                         ˿µϣ20070315գ

07.03.15, ˷ӣҲΪѧٶǹ˾
07.03.15, Ԥ棺йشͼáѧɾͽǩ
07.03.15, 人ֽ人мФϷԺоФʤߡάһо
07.03.15, ˼顶˭֤Фû
07.03.15, hls人пƼѧФڿС˼
07.03.15, noboruФǰʯͷԼĽϡ
07.03.15, ޡФڵøЩɡ
07.03.15, ˭ڿ˭
07.03.15, Robin·ӣء
07.03.15, ֪Сͯ˿ЦõCCTV 315ᡷ
07.03.15, ĩɱָƭȡҼĿǧ
07.03.15, ˿20073º
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2007-03-15ձҵ

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2000Ԫ200Ԫ£

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Ϊ973ƻ

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[973ƻƫػѧо863ƻעؿѧʵӦá]

(XYS20070315)

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2007317330йشͼá»Ͼٰ조ʶ
ҽҩٱƷ⽲ﻯѧʿӼ侯ҽԺΡ
ƿμС֮ǩۡѧɾͽ

人ֽ人мԺ227նФ߷ӡйЭҽ
ƴѧȨһоάһԭУ⳥Ф
Ȩ͡ʧ4Ԫյо󣬽й߷
Ժߡ

˿ԭ༭Լȥءһս档
ȫֽͭӡˢԼҳٶƬ˴ߡرߡ
ߡߡ²ߡԼȦ;׺ͷ⡣ۣ
68.00ԪISBN 978-7-5366-8420-1

¿ͨ˿㣨ǰΪ׸㣩

xys.ccert.edu.cn
xys.cybersome.com

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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      ׺硤

츴ϰinformation& measurement ׼ĩԣStochastic 
resonanceӦһ£ǳȤProf. Delaunayڽһ
paddlefishӡPaddlefishߣprimitive fish of the Mississippi 
valley having a long paddle-shaped snoutҲΪࡣ
ԸDaphniaˮ飩Ϊʳķʽмǿ׽
ˮ鷢΢ĵźȷڡΪʲôˮôûҪ
źأɲǳԱŵģʳζ͵
nerve excitationʵ΢

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ˮв缫һЩץˮˣ
ԽץԽ࣬һ̶ȣץˣǻ
ѧѧ˻ú֣ԽSNRԽͣû
ôˮ鷢źžԽץˮӦŶԣô
ˣܼ⵽źţʲôǸȤ⣬Ҳ
һȤ͸ԽתƵġԭpaddlefishĵźŴ
Ȳߣһֵ (threshold)һˮĵźź΢ﲻ
ֵĻⲻźţֻöӦй
ĹŻˮ㡱ǣֻҪ㹻ıˮĵź
ôźžͿԴﵽֵӶԵ̫󣬳
ֵôźžͱûͬⲻźpaddlefishͻ
ȻNСˮ飬˹ȥŷԭûжЩģ
ЩǼٵģֻĴײǶ

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ֵķֱߡܰķʱν˵ԭӵ

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resonanceSRԽͺܶ󡣱˵Ӣۣѳ
̫ƽʢĻĵ͹ȣⲻǺ𣿴սʱ
ֻսȴлչԻ͵Ļƽʱ֮һÿ
ݴ֮ӿֳӢۺܣ־ʿҪռݶʮʷ
൱ƪڶ֮ġ̫ƽʢܳﷴëǡ
ҲˡݵϣʱȺ¹Ŀݴάʱӿֳ
ܳĿѧңңѧң¼ҡ۹ųʢ
ʱֻ¼ʵۺ͹Ļ޴
˵ıǿµĿհף·ټĵ۹һˡ

ΪʲôΪǻڰ֡Ϊʲôǻ
˲ţԽĻû˲ţʷѧƫ
Ҳϵˣ˲Ŷŵ󱳺ض
̵ȻɡSRһֺܺõѧ͡νͳƣ
澳һֲƽ̬ĳЩӰصõƣһ
Щõǿǰǿҿнϴ
䣬зǷĻҲзǳνӢۣ˲ţǿСˮ飬
ܹԼĵźţԣ󲿷΢ģԱ
paddlefishܵΪҪΪʷҪռһϯ֮أҪ
ȽϸߣҲ˵żֵȽϸߡͬ˲ţ̫ͬƽʢ
ܻܿĬĬţʱƵƶվ˷˼⣬
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ˮڱ෢ˡ

ǣע⵽̫󣬳ֵͻźûͬģ
ʱ̫ңҲ˵˲ŵͷչܵ谭Ϊ̫̫࣬ˣ
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ϸµ˵ҪԺɢۡɢ۵Ĵʼˣ³ѧɵ
߽Ilya PrigogineΪԶƽ̬Ŀϵͳͨ䣬ϵͳ
ܷͻ伴ƽ䣬ԭĻ״̬תΪһʱϡռ
ϵ״̬һƽģ̬ᣬһ׼ƽ̬ϵͳ
ϵͳ໥ԼԱֶ̬ƽ⣬άṹ˲أ
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ͳ⵽ƻԶƽ̬Թ˲Ͼȫ˲ʧƲӣ
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ңԸ˵ⲿԣԶƽ̬ʱΪȱٳԼ
һżȻأС䣩ͨ÷Ŵ󣬳Ϊ䣬Ӷ
óʣ֯󣬴ӻͨ׵˵
һ˵õ˷ͬѰķŴܹһƼܹѸپۼ
Χɸ߶ϵͳѸٲķ
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ڸ˵ڲԣ澳УУķչƻ
Ȼᷴӳ˵УӶ˼롢Ըʶָ̬ı䣬
ǿںĻ졣֪ݻ(Evolution)
ԭȻʤ̭У̬ܲϵطչڸ˶Ҳ
ˣ˷ǳļʱ䣬ͿܼͬѰĸı䣬ûе
ǻۣӶѸٳɳߴӴ˾зͬѰ

