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˿Ҫȥһ롣Ĳ漰-ŵľ¼Ǳ
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һ

ΪĿѧоı˵ⳡУһֱڿǵһ
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ڹڣһԣ˵ʦоûУһ㲻ѧṩ
оѣѧһҲӵʵ⣬ѧĵʦ˶
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ѧĵʦǷȻѧĵʦѧ
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д뵽һ£ҹȥһλ¹оͬ£ڣ
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Ȩ

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ף

Ҷˣд̸λҡ



쿴Ϊҡ¡ԡ˵¡¼
ظп뱻ǣ浽ⳡ֮УΪᵽ
ȴǸôһ仰ҵע⣺

˵¡ָѧϺˮѧĽʦҵİˣͽ
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ԣͬλָ̣Խ֮
л


20078111140
ͼ

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̸̸ѧϵĸ

ߣ

ٺѱΪѧָô˿Ҳ
¶˲٣һѧȴԱ֣ʹҲ
û취ǿƼϵĸܡ

PNASࣨEditor-in-ChiefNicholas R. Cozzarelli׫ģPNAS 
1012910495 ָʱ ÿƪĵƽ
ĿǣˣʱĿѴﵽˡԣCozzarelli
ÿƪǷľʸ(authorship)ɡĿǰPNAS
涨ÿƪ±гǵľ幱ʲôdesigned research, 
performed research, analyzed data, wrote the paperĿľҪ
ߡ󣨡Our goal is both to inform readers and to 
eliminate gift authorship֪PNASĿǰΨһҪд߾
幱׵ĿƼڿΪǸõĴʩЧȴһܸߡ

֪ÿƪ˭ͨѶ(corresponding author˵
㣬˵˾ǡϰ塱˵㡣һƪһɵ£ǿ
飨λĿͨһڶʵľߣȺ
ѧͲʿ󹹳ɡЩľµȨʵӦ
ˡǣһϰѱ˵Ҳ˽û
ף״ﲻΪߵҪ󣨼PNAS£ѧͲ
ʿҲû취ΪԼϾǡȺ塱ϰȥۣ
ˣ㻹벻ҵˣֻǸŭԣһϰ֪
йУڡ

PNASҪд幱׵Ҫϰļˡߡ
contributionм㣨ǲأһٵ顣
ȥҷ޴Ӳ  СNature Biotechnology
co-corresponding authorGeorge WuǺܺõһ

ǵǰ⽡۴ʱᵽһС£⵱оʱ
ʦѧڼһʵ飬д£׼ͶPhysics Review
ѧĶ־֮һ͵ʦˡʦ޸ĺ
ȴԼȥˣԭǣʦΪоƵԼ
дԼδܹΪauthorĹסܹ˳ʵٶĵ
ʦڿ϶ҲУٺ٣Ҹ˵һǧ㶼һҳһ
෴ȴ˵ʦѧƵʵ飬дõֱù
Լڵһߵʵ

Ƽϵĸлߣܻڱһġٺ
ָͨ,߻֪Ļ֪⣬ֵĿ
΢΢ģҲĴںͷչİ취ֻ
ߣҪǵʦϰ壩֪ʵ

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пԺʮܳףоԱѧ

йѧԺŴ¼ٴαţоԱ ף
 ʿʦ˼ƻܳ
http://www.genetics.ac.cn/expert/chengzhukuan.htmٻ2007
пԺʮܳ
http://tuanwei.cas.cn/html/Dir/2007/04/23/00/01/15.htmоԱͬ
ʱݴѧְȫͬĹдƪѧλģ˻
˶ʿѧλһλݴѧϣһλķ컪컪ְ˶
ʿŴ칫Ҹ
http://www.genetics.ac.cn/IGDB/administrative%20and%20support/zhbgs/
index.htm
 
Ϣͨϻ컪йũҵ֪ʶֿ⣨ƽ̰棩
˶ʿĿģhttp://lsg.cnki.net/Grid20/Navigator.aspx?ID=199
 
˶ʿݣ
 
	;
ʦ	ף;
ѧλ赥λ	ݴѧ;
ѧרҵơ	Ŵ
ѧλȡ	2005
ļ	˶ʿ
Ͷˡ	ݴѧ
Ͷʱ䡿	2005-07-15
ؼʡ	ͬԴ; Ұ; ϵ; ӱ;
ӢĹؼʡ	homologous recombination; wild rice; introgression line; 
molecular marker;
 
ժҪԴڸɴĽҰ(Oryza eichlingeri 2n=24 CC)
ൾ02428(Oryza japonica 2n=24 AA)ӽ,ɸѡ11Ⱦɫ
ԴȾɫ嵥帽ϵøõ帽ϵ,˽ϵȺ,оԶԵ
ּȾɫŴĹ,ɸѡһЩ״仯Ľϵ,
Ҫ: 1.ͨԭλӽķɸѡ02428Ұ11Ⱦɫ
ĵ帽ϵ,ͨԸòϵϸѧ,FISHGISH,ȷ
ԴڽҰCCƬ0242811Ⱦɫ塣ͨԽϵŴ
,÷ӱҵƬڽϵķɡȷԶԵ
ּȾɫŴʵǿͨ޵ͬԴʵֵġ 2.
ѾൾƷ02428Ұֵּ帽ϵ
(MAALs),ѡнʵߵĵ11Ⱦɫ帽ϵΪ,ϸԷ
ֳһ㹻ϵȺ,Խջ,γɽϴĶȺ
ڲͬ...
 
ӢժҪA line of Oryza eichingeri (2n=24 CC) which orginated from 
Uganda was crossed to a cultivated variety 02428(2n=24 AA) to breed 
the MAAL(monosomic alien addition line). This MAAL-11 was used to 
construct the introgression lines and study the mechanisms of the 
recombination in the distantly related genome.The results showed as 
follows:1. By the way of FISH and GISH, the 11~th monosomic alien 
addition line was successfully segregated and we make sure that the 
segments of 11~th CC chromosome had intrgressed int...

컪˶ʿݣ
Ӣ	Construction of the Introgression Lines between Oryza 
Sativa and Oryza Eichingeri and Their Morphological Investigation
	컪;
ʦ	ﴫ; ף;
ѧλ赥λ	йũҵѧ;
ѧרҵơ	ֲҵ
ѧλȡ	2005
ļ	˶ʿ
Ͷˡ	йũҵѧ
Ͷʱ䡿	2006-04-05
ؼʡ	ͬԴ; Ұ; ϵ; ӱ;
ӢĹؼʡ	wild rice; introgression line; molecular marker;
 
ժҪԴڸɴĽҰ(Oryza eichlingeri 2n=24 CC)
ൾ02428(Oryza japonica 2n=24 AA)ӽ,ɸѡ11Ⱦɫ
ԴȾɫ嵥帽ϵøõ帽ϵ,˽ϵȺ,оԶԵ
ּȾɫŴĹ,ɸѡһЩ״仯Ľϵ,
Ҫ: 1.ͨԭλӽķɸѡ02428Ұ11Ⱦɫ
ĵ帽ϵ,ͨԸòϵϸѧ,FISHGISH,ȷ
ԴڽҰCCƬ0242811Ⱦɫ塣ͨԽϵŴ
,÷ӱҵƬڽϵķɡȷԶԵ
ּȾɫŴʵǿͨ޵ͬԴʵֵġ 2.
ѾൾƷ02428Ұֵּ帽ϵ
(MAALs),ѡнʵߵĵ11Ⱦɫ帽ϵΪ,ϸԷ
ֳһ㹻ϵȺ,Խջ,γɽϴĶȺ
ڲͬ...
 
ӢժҪIn the present study, the Oryza eichingeri (2n=24 CC ) from 
Uganda was crossed with the cultivator rice variety, 02428, of Oryza 
sativa (2n=24 AA). Many monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) were 
obtained from the progenies of the BC_ 2F _2. The MAAL-11 with the 
extra chromosome of chromosome 11 of Oryza eichingeri showing high 
seed setting was used to construct the introgression lines and study 
the mechanisms of the introgression in the distantly related 
genomes.The mechanisms of the introgressionBy FISH an...

