                         ˿µϣ20070903գ

07.09.03, ӡFDAơ
07.09.03, ϡ֪Ե
07.09.03, ɽѧѧԺԺðݴѧɼУ
07.09.03, ŶҽѧйѾ
07.09.03, Źҫҽûо
07.09.03, ¡Ϻҽҩѧںԣҽ֮˼ۡ
07.09.03, 󷡶һʼ
07.09.03, ѰйҽϵΣ7ҽģʽ
07.09.03, lw56102ʳƷܶ಻Եġ
07.09.03, ɡڡ廪ѧĺƸ֡
07.09.03, Ħۼܿ𱣻
07.09.03, ϲ
07.09.03, Ԭ𡶳ӹʷ1ͳԷ
07.09.03, һ޳ɡʿĳƱ
07.09.03, ɡо˼
07.09.03, Ρ˭Ҫѧᡰж
07.09.03, νСֽѧ־Ӧͣ졷
07.09.03, ҡβӦеĹ롷
07.09.03, Ŵй׶¡ı׼һ졪Ԯ˼

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

                        FDA

                           ӡ

    ڻʢٲμһҩĻ飬һҷ
Ͷʹ˾Ĵڻϱ˵йҩй
ʳƷҩƷලֶҩǳʳƷҩƷ
FDAô塢̡

    FDAĿ̣ʹҩһǳʱҲǳǮ
Ĺ̡һҩӿʼз׼һҪʮ
ҵʱ䣬Ԫÿ5000ʵĺѡҩ
ֻ5ܹٴ飬ֻ1ܹ׼С
2006꣬FDA׼101ҩУеĹһ׼
ҩȣȻ̲

    ҲΪFDAĿ̣ʹFDA֤˽ơһҩһ
FDA׼͵õһŷȫ֤ͨѾ
ϸĿѧ飬ܹȡҽͻߵҩ˾
Ҳռгþ޶Ŀܡ

    ǾͲ⣬ΪʲôһFDA״ͬҽҩѧ
ĿѧϵҥһЩҽҵ߼ýʧ̬
ҽȻǰǿڿ˵ҽҽ
顱֮ٴΰڳҽϿɡ̬
ģʵǼΪFDAƵģֻ԰
ԱѡҽѧоԺһλԺʿڶFDAļ˴ྶͥ
иҽҵһѧʵ顣

    ҽҵͼFDAƲųֵ¡ʱ
ʱػĳҩĹѻFDA׼
ʵǣûһҩFDA׼ҩΪƷ
ΪʳƷгġзɣƷ
ʳƷ辭FDA׼УFDAҲ֤ƷԹ
ЩƷƻFDA֤ͬǲʵ档FDAĳֱ
ƷжԳɷ֣ᵼصĶãֹۡ
ûһҩFDA׼ҩFDAֹۣ
Щɰۻơɷֵҩ

    Ҳ˾ãFDA׼Ϳۣζ
ҩĴãʵȻûоFDA׼ҩ
ͲҩͲܽҽƱϵͳڱǩ͹
ܹԤƼFDAļලƷûб֤ҽһ
߾Ͷгҩԭװۣ
ϸ˵ǷǷģΪǩ͹涼ܹԤƼ
ǷӢģͿܳԹ˾ЩгҩӢ
ıǩӢĹ棬Ҳζǵ۷Χֻ˽֡
꣬гһıƷҪСöࡣ

    FDAǰҪҩҩʸûУҪ
ҩǺϳɵĻᴿĵһԳɷֳ֣ɷֵĻ
Ϊҩ룬֤ÿɷֶǷõġҩ
ĻԳɷһᴿǾͱ˻ѧҩνҩˡ
Ҳ˵ǰFDAǿҩҩΪҩʸ
ҪȻҩ֮ӣͬһҩڲͬĲء
ͬɼʱ䡢ͬĳҡͬһҵĲͬΣ
ɷֶͬȫͬѻԳɷᴿ
ܱ֤ҩҩЧĿɿһҽҵʵҲͬģ
ԼҲԹڵҩǰãҩЧ
ҩ

    20046£FDAֲҩƷҵָϣ˶Բҩ
Ҫ󣬲ҩذѻԳɷᴿؼԳɷ֣
ҲҩǱÿѧаοյ˫ä
ٴ֤䰲ȫԺЧԡԣ˵FDAӲҩûе
ˣʵFDAԲҩ˸͵ı׼Ҫѧҩ
Գɷ֣ҲҪ֪ҩ

    һЩгҩݴٴ飬ҲΪЩг
ҩڹڵ㣬ơ׼FDAٴɡһΪ
ѻFDA׼ˡʵǻ׼ֻǳٴ飨һ
ڻٴ飩׼żֻܵͣҪFDAҩ㹻
İȫԼɣΪƷۣұΪҩ
ʹãȵȡܹ˵ҩİȫԺЧԵ
ٴ飨ٴ飩Ŀǰһҩ
ͨٴ飬ȻҲûһҩFDA׼
ΪֹΨһһֱFDA׼еĲҩƼһҵ¹˾ģ
̲ȡҩֳࡣ

    ڽûпгҩFDA׼Թش
FDAأȻȫпܡпܻͻƵǵζ
ҩǶζгҩFDAҪҪҩ
֤ÿһζҩǱزٵģѶҪöࡣڡ֤ʩΡ
ҩΪûй̶䷽Ǿ޿ܱFDAϿɵġ

    ĳгҩFDA׼ҲζFDA
ͬҽۻҽϵֻǳĳҩг
ҩҪʲôʲôú͸ãִҽѧ
飬ִҽѧС֤ʩΡ
ʹӦ

2007.8.14

ù۲챨2007.9.3

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

֪Ե

ߣ

ԱﺣӢͬǷ˵
Ǹųơ֪һҲ֣ϰһƪ
ΪͬȨľ˳˵ƪֻʲôֵ
ǾʾﺣӢ¼ıʣﺣӢ֡ۡģ
ڽ̡

ķһƪֳתĨǵìܡ
رתĨǡǿģΪһƱͬͬġߡΧ
׷ǰһﷴԡͬġڵֵܡ½أܵ
̫࣬ı߶첻ȥΪˣתĨǵ۱ﺣӢ
ֱ۸ֵͲ⡣

ƪĻڣġͬ¡Ĺ۵ûи
κ֤ΪʲôͬǲµģΪʥ˵ǲµġΪʲôʥ
˵ǲµģǲµģΪʥ˵ǲµģǲ
µġûзش𣨻֮߳Ϊش𣩣Ȼ
һ֡ĻǺãǺѽǺáķʽġ
ıʣҲǾܾ֤ݡһԵر