˵һҶ֪˵ɽ֮ʯԹ񡣹֮˳ϲҲ
paddlefish׽ˮ飬ȻԿʷ˥Ӣ۸ĹɣʵȤý
һֱţνѧȻѧĺ蹵Ϊģһ
ĳַʽͳһѧһͳһ
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վѧǰصѧۡ۵Ŀѧһ·Լ
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۾Ҳٲɶû漦װװԲҽվԺ
ϷƵģдͷҲˣһ˫С۾ֱ̫̫飬
ָ̫̫ͱͱȴûһ˿Ӧ̫̫ţ
ûĵ١ͻȻȺС໡ؽһҽվӹ
ҽվܣײһдͷѽһ
˵ôģְŵѽôŪ⾡ˡ
ٵתдߣ߱ɶҲǣСθɾͺˡ

һ֧̣߹ݵ˵Ʒ죬ǲǺۣһ
ȥȼȥ˵ɣھдúһ
һЩΣ۾Ƴһ˵ðɣƷ죬Ȼȥ˯
ٹȥǶ˵Ķȥ

ϴ衣ŷţԿ׿Ҳû򿪲֪ű
šʣ˭˵ҡһдסȼ䣬ֻ
ҽŵЬҰŴ򿪣ȻصһֻСϣϷˮ
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Ųæ϶һһˮǺζͳƨζ˵
ˮŲ㣬ְӰΏͷˡû֨һ
һµشűڴϣŵң˵ܲܵ
þòãҽһڵλȫ˵
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̫ˣ˶˵Ұѿ洩ϡ˵ôϴɣϲŪʪ
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쵽ˣһȺ˻ҽվſڵˮ̨ˤ˿ˣˮ̨ű
ֽҲ档̧ͷû˵Աһ£Ҳٲ
ƣѽɶͳƣʹ˦һ˵
ѻ죡

Ⱥվһһ·꣬һɫ۾Χһ
½ĴΧҸе棬һ·μʱһģһ
վڴǰ̻ԣ۾۾Ƭ
㣬һҴţп㶵ͳһ֧Ͱ͵̣
ۣϹЦͳһֻɫĴ

˵ɣ㣬㶼ڡ֣Ʒ죬
㲻ǵˣޣľĵһǾͼ档

˵ˣŰ?

޸۾˵Ʒ죬ľѾ
˰ɣһֱţΪѾʶأ㻹Ǽˡ

˵Դô?

˵Ʒ죬£ǳȥԷ߳Ա˵

˵£ܰʲô£ҪҸҵţû⡣

ʱسʹ˿һֱúܳǳƾǴ
ƣ˺޲ðſҲ֪һԵֱȥһ
ȥЦذ˿ӵˮ̨ıֽϡ˵ˡ
߹ޣ鵽صȥŵԼ

˵Ʒ죬߰ɣ˼һڵء

˵һ£·ģǲũվġ

ЦЦͷ˵Ʒ߰ɣǱ߶ȼˡ

ԥһ˵ҽԼˣǸɡߵģ
˲һȭ˵ʲôԻ˵˭˭ѽ˵¡

˵򳤵Ķӣ

˵Ҫ˭Ķӡ

˵Ʒ죬ҵû֪

˵ôˣ㶼֪Щʲô

˵Ժٸ˵ڣǳȥƣ͡

Һ־ƹһŴСڡƹλڡ
ΰͽֵβˣһγ·һŲм䣬һ
ľͷСӡʡ͡Σײúľס
ϣݶһÿø첲ֵľ˽ܶȵţ7¥ݲŽ
ȥϸ࣬ɫ︡һӰҺ֮
䡣¸꣬һҺ޵ǴСۣһָκһ޴ʯ
ͷѹҵؿڣ͸ѵʶԼѪҺдŵһЩ
ʣǶӰΰסң˵ҽסǡҳ
ʶϵһֶȴûֶʱûȷ
ǾֶֻԼԼһָоһɲǼһ˲
øв֮Ϊѣƾĸо໥ġΪ
ʲô

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ƣкϰһǻ˿ϰֿ޾Ͱѵطǡ
Ҳ֪޴绰Լҳʲô£ʲôҲûУǼ첷
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Ҿͳˡڵ绰˵ƷҪҾȥд㡣ֲǴ
︰Լȥӣڵ绰һ˵ӣ˵е£ܸܲ
죿޾дſڡһ״׵¿㣬һɫ
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ȾơϵĲ˻ܶ࣬ȴҪ˵ޱҪˣʣˡ˵
Ʒһ˶һһٳԲãԵ㣬Ժ˾һ٣˵
ɳԲصؿң۾˵֪Ʒ죬
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ȵҹҺ޶Ѿҡҡλεˣţֵײײط
ȥһ˵Ʒš

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۾գһ۾˵Ʒ죬һֻꡣ

Һ޻ӵŻεţľļҹľŨģ
ǺѬѬС֪Ҫʲôطȥд

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ң˵Ʒ죬һֱڵ㡣

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˵Ʒ㳶ʲôݰ࣬ûˣ㡣

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ⲻ˵ʲôҲˣҪôǮҪôˣڰ칫
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ģƾҲסˡҸһ̵֧ţ˵
û˵ҪǿСͦˡҲ㵽
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һ֧һ֧س̣ҵıָһУЩϸС޴һ
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׻ĳϵһʯͷӺڰﲻ֪ʲôطһ
ҵǰֹͣ˺ļͻȻſ۾