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ߣĿС

Ƕ֪˵Ĵǿ׶Ҫ3038֮䡣
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дʿоʸȫһϰ塱򹤵ĿС̡

ҽܳ˼壬Ȼ𣬾ӦҪ֧40µ
ѧߡÿܳĽʵʧ󲿷
40 ϣܶ˶4445꣬ƽҲ4242꣬35µ
ëǡĽ˵νĽܳĸøĳˡ

ǵСѧμ˶ᣬμԱҪ׶εġ˹
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863973Ŀ롣磺

150ϣܳ
24050꣬ܳ
340£ܳ

ҲȱǮÿԻ10֧5000ѧѳѧ
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ò㣩ӦҲԶóָ֧Ľܳˣˣ
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ҾĿмо

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һȷĿҿʼһЩʦѼ
Ŀϡ

ѧԺпеרҵθ࣬ǴұѧУͲ쿼
иˡм˽⵽һУѵ˾ٰרҵθ࣬
Ǳһȥˡʱѧ300ԪңǺֻ4Сʱɣ
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˽⵽ѧУǽֹʦ濪ศġһڵѧ
ܹкüˣĺʦҲjust so soڿ
治

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ߡԺĹǳԷռܳɼ60%ռ40%Եĳɼû
ֳŹܳɼͬʱҲѾҾ
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04ʱ³һѧԺЩѧԺû¼ȡ
ͬѧһεѧԺĻᣬǹѧԺͬҪһ
ΡѧԺ֯ĺܲãʱѾ˵ʦû
չÿ10ʱ䣬һͬѧ3Ӿ
򷢳ˣһУƯŮʱн20ӣ
ʲôˣȻ˵һʦʲôʲô᲻ᳪȻó䡣

ڶ죬ѧԺİҲˣźǻûҡҸо
ԣе벻ͨȥԺԵ÷ֲܸңֻܸ
¼ȡ˼ĺߣûа취һƵλ
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ȻУǾֻѧУȥУа챼
ܣɫͺܶǱڵҵѧУ

ѧУ˼ºҾѧˡԭ漸㣺һѧԺ
ĵʦûп⣬жͬѧԼڸԼ飻ڶʦ
ΪרҵһϿΣǵʦǴ绰¾Ͳ
Լ顢ۣŵʦһѧڵĿֻϹĴΣʦˮ
ƽĲôȻмʦʦΪ˺ܺƣģѧУо
֮ĺڻʦǳ֮ɶ񣬸ͬѧ˵Сѧ˵һ
ѵζ

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ֻӿȥѧУԼ湫˾Լһʵ
õʦҲ档

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ηģ֪ѧУУÿһȽϺ÷ұ
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̫׳ˣܺһüƪ£Ȼ֮ʶ

ҵĿôģΪҶûп
cnki򷽣ҵĶоˡڵʾݴҲ
һôġʦʱҲǲ˵ģҪ˵࿴
˵֮ġҵʦʦһ̫Ƹ㣬ΪҲ֪

ҵʱÿѧҪʦ꣬ÿͬѧÿ
ʦ100ԪӴͨ۲ͷ100Ԫ8ѧܹ6
ʦÿѧ֧1006+100=700ԪĲʼֱ
ЦʲôⶼУһʦûСѵ
ҵ绰ʹоǵĴУʦ25У40˵ǱҪ
ÿʦ100˼һشԼģǲܡΧѧ
ûһԸģԷѧûʲô룬һҪ700
ԪǮʦҪļ룬´ѡ

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ڣͨSFDAע֤ҩȻòٴڵ֤
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ǰߵģС֥С̨ձбй½
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飻Ҳʶ˵ԣҪʶԵķ֮
˵֤ҩЧ

֪SFDAĹԱǺҽĴҵǣǷΪԼͬ
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ΪԼˣ˵⣬˵ӣԶҩɣ


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쳣ͬѧǡ

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ͬѧѾӰ쵽֣ݴѧ˭֣ίඨʿͬѧ
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ǮҩĿǰûС˵ǵĿѧҺSFDA˼ҡһȤ
⣬˵йռҩ＼˾ѧ40%Ҳҿ϶
֣˵йFDAĵҩС󵨼衢С
֤ǿѧҲFDAԭҴһ£40%25%Ӧ
40%*25%=10%FDA׼ҩ֣5-6ÿꡣص֤һ棺ǵ
SFDAϵFDAĶ٣10%ۺǰأ5-6 X 10%һ
ǮҩǿԽܣ20ûһһǴ
Լθı䣿

ߣҲؼһٴҩһ֡ˡʽ
--ƴŶĲ֮ҩһְѧĹѧΣ
ڰΣͳ˵ѧĽЧʧܵļʣ
ĿǰҩЧʴ60-80%ʱҪȡ5%ĽչҪȵĿУ
ٴͬ룬ˡҩ˾ŵľ۾壬Ϊ
õĻҲܴٴϵͳ塣о--о--ٴо
̿ǰٺãٴС⡱ûҩĴڡΪʲô
κSFDA֤ٴʵͿѧԡûٴʵѧǰ
˵40%ֻǸSFDAй鷳

ҪңĽҩҪңĽһ棬
ҲкʬҰʹһ档ҩз＼˾ò
յߵֽǮ뼲ĴۡǶҩʵ
ͿѧûʲôҪʵͿѧˡ

½㽲......

(XYS20070813)

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ƼBBCǵ򣺴֣planet earth: Jungle

ߣ

BBC׼¼ƬһΪƯģǳ
࣬ԽֲҸۼò̾Ϊֹ

һƪץסż赸ë
Ϣˣϸɫ赸һӾ͡˾
ֻǴ޵۹⾭ĽȻͳ˻
ѡ֮ΰɼһߡ

ïֲܵúٵԴ͸ֵϣżȻµһþ
͸ĻϿ˸촰ɴкµһĨһСƬֵس˸
ֲľʱ䣬Ļֱˡջʤ
ȴҶڻֺһòľżȻ͵ĵ
϶200 ⡣

ųľȴֵ޻޻ڴֵ̺
ٲȻǶȵĲ˷ʳáȻǵʲõ
ǣβЩͷǸܱСԶݣĴ
Ҳֻѧʳˡͬ˺ĻгԳЩ質ǻ
Ĵϳͬĵ棺˽˵̣ؾ

аĵطʹ֦ҶïܵĴ²Ҳɼ
͸еʱ̣ٽǵ
ֻͿʼˣͬƵߵĸǷ·Լһ㷽ҵǳ˴˵
Ĭţҹĺӭ˰Ƶݳᣬ䱦
̬ɫ޵ǴŸͼŮʿǵķģ㻹
͵ҶܳſŵӹҹյӰ

뿪̸˵ܶͷٴתּյأʪİĻ
¡г̿ճڼٷӳĳɫʰ쵵裬
ɫɫĢſصСɡеĻɡԵλȹߣ˵Ǿ
¡ЩǸֳѭƶֵĴҪǻֱ
Ϊṩʳ

ӳĢǿ²Ǻ֪ܶҲᷢ
ḻΪԵĳṩ˹㷺ļ׵ľ
ϣЩȾϵѧ˽ȻԽ
ĿѧңһֵڣǾͿʼϵϵͳ
ܺԼֲĸߴôҧݾ֦ȥʬͻ
ʵڳչܺɢȾԵӣʱκڸϿɶ
ǡЩ˵ͣԻȺ޹ֺһֱ
ȾĵͬͼҴҵذѺ⵽ϳԶԶĵطù
ȻֻϣǧֵĳÿиضЧ
ּƽ⣬κһˣԸǵ
ȾĿҲӣûһƵӡ

ҹֵĸߴʱԿͬһİӰ֮们
ֻʦĲתƣֳҶӵĶֽзɺ
ʵȲǺҲķСʵݾͬⰵҹƮӰһ
ɫʡ

е澺͵רҵֵ֣ϵݾһӡ
ЩֲĵطȱϣǾͷչ˲ļɡĽ
˵ҶˮĶӣʵıԵģðʧĳһ̤վ͵ˮ
ķĹ汻ݷڵøֽ⣬ͷųϾͱֲ
ȻԴ˵ǸµĵطҲıļһ
һֺɫзԼ˿˸ȫͿԴģµˮ̳
еáˣȫҴǱˮﲶ׽
ˮµޡݵĲˮﰲȻĻСһֻ
Ҫܵ򽣬һͷзһؾͲ͡

ڽʾڶС֮ҲֵĴһǵǳˡڹĴ
ͨ˴Ĺ·ѵּ伸ճĿյءǴִ
ĸ·ϵͳͨЩǶڵĵյȡʳضճⲻ
ܸ󲹳ճʳȱĳЩܰкͳµҶкеĶ
ءȻۻ᲻ֻǽͽⶾﻹЩʱ
Ķǵ罻ĳ

Ŀڶɡڽ
ŵһ龵ͷǿĿȺѪȵһ棺һȺߴ
150ֻĺǵڰ֣һȻǾĲ߻Ľʤ
ɱԵǵķ²һֻûӵĶԷȺɡ
⺱һĻƺ֮ǰսӰѾ
ǵ鳤ȵͷˡ

ȻֻоµƽһǵĽףһ
ԳȴƻһеԳǡ

ڱڵ㻨ǿӰʦο˷ѣԾ
˵ȴݵһ˲ġڱƬﲻ
ӵľͷȻʵļȴüڡӰʦǵȴһ
ıݾͶڴʱСۼƴ120Сʱ
ĳֻͬصȴֵ֮⣬ֻԺﲻϸ
һϸ裺ҵ񡣿ҰӰʦǲȻ⡣

(XYS20070813)

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ɼտʲôǿѧһϸ

ߣzeroyear

տʲôǿѧһ䣺ִӻɿʼ۱
ΨǹʢУȴڷ֮ǰûһɹɼ˼
ʵ֤˼룬ҹǶôƶ

ΪϽЩ˵Ҳǡ۱˿类ɣ
һ̶ȵķ족Ҳ֪տ˵֮ǰûһɹ
أָûһＰҽѧרɹտô֪֮ǰû
ɹأʼտһƪǿʵ֤ϽгĻǷ
ö߲

֪پ˿ϣ2007213ʯȪ۱ǲα
ѧһľ͹۱١ûи۱
֪еĻͼݼտָһ⡣

(XYS20070813)

