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              ţţеġţ̵סʲô

                            ӡ

    ڡԡס塷һţţеġţ
סʵԣΪҽѧҲйظõʵκо
ʳеĵʽ󽫱űաãʹ
Сţ̵סҲڷáҺע⵽
ţ̵סרίԱԱйũҵѧԺϢΡ
ũҵ鱨оʳӪѯίԱ᳣÷Ȩ
յվ϶ԡţ̵סOMPⷬȽϸĽܣ

     OMPǾϸֳֻܵĵʡҪѪҺУ󲿷
ɸϳɡɹϸкзḻOMP,ǴлĵڡԳɹϸ
ֳֻҪáһֺ70ᣬΪ7649һ
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http://www.telunsu.net/news/2006/20066221501730518.html

     Ͼݴ˻ţ˵ġţ̵סʵǰѹⶼڶ
оһĵʡȵ1IGF-1˸ƶѣ
ڡ԰׽𡱽ʺڼظĽС԰׽𡱡ţյ
OMPǡţҵĿԱֲġƺһ·
ĵʡ

    ǹ÷ȨԣOMP·ֵĵʣڡ
൱оʷôǰһ֪ĵʸͷ
ƳܾܿIGF-1ΪIGF-1ҲǺ70ᣬҲ
7649٣ҲǾϸֵֻܣҪѪҺУ󲿷
ɸϳɡIGF-1Ҳδ̫˰ɡ

    IGF-1˼壬ṹȵƣһ־ȵһĹܵ
أҲϸֻDNAϳɣ弸ϸȻ
ϸܲãǴлڶ֮һˣ
һҪãܵһҪĳ֮Ϊ
ţ̵ס

    ңҲIGF-1صĿơ˵IGF-1
ţȫͬΪʲôҪĳơţ̵ס

    ţеȷIGF-1ð75϶ȣ45룩ʹţ
еIGF-1ԣڸ121ȣ5ӣͼⲻIGF-1Ĵ
(Collier et al., 1991)ţġաţ̲õǳ˲
(135150ȣ4-15)2006꺫оó˲䷨130C
2룩̷УIGF-1ĺδ(Kang et al., 2006)

    㡰աţлIGF-1ôʳﵰһθ
б⣬ᱻսѪҺУٶ֮
(NIH, 1991)

    ǱȽһʱڣԴʳһЩʡ
ʵʹҩѧŨȵIGF-1ιҲʹѪҺIGF-1
Ũȷ仯ͬλرǷֱӲ֣յIGF-1
Ժ(Donovan and Odle, 1994; Odle et al., 1996; Burrin, 1997; 
Burrin et al, 1997Donovan et al, 1997)

    ˵θѺIGF-1ţеIGF-1ߵöࡣ1.5
ţеIGF-1ÿڵθеIGF-11
ÿԼIGF-10.1(FAO/WHO, 1998)˼
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    һ˵ţʲôȫµļܹţеIGF-1
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еѪҺIGF-1Ũȸ˻ٰķ(Renehan et al, 2004)

    ִţͨţעأػ̼ţIGF-1
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ɣĵҲǶġʳеIGF-1Ȳ°Ҳ
ǡһ˵ͳûʲô

Burrin DG (1997) Is milk-borne insulin-like growth factor-I essential for neonatal development. J. Nutr. 127, 975S-979s

Burrin DG et al (1997) Role of milk-borne vs. endogenous insulin-like growth factor I in neonatal growth. J. Anim. Sci. 75 ,2739-2743

Collier RJ et al (1991) Factors affecting insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 2905-2911

Donovan SM and Odle J (1994) Growth factors in milk as mediators of infant development. Annual Rev. Nutr. 14, 147-167

Donovan SM et al (1997) Orally administered iodinated recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) is poorly absorbed by the neonatal piglet. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 24, 174-182

FAO/WHO Joint Committee on Food Additives (1998) Summary and conclusions from Fiftieth Meeting, Rome 17-26 February 1998

Hankinson SE et al (1998) Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and risk of breast cancer. The Lancet, 351 (9113), 9 May 1998, 1393-96

Kang SH et al (2006) The effects of dairy processes and storage on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) content in milk and in model IGF-I-fortified dairy products. J Dairy Sci. 2006 89(2):402-9 