ҲʹǸ˺ͳ˵ȵĻ֮ͬˣ
һѭ֤ΪǳģԲ˵ģΪͬǲ
ģ֮ܳΪµģǲµģȻͬڲµ
ȻȻȻ˵ġ֪ʶӡ
䡱߼ȻĿ˲

ڻл˵ͬġһ֪ʶϵ񻰡
񻰲Ϊͬṩοǵ
ĵĿѡ֮һε񻰡ҵ֪
ҲרңҲһϼۡ

ǩȻ˵ѽҲˣ൱޳ܵĻش
ѧ֤ǡ񻰡ôܾ֤ݵԻҵ֪
ֱԳ֮Ϊ軰ָһڽ̣һرɱ
ĵν֪ʶӡ˵ʲô߼֤ݵĻأ

ַǳĿơȰԼģȥָ
νġڡΡ֮˵ʷ
ԵļֵͳͻƶȡҲιҶһָΪ
ķϵļҵ˼˵ͽҲ޳ɶһͬߵκ
ڵΪǿƣΪԹϵǵԵģµԹϵԳģһ
ĿѣǶ𺦡˲ӦΰԵġǵͬ
߽ҪὫǵĹϵϷҪڵϺͷϽ
ǵͬӹϵ֮ΪҲҪһԵļʱһڻ
ͽڹϽԡͬκοԡ
ΪҲǶҵһֹǿơ

ȥĻʵܼ򵥣˵ľ1һһƵ
ǾԵļֵ2ͬϷǶ˺3ͬǲ
µġҲƪġ

ˡԡ˵ʵǡԡ
˵һϣһԵļֵһһԽ
Եı׼ôūʱǲҲҪ˵ū
ֵڷ⽨ʱǲҲҪ˵ȨǳԽԵı׼
Ҫǣ־ԵѵûнĿԣ潫Ҫᵽģ
ʥУʱҲű仯

ֻ΢˽һѧ֪ʶһҲ֪һһƵĻ
ΨһĻʽҸǾԵġһơһ޶ơȺƣ
ЩʽڣһЩطǰв١

˵Լһһ޵ĻԹϵĽ綨Ҳ̫
˹̹ͬѭܵʾ⵱ȻǶڽ֪ʶ֪ʥ
вᵽżƵĵط磬ڡǡУҮͻ͸Ħ
ȢһŮӵĳʳ·úϵ£Բɼ١21:10
ⲻһƵֱɣҲһּӵϿɡΪ
ĦҲһޣһλʵŮӡǵǰǾ仰⵹Ҳ
ȫܡ硶ǡ˵ҲΪԼɣ
ƫаҲΪԼ17:17ɶ˼
һλϻǿԵġ

˹̹һȢޣݵǹ˹
ǿ²ܹƽԴ¶ĩǿǰõŮˣ 
Ȣޡޡޣǿ²ܹƽشǣĩֻ
ȢһޣǵŮūΪ㡣Ǹڹƽġ4:3

˹̹ңԭּĦŽͽȻʵһ
ƣĦŽ19ĩͷϳһƣ

˵˵Ļۣͺʹ˵һһʵ
֧ͬ⣬ȥȡĳֺϷͬȨȥ
һԵķ硣ô˼άʵǡ̺һ˼άѹ۵㵱
ʵͬ˵ֽʱϢԻѹ۵ʵ
˵ɼߡѹ۵ʵƭ˵ķ˶
ʵôͶƱʵҡ

ڣ߼ӦҮͻĻۣ
󣡣˹֣ڶࣩĻۡǼĦŽͽڵҲ
٣Ļۣγƺǣ ζ塰ˡ˳һ䣬
˵ۡʲôۣ˵ۺ˵
һ 

ҪǣͬǡһԵķ硱һһƵȻҲǣ
ΪһƵĴڡһƵ֧߿һһƺϷ
ǺϷԵغϷҲǡͬȨȥ
һԵķ硱˵һֹǿơˣ֧һһƺ
ġ˼άʵǡ̺һ˼ά

һЩȡһЩʵȨͬûҪֹ
ʱξͳˡ̺һ˼άȻʵϲһ
Եķ磬Ҳһһ޶ԶżƵķ磨߼
ȻҲǡһֹǿơôҲȥע⣬Ҫڡ
ϣþһҲͬϷң
ϣͬϷɲڷһһƺϷɡ

ͬľ˼ά˵ΪʥΪͬһ
ڻͽͬϷͬǽʹ
·ȣָͬͬʹģ㲻
ʹࡣͽĹ۵㣬һǿаѲҪ·̲
ȥСѧ

ΣΪʥΪͬһôͬ߾͸ñǴ
ôʥ˵Ƥĸ˵ҮͻҲ
ʥ˵Щ޳ۣΪģǲɳ⡱м
ͽ˲Ϻ˵һԭּͽǺ
ģΪʥʵ̫Ľɣൽʱܱ

Կ¼ȲǾԵģҲһɲġʥ
ͬ˵ǸԽԵı׼˵˹ϣŮ
һǶ˿£Ҫ20:13Ҳû
˸ڸʵ

Ϊͬһԭ༫ԭʼʱдɵһ飬
һ˼롣ңΪӵ˼ڶ
οʥĳһ˵ôΪʲôһ
˵߼Ͼǻҵġ¹Ҳҵġ

ͬͬǵµġһĿ
ΪĻ밴һϵı׼жϣôͲ
ͬϷġǿơĳ̶ȣϷһһƵġ
ǿơĳ̶ȣңڸϣһһƻϷĴڲȻ
֮ͬҲˡ

Ҫ˳˵һ䡣ɴ̨֮ѲѲĲ
̫ˡԱߣΪͬͽ˼
Ӫ˱ĥΪʲôҪɴأϾ ӡ
δǡĽǶɴһоȫҮͻĽ̵

ȷʵһѰζ֮ͬĵӣν
Ǵ𡢳ۻǸжԳΪʶһרڽ
1.0棩ĵһ׼

(XYS200903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ɽѧѧԺԺðݴѧɼУ

վ: ˮľ

http://www.lingnan.net/news3/shownews.asp?id=8973
дɡ200715
ְ֪ͨ
ΪѧԺԺ
ԪټѧԺԺְ

˵дѧԺ֮Ժˣ˸ӹĺ
Ժȥ鿴һԪڹھѧ绹һλģ
ҾأӦòʶˮƽѧλܸߡ֮ǰдѧ˵
ǼݴѧɼУڣȻ˵á

һ룬˶Ժ⻪˾ѧһֱȽ˽⣬ǳԺյ
UCLAѧϵйһλڣ̺ھͱ
ѧԺȥ޺ȥӦþѧϵΡ

UCLAѧϵʦҳڴˣ
http://www.econ.ucla.edu/contacts/facultydirectory.html

googleദӶд
ݴѧɼУڡɽѧѧԺ 
http://gz.house.sina.com.cn/news/2006-06-23/2588603.html
http://news.gz.soufun.com/2006-06-23/739872.htm