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˵ޣ㲻ңȥɡýʯ˵Ʒ죬Ե
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洩·Ұ·Ʒ塣ҽӹŴ򿪣Ʒ죬
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Һ˲һʱ䣬ȡӱҵһŶԺСӡ
שߣԺߣһһ۾̫̫ĵظ
˵С㲻סǴӣǷѾˣŮڷϵ
ľˡЦЦ˵ҳ˶¶صζˡһʱ䣬ҽ
վ˰ҰﶥǽϵĻҳ֩ɨȥ˵һݽһͭ
ɫԿ׽ң׻Կ״ùȥڿˮĹ죬
ˮϴϵһëߵݸң˵θ磬ë߱аڲ
ϣҹͷ£׵ĹҲҽ˵ѾʲôҲˡ

Ǹ֮ڶһˣһֽҵߣ
ʱ˯졣˵ƷҳȥЩӣǮڴͷ㱣ء

Ҽĳɴ糤СƽͷⴱϷΧ
ݣĺȡӣÿ峿ͰǣҵĴǹ
ӱеɢȻصӷһЩ½鿯ͱֽ֣
ЩɹݺӣҴ΢Ĺʽʡһȥľ
ĳйǻ̫̫͸ҵһ̨ʽ¼ҵ
һʮСʱҹΣÿ
һʽľ۾ŰϵЩӣ˵Щʲô
ҷԲ˵Ƕôݣô
ĬĬһ뿪ˡһܣһʯС
ǴӣҴ´ͳһԿףȻ׼ȷسһֻ򿪷ţһ
˯һȻѲҵķһԼС
ⴱСƽضʱ⣬ҵСһֹļҲ
ûУʱҹʱһߵҲûУ
ڰдͷͳǰ˩źɫëߵԿװţĿտյ

һ죬Ҷҵ԰һֻСǳŻӲݡһ߰С
к߽һúëϵŵԿ׺һţ˵Ʒ
ʶ㣬㲻ʶһλҰЩ㡣

ҲŴš

Ʒ죬

ˣľЩǲŸշֱһڣ
˵ȴ·꣬Ҳÿһ춼ڻСʱǵ
ӣС桢ܡ游£ʱǶôְǣҳ
ˣҰѿŪˣҲ֪ҵĿֶ㣬
ҲҪŪĿһˡദһ֪Ƕ


죬ұŹ䣬ųóһһû
ĵطҴǷܱĳһ˿ǲǳ⡣Ʒ
죬֪ϲǷ򵥶Ȼ֮
һֱһ˵Ը⡣Щʱ뵽
С˯߷飬һ˵Ŀ֡ʱһл𳵴
ǰʻһĪ˫ӿˮҾóҪ̤л
ľ뿪ңҲܲһÿʱÿ̡

Ʒ죬Ұ㵱׽ˣϣҿڿ⴮
С̯ϺȾƣҾڽֵһĵؿ㣬һֱ㵽ҹ
ˣ׻ſļϣҹȥС̯Ǯ׻߿Ұ
Ҽңסһ

Ʒ죬ֻ˵ΪʲôԼʵأ
ԼһжǺġʥġģΪȻʵ
γɵʱ̣ûбĶȾǣƣҲûб׺͹
ͬţЩΪǿƸԤԼıĺŤģ
ȱ˼ůֿϵϢ

Ʒ죬ǵǸĵطҾһ￿
һִʱԸһ

Ʒ죬ǵȥҵĸ𣿶Ψһһҵĸף
ҪһӸ㣬ҰǴӵԿ׸㣬ѸװˣҸ
һ죬װһ绰

Ʒ죬źϷһǸСк͵Ҵ򳵴ӺԶ
ĵطҵǸСкԶԶؿ߽㣬ϳȥ

Ʒ죬ƽʱٳЩ̱̫ľƣֵ֣ȷһ
ౣء





еĳϣҲƪС˵ĽβʱľȺ
ɽҶͷףؽɫӿ硣ľеĻ
ϣҵŮ浾ٴλϣһϮɫ
ȹͷ΢еƣڽǸ˸Ĺâһ
ҵ۾

˵ֽʶ㣬ȥĶͬ·

Ц˵Ҫȥһȥڻ֪ʲôطĵ
üëʣȥĶ

˵ȥһѾ֪֪ʲôطĵطǶһ
õѡ

˵Ů

˵ǳκѵѣ

˵ףͬ·


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

    ٶǰձС̤ʮּܡϷ
    
    Фë
    
    1
    
    ̩С˵ʵˡCandide£һϸڣ
    
    ʵ˼䵼ʦ˹һˮ˹ˮͼû
ơȡ֣˹ǰֹΪΪΥԡˮֻش˵

    ɱģȥİգǵˮֵģڰ̫άǣձȥĴΣ
ʮּĴΣԣԣҴˣ

    ΪʲôձȥĴΡ͵ڡñʮּĴΡأҲ
ס

    ʵˡӢ뱾ˮֵĻģ
    
    I am a sailor and was born at Batavia and have trampled four 
times upon the crucifix in as many voyages to Japan