NIH Technology Assessment Conference (1991) Statement on bovine somatotropin. JAMA 265, 1423-1425

Odle J et al (1996) Intestinal effects of milk borne growth factors in neonates of agricultural importance. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 2509-2522

Renehan AG et al (2004) Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet 363, 1346C1353

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йѧѧֿѧصʵֱԹ

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      еӢA quasi-steady-model for predicting fire 
suppression in spaces protected by water mist systems2000ڹ
Ļ־Fire Safety JournalһΪGerard G¡
޿ռϸˮ׼̬ģ͡20038·ڹڵEIԴ־ȼ
տѧ뼼ġһΪ硣ΪԼһϸˮо
ˣԶ֪ⷽʶһ˽⡣ע⵽ƪĿƣݵ
ּΧһ׼̬ģͶԵģйģ͵
ִӢֱӷκԼԵ˼룬µӢ
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      зֱƪµPDFʽѾԭģͬĵ
ѾûɫǺǣʵҲñ꣬Ϊͨƪǻɫ

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Ժʿ¼·Fire Safety Journal־
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Fire Safety Journal 35 (2000) 327}362

A quasi-steady-state model for predicting fire suppression in spaces protected by water mist systems

Gerard G. Back, Craig L. Beyler, Rich Hansen
Hughes Associates, Inc., 3610 Commerical Drive, Suite 817, Baltimore, MD, USA
US Coast Guard Research and Development Center, Groton, CT, USA
Received 20 April 1999; received in revised form 7 June 2000; accepted 22 June 2000
Abstract

A quasi-steady-state model was developed to predict the efectiveness of a water mist system
for extinguishing fuel spray and pool fires. The model was developed for obstructed fires where
extinguishment primarily occurs as a result of a reduction in oxygen concentration due to the
consumption of oxygen by the fire and due to dilution of the oxygen with water vapor.
Interactions between the mist and the flame are neglected resulting in limiting case predictions.
The model is based on conservation of energy and requires the following input parameters: fire
size, compartment geometry, vent area, and water flow rate. The steady-state temperatures and
oxygen concentrations predicted by the model can be used to determine the smallest fire that
can be extinguished. The predictions made by the model compared favorably to the results of
three full-scale test series conducted for the US Coast Guard. These tests were conducted in
shipboard machinery spaces with compartment volumes ranging from 100 to 500 m3 with
a wide range of ventilation rates and openings. The model was able to accurately predict the
compartment temperatures during the tests where steady-state conditions were produced. The
model was also able to accurately predict the extinguishment times for a wide range of fire sizes
and was used to identify the smallest fire that could be extinguished for a given set of
conditions. ( 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

9 4 
2003 8 
ȼաơѧ롡
Journal of Combustion Science and Technology
Vol. 9 No. 4
Aug. 2003

޿ռϸˮ׼̬ģ
X , ι, , ½ǿ
(йѧѧֿѧصʵ, Ϸ230026)

ժҪ:ͨ޿ռдϸˮʵ,ܽԤϸˮϵͳЧ׼̬ģ. ģϸˮ
ϰչ. ϨҪȼȼպϸˮϡŨȵĽͶ
µ,ϸˮֱ. ģͻغ,Ҫ²:Դʡ޿ռļν
ͨϸˮʩ. ͨģԤ̬ʱ޿ռ¶ȺŨ,ȷٽԴ
߶(ʴС) ,ͬʱ׼ȷԤϴʷΧϨʱ.
ؼ:޿ռ; ϸˮ; ; ׼̬ģ
ͼ:TB24 , TK16 ױʶ:A ±:100628740 (2003) 0420381205
A Quasi-Steady-State Model of Water Mist Fire Suppression in Compartment
LIU Jiang-hong , LIAO Guang-xuan , LI Pei-de , LU Qiang
(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China)
Abstract :A quasi-steady-state model was developed to predict the effectiveness of a water mist systemfor extinguishing pool fires.
The model was developed for obstructed fires where extinguishment primarily occurs as a result of a reduction in oxygen concentra-
tion due to the consumption of oxygen by the fire and due to dilution of the oxygen with water vapor. The model is based on conser-
vation of energy and requires the following input parameters : fire size , compartment geometry , vent area , and water flow rate. The
steady-state temperatures and oxygen concentrations predicted by the model can be used to determine the smallest fire that can be
extinguished. The model was able to accurately predict the compartment temperatures during the tests where steady-state conditions
were produced. The model was also able to accurately predict the extinguishment times for a wide range of fire sizes and was used
to identify the smallest fire that could be extinguished for a given set of conditions.