ºͿˡֻgoogleYifan Wu¾ͻȻԭǼ
ѧɼУCalifornia State University, Los Angeles
http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/lwu7/lwu7.htm

UCLAɲ̫ԶһЩȫCSLAͨһطѧУ
ѧʿĿûʸ񿪡ѧУӢۣʵɡ£UIUC
ʿҵ13ˣ¼¼һ㣬ںܶڡҲرѧ
λ

֪ɽѧ֪֪Ժʵɽѧ֪ģ
ԸԺдɡҲ˵ʲô
UCLAڣɽѧҲǺȫְ

λԺǼѧɼУڣȴ
ǼݴѧɼУڣʵڲܲѧܣ廪λ
ٱҽѧԺеһȡ
Ҫ˵ýǵĻôȴĬϡ
ٿѧԺMBA棬ٷҳҲǺȻ

Ժ缶ʦʣСݴѧɼУѧ
ۿƼѧhttp://www.chemba.com/teacher/index.asp
Lifan WuݴѧɼУڡ
http://www.chemba.com/teacher/chinese.asp

˵֪ݴѧɼУֻȥĬǸӶȻ
Ҳö֮ãԺUCLA̶÷ùָν
ͣ
Yifan Wu, UCLA, USA
http://www.lnimba.com/academicinfo.asp?id=504

дѧԺڹڱ൱ô˵ͨ
ѧ¶ʵԺδǰʵڿǡ


(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ҽѧйѾ

ߣŶ

ҽҩҽҩ۲ݡʵ
Ѿҽҽҽҽһҽҽľй
ɫҽѧѾγɡйҽѧǡתƷֵ֣ҽ
ֵҽѾˡ

ҽʦпҩĴȨеˣѧѧ֪ʶ٣
˵ʲôҩ΢ѧˡν֪ηЩ˿
ҩشʹÿ

ҽҲпҩĴȨÿڵгҩƬ
гǧ֣¿гҩȪӿֶȡر
ԡҽ˰̲ǾСһššҽϳ
ӲǾСνҡҽϳʯǾСʯ
йҽǣ˶Ὺҩرϲгҩ˵ҽԺ
ȥҵҽţ͵ҩڣȴûغüгҩ
ҩ£ǶõţܽҽĿ¼

ϰףҽεģԵʲô֬ҡ
νҡгҩа𣬲Ч
䵽˶ܰ

סԺʱҩע͡ŵ˵ҪΡ
øȴٳٲϻơѯרҽش˵û
ΡһδʲôҩЧرࡣнתøҩ
ֻǸı˻ݣԸ಻ʲôʵϵİϻƣ
صĸߵҩǣҽȴҪҩע
Σתøºſϻơϰ׶ΣҪʮСʱ
ˮҩע֣˵ǡǿ߹ܡʱ򣬼ʹ
˹Ч벡к棿

ɴʶйҽִܵͬҽѧл
ϣѾѾ˺ܶࡰйԪء

õҽһ꼸ǧڵҽҩ֧Ҳõжٲ˱
ҽͺ˵ҽƣЩ۶ڡһָͷһ죬ΰ
ġйɫҽѧҽѧΪȫܡĽ
ѧϰȻҪȫ硣

ҵƣǧ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ҽûо

Źҫ

ҹŴá1979ġԴû¼
ʡǰʫʿGԺšɽˡԼһʫ
¼󾫻¼žйʹõġ

1940꣬ëĻ裬˶ԴйͳĻ
Ҫ޳⽨ԵɣȡԵľ˵ûкܿȫ
С1949Ժ˼ȫѧϰë˼ĴѧУ
ʲȫ

»ֵ䡷ѡΪĲ֡Ͱѡ
ԴʣûκΰᡣԵĶδؾǺöߵľ
ʹ˸жȡ־аٺһ档ҽȫ
ֲľôáΪľͨǰȫĺҩӡ
,ľͨľᣬᵼжǣҩȫ类
ֹʹˡźǣй̫ľɱ˵ľû
˵㹻ëʹõġԴʡǰѡɡ
͡Ϊá롰õġЩȲǡɡҲ
ǡĶʲôֻϵĻȡ͡ɡ
ַǷǡëû˵ڵѧҲûϸȥ׷

ǰѡɡ͡á롰ʹõʱ
ɱҪ漰ֵжϡ֪ĻΪɵ
ڿǡǡΪĲ֣Ļбɾ
Ķڿ󲿷־ʷĿ飬ֳɵԭΡ
ڲͬҽļֵжϣǿһµı׼ȫЧݵҽ
Ǿк桢ҽɡ

Ժʿܡ߿Ƽҵı༭רʱ˵ҽ10%
ǾҲ֪ġָʲôҲ֪õʲ
ôļֵжϱ׼֪ǷѾҽľ

ȫ֪֮ͽԼһֱ֪߳ܵسһ㡣Լ
̫֪ԵʣΪֹһ֪ҽͷʲôġҲû
ҽóֵصľҿЩóġ
ԽԽԣҶԺ۶ϡҽ10%ľǳֻ̬
ȵġ

ڡĲ֡⡰ʣʵں
ҳҽĲ֡Щ˵СͲҽġר
ƷȻҲͲҽľˡ֮⣬ҽľʲôأ
˸١ԡ澭֮࣬Ϊ
ҽľ𣿷֪ЩûȷԵ̸
ȷеҽѧ塣һЩңҽѧ岻ȷĶʲôʸΪһ
ҽѧأжҽ޾֮һҲ

ڡá롰ʹáʣҽľ
ǵȻ޴ˡϤҽ֪Ϊֹû˿ҽҵ
ϸļƣɿϷԼ㰲ȫЧҪҽƴ
ʩĿǰΪֹѾ͵صĸҽҽҲûпĸҽ
ҽǺҽеҽҽ񲻸ҽܰȫԺЧۣȫһŹ
֧ͺϹҽôкõġأ
жҽ޾֮ɶҲ

Ƿɡ͡Ķַڡ͡ɡ֮
⻹нڡ͡ɡ֮ĵ״̬ұ˵Ĵжϣ
ҽߴԼ1%ҵĶбһ۲ļֵ˵Щҽ
ȥЧǿԶġЧй۲졣ǣδϸĹ۲죬
ЩЧķ˵ɡʮϵġ

ۺͬڡҽ󲿷ɡжϡ񡶻Ƶ
ھļҾѧһá˺ڻ
дɵҽ伮ǳͷβﳹĻɡһ
۲ļֵûСһණֱӵؾͿӵӵԽף
ԽѸ٣ԽáǣҲͬڡҽ10%ľ
ϡĿǰΪֹһûзҽʲôֵü̳кͺġ
ҽֻС͡ɡĶַͬΪҽԼ1%Ķֵ
ȥһع۲졣Щɱһ۲ĶʵذΪ
ɡһߣܼææǴϡĹƭˡ