    ҿӢĵĴǣ

    ڰʹάǣżӴˮ֣Ĵγձʮּϼ̤
ĴΡ

    ñʮּĴΡ롰̤Ĵʮּܡ˼зֱ
Ϊʲô

    Ӣ뱾дԭĿǣҵʵˡķı
ˮֵǶλģ

    marche quatre fois sur le crucifix dans quatre voyages au 
Japon

    ҲģЩǡöڷֵв鵽˼Ѳ鵽
˼׺ƺǣ

    ģquatreεձJaponУvoyagesʮּ
crucifixϣsurȣmarcheĴΣ

    Ҳҵ󣬵marcheȷСȡ˼

    ȡҲãҲգˮֵĻٶ˵һ㣺ձʮ
ּƺĳԨԴʲôԨԴأ뱾ûעֻͣȥ
ѰҴ𰸡
    
    2
    
    19275£Ϻ־롶ӵڵ¡˼ʵˡ
ˮֵǶλ־Ħģ

    Ѫȥģˮֻش𣬡һˮ֣ڰάǵġ
Ĵձʮּ߹ĴΣעƨձԡע
ǰձ˷Үս̣ȥ̵ͨĲ׼ǰʮּ߹
ǵĽ̡

    ־Ħõǡߡʮּ߹ĴΡߡ̤͡
ȡ˼˴˲̫࣬ǽŵĶĶȴֽŲã
˼ܲһ

    Ҳܣҿ־Ħӵע͡˼ձԻ
̣ʶáʮּ߹ֹͽ뾳

    ô𣿺пܡΪڡзμǡҲдҸ
ϸ

   зμǡ31£

    ҲǴ˵ձһᵽͽʡ
1979棬Ž룬P139

   зμǡ311£

   170955գ֣صشǱ˹ҵǡ죬Ҵ
һҿձĴλձϲһбصĸۿС˰
ҵԺͱټʸ⿪Ұȫ͵顣ͬʱ
һ󣬿θϣʱ¿ɷ񿪶ִ
м̤ʮּܵʽҵͬҪִʽġͬϣ
P201
        
    3
    
    ձȻй̤ʮּܡ顣ϧŽ뱾жԴû
ע͡껳뱾еһע̤ͣʮּձ̽ǷΪ
ͽһʽֳ1995棬P188עͼֱûע
Ϊû˵ձ̽ǷΪͽĿء

    ҲɢнܹձԻ̵¡

    ³ֵġ֮ࡷһƪȺͽ£֪Щʮ
ʱձνаõ̷ֶõ
ʿ֧֮ȺǱ֪һȺ߼Ⱥߵľ״̬
ʹʮָˡرעڽ̹õֶΡһǶã
Ӻ֮Ը죬һ򾡵İ취
顤ڱġ    

    ʮձд̣˳֮Ի֮Ի
ë´ĻʵϿĽֹẒֻ̌ʣºһ̣ͨ
صҲֻڳһǺŲΪĴˡҹ
ѧʼ
  
    ձйԻ̵£Ž߽йȺǣ
Щ¶ձ˼̤ʮּδἰΪĻü֤
    
    4
    
    ѰңŦԼ޲ءնٹ˾Robert Appleton Company1911
ġ̰ٿȫ顷ʮ顱NagasakiĿУڲ鵽һ
ձ˼̤ʮּܵϸڣ񽫴ⷭ£

    1629꣬Ϊ˲ͽݣ鿪ʼṳ̈ʮּܣtrampling 
on the crucifixձʹľʮּʥ1669꣬ʼ
ʹôӽʥ̳ϳ20ͭʮּʥһλ̼ҵƷÿ
14պ9գΪͽձˣеЩͭʮּʥǰ
ǴȹȥǾܾ̤ʮּܵģȥһα
ץʱȻܾ̤ʮּܣͻᱻӽShimabaraķȪboiling springs
ܸϿ´ձͽȺ1637
μսĻľѹȥ
    
    5
    
    ٲ飬ԼĪJohn Finnemore18631915ڡձʷһƳ
Japan: Peeps at History׶ǵͲ˹˹˾1911棩л
һθϸµдｫ

    ˵1626ʱ4ͽ1627꣬ձͳߵĲп
ѹ£ȴûһ˸ڹԼǻͽΪ˽ʡʱ䣬
ļٿʼṳ̈ʮּܵķձͽп顣ٰʮ
ּܷڵϣÿ˶ȥ̤ǲԸ̤ʮּܵģͽ
̴СҲֿ飬̫С·ĸ
׷СŴʮּϲȹȥڽȺһֱ17ĩֱ
ձ⣬ΪȫĻ̾Ϊֹϧˡ200
ʿٴνձ1865ڳ鷢˼塣Դˣ
1868ٴΰ䲼·ͽа̣ӦϽ򳤹پٱ
ͽߣ͡ǣĻͽٴαŵʡŷ޵
£ձó÷1872꣬ձŵĻͽԭ
̵ȺձԶΪʷ
    
