ죬
ѧʦѧѧԸܣϳ͡򵹹ٵ
һЩСӡһЩˣʳָָſΣ
ʤЦݡЩͷϰŰײ첼϶дЩ
֡·߼˿ֵȺڡѧǸߺںʱΧ۵Ⱥɧе
Ҳź׳÷¶ûи磬ȴҲܸȾڴӡ÷¶
ȫѧ

ѧԶȥôһ÷¶عص˵ˣ˵
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һڿˮ˵Ĺԡ˵ֲ֡

أһ紵ֶʱŻҳµķ
ʲô˼أ紵׳ܵס죬Ǹ˵

˵ҲǰʦǰԸҲֻʦ˲ó
ظһģţϧѽˣŻǰһŸ
ŵˡڹȥѧ÷¶ϰԵسƺʦҲѹ
Ҫ뿴ĸŮܵԼϹ÷¶ָ
˿ڡةȻļǵأû÷¶ġĸ֡

׳1816ŷſһվ˺ܾá

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                                  10

ճ̵һ죬ǹ۹աߵļôº
¡׳ȥ׵һֱߣȴһ㶼룬
ǡȴȥˡ

С顣׳ŷ顣һֱһֱˡ
ҵѦڡԼΪʲôҪѦڡԼıע
μΪľҵҲ֣糿Ѧڶרŵ
ȣһ͡Ψ죬һ죬Ӱˡ

Ѧڲ׳ǰȴˡ

εˣˣˣߵͷˣݵˡǩģǩġ
ȥεð׳ԴΡ

Ŷôǩģǩģ׳еЩ䡣Ҫ֪ʮǰ
ǩٿڵӣЩ˻

СŷӡһȺ˸棬ôȣ
ԽԽ䡣

СδˡԶԶÿһǰ˫ֺʮǰ㡣
öΡ׳Цƴסǣׯϣׯϣׯϡ

֪أ쾹Ȼȫˡ

˶߹ˡ

׳ͻȻֿʼˡ

죬ѦڡκǺһ׽ԲϷ

׳۾һ첼ֻ֣ǰ˵




ҲŵϤζˮζⲻôֵ

ܣҪֻ֣ǰ

䲻еԼһ˱ס

ߺ档һ֣Ӧҵ㣬ҡһ
֡

ԷһԲøġ·Ҫ

һҲܶⲻǡһѵæʣ
ôˣǣڲܣΧˡ

Էܡ

еԼӵһˮϣƬƬˮ

ԣⲻֻվߣվڹɽԣӵû
ˮ

ŵһֱζѦڵıζ

ҵ۾ϵĺ첼۾Ѿʲô

ܣȴֱ˽رס

뺰ȴʲôҲ

ŵζеһ뵴켱еӭȥ
Ƭ촽֯һ㲨ˡ

ԣ˲ѦڣѦĶţ˱ң

ѵ̱󣿡ֻ̱ǿҲԣ̱ķ

̱Ϥġ׳ʼųӡ

ˣһжˣɽѾŨҵҽӿ׳ȫ
û

ʱ׳ܣǴҲûйģô˻
֮Σ˻һ˾ʧ롣Ϊָе
ʪһƬʪһ㣬ɢŴζѵΣ
´ҡųſڡϵķúúõġûκŶļ
طġһ޴֮Σ

ǣƵĴ׳ֱãһ㡣
ӴϽԡҰЩʪĵط÷ϴ˺ü顣ȻϹ
Σԡſõ紵زͣشŴ
ͣҲҪѴԭӡɲþƵԱʲôҲء

Ŵذڶ׳ͷࡣһߵ̫̫ۡ
ˣΪѦĪʧ١ڰ׳ѦڵʧٺЩĪ
ҲøҴкѽֻĽӴ׳Ѧڲ
ֲǶ֮ˡһʲô¡ʲôأ죬׳һ죬
ϣϣǰϣԼȥĹġ
ΪʲôҪѦڡиʿһ׳׳

Ϊڣ׳ִرιĹŶЦ
ֲʲôˣƾʲôҪĹأѾȥȻ
ǰѹǻҵ׳ҪĹˡ

׳ϵĵ紵ͣˣڻ䡣ûѦͬôȥ
Ĺտʼ뵽һ·Ӿͳ˽ż鶼ˡ׳ڰԴ
ŵߵͷ񣬲鿴СҩƿѵԴҩһװ
ҩСƿӣƿСҩһ

׳ػصԡſڣվŵ紵硣һЧ
࣬һ򣬴Ȼȫˡ

æѴ̺áسԡ֮ٶȰԼʰһ
ְȫáѾŵ㡣

׳ķɻʮһʮ뿪ɽ죬Сθ˵СλС
ͳһȥ˵þŵʮ׼ʱӾƵ

ץжü¥³͡

׳߹1818ŷʱ̲סŲſڣšûκλ


ݵʮ߲ʱСκһλƵзͬʱݡǺͰ׳кһ
֮󣬾С˯úôС˵ãЩΪ˵
ֻǵ糿˸Ρ˵ţ۾ĵɨ˰׳һۡ׳еС
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׳ͻص1816ŷ䣬պþŵ롣Լʱ仹ʮӡ
룬ߵ1818ŷſڡһΣ˺ܾãȻûӦ
ǻһ죬鵱ȻԲػһšڴ
˺ݣҲѾ뿪ˣ

׳ͽȻط֣й˵ʧ䡣ߵͷĴڡ
⼸죬Ѧ糿ȥ

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׳ߵ1818ŷſڡţֻվͷһ˹
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                                11

ͳ׼ʱ

Ҫˣ׳ʵ˵ȵȣߵͷͷʹ˺ü
¡ͷǰ׵ģҲǰ׵ġǽֽǰ׵ģǰ׵ģɳǰ׵ģ
ǰ׵ģǰ׵ģ绰ǰ׵ġĶͳͳǰ׵ġ

µϳǺɫҲëëϸꡣ׳еһΡ

ȫȻ׳ϵĻ㱡رͳǰӰ׳ʱһ
ŵǡֻԣҪѡһŶĻʲô
ãĻĸãʲôʱʣǴѧһҵأ
ǹһʱ䣬һĹߣУ˵ȫӢ
ʦһϯʤʮ鰡Ӣﱻ˸Сᡣ

һߣһԵرĿСһǮţͻȻ
ۣ˵ˣ糿һشϢءȴҵķ
ӦԹԵ˵ȥ֪ǸѦ𣿾Ǹ̨ˡ
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һԻõӳںģϵĵƹҲҵӰͶ档
˸ŵĺӰЦЦַ֪񣿡



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һϣһλүүǣһ̵ֻСӵѧУˣүү
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ӿ˺ͶҲӦƽȵġҲ̫棬С
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ӣһᴩף۵ֱԽԽΧ˹үүŹ׬
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Сѡһǵõʱ˷ܲѵı飬ǸʱӦǿֵģ
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С۵ıʼжˡĶ˺ȥӶϲ翴ʮҳͭ
Ǯʲô֣ʲôͼ˭ЩʼΪʲô˺ȥдʲô
ģ淭˷ǸǰԵĶ´ڳ
ϸһ飬һڴϣǿ⣬Ҳĵؼš

һҳʼǱ棬һλ

10Ԫҵƨģκ˶ǿġŮ
ȴԣ˵ȴ

еˣΪ˭Ҳ

еˣΪ˭밮




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