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ֽڰӡһͽ1

»5812յ籱еڶмԺ12ͥ
ֽڰӡƷ
Ʒһдͽ1꣬1000Ԫ

Ժ28ѣǰϵ̨Ƶ͸ȡ
ĿʱԱ20076¼䣬ͨãûз
ֽİӵ£Ϊıȡνҵ¡ð佨ظ
ˣг̫ʮֿڴ13Ժڣ͵ʡԱ
ȫ˻ѳ趨ӣҪȫΪӹЯ
豸ֽԼۡڵٴʮֿڴ13Ժ
ιΪɣҪȫ˽ݺֽڣ20ֽ
ڰӡͬʱȫֽڰӡĹ̡
ڽĿУѲü桢ȷ༭ٵ
רƬֽİӡԱ̨ʵ࣬ʹ
78ڱ̨Ƶ͸ȡĿ˶Ӱ죬
ҵƷ

ڷͥϣѶԼָصķʵϲ䡣ұ绤
лڳƣԼһ֮һʱͿһݵ־磬ƭ
˱̨ƭ˹ӹڡѱʾԸϻ
ӹڡҵҵԱͱ̨ʾǸ⣬ϵ˵һ
Բ𡱡ԼʹĽѵȰŹҪΪ䣬
ְҵ£Ҫ󳾡ѵı绤ʦΪʵԼ
Уϻı֣ϣֿͥǡ

Ժ϶Ϊ̨Ƶ͸ȡĿʱԱ
ʵţʵ࣬ʹٽĿԲɶ
Ӱ졣첢ɢαʵΪضʳƷҵƷ
أѹƷӦʹݴˣԺһо

(XYS20070813)

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춫˵³Ѹ300

ߣɭ

Ѹڡл鱨66շ춫Ӳˡһģָڰټ
̳³ѸĿ춫顶˵³Ѹ⼴˷
ڿ֮ʱȱУУ裬ʹд֤
ʷϲʵⲻ﷨ͨƪ⡣ĸ
˵³Ѹһ飨йس20072£297ʵ
еһֻһëظĲҲûۻ㣬硰ŭͳ
˺üΣӦ300ڱ֪ʶˮƽޣ
δܲҳģر漰ʷ֪ʶĶ󣩡ȫ203ҳƽÿҳ
1.47ʵǼÿҳС̫࣬ơӲˡеĲ̣
֮Ϊ󡱣Ҫַָë֡ﲡôʲ
õȣҪָ֤ʷϲʵԼϵ߼⡣ԭ
ϲ漰ߵκѧ۵㣬Ե߼⣬Ҳ
˵羰Ѹ˵УǴҪԭ֮һЩȫߣ
沿ŲжΡΪԼҲӦԴ
ǣͼݽһΪ˶Զ߸ܵû㹤ǡö
ġ˿δؿÿ϶ҪɣӦ˵һЩëС
Ƶģǵͼ󡣱˾ѸĲֳɹǱѰ
϶ġָۣ࣬ʻɲ֮סڸˮƽ
л۲׼ȷ⣬Ҳ֡ϵļԲӭ
ߺеؿܿòοȫܵóۡ
û򵽸ѣԲĸӰ桰˶Ƶ
http://book.sina.com.cn/nzt/history/his/zhengshuoluxun/

1. 4ҳǽ̫赭дˡָ赭д
ݴԶ˾ӦΪǽ̫赭дˡ
2. 4ҳ³Ѹ游Ϊƾٿлߣͱ̣֪кܶ
Ѳ⣬ô𣿡ָ￪ͷһʵһ
˵һдʡšӦΪء
3. 5ҳԸ׵Ĳءĸǳܵ׵صָĸ
ǳڡص
4. 7ҳȻˣǲΪҪɾԼ͹üǲеģ
ҲûǸڲǸʱָס˵Ҫ
⡱üԲҪʲôģʱ޹ء
5. 7ҳʱйкܶͥҵˣȻԭͬö
Ϊ游ԭָǡظӦɾȥһ
6. 8ҳ˵ǰְģ˵֪Ǵӳ
ġָӦš
7. 13ҳΪС˵ҵİʱĽˣд
Ҫݼһ쵽ϰݼˡָϡǾʣƶԷļң
˵ܸܼҡ
8. 11ҳ³Ѹ찲˻Ǳˣͽз֮޷֮ʵָ
ͽз֮롰޷֮ʵ֮䲢ת۹ϵһɸ
Ϊ򡰲Ҳ񻰣ʹҪתҲ
ͬһתʡ
9. 14ҳ̫ӷÿǷǳѵʽָ
ǡʽ䲻˾˵̫ӷÿʽǷǳ
ѵģǳݳ޵ģ
10. 16ҳֵˣճİ·ˣȷʵĿ࣬
˵硣ָˡ˵硡ͨ
11. 21ҳ³Ѹձѧҽڼ˼ȹ˼룬ͼ˼ϻѳ
ʹĹˣЩΪ֪ԭɣָ롰ѡ䣬ʹ
ӦΪ˯
12. 21ҳ³ѸˡġĻ˶ڼſʼдռǡΪС
˵ἯɡźⱾС˵ָҲ԰ѡźΪһС
˵ǰСԣռǡΪС˵ڶС˵Ӧ
ΪС˵
13. 22 ҳѧҽͿԾƽʱĲˡ
ָĲˡڷϻ˵һǵǰҽ
ۺͷҩ֪ıȽ㽥ҽһ
ĻƭӡҵκԤҵҸƵı
˵ļࡱӦ˵ƽʱӹҽĲˡ³Ѹʱʶ
Ҳ³ѸоĹʶ
14. 22ҳй˿ԼͬԼϿ˿ͷ鶼ľġ
ָ˭˭Ӧǡй˿ԼͬԼϱ
ͷ
15. 22ҳ³Ѹ˵ҲǲΪҵģǵһҪ
ڸıǵľ񡣡ָ³Ѹ򡷵ԭǣ
ǲΪҵġǵĵһҪ
16. 25 ҳ³ѸдǶʱ䣬Ժһˣ
ϵǣëëĲģָ򡷣
ҹӶˣҡڻ£Ļÿÿ
ͷϡ³Ѹ˵ġϡǻϵһִ͵棬ڶ棬ë
ˡëë桱һ㶼жëˡֶǻ˵ã
17. 23ҳΪʲôϴ̣һڶ
ûǮ㿴ǹս٣ܶҶǿֳظǵ
ǵִͨǵǮȥǼװޣ
ʵıĿΪʲôǣΪǼұǼҹú𣬲
ΪǼҸָʷۣҪ򡣿˵Ϊ
йǿҪԣ۾ǸҺܶ
սǡʵıĿйŴ磬
ǽڷ⽨ͳߵĸࡢյȣչʮֳٻ
ʷͬһʱڣŷʱȴ˹ҵĶ磬Ѹٷչй
˦˺档ѻƬսԺΪ֧޶սֲսе
ѿ֧ѹΣĸũ/塣
йͣǮò꣬۹Ǯŵ
ҵԡ
18. 24ҳ³ѸһˣΪܵһ겻л
ԸĸģжͷȡָжͷȡϺ
ϰߣһ˵һȷһֹ⡱ʹ³ѸԭҲ˵һ
ȣһֹ⣬өһ㣬Ҳںڰ﷢һ⣬صȺ𡣡
ȷ硤¼ʮһ
19. 25ҳ³Ѹϲֹɭɭĵط³Ѹǲ¹ģʲôطԽֲ
Խס¡ָ˵ݲ㡣ͬҳ
֪û¼һλ֤ʵ仰漰ĵطвݣԺ
һû˵һŮˡֻǡ˵Ǽʮǰ
£ʱصǡȽ徻³Ѹѧʿԡ
˵⡰³Ѹ಻޺ô˵³Ѹûȥ
סȥˡ˵ֻ³ѸϲطȻ֤
³Ѹϲֲĵط
20. 26-27ҳ⣨ָ꡷й20ҪĿ
ӵױȵġָʲôʱѡй20Ҫ
Ŀôñӿ𣿡ױȡӦΪױȡ
21. 27ҳЩСӴࡾָ顱ظǰһ
顱Ӧɾȥ
22. 27ҳ˶Ҫһλ̵ġǵġġ
ָָҪôڡӡġҪôȥǰĶٺš
23. 27ҳĻ˶йʷչıȻʷεһ
˶Ҫһλ̵ġǵġġָ
ΪмЩȾߣЩܶߣҲѰˡ
ָСЩȾߡָ
24. 28ҳ³Ѹһƪһ仰С¥һͳﶬ
ָϵ³ѸɡԳе䣬һӦΪ봺
25. 28ҳܴڼﳭһЩűдúܺãܹţ¯ĸ
ָ¯ࡱǰȱʣӦӡС
26. 31ҳһѧַ20йıǹӵı
ָ³ѸڡȻҪı׵˵
ǡ20йıΪǿԼĳ
֮ԡⲻϽķ硣
27. 31 ҳ֪ʱһȥȰ˵һȰģ
һɵĺȥȰǮͬûͨ³Ѹ߼˵ָ
Ǯͬľ19ѧձйͬ˻ᣬ̫ΡСѧ
1913ʼȺαߵʦѧڡ1917ڡ꡷Ϸ
УѧΪ¼ҪߣѾǡ꡷༭
ΪġĻ˶ĽĻ֮һʱǮͬԱһ
ɵĺӡΪ̧³ѸϧԱ³Ѹйصʷ
ѧ̬𣿣32ҳд³ѸûоǮͬġġ
Ļ˶ǵĥӲݡǮͬìܣһɵĺ
ԳΪġĻ˶𣿣
28. 31ҳģһǾ޴ƻٵģ˯
ǣöҪˣȻӻ˯еı
ָԭΪһӣǾ޴ƻٵģ
˯ǣöҪˣȻǴӻ˯𣬲еı