    6
    
    ձٶǰе̤֡ʮּܡϷ𿨶άŵдһ
С£ǸԱû˵񲻿һֽ
èϷǱ档Աֹèʼ
ɱ˺ܶԱȻȥ桰è

    Σڵ˼붼УȻͻе顣ǣ
ΪʲôһҪڽأҲκڽ̣ȻҲ޷ǵ
ҲڵǹŹֵġڡ
    

ϺЩ



ѧȴյĸӽɡš
и質һϢ
һϢ


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һ

ƳϰҪӶ˰ʲô÷

УȥΪټͶ÷ۣøֽֽϴ
ڵļĶȻҲýɹ涨⡣

Խɮͽĳ֣ܶΪ˻ڷԡɮ١
ӣڲҲеˡҿϣʦһ

ʦһã˵ģʽϺһߵݽ
һˣ͸̾ˣΪɶӴ
̨һʱɢˣ˵ЩԾƵ㺺˰һǧ
ֵطȥѡнţЦǼȻнɮе
ҵòã֪ƹʦô

ж֣˳룬ʵǵӶʦ
ʦ֮ƣһɮڡ

ʦ٣ҷɮ򲻷ˣмŵĹؼڿɰ
׵ĵ⡣ƫҲǳصȻϧԹĤ֮
ŭڱɷ֮ڡȻչһϷ˶ʷơѡǵ
˹ɽʦҲʱŷӽ˶ɽʯҡ

ѡ˵úǸ𷨹ȥʵԹʵˡ

ȣڱȨʱֻ꣬ǰȻҲ̨߳
Ƕǰڡڡڡֳķݵһ
ʱʿհʩΨָн߲ʩߣȼ۶
ߡϸ˵Ѿ˷𷨷룬ŵˡֱ
£845ڲȫϷ𣬴ʿж
ˣϷ˶ֻһꡣ

ڶڱ˳ŵʿ٣ϷҪԭȴ⣬ǲ
⡣ǻһԺչȫ˰
ͶƷȫģ͢˰Դȴڲͣˮһǲ׽
⣬¹١Ϳ˳͢˰ԽԽ٣ҡũ
Ľȱ쳣ݡ顷ʮ˼أʱ˻ٷ£Ȼ⣬һ
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ʹǮũߡݣɼһߡ

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ˣϷҲ׶Լܱߵõ˽ϺõִУ˷
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Ȼ䲼ָ˷̡̽ٿ֮գɮŸ練ƣ伮һ֮
ѧ˥ȴɶ֣Ӵйķ̣һ֦ļԪ

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ԵɮˣǷ𷨣ȫɥĲȻ͹ϲ֮ʯ
£Ŀش˺ܶɺУú̵ܶ伮޴棬˵ûû
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ѪȻǰСƣӰС

ϣ¡ƳǵĵɽϺһλȮ͵ʿ



һĻɽټúȡָʦ
ѧ˵óһרôӱˣһôɤźˣֱˣ
󾹷ֱеšۺټɣҲν
¡

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Сվеİ˼룬Ȼ˸Ĵºšܽա
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췹Եʧҵũǹ⾰е񡶷塷ﱻɷɴӪĽؽ̡
֪ʶӳѧɳŵȻݸһ壬Ҫ֪
ڵĲʦֶʶһء

ǵܽͬѧҲ⣬˵ϷһũŪʲôֱָġ
Գɷ𡱵ּѷü򵥵񻰡֮£ԼѧԵ÷
òЩɶħħ

ǸεëʣͷһȣͻᵥԼ
ӡֿͷġڻ΢Ц龰Ǿˣһ
Ҫǰȥ§Ѩࡣ⺢ͦȥҲȥˣҪԼһ
賮ȫǡעվݡɳŵ볶ע
վ֮ע൱ڽĴרԺУָ̲ģܸӵƵġ

ܽͬѧ˺ľأúġƻԪȳġ´
¼һȣֶᷢһΡӵġĹѧ˷Ҳá
׫Ҳã֮ӡЦȥϲ
Чժ¼£

·ϣһϢġָԻô
֣ʦԻ賮ԻξʦԻվԻ
һʣãʩġ𲻵ãұȥվȥĲ
ɵãĲɵãδĲɵáδǸģʦ

ԢǺԢ⣬ϲ˵£ʲô֡͵
񡱡ʿšӾšššĥ
ȣǼߵĶ֤ĳΰ˵ԣ߹޴
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ҼǵáӡпСյ⣬ҲǿƱⵣ
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ɽѡ賮ı
֡

ڵ׻ʩֽҲġӦôɽһӦ
ķӣʾҵļأ練˵ĸĲǵѽ˵ͣñ
˵ߦһذʮֱӶֱһӡһ
ʽķսˡ

֮ɽԭʮկĺһưˮϨһ롣һ룬
δʦ̶š



дɽĹ£ƽ̫ˡΪ˲ʹдɽزۣ
дʱȰǶιֱӼе֮

̴Ԥԡ澭ҪΪĳĳڼǣһĹʽǣ
λ۹£ԵδĳĳɷŽĳĳ
ڼǶ˼ĽӰˣЦڼ
һţĸӣ˶ޣ˼¼пܱͻƣʮٺڴ
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ڼ̳ԤԵĴͳееϺĳѧӽ
̳оͼбܴʦԤԣȥаéͷҲֻ
ɸ֪ͽ㽫Լɽͷú뻯һҲֻܳΪһ
֪ʶļһָԺͷȽϵӣûʵ֤
ɡ

ǵĵɽҲαԤԡһ̶ʦ㻯ߵͽ
˵Сǣ罣Ѫ衢һ򲻻ͷ·嶥
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ĵɽԾĿıӰߵͽ˵Ҳһ
ɽͷĴУȥҲ

һ򲻻ͷ⣬һУݵɽ¾磻罣
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ǵߣݹȰǧѮĽĴͭ㳤ʮѮ
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۷

Ŀзǵмʮţͷބxҹ棬
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ԭˡ׽ʦѵɽԳԵĹޣɽ˵
Ϊ棬λ¸ǹ۶ǰıáȮָνǡ
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Ӧ̫Ѧ͢룬ʽɽãӽϳµĵɽ

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һɽͷɽɽţϯʢѷɫɱ
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յֱ۹

˵£ĳܽзðߣ
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Ҳѹ֡Ҫڽ̵ȳ㹻Ľ鱦լ
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սԣԼ֣һʩỻķӣ
⡣οʱƳõķȺǣǸأ