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ҽ  200741

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Ժʿ䵼ʦû

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ʮͬCSUAĹ۵㣬ҹͬСֹdeepdeepdeepblueĹ۵㡣
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ҵѹġѧѧѹʦеʦѹˡ
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Ժʿٻػ

Noya

¼ۺ˼,Ҳո.վڲͬλȥ
ܻвͬ. Ϊ˿ķ˿Ϊ:

1. Ӧеһλ,ºȡʿѧλǡ.

2. ԺʿŻ,ϸĳѧ,Щ˻ƴ
סͽƱԺʿǿϰٱ.˵˴һ. 
Ҳ˿ϣŬܴµЧ.

3. ʦܲǿ϶,Ҳ. ҪαȽϸ
, ı׼Ҫฺ, йʵ׼ٸ, ƽʱѧƵ
аʾֲͬ. ֮, ж. ²С
(Ҳ̫).

4. ڿлʶԻ𵽺ܴ, ˵Ǵ
ǶҪ̶ͬȵı仵. ԻƵĿǰٻЩͬ. ͻ, 
Ժʿٻػһ´, ȫ, 
ڹ˼ѧ.

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٣챻ϿѧֱƸΪѧѧԺҩѧԺҽѧԺԺ

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ڣ ֥ ֻ˵Ү³ѧڡһ£֣
ꣷ£µҳʾڣ˵Ƿtenure-earnedģ
֥ϵĽõиλãҮ³ѧںҮ³ѧ
иڵǺܴġ

ӭѽһ¡

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ٱҽƹߵ绰Ǽٵģ



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컨 ɣ εȡȻνרһЩרҵʲô
Bϸʲô׼ʲôصĹЧдĻ
˵ѪǺܿ콵͡Ҳûи

ݹ°䲼ġҩƷ취еġʮ ҩƷ治ú
ݣߣҽҩƼλѧҽԺͯҽ
ߵݡĹ涨ԣһΥҩƷ档
вǳߡһ£ٱ绰һ£Ѻ
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ߵ绰010-82334568绰ͲȥɶԷһشˣ˵
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ǮϧΪֹԱý岻κŪڶߡƭĿ
ֻһˡдƪʱֽ̨ŲƵҩƷΥ
棺ʮζ衱򲡣͡ȫϢԾҸΣɱ
غ֪жҪƭŶ

һ£ҵ315Աҽѧר̸ٹ>>≯ʵ¼ 
 ҽ˾߹ĵ绰01082334558ٲζԷ
˽ġ

ġһҩ־ٱ绰010-67014785Σ
˽ȣˣ

ҳhttp://health.sohu.com/20070316/n248767680.shtml

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ӵġĲšʵ

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ӵĲȦҲҡٺڸ˵ԭ򣬽һûдġ
ΪʲôҪдƪ£ԭһλΪũ֮󡱵ҵĲԣ
˵ҿ˷ơ

۴Ϊˣ˵Ƿʵ弴ʹΨһģҲһ
ǼҪб׼Ҳǰ£ҷǳַ֧ġ
š

һţšѧ ǴСͱ̵Ҫſ
ѧǣȻѧÿѧ͵ģѧﱾڿѧ
ڹж˶ƶǶĿѧ֤ѧԡ
Ӳ۵㣬һǿѧﲻڿѧǹж
ѧšеһ۵ʵģҪ֤
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õһпѧﶼšȻ⡣ҿ
£ǱġΪ۵ڲŹеĿѧ
֪ı棬Ϊ˳ɹƷˣ
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ķǣڹоǰ붮Ŀѧ֮
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ͨòƸʾȡڵǮơ˵Ҫšʵ
Ѿ൱ˡҿҪţҪٴҼƲǡ