29. 31ҳ˵Ȼ˼Ȼ㲻˵ûлٻݵϣ
ָԭģûСӦΪûС
30. 32ҳ³Ѹ룺ϣôģΪϣڽ֮
֤ۺ֮νСָ³Ѹźеԭǣ
Ȼ˵ϣȴǲĨɱģΪϣڽ֮
޵֤۷֮νС
31. 32ҳ³ѸĥĥдһƪС˵Сռǡָ
йϣ19184£³ѸӦǮͬ룬μӸġ꡷־
༭£³ѸĶƪС˵ռǡڡ꡷ľ
ϡô˵ǡĥĥ䡱أ
32. 33-34ҳ̨һվ/һŴ/ȥ³Ѹɲ
¡ָ/һӦΪ/һִ淶ʵ䡷
͡У/
33. 34ҳͬʱ³ѸõĴǡο塱οЩڼįбܵһˡ
ָǡǶġ
34. 34ҳԼ飬˼룬ҲԼıͬʱҲ
ΪˡΪʱΪҴָʲôСԼ
ı֡
35. 35ҳ³Ѹйʷһλ̳޽ָ˵ȷ³Ѹִ
ѧʷϵľ޽ڽձѧʱѧȻҲҪ
ʽѧִ
36. 35ҳһƶʵĽһܸߵǮˣָ
һʺӦΪš
37. 35ҳѧҲдƪС˵³ѸûдƪС˵ѽָһ
ʺӦΪţ̾ţ
38. 36ҳ³ѸǵҪǡ֪ƣ롢֪Ϣ飬дѽ
дָ顱ӦΪ顱
39. 36ҳ³ѸȷҹԼյġ긴һսšָ״涼
Ӧʹáء
40. 37 ҳһ˵λˣϿȥ졣³Ѹȥ칤ʡ
ʱ³ѸܵǱȽϿģܹע顾ָΪ˵³Ѹǳ
Ǯһ̰ϧ³ѸܵĹ¡Ѹ˵춫
³Ѹǡſڿӣ٩ģԻ˵ʵΪϷ˵̬Ⱥܲ࣬
ܲܡҲܵġӦΪܵáΪǲ
41. 37ҳۡý忴нǿܱŹģʹн
ˣҲһȽ顣Եһ鱨
ɼʱǺܻҵġָ˵нǡ
顱˵ǡһ顱ì𣿶ýг
֮ӣô˵أǹڼ򵥻
42. 38ҳ³ѸġߺݽУֱĽ
Ǯָۡ㡱ǶʣӦɾ
43. 39ҳ³ѸУ˵Լľ״˵
Ҳûоȹɼ³Ѹʱľ״ָ״˵
ûоȹһ˼תۣ
44. 39 ҳнˮ֮⣬³ѸΣ³Ѹʱڰѧ
УΣһܰ˸ѧУΣӵʦָԼṩ
ϣڱڼ䣬³ѸȺν̵ѧУУѧߵʦѧУ
ʦ󣩡ѧУŮʦѧУйѧСйѧ
ɹѧУȺν̣ͲͬʱڰѧУν̣ҲͲ֡һ
ܰ˸ѧУΡˡ߷˵³ѸǮ̰
ѨӵʦΪԼα绤ɣ
45. 40ҳ³Ѹ̫ˣΪ˱ʾԼܹ֪ʶӣʾ
ʹ³ѸǣҪÿ°͸300
ָǰáǵ˳ƣáǡ˵һ˳ƣ
˳ƻҡ⣬ʾӦáʾΪ³ѸһΪ
46. 40ҳ³Ѹ磬ʵʱѧˡָ
ֻɣʲôСѧˡСѧдһôʣ
˴۾
47. 42ҳ棬һ˼룬³Ѹνָ
ʲôС桱ⲻǹ淶ִĴǡ
48. 42 ҳһ³Ѹ֧Щѧĸж³Ѹֲͬ
ءҵأȥ򷴶/Ը³ѸǷԺƽ/Ըġָ
³Ѹ̬ǡͬǷءҵأȥ򷴶/ԸͲ
Ƿһ/ԸӦ޳ɡǼҵ/Ըǽ˵³ѸǷ
Ժƽ/Ըġǰìܡ
49. 43ҳ³Ѹսʿ˵սʿģ³Ѹ˵
ˣָˡӦǡ
50. 43ҳرЩˣԼԸȴɿĶȥ񶾵
˾ϣಲֵվúõظҴһܡָ
سһţûǰ֮Ӧ
51. 45ҳ³Ѹ˵ǲаҵֵָյʯ
й޷ˡָ㡱Ƕġ
52. 45 ҳ/Ǹ쵼ͼ³ѸһԵˣûʶ
³Ѹľ޴Ļֵֻһʱ嶯˵Ǹ浶ǹظɶð³
Ѹʯָ³Ѹʯ仰
ͨ˵³Ѹʯ˵Ǹ/
ʵָָʾ³Ѹʯʹڲǲȷģ
Ҳ˵ǡ
53. 46ҳΪ˱ʵ³ѸϬıʺ͵չָ
߲ϵǡǡ෴ֻΪ˱ʵ³ѸòҪ͵
չáϬıʡ
54. 53 ҳ任ͷˣ任ѷΪһ
ܵƶȣܶû¾Ϳͻɣƪǲ³Ѹдġָ
ƶȡǸʣָûֶνйƶȡ磺
ҵλԱƶȣһǿҵλйع
ϵάҵλĺϷȨõг۸򡣡Ӧ˵
ų//ƶȡ
55. 54ҳҿǸʱ򾯲ƶȲôܣǸʱ򾯲Ҳ̫Ҳû
и߿ƼֶΣҲ̫ôץ߿ƼֶԷһЩ³Ѹ
ûдĵطˡָȫſڿӵĻ޻̸֮
56. 55ҳĽй/ˡָơӦΪȫ
ơ
57. 56ҳ˵³Ѹ˫صķ//ָǶĭĻ
ͳ˵ǡ硱˵ġ
58. 56 ҳһλ־ķ˹ӵܡָ˹ӵܡ
ʡԭ˵һλ־Fascist(˹)˹С
ִʵ䡷˹١Ϊָ˹֯ԱҲ
˵³ѸΪ˹ӡǿ춫ġ˹ӵܡ
59. 56ҳڴУ³ѸȥһЩ
ԼˡָһЩͷԼ
ˡǻҪŬʲôǲ˵³
Ѹߣ
60. 57ҳ³Ѹ˵⻰Ǻܳʹģ˵ʱֳƤҴ๤ĺ󱳣Ϊ
ڸĴ֮ʵ˹ͷѡָ𡭡
䲻Ӧ˵𡭡á
61. 58ҳҪȥ/ͽָͽӦΪ
ͽ
62. һʱ򣬼ٵĸԾݸĸλĸߣ
³Ѹĸߣ⵽ѹȡָĸߡ
ߡӦš
63. 59ҳ³Ѹ˵̼Ҳѧҽѧȥˣѧ
ҽָǰѾС³Ѹ˵ѧҽѧȥˡ˵
ܡ־ҲûбҪˡ
64. 59ҳǺ̵ĸоȺڵľйϵġָ
ⲻǲҪĿͷ̫Ľͷһ¼
ˡ
65. 62ҳ˵С˵ףдɩɩңһ֪ʶ
ӵңؾͲ֪ôش𡭡ָһ˺ü
ҡӦţΪȲ³Ѹˣǿ춫
66. 62ҳ³ѸźԴ˵Լеİɣָ
֪ףġҡ³ѸԼֱܾ³Ѹ
ƺС˵еġҡ
67. 63ҳôһЩͬ־ˡĻϵսѣǫáָ
ͬ־ǰġġǶġ
68. 63ҳ³Ѹڹ¶дǸǡָ¶ߡ
С˵ı⣬Ӧš
69. 64 ҳսӵģսӵģЩ
ַ֧/ɱѧˣǹ/Ըİѧܶ
д֧˵ЩѧΪΪңǺ
ģЩǺĸεġָСָ³Ѹǰõǡ
áǡ˳ƻҡ⣬˵³ѸԵˡ顱ǶԵģ
˵ĸΡͲˣ᲻֣ô̫ˡ
70. 65ҳΪ˵ʤˣʤӦÿݣ𷢷žͰѻ
ˣָžͰѻˡӦΪͰѻŵˡ
71. 67ҳ³ѸȥǰڵĴҲ˵һҲˡĻָ
ĳ³ѸҽͤĩࡤӦΪҲһˡľ
ڱͬҳҲ࣬Ҳһ¡
72. 67ҳд黹ҪȴĦԷ˼ָȴ˼䲻
Ӧ仰˵
73. 68 ҳ㵽վȥһ·¿һ㿴
˵ı飬֪ǿġָվ·ǹ
ָ˶УǵıҲǸͬģĳһʱο
鶼ϲõģǸʲôأѵһ쵽ǿɥ
74. 68ҳȽһͿԿ³Ѹôʹֹۣ࣬
ܺãΩһȱǻòôָô
һ֣ӦΪòô򡰻ò
75. 71ҳ˾Ƿӣ˵ĺžǿˣ˾Ƿָ
˵ġӦΪ˵á˾ǷӡҲûбҪظ顣
76. 73ҳ仰ǽ춼֪ˣڵʱһһ仰
ָӦΪ򡰵
77. 74-75ҳֻҪ/ɾһ˵״̬߳Աˣ߱
ԣ³ѸһָôʲӦΪ֡
78. 75ҳ˱УţûУôţָ
СôΪšıҪļҵ߼Լ
һ˳УֻɥʧţǸġ
79. 78ҳκһĵʱ򣬡ָĵӦ
ΪĴ
80. 79ҳû˹ģֻһ˹ǾƵϰ
ָʺõĪ
81. 79ҳþûˣԴжϿҼˣҪҼԼȷˣ
֪ȷʵûСָǿ¼ܱЩ淶
Ļ鲻Ūӵظ¡ⲻʽӦ
ӹɫ
82. 80ҳռǡһϵĳ˵ۣҼǾ
ؽôˣָʺӦΪšǳ䣬
ʾ䡣ȻϵۡҲʲôþӡ
83. 80 ҳС˵ҼڶгһضĹ£
ͬĬ̵ķʽˡQѰζĹ¡ָ
̫æˣÿ϶Ҫдǵ֣֪ǲҲ
ģᡱ˵ᡱ϶˵
84. 80ҳĳѹʹʱʱΣָ
ıϰߣΣҪһλʡС֮С
85. 81ҳӲ׼ҹٸ˷ƣQ
Լı򡣡ָơôʲС˵дС˵
оҪQȥɱͷġ
86. 81ҳʱһֽһĻר³Ѹдһ㻬Ʒ
ָĻӦŻš
87. 81ҳźˮӹƷģĿҪǿġָ
Ŀϡ֮ϡûбҪӦɾ
88. 82ҳΪԼûôӣûС˵Լ
˽СָӦΪ
89. 82ҳҽǸʲôأǸЩʤ̫ǿ˹
ģû¡ָӦǡ
90. 82ҳQ˵㱻ӴˡһָǰŴ˺š
91. 82ҳԼ˼۸ˡָӦǡԼ˼۸ˡ
92. 83ҳQǱ˴ָһڿ϶ĩβ
Ӧá𡱡
93. 83ҳֻиܸı䰢Qˣľ״̬ľ
Ա ָԱӦΪԱ
94. 83ҳǶдǳЦָдһá֡
95. 85ҳƽŮ˰һ顭ӵôô
˭ҵŮôô󶼷ˣĻͦߣϡָ
ôôǳ䣬ʺš
96. 87ҳưŽȡ̣³Ѹ޳ָ
ΪģŽȡ棬ԭĶǶš
97. 91ҳô³үɩľݲСָ񡱵ɾȥ
һ
98. 91ҳ³үƺܲãʱ򣬲μӹĻָ
ڶꡱӦΪ롱׼ȷҲꡱ