һԱ֮ҽ99%ɣûодԼ1%Ķбһ
۲ļֵҶҽжϡ

˿Ϊ1%Ĺ̫ˡʵȻ£

һҽ伮ƪ㣬1%һֹۡĹơ

Ķҽ伮֪ҽ伮г˺ұ񣬱ǧ
ƪһɵĻ೭Ϯһ320ֵġݸĿʱԼĶ
ɣʣµĶǳ¼ת˼ҵġⲿܹ32ǧֵĶֵ
ִ˽һ۲죬Ѿܲˡڴ֮⣬ҲһЩҽ伮ȡݸĿ
иһĹ۲ֵ硶ԭۡͼַ鷽±ࡷ
ȵִοֵͱȡݸĿǿжϣ۳
ҽ伮еĻһ໥Ϯظݣܹʣ1%Ϊһ
ĵλĹѾǺܸߵˡ

ڶѧǲϽġʵϣҽѧѧѧ졣ҽ
ΪһִͳҽѧĴͳҽѧһŴͳʽûн
ֲĶ̭ȫġװױͺձ̭
̭ͩ͵ƣǿѧһѧҽѧ̭ͳҽѧҲ
һɣκҲ赲˵ġһԾɶ̭Խ࣬
Խˣ˵ҽ1%Ķпɱһ۲ļֵʵ
Ƕҽִֵĵ͹ǡǡ෴Աŷ޺ţ䶰ĹŴҽҽ
ֻʷоֵٱִŷ˹۲ʹãʵڻ̧
ҽ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

йҽҩ2007615Ϻҽҩѧںԣҽ
֮˼

ߣ

˵ѧӦðټٻţӦһɵĻ
ҫġҽҩĵｲΪȻž֮
ǣϵƪ»һĹҽ磬ǲ
ܷġҲ˴ԶڡҽѧѧϷˡν
ҲҪеھΣͬͬ˵ԳѸϵл
ĻҵشףﶼжĴȡ

˵˶һ˼˶ġҽϴĴۡ
һѧ˶Ϣٹ·Ӱ첻ͬǰ
ľйȡҽϵ⣬ڱ۵ĽΣҲ˵־
Ϊתơ˥뷢ڿ͹۴ڵʵΣ䷢չһʷ
ΣͱضӦĽǰûִҽѧѧĳ֣ǲ
ôѵʶ䴫ͳҽѧҲĻķչ˼
ǧꡣһȽĻɵ̭֮֮٣ִԲ
аٺһ档

ˣȨˣҹĻ硣
ҽѧѧѧһƫڸ߿Ƽձ鷢չı
£ǷǴôƫһΪνڡ߼
˼ά⡣ƾһԡʲô˼šƽϢٷչ
صĿѧ˼

ҽִ͹ִƼáֻҪڲڣʵ
ǣͻסʧȥҽʧȥ˾ҽǾ񰡣Ҳֻ
һ˵ģͻʲô߼ѽҽĿѧ˭
Ҫᳫľ񣬿ݾ񣬵Ҫᳫѧȴ
סͳִľһʲôںĻĻ

Կ͹ʶԶͣһˮƽϡѧҲһԻ
Ѿ֪ͬһɣϵǰչִҽѧ
ѴȫĹʶ๱֮ԶԶǼǧ괫ͳҽѧĻɱ
ġ

ҽѧҪִѧΪ׼ؽΨѧ塣ѧԾ
Խ

ٴҽѧҪСӽṹҲܵݣû߼ϵ
˵ġٴҪҵܵĿ͹ݣҪ
ϵ˵̺ƹ̡

ûСϵͳҽ֮˵̸ֹΨһӰϴձҲȫ
ϿִҽѧԺ󣬹Ҳŷġ˷ֹŻкġ˺ҽ
֮˵һ˼ѡ

ͷʹҽͷʹҽţֻҪκòСҲȡӺϲ׽
̸ǿ

ʵѧĺǶġһ߼˼άҵµӦ˵
ѧǶģÿſѧضġרһĺ塣

ΪҽǴʷӡпϣĴͳѧ̬Ӧ˵ͳĻ
ͳѧʴ䲻֪κĴͳĻж
ѧѧȷĳɷ֡

ٴҽѧȴԶԶϿѧı׼ٴҽѧѧܸѿ
׼ͬġѧӦϸ塣ٴ˵۸о
Σʶ顢þĳɷͷҽܷ׽͹۵ġ
ĵһϡҽܸ¡ಡϡ
ˣ˸оܺãǾ´󼪣𣿳ײʵ
ĶļǻߵԾ֢״־Ȳ
ٴܶǸ 衢άöһȻν
ڡͬҩȱõҩЧҪáĹ˥أ˭Ҳϼ
ҩ߷áڣǶǿѧߣǶ֪ǵǣ
ҽѧͳĻѧڽ̡ѧԵȸ
ЩͿĻ޺ˣ򣬻顣ΨѧʺȻѧ
ǻԼԡΡϰףǵ
ԣǼܱܺлڷɣԸԼ
ø߸Զ

ѭ֤ҽѧһѧƣٴΪ߶̬ȶ
ȡһֲȴʩǿ͹۴ڣϿ͹۴ڣͱضп͹ݴ
ڡ

ͳѧʣٴҽѧվ壬ϸڡ磬ϸĤλı仯
ѭ۾Ĳװã

ѧԳֽѧķֶΣγԼķ
ϵ仰ⲻ壬﷨߼ϵĴ󡣡ϵѧ
˼ͷҽ۵ɴ˶Ǵӡνڡ߼˼
ά洦Լͳҽѧиģ߼ҵӰӡ

ҽˡҽˡ񶾵޿֣
ɵġ˵򣬾޹ؽҪˡνڡԴͳҽѧ
۵ۺܿ͹ۣ˵ҽ˺Ϳ

ʵüһڣνھͺܻԼɡûȷ˵ҩ
ٰȴ˵ˡܶ˶벻ҽҩȷʵرһЩ
ˡ֢ˣǾβپʱͳϰڡҽ
ҩΪһҽӦúô¡ҽѧѧĿ⣬
˳ˮۣƾͼѽٰ߹һλ46£Ϻ
ٰߡʮλȹ3-5ꡱ߲һûпɱ
ԡ