ٿڶҪţϵġѧҡϵУ
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ĴڣϣҲԽΪӵĺܻܿȽƶ
ΪԸΪԼꡣԣʵһϵ
ǿѧҡѧһѧһѧң뱣ֲؼ˸ĵߣʵ
һǳѵ顣ּΪɵĹϵУ˵һжȻҪ
ԵĻ̬ܱäĿȫܸ̽ӺһЩĺ
ΪźдĹģûʲôֵôСֵġ

ſҪţҪȨġЩ
зӵģ㷽ӲȨļ˼˵Ȩ
ͨ˸˼ˣ˼˵ҶҪȨļ
㷽ӵļˡʵҿ˵ĲŵȨ
ûУ̫ࡣ֪κһֱƷУİ
ҵţؾĳȨרԱļõ
£Աרܻ߶ʲôϡ£ʵںбҪָ߱߶
裬֮ǰӶת䣬ҪЩܻߺʱߵĵ
٣ڶӵ֮ǰûдӹϵ֪֪ʶDNA
ֻǡBάء԰׽ֻܡ˯ߡͨ㡱ᱣ
ƷܡߵڡûҩЧİοҲܡߵڡ

رͬõĸҪšҪ˵ġ֤ʡ
ڿѧϣ֤ʣǲˣ̶ȣΪǿ֤
ݡһֱƷҩƷǷЧֻ˫äġģٴ֤
вڹԼĳֲƷξЧʵϣ
дûʹùòƷֻΪ׬ȡſں˵˵ѡ
ƵֻҪһ£һĿȻ

˵ǣͬġĲšͬ
κκι۵㣬ζҪӵķ˿
͡ĲšԣҲΪӿᷨϸһЩƺӦð
šΪš׵һЩΣЩ۵Ǻʱ
ģҲͨĴһЩ

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ѧɾͽʹ

ߣcxm

    人ˣ

    괺ڻ人֮ǰʺŻȥǮʵ
ԼȿȻٴ人͸ݡ人гѾźˣ
ֱʵ人

    ֪ôģҴ人ǰʮ죬һֱûյû취
Ҫϰˣֻû

    ĵ죬绰յˣҪҪĹ

    ˵ûҪҴ󶼿רŸǿġ
Ϊʲôĸ㡣

    죬Ҵ绰ȥ㣬鿴ûС˵ˡ

    ʣʲôջ

    ˵֮ǰ֪֪ˣԭЩҩôĶ
ԣᵼ»Ķҩû飬ܳԡЩƷҲҳԡ

    ʣĽ㿴ûСûҵĽСѧĻ

    ˵ĽҲˡȥ꣬Ľڳ˳ʱˤҽĴ
ڲҩԼԼβ

    Ľ㿴Σ˵ѹ֣һЩҩؿʹҩܳԡ

    ؿʹǲǳҩģҲ֪֪ҵļʮԪǮû׻
Ѫû׷ѡ

    ǰ鱣ãǿѿ

    ҲϲѧܹѸĿѧ֪ʶֱ׵Ľ
ܿСѧĻĽ㿴ڴл⡣

    ˿һˣӷԼ˿ڶѧ˺ܶණ
ĸԼҵҽĻǳݣǳϽ
˿ڶӢ㲻ʲôĻȷǳм
ڴˣҴ100Ԫ人ʲôФϻ˾

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ڱĺļ

Iceman

ڴƴɷӵվϿ˺Щ.˳ϻ˲ٲ.
ɸҿ.

ڱ,һԺǽͷ쵱(εĹظ˵
ʮ߱,˸ڱ), һѧҳѪǮԼŪ
µڶ𾴵Ц,һʱ뵱ͿԵҲʴȻĹ
С,һüë˵طԱһֽǡԺ
ԸжСӵķٷϿ,һĻҪСŮʽ
Ĳë֮ءäå,һΪ˹񫲻ϧԳĽ
ְλͬʱӼҳѪǮȦΪУҪǼڵĻ,
ļ!

ûʱ俴УҵҼʹͷ
(Ʒ)ʲô,ҾͿһƪųʲô,񻹸л
ļЧӦ.

ٺ,дúð! ˭һ֮ܳԷܱڸб.