99. 92 ҳǲҪ³үһҪɩ̸ܸһ̸
͡塷ָ³үɩ̸һ̸ź͡塷ȫ
̸֮ǴʵǴ鹹ĽǶȶǲܵģ³үʲô
˼飬Ҳڸɩ̸³ѸС˵οʱ³ѸС˵û

100. 92ҳΪ˸ԼСȢϱɩø紮ͨ
80ǮɩָӴϻɩˣС˵
ǵδɩø磬Ӧżҵˣ
ɽˡ
101. 92ҳŰܹɩǿаȾƵĺ
ϱɩҲٴعѡָȾƣԭģ³ѸС˵ף
޾ݣС
102. 93ҳ³ү򹤡ָӦΪ³үҴ򹤡
103. 93ҳɩһżȻĴȲֻص³
ǵ³үˣһβǰôڿˣӦ˵ܹȥģ
ָһβǰôڿˡС˵Ӧ˵ǰ
ôˡǡ
104. 94ҳɩһıͨҡչֳģ
ļ֤ˡָļ֤ˡ硱Ӧϵ¼֮
105. 95ҳǡ߽ŵƵȷе˵һ
֮󣬾ûл飿ָȷСӦΪС
106. 96 ҳҡܳԾ֧ţҲӦþУȻҲδأ˭
¡ָԭǣ͸ҲСȻҲδ
أ˭¡Իʱб仯Ҳʲô˵
£ӦҪϡ֧ص㡣
107. 96ҳ˵³Ѹ¸ұָ³Ѹ
ұʾ䣬Ӧʺš
108. 96ҳйļࡾָࡱĴʡ
109. 96ҳΪʲ׼֪ʶӵġҡһȴΪ
ֻЭӱܡָףеġҡһΪСʲ׼֪ʶ
ӡ춫ϲϻ׼ǩʱ⻮
110. 97ҳɩĵ·ϴã֮ʱɩ˵
ָ˵ǰӦӡġ֡
111. 97ҳ³ѸԼܶһдô۸Ͷ
ɻԣ򣬰ץ׳ָץ׳
ǵΪ
112. 98 ҳ֪ȥġԡܶǰӡǰԣ
ȫǡȫ޲ָ˵顱׼ȷӦΪ
徭ȫ޲仰Ҳɡǰԡֻ
ӡ徭////Ҫ쵼˵Ĵǵҳϵı־
Եһ仰
113. 98ҳ³ѸǸʱ򻹲ǹ//ȴ̵ضָ
³ѸǸʱ򻹲ǹ//仰д˼
⡣ǸʱӦɾȥ
114. 98ҳԿǶԴɩھԼ̬ȡָ仰
ﲡҷѽ⣬˵ԿǶԴɩľ̬ȡ
115. 99ҳ˵ɩ֮ҲһؿԸεˡָ
ҲһؿԸεˡӦ˵ҲһԸεˡ
ҲһԾظεˡ
116. 99ҳףһָ֮ףָС˵Ӧ
š
117. 101 ҳǳڵĸʹǾá塯ǻ˵̬ȣ
ôô־ᶨʵ岻Ҫѱ𣿺ܶ˶嶼
⡣ǻ˵̬ȡ仰ҲǺܲġָһĶ߶³
Ѹڡ塷е̬ȿܲһ⣬ҲΪ³ѸҪѱ䡱
ǳڵġѧġ
118. 102ҳԼҲȥˮкͨĽָˮкͨӦΪ
ˮйͨ
119. 102ҳУڱѧҲǸĪ⡣ָ
һеġѧôѽʲô׼жѧҲǸĪ⡱
ģǲǴѧоֻרѧߣ
120. 102 ҳߵѧУǰŪŪǸܿ
飬ʱ򻹷ҪŪɡҪȥŪͤȥд֣
Ǻׯϵġָе״Ρǰ˵ŪǸܿ
顱˵ǺׯϵġⲻǶͬһ£ô
˵ô˵𣿴߼˵۵֤ظù۵֤۵㣬˵
Ͻֶ֤ΰɣߵĹ۵ǡҪŪɡȻ֤ҲǷҪ
ȥŪ߼Ȱ ŪԵĹ۵㣬ְһ
Υʽ߼ϵͬһɡ
121. 102-103ҳʲôִѧأϵĿܲ˽⡣ִѧָ
19191949ǰѧҲ˵ҹܵǾ£Ժ
ҾͲˡָ˵ִѧеĸ֪ʶϵĿܲ˽⣬
˵ùȥǶִѧĻ壬ʱֹѧҲӦ˽
ġ
122. 103ҳ³ѸйһֱһеĻ⣬ǸҪĻ
⡣ָǡǡ˵ˣ³ѸйһֱһеĻ⣬
//Ⱶʱڣ̸³ѸҲý岻ֹᳫģ
ܶл⣬û˵³Ѹһл⡣
123. 103ҳʵĸ￪ŵһʼ˼硢Ļ½³Ѹй
ĺܶת۵Ǵ½һλǰ˿ʼġָйĸĸ￪Ǵ˼
硢Ļ½³Ѹʼģ˵Ϲɣ
124. 104ҳȻˣ6Ѿ˺ܶģǡ˲ˡ
ĶѾָ˲ˡΪδ˲ˡ
125. 104ҳʼһеʶһϵе۸Դ³Ѹָ
۸ӦΪ߸
126. 104ҳֻо³ѸǲһˣǲǴӵѧߣ
ѹϵεȵȣָ仰Ǹ䣬ʺšѹ
ϵ壬ӦΪѵĹϵϵ
127. 105 ҳ֮йýйһε飬
20͡ʮĻˡߡʮܳҡйձ
ձй걨ϸ˼ε飬ǵơָ
ýƲ˾ȣ⼸ҵĽྶͥ
˾档ġǡӦȥ
128. 106ҳǲϲԭѧһ׽³ѸĻѧ
йʵѽڣ³ѸѽڣĿߵִѧ
ֶصʱչ롾ָ³ѸѽڡСѽڡӦʡȥ
129. 107 ҳҴë/ѡǰйĽִʷѧˣҺ
ʱ֪ộΪë//дעÿս۵ʱ䡢ص㶼˵
ָ֪ʷս۵ʱ䡢ص֪ộ췽ҹ̷ë
///ѡעҲë//дģҲӦǳʶɡ
130. 108ҳ³Ѹ˵2030£ַ·˵þ졢
졣ָ·˵þ졢ǽ족СáӦΪġ
һ䣩ٺҲöΪˡ
131. 109 ҳʱ³ѸҲģʵȲѣ³Ѹ
Щϲ˷ȫ޴Χָλ
߼ң ʵȲѡ䲻ϳ棬ӦΪʵȲ
ѡΪʲô˵³ѸЩϲ˷ȫ
˵³Ѹ⵽ΧΪ³ѸԭʣôǶ³Ѹ
˵ӦȫˣΪʲô³ѸǡȲѡأ
132. 109ҳһѩᣬ³Ѹָ̬ѩӦΪ
ѩ֡
133. 109 ҳҽ³Ѹεʱ˵һĲҪ³Ѹˣ
ѧһ³Ѹܸо˵Ƿϻˣйŵ
ʤʱ򡣡ָ˵ġʤʲôʱأй
ɫ彨ɣǹʵֵһ죿ѵǸʱй˵
ر𷢴õһ飬ûʼ͡סˣĿǰΪֹû
˵ỹһֹЧǸڿ׷ӵ飬ǻҪ
ûǡϻǿ̬˷츲صı仯ˡ
134. 110ҳǵĺö౨ý壬ӢߣԼ£
˼ףĳЩӢһɽгɿ///ӡ
ǵ߼ǲϧԼͬھľͽп///ӣ
ǻƼ̹⡢ǲҲǿ///ӣǻսġָ
λֱ¶˿춫Դʷֶ̬Ⱥڴ˲չ
ۡǡԡ дɡġǲʵ
135. 112ҳһӹ񾭼ãڶǴ/ָӡ
񾭼á䲻ӦΪչ񾭼á
136. 112ҳʶָ³ѸĻƫۡԭģʡ
ϵ塱֮󡣣113ҳͬĴ󡣣
137. 113ҳʵŴר/ϵר/ƣǳ˵Ȩﲻ£
ֻлʵһ˹£һֺѱҵõԺ/ָ
˵⽨ֻлʵһ˹£˵ŴʵǺģǲʵ