ַΧУǵĵɽϺһӴͬ
ǧһ·򽫽ߣžĨžӽٷǻ
師Ȼˣǹʹ쾢Ҳȫʧˡ
λŲ񫣬Լȥԭġ

Ϊִ˵⣬ʽ͡

ʺӣи˵޳һľƳɵССƬ
ŴûֽҲûСϴǡڴ桱֮ȫ
æҹ˽ѭãһԵġ˵䷢Ȩ׷
ݵӡȣŷһͬйġ

ϵ¿ӣ㣬ǵϵڵĶ׮ӣ
ܲˡ

߶оһ

ɽͽڵʦǶƪ໰ƪġɽԡ̾
мӵġ˵޷棬ǵɽʼá˵ɽ̳Ķ
⻰ʵе



ϽڵɱֻҵıʵԲ׼ɽͷϻ᲻书
Կ϶ǣƴڵʦڻɽҰнççɽ֡߳û
߱ɫͳԿྫǲеġǵıرһ
ֽ

רҿ֤õȣʮʵã·ԼʮִһС
֦Ϊɴˮ֮ãܹ̽ˮȥƴ¼
д桢֮ıֳߣ̬ͿɼʱЩ
ճгû

ʦᵣˣֱǧȥƺ
ͷѧֻӡ

ԹҲԲ׼ɽϺѧõƽʱȥǸȣ
רһʵһϻߡ
߽ǡɣġ

ȿƽʱԢڴ¼

á˵ʼй̹ԡǿйʧ
ʸסɮݣʦɮԻĳʼݣΪô򣿡ʦ
Ի꿪ڣô

СʾԻҹ𻰣ʻʮʱɮݡʦɮ
Իĳ׻ҲδʣôĳףʦԻôˣԻ
ˡʦԻδ紬ϣʮ

ʾԻҲʮҲʮ

ٿѧ˳֮ʣԾ䲻뱾У

ɮ࿴˽ǰơʦԻô񣬺ϳɽɮɮ
СʦԻǣҲoһ롣ɮתȡʦԻҴ
ʼáԻڡʦԻȻۡɮ뢿Ի
èʦԻƺǧһ塣

ټãʦŵãɽϺڷ磩ν֣Ԫʦټ
ѧԻȥΪôҲʮ꣬סһ͡
ô̶ʣʦֽסһͣʦ鷽ɡֻؾټá
ԻҴ⺺Ȼǣ㻹ʶɽô飬ñ

ˡ

ߡ

ʱ֣ǧ·̣¼İ
õΪԼǰͬˡʵȷе˵ֻôһ
ڣʱ֮Ը顢˼άʽϰ߰ã󲿷ֵ
˼뱾Ѿ̳͡Ϊĸı䣬˵ǰǸʵġҡ
رˡ

ɽҲ⡣Ȼ˾̣ҲԲͽΪУ۹
˼룬ȴǺйİ˼һеġ

ȫưۣʮ۵׽Ƭķʦ
ϲ˵⼸ֵģһʵġǶۡ
ǡǻۡ۾ǡȡ˰ܵǻ۴󺣱˰
һǻ۱ߣ伫˰ 

λлᷭĴؾĿ¼Ļ֣ᷢ𾭶ൽ񻰵ĵز
ЩĲὲļ¼Ҳ̫˵ˡ
ʮࡱᵽ첿ṹ볣˲ͬݶ40ţͷ
ʵĵز

Ϊѧ֪·ݺͷϵ˷ࡣов
ۺʵһ󾭺һЩСǡࡱ󾭽
۶ྭ˵600Ǵؾ֮䣬
ѧַһʱ볡֯һٶˣ
ʱ֮꣬ڶʾʾȥ˶Ժվ

˾Ϊʵ̫࣬ойĶ飬ʾܾ
ѧҲͨߣֻȡΪһ½ڣóѧϰ
½ھͽСܶϽշ֡հܾһƪ򵥵ȫ
Ҫ۶ľ

һᡣҵ˼룬ϴ󲿷ֵڽ̣ڶ
ΪʲôʲôĿģΪʲôʲô壬ϵ
ṩ˸ָĽͺͽ⣬ǣ浽뻷
Ĺϵ֮ĹϵĹϵǣ浽Ƕ
ǳתȵȡ

ĲΰľΪЩṩһ׵Ĵ𰸣һ
ճһУ޲Ե۸ӵ໥ϵֳһ
͸еıʣһ̶㳣ʵС
Ϊָй١ԻΪǨ޳ǣ˲
ʹ飬ԼϲĻþЩĵ
Ե֮һֳԽ˰õʵ״̬ҲͲΪ
ˣۡվνһΪλӰ¶
磬Ӧǹۡ˵ľ˼

ô֮͸ǣҰʵ˰أհ
˵ࡢֵа취ʩֽ䡢衢
ͰۣǰΪ䣬ΪΪۡҪǰ
ۣΪǡ֮ĸҲǴҶǿճɷġ

ӲͬǶ⣺ַΪʵհְʵ࣬
ʵ࣬йɵķӣǲԡСޡȷֱ
ĸȥҲԡ˴ˡСȵĶȥʵһ
੤ࡢࡢԵ࣬޿ȡġҪȥƽ
ʵ࣬޷ÿ϶ġķֻ˵Ǹʲ
ô˴еĸǡЩˣʲôȻֳ
ˡ

˰˼ǡһġơƳ񶨡֤Գ
ķ߼ݣһ·ȥҲáеķҲã
Ϊѧһϵ;·Ŀ·ѣĿĵر
ҲǲġʵģӦñƳ˰Ҳ
Ϻʹ˰ԵһִڣǴ˰˲˼ġԴ˰һְ
գռ״̬ͻô״̬ˣҲκο
˶ҲֻóĬԴƽʹﵽ
κηǴġԡ۶ྭ˵Ρɫ
ʶΡⴥԵΡΡ
ΡΡзʤิΡ