ȻЩʿܺܺ:

ԭβĻ й ʫ
÷йЭϯ 
ƣйЭϯ 
޲ţȫЭĽίԱḱ 
ңȫЭίԱ йѧ᳤ 
ʤѣйЭᵳԱ Ǵ 
ָ٣йѧѧḱ᳤ ۼ
йɢѧ᳣񸱻᳤ 
޵ѧ־ԭܱ 
黣йѧѧ  ᳤ 
ʯӢйɢѧḱ᳤ 
йѧԺѧооԱ ۼ
㣺³ѸѧԺԺ ʫ Ұ
Ϫйѧḱ᳤鳤 
ȫЭίԱ йѧѧḱ᳤ 
ʣйɢѧḱ᳤鳤 Ҷ
ӽ꣺ձܱ ۼ
ʤйִѧݳ񸱹ݳ
νйҡ־ 
ΡйЭᴴв  ʫ
ϣѧԺѧооԱ ۼ
裺³ѸѧԺԺ 
Ԫձղ 
йܱ ۼ
ƴ᣺β 
ףžܺβ ר
ѵйִѧݹݳ
캢йɢѧ᳣鳤 
֣鸦عɼܲ ʫ
·飺ձʲ 
Сޥձ 
컳ǫձ 
ʤţϺĻ㱨 
䣺й걨 
йų汨 
񣺹ձ 
  
¾ 
ԳйĻ 
Ÿձ 

ݶԱ˵, йѧݳݳʤйִѧݽ
ڱǩ,ѱйִѧղ.

Ȼйִѧݺܡ.

նǡۼҡʡϯФ򡱵.
ɱö.˵,ǡʡ.

ݶԱ˵, նСġ͡ġ.

ݶԱ˵, նжԱԼɹؾ. Լĥ
ȥ.Լ.

Ա,˼˵ġ20ѧ
Ժ˴֮𵽶ԭ֮Ʋͬʱڵܣζ
Ըп

ɶ? 

ٺ,.

ļʱΪΪڣű࣬ݺύ֯ģӴ󣬽ṹϽ
ͻɫǣ˶ڱѧʵγɶй˼


Ҷ."ʱΪ",Ա⻹ɶΪ?֪ɶ""?

˵̧,ű,ΪǴǰ?Ż!

ʲôľŻû˵.˼ǴŮʽĲë֮ذ?

ڱ,,ǿɵǼ.

Ȼ,һ,Ҫǿǽһ౾,äҲ϶
ϳ.֪ô..

ȥ.˸ô,յʲô?ף,Ϊô,
㻹Ǹ鳤.벻.

(XYS20070402)

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СƷܵ߶ۡ

ŷ
    http://blog.sina.com.cn/m/zhangfangcn

ʵʱһǲ̵ġҸебҪһʵСƷ
Ӣ뱾200738˲٣˵Ѿܵ߶ۡ
һξ롣

ûϸ鿴վݣҲǶû
о˽⣬ҲӢֻϲˣҲö֪ҿӼ
Ҵҵ ܵ߶ۡһݸոСӢƷ
Ϊıܵؾе㲻̫šһ飬Ȼ֮ϣ
ơˡ

¶ڵõ˵Ͽɣ˿ĸо
˸еġΪ̫Ϣ̫ʵϢ
ʵ߽ǵ̵߲Ӱǵж˼ģԱ
ɽܵڵ鴵ܲһСй
˸İϷĹ壬Ҳдϸе
ɵ㣬ܵɵȡСӢƷֱС׸֪ܵ
˵ĸ߶ۡ

Ȼ˱ϢԲӵ˼¶ԺУ
Ҳòõˮ

ȣСƷĳֻһҴѧ磬ĳ
漯ţҲ˵棬ĳ绹һЩҵͷ
ȡһƷҲעСƷ󣬲ںܶƽ
ýϽдһ˵ǳصͼ飬Ҫȡͬʱ
¼ʽһһҪ߶ߣҪⱾ
ʾ罫Ͷʽ˵һһ൱ͼ飺ƽý
ҵӰ־ܿϽз
Ȿ־ϽиЩĲɷʽҳʽʽ
Ҳ˵һ̨֣ǩ飨һҪ˵г
ȫʽǼĳеȣһǵЩͬ
һǰͼݵķ֮أг̶һ
ǱÿֻĶһ£