138. 114 ҳڴ󲿷˵֪ʶˮƽ൱£һȡ
/Ǻõģǵˮƽ֪ʶˮƽȽϴʱ/
þǺ¡ָ⵱Ȼ˿춫Դ/Ĺ۵㡣仰
߼վסţΪߵĹ۵㣬κικʱ򶼲ʵ
/ΪһԶܴﵽ󲿷˵֪ʶˮƽ
ԶǷֲεģڲƸ֪ʶ
Ҳ
139. 119ҳҸڽѧʴһġָһ塱ϵ
죬˵һƬ˵Ϊһ塱
140. 121ҳһûüܺ˼⡾ָܺáӦ
ء
141. 122ҳʵ³ѸǸʱ˼߶ֱܾöܸϲϡָ
ֱܾá˵ִͨ淶ʵ䡷ֱ͡һֱĳʱ
䣩˵ֱڡֱ족
142. 123ҳҷĸĸĺȡʤָʲôСȡ
ʤĸĸʤ˻ʧˣ
143. 123ҳΪĹ۵ȽġִġǷԡ//ġ
רεģָٺӦΪţרΡӦΪר/ơ
144. 124 ҳ͵ɵ̣˻ˣ̱Ǻһ
öɢָڽռǡʱ˵³Ѹд
ռǡҪ¶ƶȺ̵ı׶˺Ⱥô˵Ǹö
أִʵ䡷̡͡ǽָ̻ɴͳ˵˼
жں͵¡
145. 125ҳд÷ǳ⣬û˵ĿŽ/ң
ݺ߳壬³Ѹйһĸְָ³Ѹǲǡйһ
֡ûôһаҴɡݺ߳塱Ͳף߳塱
ָŭߺȣдõŷŭߺȣܴѵ³Ѹһ
İԡ
146. 126ҳ³Ѹʹʹĺ壬ʹǸֵı⡣
ָֻ˵³Ѹ֪һӷĹ춫
ĺһĶ⣺˭˵ʹֻǸֵı⣿ҵС˵
ź־Ͳõı⣡
147. 126ҳҼµһʲôĸоָ¡
Ҫһġ֡
148. 126ҳ³ѸֶָܱܰܡֿǶġ
ʹҪҲҪӡء
149. 126 ҳ˸ҴЦû꣬û
˶û˹ָ仰˵ġû˹
˼һС˵ûꡱ
ѧľӣһѧǻľӣȻڱڿ˵ˣ
˭лб˵ѽ˵˵û
ûˣûпҼˡ
ۡ͡һӡ
150. 127ҳǳǿˣʹûкһ䣬硷Ҳ
ﵽ˼Чʹ˼ϣôһ¡ָﵽ˼Ч
⣬ĵ˵ﵽ˼Ч
151. 127-128ҳ֪ʶӵϣɿǹõ
ɿָһʺӦΪţӦΪ⣬
ȥ¯̨񣬴˴ɸΪǸż񡱡
152. 128ҳÿдһƪ£۵ҪãǺѺġָ
ۡġġӦΪá
153. 128ҳ³ѸһӶûԶԼĺܺãסС¥
ŵʱݳ޵ָĺܺáӦΪúܺá˵³Ѹʮ
ŵʱݳ޵ֻп춫һš
154. 129ҳԾ˵ҵѧңȥУڴ
ָӦš
155. 130ҳܵ˵ܰ³Ѹһָܵ˵ӦΪ
ܵ˵
156. 130ҳĽѧǰָġӦΪ
ء
157. 132ҳкܶ˹³Ѹ˵³Ѹǰںãھ׹ˡ
ΪʲôΪ׹أָ׹䡱ӦΪ䡱
158. 132 ҳǵ߼ǣйΪ/Ϊġ
ġΪͳĻֻҪйľͲã߼ȼΣ
աָ˵ǡǵ߼ҲҪһ߼
Ӧǡϡ߼ġΪǰ⣬Ϊһ
Ϊġ/ȺӣǵΪˣ
ΪġдͳĻģǰ߼ӦǣġΪ
ͳĻǵΪĽǶ˻ҡ
159. 132ҳȻսʱȴȶԷҪݵģǱϾһ
Щʲ׼ң˺ʣ˺ѧеãġ
ŰȵȡָʵϣڰʮǰġŰ᳤й
ѧʷȱϯʹִѧʷˣҲ֪λҡ
160. 133ҳûСġĻ˶Ϊһį˼ңֻ
мįضȹԼһˡָįضȹˡġˡӦɾȥ
161. 133 -134ҳ³Ѹйһִʦǹѧʦ̫׵ѧ
³ѸôﲡأָǷǳƵģʦѧһã
˵ĳ˵Ʒûд֣ûﲡֻܸͳƺоܵóۡ
춫ǮȺѧƷôôӲأǲǷ֤
ʦǮȺҲͨأ³ѸƷҲȷʵﲡģ
֣ҲӰ³ѸĹ
162. 134ҳִ˰ѺԽԽ٣˵ķʽԽԽ٣ԲŲ
³Ѹķʽָ˵ִ˰ѺԽԽ١˵ùȥ˵ִ
˵ķʽԽԽ١¾ܶϣ˵ִѧִ
ǵı﷽ʽӦԽԽḻǣѧǹŴͽ
ûеģӰѧȻҲǹŴͽûеġ
163. 135ҳ³ѸҰݡġ𡷣дһϵļŮԼļŮ
˶ŮָҪô˵Ҫô˵󡱡
164. 136ҳ˼£ܶΪ³Ѹûѧʵġָ˼
ǸĴ飬Ҫô˵˼Ӱ¡Ҫô˵
¡
165. 137ҳΰ֪ӵָӵ
֮ԭоΪš
166. 138ҳһ̵ĽУǻؿָĽС
Ƕģɾ
167. 138ҳһܹЩ˺ꡢˡһȴ
šִڼСϡûһ˿һġѶָǰһ
ӦΪš
168. 139ҳȵ롰İӰսȴûҰݡ
ġܾ͡СŮĲָݡҰݡед
ӦΪʩ
169. 140ҳ˷ŵӵնָնӦΪն