˭ǽȻҪ˭ġҩˡһܴг
֪Ҫ˲ˡǷأָʲôǽ

ҽлĴͳĻΪҽѧѧٴˣͱ
ִҽѧѧı׼ۡ׼ۡ׼ʲôô
ˡע⵽ˡνڡŴõ۶
ɿᣬûˮѽ

˰ҹġҩעˡԴġҩƷԼ
ԺˣйгƭǮ˾С

νҲˡҽķչƿֵ͹ȵԽԽ
ߣѧĽʵأαѧһ𲽵


ʮһ˽񻰡ǰ
Ȧʮĸ֮Ул֮ҡΪǧƾõʷ
ʱ̫ݣӰ̫΢ˡʮĸһ˵ר
ĻضʱضĻȺضα֮ɡԴ
ڴͳҽѧۣͳҽѧлһֱ񻰣Ϊˡ
ЩҽѧµáҩЩʳɷֶԲЧ
ĻǷǡ˭վΪ硱͡ѨλĴ֤أ
ҪĿչۡгֵٴʵʲ֮˵Ƿǣ

ҽִ͹ִƼáֻҪڲڣʵ
ǣͻסҶԴͳҽѧ۵ӡǣĵ޻Ψ塢
ϡζѧķ֡ϷӹĹھ顢šԭʼ
ƭˡˡѧҽѧµڽ̡Ի˵û
޲Ϊպ˵ľպĹҵĲռéӲʺռ
˴Կѧȥѡѧ˳㿷ԴסԽѧԽɵ
ѧ˼ά˼άҡ߼塢һ޺岢͡ſڿ
ӡ񡢺󼺡ʦͽˡҽ
ˡ˷ܺѧ굽һ֪ԼʲôҲǡ
һũũʵϹߺߡѧλкЧӦҽѧ
ڽѧĲ
200792

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

һʼ

ߣ

һһϰͿʼʼضյɲν
ʼȻʼܱEmailṩ̻߰õFoxmailˣ
żҲ©֮㣬ⲻһƪΪ֤ͨθβĵʼ
ģ[]Ϊݣö֮شڰռС

ʼһɾ֮ϸĶ֮ȴȣ
Ϊҽƹʵĵʼʵ̫Цˣֵһ

[˵ʼͷϢʡ]

⣺֤ͨθβ

ؼʣҽ,β,Ҹ,Ӳ,ʯ,ʹ֤ͨ
Ʒأأ
[ǡ֤ʣáƷ̾ȷҪ
Ҫð֤ķա˵ʵǾӦϵ
]

ҽҽѻᲡأ֢ȴŴ漣زо
ߺˣ
[ǴҽҽռƸߵ㣬ʾʼ˲
ҽҽ]

һλ᫵ҽѧе·ʼռͲϣ򶥷ʵǵˡ
չĽ죬ҽѧϹȥһЩ֢أҽ
ǰδ⣬򲡡ҸΡΡӲ֢
..³ֵĵļǵ䡢С̲ǰ
Űۺ̨ĶͯԭܵĿ̫̽䲡̫
ղֻΪС
[򲡡ҸΡΡӲ֢Ĳǵ䡢С̲
䲡̫ղһѡ֢оѾ
ˣô˭Щ֢ľأżǳ]

ЩУκоѡ˸εҸθӲε
ʯʹ)Ŀ⡣
[ǫ飡ǡκоܴ򣬰ǽо
⡱רңСεҰǾҶ]

ҽۺʵϣٴҩΪͨƷ۵㡣
[ۺʵϣһȷۣǿ
͹ҡĽ죬ԡֻǰͿͨƷ۵㡱Ʒ
ǹ۵㣿]

ɹεϵҩʳƷҽҩ֣FDA
֤ùר顣
[ϵҩڹʳƷҩƷලûҵƵġҩ
׼ĺţGoogleһ[2002]ʳ׼0094šģ
Googleһ£ʳ׼֡90̨һй涨䷢
ԴʳƷıơ仰˵ʳƷǣ
ôһƷ߱ʳƷŶ㲻ġԴʳƷȻԳ
ʳƷϣҩʼʳƷҽҩ
FDA֤ùר顱Ū˭أ]

μֵġͨƷΡҽҩ֮⡷ٻ
97׽ҽֻ𽱣ɫҽƴᡢҽϽɹ
佱صȽ
[97׽ҽֻᡱGoogleˣʲôȨԣ
Ҳûڶ죻ɫҽƴᡢҽϽɹ佱ᡱ
GoogleٶҲû¼Դֻ˵GoogleͰٶȹªš]

йҽ䡷йѧߴԡȾ¼ҵҽҩ
ѧᣬ۴ͳҽѧᡢ̩ôӢȴͳҽѧƸ¡
ڵ
[ͷʵûоһһ֤λȤ԰æ]

εĻиεܽʯܽʯ򲡡Ҳ֢ס
Ӳΰߡ
[﷨ͨ]

β˵㼣ӹųĸ￪ŵĹݡڣӻƺĸ׵
ݵȴкڡǡĵ㼣Ļߺѡۡ
š̨塢ĴǡôҲҽκõĺͬ
[﷨ƨͨ]

ҽҩо  
[ϵ绰ַϢ]

[ǣʵҺֱ˵سƭӣڡƭӡ
ģ壬Ϊش¡Ͳˣλ
¡]

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

йҽϵΣ7ҽģʽ

Ѱ

20034ڱϿһ򱨵˵ĳӪҽԺԻ߽
ǩԼƣ߲֮κˣǮûþͲеĻ
15ǽԴϲν֮ǩԼơģʽҵʱ֮й
ΪĴ¼ռ

֮ǰ̽˺ܶйҽϵĴʧƣƶδ˲
ɻΪȷҽģʽȷֶڿѧѧƵоԱ˵Ǻ
֣ʱԵòˣҸԸҽ˵ҽģʽ
þѧԡŵҽģʽҪôùѧ˵ǡҽ
ģʽ

ҽѧԺѧϰʱһˣһȡһλѧ
ʦ̸̸ҽģʽʱϡͿøޱȣѧ
֪ʦʱ˸ϡͿͲݡ
ôһα棬Ҳһν

ʶڿѧڵش뷢׶Щ
пޣײоǳѶеƶϣܶʱ
򲢲Ҫרҵ֪ʶʶ߼۵άһ

ʵϰʱһߣѪѹޱȣԶԶֵ
ĸޣûκεĸѪѹ֢״ѹҩҲáҵ
ΪֹҲûһʲô״֮Բ˵һδ
ʲôˣǱʲôֵֵ䡣Ѫѹ
ֵģǲģôأҵһˣν
Ҳûн׼ǹ涨ķΧҲԤΧڵļ
Щ˲ǵѪѹȡ󲿷ˣ90%Ƕ٣
겻ˣѪѹΧΪΧѪѹֵ壬˵г
ֵ쳣˵ֵԶѪѹ쳣Ŀ
ֵΧڣѪѹ쳣ĿԾͺССͲ
ƱнȥƱнĻȴСÿͬԴδؾһ
Ӿٲʤ٣׸ˡ