ɽЩԹ棬ȻȥĲȴ
һѧ޵İ˼֮֡վ˵࣬
࣬˵ࡢࡢࡢ࣬
Եɽȥ߶ЩԻ޷Ҫѧ˶֪
Ľִţ⿪ϵ¿ӡǣִţֱֱȤ뵽
ʵȥ߼Ƿֺġ

ɮʣɽԻȥ

ˡ

̸йҵİ˼룬Űѳȫȥ
״ֵ̬ġ֮״̬磬Ƿһռʵڣǿ
ҲķǴڣֻ״̬˲ֳ֪֪ԽԱ
ԣֻܹ֮

ڵӡȷ̶ڱǱ̸ܶ˵һʼʱ
ǰƵ֮һġ˵򶾼ʣ
ܼؿࡣҽȻҽʦӾȻǻģһ룺δɰ
Ӧ֪ɶɶɶط𣿰𣿴ϸ𣿺
𣿡һ룬δɰμΪx壿־ʿʦ壿
ΪϷҮ֮йڼĲʡɫȵȵĴο
̫࣬ԡûãмһغˡʶ
˵˷ӦǷӦбȤǣȤȤǹ
һ˵ҲҲ˵Щ棬ʱ䲻Ӧ˷
档֮𣬰˼йɸǸ߾١˷աģ
ʵԵġԴԵʵ壨ҡ٤ޣǿһּž
״̬зյŶȫͣϢϨѡ

йѧ˼ģʽ෴ӡ¾һƪͺϸ˵
һһȵȡ淢йϰΪִ
Ϊģô⣬ò⡣ȵйҾ
׵ذѷг״̬ġޡ籾Դġޡ˹
԰ȫ̵ĵѧڣñ˴˵ִìܡ

ǰҲǳ״̬ΪıԴ
ڣ۳ҪľҪԴظҲ
˵ԣԭе޵״̬ӡȷ̲δᵽǡԭޡʱ
ԵĸҲͲַعȥȡ򣬶˵ָδһֿ
ܵ״̬һزռֱʵ塣򷨿ռ
ʵĵ編ԣҲй򷨾ʵʵķ壬
ͬѡ硱ÿ˵ġġġ
泣壬ͳɾ˷һʧʵ

˼һʰܽĶʥˡʱ
ĸʿһ̣أαȣΪʱ
򡣡 

˼ûгĦʲɣغӾ
塢ڣ˥ͨһšмӵĻԶʦʼ
ۡڽֻǵǸңѧ˵ʲôӰ
졣

ڱΪվע裬ʵ˾ٸΪͳһ˼룬֪
ͬעӵġ¾Ӹȡ˵ǲҰң͢
һҶơŹ֮ķʿƳӵĵ˼롣Ҳ
Ϊûпɽϰ賮Ѿζӯ

йۡ۵һϵͳ֮ʡαӡʫ
ġۡһ顣йӰ죬
ں׹ȫαӰܳһ
ϵĴȶ⣬磽壽ģĹ۵Ƴͳһ
̽硣ڲ⣬Ҳ޷⣬·Ϸӡһƽ
˼ˡ

ƻԪأһޣס֡֡ڴ֡
ڱ֡

֣һߣ淨ʦ١ʦԻȥͣ
ٷԻ޷ĳ١ʦ޶ԡ

гȤĹ£ǵʱʦ

ţͷɽҺУѧʣߣģԻһԲ
굫ڣֱֱֹţֱֱȥмУס
ס˼ʣ޵ηýѣԻ֮ˣ
㣬ԭԣǷ𣬷档

ֱ͵ɽϺ˼һޡ

ϴʲôƳĵɽϧҲûܳԽʱķѰ
áֵףһţˤ˱۵ľѨ

˵աΪʦϺҰ

ΪʲôҰϧϧ

ͽͽûоѧϴ񣬸ȫȫı
ߣ

ͽ̨ʦʦʯޡÿԻ˹
ӦŵԻţĪá

ʱڣһԽϨδϢ𣬼Ӱܽš
Ϊڵ֮ĸڵĵһα廯Ϊ򷨱Դ
籾ģͨ״ֱɵڽ̡Уٴ˸񻯳ɴ桢˼
Ůġĸ״̬Ҳϵʱе
˼һ淨ٱңԶġһʢġռ硱

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ƪڱԽԽʡҰǵѧ֪ʶҲóˡ

Ҫʵϣ˵Ͼϵģͬѧ
ضһҪ֪ѧԨԴڣʵҲһֱ
ʵࣩ˺ö졣ÿʱÿ̴Լķ˼άʶ
֮УƩͷ紵ˮ˲ͣɾ磬Ʈĺʶˡ
ϣԵ롣ϾҪŽ룬
ѧһ̼ʹɲǼʱѴ˰ĸԵ˼Զ
ˣͬӰһֻͣͼԭһ㣬ӴȤ룬
ʵȵȡ

ķһʼĦʦڹ۾Ҳӡһ֡
һ¡Ƚϻʱ;Բݸ׼û
ѧҲûȥѧԱˣ˻иס
ķﵽͬЧⷽǺʦһϵз
ݲͬʦĲͬɫɫ˾ͳ֮Ϊڷͥʩ衣

ɽķȻǴ򿩡ʲôأ

ûбҿ϶˵˵ޣһжϣ
˵ҪתҰġڴˣݺʦĽͣ¿
նһ˵

ȿɽԼġ

£ɽһͬʦ̶̶˵ҹˣطȥɡɽ
ءء൱˵ټȴֻ˵
ڡ̶ֽøɽɽ׼ӣ̶ͺһ°ѵƴˡ
ɽڴ˴ݸлʦ̶ʣʲôɽ˵ӽ
ٲ£ڣϺе˵ˣ

۹ܽͬѧԵһʼھУ˴רԺУָ̲ģ
ͺMBAҵΪ߳ˡһ˸賮
ûе⣬ʾֻѧã绹ܿ㡣ûˣ
Ǿʹס̶㣬ճũ֮ʰһںڡ
ϵʵʾΪ䵽ʱõĻǸ
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Ϊƽʱһֱ˼Ѱҡ롱ͺñһֻӬһֱײײײɴ
Ǹ˲ɴ˸ڣӬѧһײײͷ鵽ʵࡣ
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겻ƣ˿нδΪסֽƺ۾ƴһˡ