170. 141ҳӡָԭޡ֡
171. 141ҳԵı֤˼άܹ׵ɵһĻϮ
ָ֤˼άӦΪ֤˼ά
172. 141ҳܵ˷ìܡԼ֮Ҳ໥ì
ĻΧʱֳʱʱң˲ì״ָ̬Լ֮䡱
⣬ΪԼֻһ棬˵ڲʱ//ʱҡĶ
ӦΪٺš
173. 142ҳйӦ˽ЩǸҲǵļʹࡣָ
ڶġǶģӦɾ
174. 142ҳʹļͥشӰָ
ӰáشΣøĳɡ޴Ӱ
175. 143ҳԵˣ³ѸָࡱӦһġ֡
176. 144ҳǵʹ࣬һȲ³Ѹôô㡣ָ
ʾ˴˵ıȽϣôΪô
177. 145ҳƥִʵؼǰܡִָʡӦΪ
ѹʡǰӦΪǰǰ桱
178. 145ҳ˽ⷬǲܽһ⡰ġʱΪʲôȫ
̵ֲһ֡ȫ̷񶨡⡣ָӾֲһ
ȫ̷񶨡⡱⡣
179. 146ҳҲûйؽֻۣҵ˼˵һ¡ָۡǰ
ӦáġΪۡʡ
180. 147ҳ³ѸǸʲôˣһڡָһڡӦΪ
һĨڡ
181. 148ҳ//ʱкܶ˾Ϊһ˵
᡾ָ͡Ӧɾȥһ
182. 148ҳܹϷֱȺڵĿСָʲôǡȺڵ
Ŀ⡱
183. 148-149ҳ㿴ȻҶڴᣬȴҪڱ𴦡
ָȴӦ˵ȴ֡
184. 149ҳΪ֪ĶԴڵ̬ǡ䲻ңŭ
ָϵ䡱֮󡣣ظ˺üΡ
185. 149ҳдİQɩҼ̺ƵЩˣ
ҩЩˣ³ѸôдһȺˣǸʷж̱
ָ³ѸôдһȺˡ仰ʺź͸̾ûе
186. 150ҳë//ġ/ۡ/ר
йĻʲôǡѧģģǴڵġָ
ӦΪţⲻʾ䣩ǡӦɾȥ
187. 150-151ҳʱ룬ë//һͨŽˣҲδ
򵥵ذȺڳôߴô˲𣿡ָʺûеӦ
Ϊš
188. 151ҳִѧ߶ԴĻоǱȽģйѧҪ
öࡣǷ˸ѧҲһֱռλǵĹ۵㡭ָ
˸ѧɡǰġǡǶģӦɾ
189. 151ҳйױ֪ʶ׽ܵġָ׽ܡ֮
סӦɾ
190. 151ҳһѡжйļָжйӦ
š
191. 152ҳЩ±ʽָӦΪʽ
192. 152ҳԽԽѧȫ򻯱£ʼоë///˼
룬мȡ˺ܶ࣬۶̬һѧ߷˹һ
ƪ¡ָǰĶӦΪš⡣
193. 153ҳʦ뷨ϵͳø˽ܡָϵͳáӦΪ
ϵͳء
194. 154ҳڵִѧоһܲõķ糱ġ
³Ѹָ糱ӦΪ˼
195. 154 ҳĴ󲿷ƷǺܲģЩƷѧˮƽΪ
ûܹʽܶӶǲ䣬ƪָ
ģ۵ﲻۣߵ߼ǳģûܹ
ʽңƷˮƽһܲ𣿲и߶й
ģҲѧɲŵңˮƽܲɣڰĵƷˮ
ƽᵽʹֶ࣬ǿôԼⲿƷѽ
196. 154ҳ¸˵ĸоָ¸ҡҪһء
197. 157 ҳǻǾ˵⣬ʲôõ𣿺ʵ
仰ӡأľ仰ص㣿ľ仰˵رأָʲ
ѧңΪʲôҪ³ѸһƯԣһ˵ļֵѵû
˵Ư˵Ҳû˼סĻ硰оЩ⣬
̸Щ塱󵨵ؼ裬Сĵ֤Щͬӡ

198. 157-158ҳҸ˵Ĺ۵㣬ʵǵ˵ûкˣʷҲ
ôʵþ൱̺ƵĿҼҼʹ˿
ûұҲô˶ûкʣǲûг¶㣬
ûвԪ࣬û³Ѹûˡָʷû˭
ô˭ǲɻȱġ籱ûп춫Ǳ˶
ûкʣû˶û˶ʷͲʷˣ
΢͹һ㣬ǵǾúʵĹױ³ѸҪ󡣲Ҿòܵ
˵ ˶Ӧ˵Ļ˶˵˶ʹ
뵽˶ĻϵĹײһܱģԪȡ
ѧִѧģͲ۾˵ϹǮͬ˾
ôпޣǾǴƵСޣҿ˵κһ˶
ǼӢ¡뵱Ǯͬũ˫Ļ˶
ô˫Ҫе˲ݵģԪͳ¶ݣ
ʷ干ͬƽģ˵ĸ˲̫ţÿ˵ҪҲ
ݺԡ
199. 158ҳ³ѸǴǸʼʹ˫ʣ˫ʶǴձ
ģǽʹõľ˫ʶձ˵Ĺͣ˵ѧɲ
ᣬЩʶձ˷ġָʵϣŴо൱˫
ʣйҲǴ³ѸǴ˲šʼʹ˫ʡġ˫
ԴԹźһ֮⣬󶼲ִһ˫
ڹŴʹйձͨٴձصйֻ˫
١ܽ顢ѧɲᡱȲǴġ
200. 159ҳǽʹõױעĺҪ塢Ҷʥա
ϵġָעϵ׼֮
201. 159 ҳ³ѸִйһԴʦ³Ѹʶǹѧ
̩̫׵ѧдкܶҶʶҵòֵȥ
³Ѹ¡ָ³ѸǲǡһԴʦò׼ң
˵һˡϲ˵ԵġͷĻû³Ѹʶ
֣д֤춫˿֤йô࣬˭вʶ֡
һΰΰҲʦ˵£Կ춫ۣǲ
ǮȺѧݡһ˵ˮƽ߲ߣ
ٱ˲ʶ˵һ˵еִڶʶҲ
˵ûˮƽƳʫ֮ġȸ¥ʫһ20֣ʶֵ
ʶҲòֵ䣬˵ʫдò
202. 160ҳ³ѸƽĻ硰ϱû·ߵ˶˱
Ҳ·֣ʶõĳָ³Ѹԭǣʵϱ
û·ߵ˶ˣҲ·⣬õĳӦΪõó
203. 160ҳǳר޳ɹɽ
ʿɱָԺʵﲻ̸һ䣬һǡӦΪ
ڡ
204. 160 ҳһܴȽϲѧʷʱ˺ܺõѧߣ
ںܶ෽˿ãҲԼˮƽ£ڳԡָ
ѧߡ ǰĸΣʡѧĶٺӦΪš
˵Ժʴ׻ʫŬзڿ࣬ҲԵÿûȡ
205. 162ҳ³ѸԸŮ˼ǡǡǴ￪ʼںΪĵط
³ѸŸոտʼָŮʡӦΪŮ⡱
206. 162ҳ߳ȥô죬³Ѹ˵ֻ·һǻû
أ㻹ûô죬еڶ·Ƕ־û
־ôأе·䡣ָûءǺ˼
ֻʿ춫˲֪
207. 163ҳ³ѸڡҺ͵ʼաһ˵ġ̸˼ɣҪ
µĲкµľżָżϵ
֮
208. 163ҳȺͷǺֱӵֵⲻͬļʱǿʢ񡣡ָ
ֱӵġӦΪֱӵءֵġӦΪֳ
209. 163ҳٲſ󵨵أνأĻ
աǲ;ôİաָνϵη֮
210. 163ҳ³ѸֵƤǿҵʷб󣬸ֱ
ָµʶָ仰ûб󣬵޴ȴȡ
ֵƤǿҵʷСӦΪƤֺǿҵʷС
211. 163ҳƪ191911µġ꡷¿6ĵ6šָ
ġûʹõıҪӦɾ
212. 164ҳסìͷָǡɵ¡ʥ
ġȨָwwΪʣֽṹ˼ǡwġ
ʡָġ֮ġʡ
213. 164ҳǱǡԼϮصס˺ڰբţǵ
ĵطȥ˺ҸĶգˡָӦں
档
214. 164ҳεġšǷе㹻ĳأָ
Ƿе㹻ĳءӦΪǷе㹻سء
215. 164 ҳǷ˼³ѸƪµͳԽʱ
Խ˶ԾġȨУֳ׷˵Ľšľ޴
ָôʲ֡Ҳ䲻ɸΪֳ
ǡ޴ֳǶԡ˵Ľš׷󡱣Ҳ˵
ֳǡ޴塱
216. 164ҳȴҲ޷ֻǡʱūʱָ
ǡ롰ֻǡͬɾȥһ
217. 164 ҳ󷲴ǰʷС˵ƪһνһһҡ
пҲǹ˵һʷ۰ɡ³Ѹͬµ
ں˵ ̲ǡūõʱȴҲ
޷ֻǡʱūʱΣѲūְˡ
³ѸڶʷеĹ˵ġūԡָλ
תƻ⡱߼ĿͷĻǡʷۡתƵūԡ
Ϊ˱ֻͳһһ仰Ҫĳɣ³Ѹڶʷж
ˡūԡС
218. 165ҳں߶ԣǡɨЩʳߣƵϯٻ
׵ؽһͬڼµָϯӦΪϯһ
ӦΪš
219. 165ҳô³ѸӰĸеġӰŷḻʹ
ꡣָḻҪһġ֡
220. 165ҳ׷ʵ㣬ָáֻƽ硣ָ
ָá֮ġӦɾе㲻֪ơ
221. 165ҳϰԶ볾ûڴľ롣ָϰ
ߣϰߡһڡΪáûڡ롱ͨΪ롱
һķλӦ롱˵ɡ֮⡱
222. 165ҳҲǸӰҪûںڰˡָ
ǸӰ³ѸԭģӰĸ𡷣ǡҲһӰ
223. 165166ҳֻұڰûȫԼָԭ
У硱֮ǰһǡ֡
224. 166ҳǾ̽ĴԶƯֻںڰ
ġָĩġӦɾȥ
225. 166ҳһ·ĵָĵġӦΪĵء
226. 166ҳ㲻ҪôмûкôָԡԭΪ
ڡ
227. 166ҳ뼤ĵһ£һ̶ˮָ
һ¡Ӧһġ֡
228. 167ҳΪûܳеĸֻ߲ۡʰָ
ӦΪš
229. 167ҳСʱ򣬱Ͱ콢˻¯Ļ档
ָ桱ԭΪ桱
230. 167ҳעһ뼤¶Ϊ顣ָ顱¶
֮ӦӶٺš
231. 167ҳϷԵչʾ˸͵ʵָһġ
ӦΪء
232. 167ҳˡ󷽵ĸԼ۵ͬ⡾ָһ
ġӦΪء
233. 167ҳڷּڶָּ顱ϵָ顱֮
234. 167ҳǼִǼݴһʱ
ȱūųָǼ䡱ظӦɾȥһ
235. 167ҳǸߵıѪսıɱūŵ
񷿡ָıɱūŵĲ񷿡ӦΪȱıɱūŵĲ