ڡܿʵǷĸĿУöǲһ
ġ磬ڷ׸취ȥεܱ༭ɯ
һŮǿˣĴյ¾ٴ룩áƨɡʽ
ȫ¡ԷʽĻǲ
õж˵ѾΪͷϷ̸һͼ
ĿڴʽܿҪǮҲ
ƵģһھҪ50000ԪۺԼΪ40Ա
·ʽĻǷҲٶˣҵһΪ桱
ԡƨɡʽǾֻй֪Ǽҳһ˶
ˡ

ŦԼѧĳһ飬һӹⷭȥ
飬һ˵Ƕݽһ¼򵥵Ľʵл˵Щ
ĻҲָͬƷĲ֮ͬݹȻˣ
ڡܿ򵥵ʽһ£עе
ӣһ˺棬ֶġܿ20˶
֪ĺܶζʲôȷǳ˵ġƨɡ̫
ʱ˲Żȥúöģһ㲻̫ϸĿ˵ǺԴģ
࿴һСҲˡ

ʽݣȻǱȽ
ˡ˵仰ڵĻеżëСˡ

ʵϣӲҪ̫Ϊ˵ܵ߶
̫ۡ಻档һСӢƷ200738ճ棬
򵽴ĶߣҲøһζƷʱ䣬Ļ
һЩʱ䣬ٸ֮ܵдƷĺ뻵
µʱ䣬Ҫµʱ䡣ʱ㿴
ý嶼СƷԣСƷӰ쵽ʲô̶ȵĻ
򿴵ʲôˣʲôˣдһС
Ʒʱ˵ܵ߶ۡ١ڶġܿ
֣пǳִд֣롰ܵ߶ۡ
ȥ̫ԶǹڳͼķʽҲ
ǴѧҲ˵׼һҲרŸд
Щ֮ʵҵýһߣߣַ
ϣԴһ˵ӿģҲ֡κζ
ֺһ˵̫棬Ƚк塣
ֹ̬ȣǲһЩ˵ܵˡ߶ۡ
һ㻹Ҫ˭˸߶ۣʲôʱģڳǰոճ
͸˸߶ۣݵĿɿ

֮ܿСӢƷѾֲ࣬
Ҳ֮ʡ˻ܿóǶָҪҪ
СƷйѧƷǿһ
СԳдȣݼ飬ûʲôСֵġ

˵ܿⱾнĻŵС˵Ტ
ۡΪԭֵ˼ģ˼ǣϲŵ
нƷĻԲҲһСƷʮ
ҲСƷѾﵽŵĸ߶ˡܾã
ҪʹˡŵᡱΪκΰʾһ
Ϊ

⣬˵Դվѷվá
̬ҲòˮҿԸλκһ飬
ֻҪǳ˵ģһվҵ˲
͸¶ĴƮƮȻĸоʵӦùעĲվ
⣬վϸλòǹؼòһ䣬Ǹ
λǶ̬ߺڿڿǰҪ̫ҲҪϲ
ɫֻ˵Ŀǰ鱻ϢѡǼҳǩ
˰ͬϢ;üֵ

֮ȫǰ1015аӲңҿԸλ
аɼƵģǹڳ˿Ƶģ
˾ûٿԡ

֮ҪֹƸõˮһΪĲ͹ر
ҪйͨͨҲûа취лʽĹͨ
ֹֻʽˡϣԱɽȥ
۵ǷǷǡϾĻ˵ΪҪЩĻģҪ
˸еײӲ

Wang in Love and Bondage: Three Novellas
Wang Xiaobo, trans. from the Chinese by Hongling Zhang and Jason 
Sommer. SUNY, $25 (160p) ISBN 978-0-7914-7065-7

Reading popular, irreverent Chinese essayist and novelist Wang, 
who died in 1997 at 44, can feel like being held upside down
particularly during the zingy sex scenes. Characters cultivate an 
artful irrelevance to circumvent official stricture, and fail most 
every time. In the first work, "2015," the narrator's uncle, Wang Er, 
is a painter without a government permit to paint; his paintings are 
so stridently fractal that they make people dizzy. Sent for 
re-education, he readily admits his stupidity, but is undone when a 
female guard takes a very twisted interest in him. "The Golden Age" 
concerns another Wang Er: a 21-year-old, well-endowed Beijing student 
sent to the Yunan countryside during the Mao period. There, he runs 
off with a married doctor. Told to confess on returning, Wang, 
ironically, becomes a writer, as his superiors insist on more and more 
pornographic detail in every revised version of his confessions. The 
slighter final story, "East Palace, West Palace," relates a story 
about a policeman who falls in love with a bisexual cross-dresser. 
Wang's deeply convincing novellas will certainly please the readers 
who have enjoyed recent Nobel PrizeCwinner Gao Xingjian's novel, Soul 
Mountain.(Mar.) 