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Ĵ̼ǿȾͻֻҪǰȥѧѧˣдԤ
ӦԷҲͲе⣬鵽˲ķǳ̬ˡ

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ƤϵʹԾʹУͲʮǺʵڵһִ̼

ͽһ֡ӦӦ״̬ѧǶ˵ӦӦ
ָԾҵĻ¶ȱ仯ȱˡݿ˼ȴ̼ķӦ
ӦӦУƤʴӣļǿ˴һָ˷ԣ
̬߷Ӧȵ״ַ̬ǳ̬֮£ѧ˾

˵Ŵүľһģƨʮµ񲻶
ʦҲǱƨǰûдҪеͷҺԩ
ᱻ컹ø˺ȵȡûڣ
̼ǰ״̼ġ

˵⡣

һǴͳȻЧֻҪ֣ܻЧЧȽ
ȶ

廨ŵķͺѱ֤ЧˡЩһԲࡢľ
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ţҾþͺѧ˴Ӵķ⣬¸ѻóɹЩ
ŵʩУõʦ޶ֶ̼ͨѧ룬
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ǵ¼ļطʽȱݣֻȡʦһ¼
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ѧʶۡ˾ԼʲôţЩرȾ
硣磺

ݸͤʦεɽżƣ󡣡ɽҡ֮ʦ
˺ȥعˡ

ؾͶѧ˺ްԣӸѯҡ
еĶȥᣬʧ֮ǧ

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ɽϺֱֱȥһ׵شȥǲҲĿ
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ƽĶۣӦеġٸ֤

ϳɳԻһڽ̣һɡ²ѣ
˵

ɼʦڲβ롢߻ӵĴͽڣҲʶȫһ
Ϊֱ˵ķ򡣴󲿷ʱǱ뿪㷨ţԽ
ϣ˶εġķȡռȡɽĴϷ
ϸ֮ˣúáΪʵ㣬һ
ʺܴ󡣶и֮ˣؼɲ£Ҫһĸ
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ʵһˡǿֱ˵Ľض·Ͻᣬʵ
ԼʱԿƲסС㿴ġɽԡ޷Ǹѧ˹
䡰ҪѧãҪѧҪѧҪѧáȥѡ
ȥֻоľ䣬һѧ˲ڹ³ΪФӡ
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һˣ޶ֻҪԵݲһѡ

ʣѧĪаȡʦͷʱΣʦԻͷҲ
ʦ΢Ц󵽶ɽǰɽԻɽʲôƣɽ
ɽԻĪҽɽͷɮʡл˾ʦ
ɽʦԻɽˣʶöڸʱȵʲô


ɽʣҲô̶ҲôδôɽԻ
Ծ̶׿ʦɽʦãԻ
ǣ̫ɷͷԻô󲻵õɽ

ɽѰɮΣȴټ֮ǲΡɽ
굫ȡȵһߵݡʦ˴߽ӵһʦ鷽
ɡ

Ժ۵ɽ¾ΪĽ̫ƫһ·Դ
˵׽ġ׵ģף⿿ѣ
Կǵͥʩ裬ͷѩ壬šɳۡ
ܿȡ˰ĵһ֮Ҳòˡ

ʮһ

ָֻм֪

ɽȻȱݣ䱾Ϊ˺ͷԲʧΪһ
ˣһˣһеµˣһ˵ͼȤζˣһ
ˡ

ԺʦԽԽв˵ˡȴǡ
ˡһͷݻ˵ԽԽԽеԽԽ
Խѽڡĩض̸һЩʦҲˡ˵вá
Ȩϵϵķš

ǻ۵ԲʦҲ˵żȻŸҲա
Ǻܴɽһԡλڴ¼ʦţ
ȴȻܣͷ϶ϴġҲʲôס

ȣɽϺӲҾ쳣ɹ󡣲Ƿҡ
ſھҧģһȮһֻúܶԭּڽ̼Īټ
ȴǴȱüһƪ˽ɷԽ⿪˶˵ͷ˶˵Ŀ
һʵĵäȮ

ʦ򼲣ɮʣвޣʦԻСԻǲ
ߡʦԻѽѽ

Խߡȫãɽʱν޹ҰԶߵˡ

Ȥǣһֱ༤ǹĶɽϺҲƵһ򹫰

ɮʶɽλرܣɽƣβ޺ȥɮƣ
޺ɽƣʱɱ^衣ʱɱ^衣

Ҳȫ֣Ҳȫ֣λ;ͬ顣

ɽջҪѿ࣬ͽ˵ѿ׷죬ξǣ
к¡һķһ˰ʮĴ
ڿ԰ǨȥҲ

ҵĹൽ˽βشɿһѣ

˹ȥ˾ѧ࣬ĳˮҲ͸ЩռŵĹ

ϦϦ˵⡣Сھ֮ʣ·𿴵˵ɽϺ
ȣ캮䱡ĺĻ

Ԫټ޼ȶʦһ̣ժ¼ڴˣıģ

ޤ͡һѷ磬ĺˮ̿ա⣬ֻ͡ŸС



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