236. 168ҳ˺ūǿɱɵģɵǱġָӦ
Ϊ
237. 168ҳɵӹȻнѭƻĹ켣ôū
ͬˣҲûסİȵĿܡָסİȡӦΪס
ȡ
238. 168ҳ֮Ϊϣָͬ³Ѹԭǣ
֮ϣϣͬ
239. 168ҳϣ;սʿҪǡָšӦɾȥ
240. 169ҳչֵһ˼ߡĻ⡰
ͯ׷˼ָ롱ӦΪڡ
241. 170ҳͨ³Ѹڡ꡷ϷϵСӸ¼֮
ʮģļȷ硷ָӸ¼ӦΪ¼
242. 170ҳʵʲ׷һ˽˵Ե㡾ָ
Ӧһǡ֡⣬ʲôǡ˽˵ԡ
243. 170ҳ˰ѡ̫ȭ̷ȡ֮ľʽϷˡָ
Ϊ̡
244. 171ҳƩ硶ʦһƪΪĵʱҪҵʦ
ҲԵʦԾӣҪġָġֲ
⣬ƺǶġ
245. 171ҳ㲻Ҫʹ˾ƧָͨáҪ
ֶɾȥ
246. 172 ҳƪӦѧѧ룬Ϊ27
1925ĩ³Ѹˣһñӣǡɡ
ָ 1925ĩ֮⡱ָָƪ£³Ѹġ
۱һģָʱ䡣ɡǰĺӦΪǰš
247. 172ҳɡʵǵǱһѧУɱ𣬶
/񣬿ѧ񣬸Ĵָ֮Ӧö
š
248. 173ҳѪܵʵָӦΪٺš
249. 174ҳܹЧսָġӦΪء
250. 176 ҳ³ѸһУȴθƣΪ
Σӣȴ˵ĳɷִǹŵеġʿ
ǣʵҲ𽥵رʵģڡʿͷϣһš
ָʱӦðãһðſɸΪš
251. 177ҳҡ27ձɱɱָ
ڶɱǶġ
252. 177ҳ³Ѹ˳ˡܿǰڡרţ
ָһˡǶġ
253. 177ҳʿѪׯˡй޲׼ѧڽ
֮ѹ̳֮ںڰͬ־Ѫд˵
һƪ¡ָԭģڰǰȱ֣ǡȱġ֡
254. 177ҳʱѪѪȴһҪޡָ
Ѫޣ
255. 178ҳֻΪһĻšָһˡӦɾȥ
256. 181ҳĬָһ֡
257. 181ҳ걨̸ָʺӦΪţ걨̸
258. 182ҳһ֪ӣ˹ָ֮ͬͬáϵ
֮ͬ
259. 182ҳʵĿΪΣйУƶ
̰ۡҡڼϵʱ˶ձġޡָڼ
ϡӦΪټϡ
260. 182ҳα顤ǰԡָǰԡӦΪǰǡ
261. 182ҳʱ²ӣγȡָ͡ᡱϵ֮

262. 183ҳСƷԹžеָ֡֡ӦΪ塱
263. 183ҳ³ѸǲϣǸʱڣСƷĵĹġָ
ǸʱڡĶǶġ
264. 184ҳ̽йĵ졾ָ˵սѾ𣿺
֪ơ
265. 184 ҳСƷģذףͶǹܺͶһͬɱһ
Ѫ·ĶȻҲܸϢȻⲢǡС衱
Ǹοԣ˵Ϣս֮ǰ׼
ָС衱ڣӦõš
266. 185ҳµʽȻȽϵսľȴǰ
ָ˴ĽľӦŵ档
267. 187ҳ̸ģʵͼкõ⣬ȴѧ
кõ⡣ָʴ䲻һӦΪǡ
Ҫѡȴȥ
268. 188ҳǵֻֻᡰūŶѡָֻֻ
Ҫһ
269. 189ҳΪʲôأָǡҲӦɾȥһ
270. 190ҳϲЦŭɡָϲЦŭӦΪЦŭ
271. 191ҳ޵¶⺮죬Ѫ
ԯĵزʱĿоָĿСӦΪ
ǣģĿС
272. 191ҳ־˵ڱѧʱ˵ͷɶϣ֤ɿΡĿΡ
ָһΡӦΪ
273. 191ҳ־˵Ԥ֧һʰ˰ָš롰
ʱ丱ʣʱǲͬģҪʵȷ
֮һ
274. 191ҳ˵λλҹĽ˵īߡָ
ϡӦΪϡ
275. 191ҳ֮ȴǴûеġָԭΪȴ
ûй
276. 191ҳڡָ˴ľҲӦں
档
277. 192ҳҪǰ˭ûȥ/Ҫ˭ҲҲû
ȥԼָеġءԭľġ
278. 192ҳݡ³Ѹռǡ1932126գΪʦɾһ
ƣָݡ³Ѹռǡ1933126ա
279. 193ҳõӳںɽɫ֮Сָԭõ
ӳںɽɫ֮䡱
280. 193ҳڵգԼҲ桭ָԭģ
ǰȱ⡱֡
281. 193ҳҾøǰūԺ󲻶ãūƭ
ǵūˡ/Ҿáָǵūˡһ²
ãӦʡԺŸ
282. 193ҳռңμҡָʺӦΪš
283. 196ҳü˳⣬ҹڶʵ֮ʱָʵ֮
ߡӦΪ֮ߡ³ѸС˵е
284. 196ҳʱ˵·ȴģ롢üͷڣݵȧǡ
ȦǡüǶ߸ߵͻáе֡°ָ
ԭġ롱ü֮޶ٺţȧǡȦǡ֮Ϊš
285. 196ҳɫɫѧк졢ơԭɫ۵Ļָ
ӦΪɫ
286. 197ҳȫƪɿָӦǡȫƪ
287. 198ҳһһЩΪҵꡱǡߡѰ
Źο塣һԺǡñԼ󡱣ָһ
桱ǰһһ֡һ桱ǰľӦΪš
288. 198ҳСԼǰΪһСܳ⡱Լ
ǰŵһСָĳ³ѸС˵¶ߡԭ
ٺžΪţԡġΪӦΪġ
289. 199ҳд˴ޱߺ䡾ָ硱ӦΪǧ
硱
290. 199ҳߵڵԸӣֱϿҵɫȫ壬
ǰѾ˵һ޴󡢲ɿܵĺڶָڶ
ӦΪţ˵ľӦΪš
291. 199ҳһǡⷳƣ̫ƽİϷָ
һˡӦΪˡ
292. 200ҳ˵¶ߡеĺɫ͸䡣ƣô
ʾаž޴ȡָ䡱ľӦΪٺš
293. 200ҳߵȴ˵һŹȵġͬʱЦ
˵һĺʿָǰһ÷ֺŸʡ
294. 200ҳͬʱˮ̿ҲӳǺɫ˱ɺڣ
յ΢졣ָ³ѸС˵е֣ԭĵĵһ
Ϊֺš
295. 201ҳ³Ѹ硭ֻīɽĺ졢
ڶաָ֡ӦΪ֡
296. 202ҳѲǡ¶ߡ۱İָۡϵ
롱֮
297. 203ҳɫĹ٣ԶĿر־ִѧ
СָȫĽĺǶġ

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