ҾѪѹӣҪ˵Ķԣѧѧӣ
ֶԻ˵ԡֶԲѪ
ѹ˵Ĵָ꣬ҩķӦչ̣Ҫͳ
ѧҽ£޷ѧһѧ
׼ȷϼԤ

ٱȾĳϸҽԷϸ֪ʲôĿ
УͬһֿضԻ߼ЧҲпڻҾȫûЧ
ԭǣĳ̶ֳϵĺЧӦҲﷴӦдڡҩƷҪ
׶εʵȷİȫЧԣԭ

Ϊʲô˵ǩԼģʽһ޴ĴأΥǶԼԤ
֪ҽƷǷ񣬶ļУ糣
ĸðҽûа취ģ߻ǩԼģʽ
ǲҽǶڴ༲ἫŤ϶õ
ԼҽѧѸٷչĽ죬вཡǴԼЩ
Լ޷ģ⡰ԼҲ޴𡣼ʹǼԼ
ҲдزҽĿƣ综ߵӪ״̬٣
⡰ԼΪľ׶ִУ𺦽ҽ
ʧ롣Ϊ³Ѹβһλҽ˵ҽβǩԼ
ģʽһ֡

ص÷Уٴμǿһҽص
֮Լκ˵ĸǮûκõĲǮΪĶԣ
һֲ˽ᱻΪκˣһûκáҽûл伢ı
£ǰΪûκõ˷ĳɱתƣκ
˵ͷϣҽƼ۸ǡҽ߽Ѵʱ׫дһ
Լͬгһ佻׳ɱҽƼ۸پǡƽɱ
֮ƱҽʧܴҽҪ߸
ֽ֤Ҳ˵ۺϿԭ󣬹˿𲡵Ľ
޼ҽ±ڻ硣

ǩԼģʽȻһеҽƷģʽķЩ
ҽԺһʱѪǰĿǰ߶ҽϵʧȴε
֣Ǯ˻ģǮĵ֤

ŵߣѧ˿˼ۼҽ
ƻеĲȷԡҪʲôǺʵҽģʽǻ
۰ۼһҽƻص㣬ϢĲԳԡϢ
ԳԼ֮ǣ߶ԶҽΪࡣϢĲԳ
ǹ㷺ڵģ㾡쿴ӣԵӻ˽޷޵ӵıȣ
޷ӻĳȣȴżĵӻ
һ֪ҲҵʵԱΪΪʲôϢԳ
ҵɴ⣬ҽҵȴأ

޻ԤΪҽص֮һΪԤҽ
ƻص㣬ֻһʶҽƻȥ̽ʲô
Ǻҽģʽҽרŵ½̸Ԥ

ϢĲԳƵҵеͶΪʸ߼ۣͶΪ
ӵϢҲӵиϢõͶ棬Ϊټ
ϢĲԳҵԾûΣСԭȲƷ
ľγɵƷʶ̶ȵؽϢԳƵΣƷʶ൱
ӳ򷽶Ʒޣ޵ӳԳͨ
ϢȱݡƷֱṩƷʱ֤ۺ
񣬼̶ȵؼϢͶΪ

෴ҽƻУĲҽƽĲȷԣ߽
ܷĽûбȽϹ淶ϵη֮䶼пȱɱԣ
ߺ̶ܴäĿؽơҽƻһǿѣʱ
ϵĽԵҽƻĵԣҽƻγɴΧڵľ
ҽƻٺܸߵľɱỹʶؼҽƻ
ľγҽƽ߳ɱϢԳ

ǰҽƻڲӳɱĻṩƷʱ֤ͬ
ϢԳƣûֺΪҽԭ򣬻ҽ
ҽƵĽҽƽҲͲۺ񡣶ʵϣʹ
Ϣ죬ĳһĳһεĺ˵һҽҲ
жϡ

ǰҽƻеĲȷԽϣҽƻеϢԳƵĺ
ǺصģҽѡԵṩϢûǱҪķ
ƷйҽƻҩƷܷиߴ50%ϣҵĹ
30%ǲҪġ˷Ǿ˵ġҽҽеȡ
ۣҽΪ10%20%ĻؿۣҽԴ˷Ǿ޴ģ˷Ѽһ
ԶԶƵ30%

ҽܱ֤͵ϳ˳̬ҽƴʧܵӦ
еĳͷΪҪʧڸǴʧҽṩĺ񣬲
л档ҽѧѧԺ϶ҽƴʧÿʧ170~290Ԫ
йҽƻ£ܾݻԶһݣܴھ޴
Ԫ˾ѵĲࡣ

ôȻ£ҽƻο˷˵ϢԳƼ
أҪ̸ĺҽģʽĺֻǾֲĺ˵ֲ
ţзǳǷȱȷһڹ˵ҽϵһϵ
۵ռĿ꣬ǻԳ԰뻯ڳʶ
̽ʲôһȽϺŻҽģʽ

й˶Ϥһ仰òҽҲǻҽѧ֪ʶ
ϢĲԳԡ־ֲΪһΧǺģĳɷݾ
ڻ߶֪ܸõҽҪӵ
ҽѧ֪ʶԾҽĴʧΪεˮƽǾͲˣ
ֹԭԴ˷ѣֻΪԼεҽȻһ˷ѣ
һǶ˵δ͹ҽѧרҵĳ̶ȡ߲ҪΪҽ
ҪϢѡҽϢõЧʣҪҽҵ
ϣԺרŵ½ҽҵڴֻоҽģʽ
֮һӵжҽӵϢ

ҳũ壬ɵǳһ㣬ʱĻľ
ȥˣͻķˣһڣÿٵһ׷˾Ϳ
׺Ϊϸȣˡ֮ܶӪ
ҾƣױרҳԲҩҩⶫǵ͵ҽ
ͶϢԳƵΪûҲβҽ֮ΪҩĶ
ΪʳԲ⣬ҽǰϢԳͶ̫еͽ
ͽڻҽǻƵģҽҪϢͶͬ
ȥгһңҪǮǰҽƻ
гѡ񣬶ȻҽҩԴκһʱ޵ģΪ˷
ԴҽΪ10~20%˷ѵ100%Դѡˡ֤𡱵ķʽ
ҾòöĻҽƽġˣҲ˵Ը֧
20%Щܱҽ˷ѵԴֱҽӶȥԼ
ҽҩԴȻᱣ֤ҽӵͬͶʣˮƽ
ҵߵ档