Springing Forward 2007: Fiction/General & Short Stories

Edited by Dick Donahue and Lauren Joyce -- Publishers Weekly, 
1/22/2007
STATE UNIV. OF NEW YORK PRESS

Wang in Love and Bondage (Mar., $25) by Wang Xiaobo, trans. by 
Hongling Zhang and Jason Sommer, collects three novellas from a 
20th-century Chinese writer.

(XYS20070402)

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Ъѧھܾ廪ѧѧPh.D.Ļ

(Sat Mar 31 13:12:32 2007)

letter from a professor majored in ME,U OF MICHIGAN,US

Dear xxx:

I would like to inform you of the situation relevant to Chinese graduate
students here, at least at our department, which makes it very difficult for
us to accept graduate students from China in the future.

Over about one year period, we have had 6 Chinese Ph.D. students quit their
RAship and Ph.D. studies. The reason for them to leave was not that they
could not continue, it was rather because they want to have a job now (a
higher salary, with a hope that the companies will apply for their green
card status). They came with thier promises to pursue their Ph.D. degrees,
we paid tuition for them to take courses for their Master degree, and we
taught and helped them in their research capabilities. Once they got their
M.S. degree in Mechanical Engeering, because of the excellent job market in
the U.S. at this time, it is relatively easy for them to find a job. In a
way we felt that we were used as a step for those Chinese students to come
here, and get their master's degree, then get their jobs. We pay
approximately $45-50 K/year for each Ph.D. student, including the tuition,
health insurance, various fees, lab and computer fees, and monthly salary,
we also put a lot of time and efforts for them. They (most of them) also did
good research work as assistants. However, we don't get credit because we
don't produce PH.D's, which is one of our major purposes as an institution
of high education. On the other hand, they have their particular interests
which are also understandable, for example, financial pressure, and wishes
to have their green card applications on the way asap.

This situation also happened to my Chinese Ph.D.student. He is very talented
and did a good job in research. However, after he got his M.S. in M.E., he
resigned very recently. We still let him stay here presently (with salary)
for one more month, otherwise he will have to repay his tuition, which is
over $10K. Although we are very considerate for those students, the
consequencies are obvious:

(1) It greatly degraded the reputation of Chinese graduate students who
apply for admission. Some professors address those as "very unethical", "you
really cannot trust them when they promise you to pursue their Ph.D. degrees
under your supervision", " you feel you are so stupid as cheated by your own
student". It really created some resentment. Actually, I know, as of this
time, there are a couple of more students looking for a job or already got a
job offer, but not telling their advisors. They will quit at the last minute
before they leave. This situation will certainly get backfired, and the
damadge will mostly be transferred onto the future applicants from China.

(2) Some professors or research scientists have already made their decisions
not to consider Chinese student applications. Although it should not and
cannot be a policy, it is the individual's decision in selecting future
Ph.D. students with preference, and in my opinion, with good reasons. It
will make it much more difficult for us to bring in Ph.D. students from
China. For example, as you know, I was looking for one or two Ph.D. students
later this year, and I have a vacancy for a Ph.D. student now. But I will
not consider Chinese applicants. At the same time I feel truely sorry, for I
know, especially many graduate students from Tsinghua University of very
high qualifications sent email applications to me (and to other professors),
including yourself. Now I have to inform you that please try your
applications elsewhere, or other professors.

In our department, many Chinese graduate students know me and we have a very
friendly relationships. The faculty members know that too. One told me: "You
try to help them, then they screw you up!"

I spent time to write this email message, for your information and
considerations, as to how this situation may be somehow alleviated. You may
discuss this with your close friends and classmates, I am not sure you
should broadly propagate this message. But I did present a fact and an
opinion

(XYS20070402)

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