Ͻᱣ֤һ£ҽƻ֯ʵʩһ£
ͬǡȡˡϲ٣˻̰
ôϡʲôٴأйһ
úõĴʣҲܿᱣ֤ϣԡ֤
ҽԽӶΪǡʿṩ˿ԣҽ
һҵƵµߵ㡣ҪҽиеΪΪ
ĴĿģҽͶΪĳɱΪһ¶Ǿ
ѣԶڳ˵ĵǴΪʲôҽһΪǮ棨Ǯ
ҪƽǸǮȡġ

ᵽҽģʽ֮ҽҪʿҪи
Ǹڳ˵ĵҪǵͶɱ仰˵ҽҪᾫӢ
ĵλӦȻȻҽ

׻˵վüģ·ң֪ǰƷͨ
۵޶Ϊ֪òƷĻᣬӶϢ
ԳƣҽƻУΪҽϵ

ҽϵ˻ҽϢҲΪĶҽ
ĵҪ˸Լνףİ˿
󺰸߼ۣˣȴҪЩȥҽԺȶҪҽԺ
ûйϵеĻȻҪһµġͬĵҽģʽҪ
ڳҽϵһ㣬˵йûСԺĶҽ
ֹֻиķҲٽһˡ

ͬǰۼģѧҲֱκˣҪĶ
ˡʿҽᱣ֤𣬿ܿסǿҩ͵
ϵĳ嶯ⲢЧطֹǵĴʧǳȴܾӢ
İҽѧϰ볤Ҫҽƻĵ
ͬ顣ͬ鵼ͬѹҽΪϸĺϺ
ҪԴ

Ҳڸ㷺ķΧ̸ͬ顣ͶƱҪעˣ
ǶԭҪ˵棬ҲҪ˵棬
Ķѣں棬沢ڶˣ
ܶʱ򶼲ڣνپ˼
ѧ־־ĸͬ飬ͬ˥ܣ
ͬڵйѧѧĲеġרҡҲʹ
ٳɷ磬÷ӵææΪʲôйѧλ˵һı˵
SCIΪΨһĿѧɾ͵ָأΪȱͬ顣ѧ
չ죬ͨѾûˣжĳѧɾ봴ıҪͬУ
ѧλȱƣͬеӣ־ȡͬ飬
ֶ벻Убһ򵥵ָΪʡµأ

صҽϣҽ뻼֮ϢԳƣ֮ͬ
ԳԴͬҽ֮໥ලٽֻͬ
̸ᣬȻϣ𵽵ãôҪͬ鳬Խ̸
ǾͱҪһȨȨҪ̸ĵҽ
ҵҼ졣

йǹҽƵĸĸҽ⣬
ǿҽҵȱλлҽѧȻһְֻй
еһľżһľżйҽҽѧҵ
ȵģΪռҽҵЭͷȴκҽҵЭְ
ʵκЧԪᶼǹϵҪҽҽҲ
Ҫ뻼ߣڳԶһµģκһ涼ᵼ
ϵļԴĲãйҽѾվΣķ˿ڣл
ҽѧʵ˷

ҽҵҼ죬ҲҽҵҪִչ֤
趨ҽҽƻΧΪҽ帣ԣٽҽƹƶķ
չҵԣٷԤӦһķ䡣
ĵʮּ򵥣ϵԤо޴ɱ
߸̣ǮԺȥˣҺգҵʱ
ɱԶСԤӦѡҵԤ
ΪִվˣȻ޴ģΪ⣬60־Ǻϸ
ҽˣȻ޴ģõִҽѧѵȴҪȥУɣҩ
ԵòֺǣȻ޴ģҪȥ

ʹоٵԭ£һȫҽȻҽ
ϢԳ״̬¶ҽƴʧûге㹻ΣΪʹͬ飬Ҳ
δִܷʧεҽҲӵͬӵеϢơ
ԭطҽƴʧϢԳƲʧΪĻɱ
оʹҲиߴ90%ҽƴʧ߷ߣ
ûкϺѡ񣬵йϵҽƴʧģʵԹ
߷ҽƴʧĻʱͷǳˣ˵ģ붼ʷǳӵģ
ЩʧҪǧټƵڸǣҽΪ´ʧıΪ

ҾΪԺطҽṩ˾ѧҲϣ
һߣΪҽǺҽǷǳڵͶʣʹ
һϵĸĸﱻʵУйҲҪʮ꣬ʮ
йҽƻõĸơҽѧܶʱᷢ
ĴʧҽѧѧԺı沢ΪдʧǿԱġ
֮ûϵרҵǡġ

ҽطܻἫ̶ȵͬ飬Ϊҽ֮ͬ
ϢԳƣҽԾܾṩϢԱһַΧ£ͬ
ܻʽڿչϲҽֻ̽ҽõ
ɳв˵δ˵ͷ˳ͻ£
ͬʾͷǳҪԻҽɳеͬӦ
ʵܷͬɱܳΪҽ֤
ݡַɵķѧǣûɣ֤ݾͲ
Щ֤ݵĲֶҽɳδ棬Էɱҽƻ
ΪҪ

ڵĶ򳤾õĶҴʹ˽ҽģʽ
ҽģʽһϵµĹؼҲòгʱۣ
ڴ˶ԴҵıʾлҲڴСһǿҶҽģʽʶ

ҽƵĲȷԣҽƹеϢԳƣҽͶΪ
ѵ¾޴˷ѡҽģʽӦ

1ṩ߱ҪϢжҽ

2ṩᱣ֤ҽʿÿ춼жһϣ
ԣ

3άֳõҽϵӻ߶ҽ֪ѹ

4ͬ飬ٽҽ£ɳ

5ҽҵҼ죬ҵɣҽĹɱ

6طɱҽƴʧΪĻɱ

ȻһжеҽƷ񣬶Ļϡ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ʳƷܶ಻Ե

lw56102

յ˷ӵġѧɾͽʵڷ˵ò
ſ֮һΪұ˾ͶԱƷƭʹҲżн
¶ʹƷΪⱾҪΪ˸˿ġ

еĺܶ۵ҶͬҾⱾһҪʵ
ǱʳƷ˳Եģ͵ġſԵһ±ʳƷ
ߺʹߣźܶƷĽ˲ԣԵ˲
һйеġĻ֡ܶƷǱƷ
ܵѡϾͲãĻġĳЩͳĴ
šڲֻ***үү̡Ͱ̡ȵ
š

й˵ʵǰ̫棬ʵѾ˶ַ
ʵĽơ翿£ϵӮ˾ѧ
ȵȡҪﵽʲôĿģӦֵƷƷļ
ͺҪ֪ʲôʱһ䡰ͽĿںţͱƷһ
ʱСܶΪƷƷ书֮е˺ܶƷֵء
Ʒֵй¥еļ۸һҲⲻ˱Ϻȥר
תƣװĺͨɢװĺμ۸󣬶Աʵĵһ
ǣ˻ԼԣֻνĽڲΣԼ
ξͿˡڲΡɲ֮ÿļ۸ﵽǧԪͬ
ͬ幹죬Ӫֵܹôôÿѧɾͽ
ҲΪǳ

Ļϸй˵ڣ񱳺ķ׷ӵǱ
й˲ڱƷϱףҲҪƷƷϸҪĳƱ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ڡ廪ѧĺƸ֡

ߣ

ã

ͻȻ֡˿վͻȻҵ֣92գ廪ѧ
Ƹ֡  ߣֳ еǳȺͷ߿ŭ֮ԱҲ
֪ʲôĿģǵ÷ǳСĿġÿƺַ
ˡƽַǳˣҪΪ绪˵ˡ

ֻһƽˣǾԲһȥѵˣʼ
ַ֧ѧ١͹۵ɣԸȫල
Ƕ˺ҽɵȨ

ӭҵһУ˵䣺

1 еĽ֤֤ļMIT䷢˻֤飬ӻܺÿ
ҲǷģӭ飩
2 ǿķкܶۺأҲϱʵɿ
3 ٸƪҵ(Ƿϡֳ塱ͬ־ϸ׼)뵽
ɣԺᱻSCI¼ģ󣩡⼸ƪģֻҲǵһ
ͨѶߣĨɱˣȴҪףҲա
4 õ־ԲSCIݿ⣬顶йڿ
ãԼרĻã¼öϸ¼֤
ӭ顣
5 ר˶ٹףԼ˵˲㣬רĺ
ʵ廪ѧر༭ʵرӭ

[1]	Xiao-Ming Chen, Song Cen, Xiang-Rong Fu, Yu-Qiu Long. A New 
Quadrilateral Area Coordinate Method (QACM-II) for Developing 
Quadrilateral Finite Element Models. International Journal for 
Numerical Methods in Engineering. , published online: DOI: 
10.1002/nme.2159. 
[2]	Song Cen, Xiang-Rong Fu, Yu-Qiu Long, Hong-Guang Li, Zhen-Han 
Yao. Application of the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate method: A New 
Element for Laminated Composite plate bending problems. Acta Mechanica 
Sinica, published online: DOI 10.1007/s10409-007-0088-z. 
[3]	Song Cen, Yu Du, Xiao-Ming Chen, Xiang-Rong Fu. The analytical 
element stiffness matrix of a recent 4-node membrane element 
formulated by the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate method. Communications 
in Numerical Methods in Engineering, published online: DOI: 
10.1002/cnm.953.
[4]	Song Cen, Xiao-Ming Chen, Xiang-Rong Fu. Quadrilateral 
membrane element family formulated by the Quadrilateral Area 
Coordinate method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and 
Engineering, 2007, 196(41-44): 4337-4353. 
[1]	ׯ,  . O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor . Ԫ(
5)2ѧ. : 廪ѧ, 20066.
[2]	ׯ, ŷ,  . ABAQUSԪʵ. : ѧ
, 20053. 
[3]	Ԧ, ־, . Ԫ. : 廪ѧ, 2004
8. 
[4]	־, . Ԫ: ԭ. . չ. : йˮˮ
, 200110. 
[5]	־, . ЭԪı귽. : 
ҵѧ, 20009. 

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

Ħۼܿ𱣻

ߣ

ܿ𱣻һģȻ֮֮ؽ
ʵ̺һ⾭Ҳ⵹δں𷨡֮ع⡣йʷ
ֹ񻰡ͿֱͿ֬Ĩ۵ؼİãգ

Ħйʷϡʽд񻰴˵ۻʷ
ʵϣĿģ塣ϸǹԪʱ
йϵһӡͨɮ

ӡ˳ʦйʷڴĦ¼ļأǶκf֮
Ԫġ٤ǡ֣Լ䣩ġԱ
м򡻣䣩ɮһĦֻ
йһ·ߵйѧ˵ɫǡСҪʵ
ޱڹΪͿͷСνڽϾۻ
棬ﲻϣȻһέɽĴ˵Ҫƴ֡

ճ룬ʷϵĳ¼¼ŵһ
ķλ˵ĴͬʱĸʷӦôŶԣ
ֵǣʵȴټҪȵ͵йˣ⻰ð
ԽӵԽࡢԽλɫ˵ֻһͿˢȥ
˵͡

ӡ˳˵Ȼʥʴ𡣶Եʱʮͣʦ˵
һùȻ򹫰ΪĦ۵ʴֲй
ˣ⻰Ǻеġ

Ħ۵ĶԻȷʵܺܺõزҪ壬ִΪʷ
ׯóԢԡӦ˸ȥĹΪ
۷չʱԹʷеĴ죬ûбҪҲӦĵһ
ҪԴĿʶȡġ

ŸᵽĦ۲򣬱ҹǶѶ
ҹ׷ϣĻɽʱɽͻȻպϣסӣߵͷ죬ɽԿ
ǿͨ⻰һλС֮ڣ޻˵ֻá
Ħ׽֮ڶʽᵣħơӦԻֺأƽƽ
ĿɿڴȻһλ̸ɮɽס֣˵˵߾ҪôǷǳ
Ҫôˡ

̸һۿȥûвıҪ˵ĳʶжϱ֪
Ǻ˵˵Ȼһǲ˴أ֪Ծ֮
ôûӵǰ³УҪΪ⣿Ǵ
ˣѵ˵³ѸһĹ£һũ峿
뵽ʺģ϶һѹͽУ㣬һ
ԡ

ŸȾЩĦ죬ȻΪ˽¡غгɽ
ʷϵҪλϧɽ»ʷϺһ
ԺŸԼҲϡɽʷ˥ȱʷϣĿǰ
˽䡮 

ֵĺܣĦһέɽѾûӰ¶ˣƫ֮˵
ڶɽ̫ƽסꡣйʱϱĽ򻮷йŴ
ʷͼ http://home.olemiss.edu/~gg/hstrymap/lishidit.htmɽ¿϶
ĽΧڣȻʵ϶ĵһȥ׷Ħߣ֮
δĦԼƤסҲ޾ٶǸţоĹһ
ŷ

ȻĦסɽ£½ɽµ㡰ͥĸ
աοͥĸ֣Ҳ˭ܷġݡл̰ٿȫ
顷Ľͣĳһ֮չشϵ֮ԺΪͽ
ϿߣΪ֮ͥɼҪ˳ƺţҪ
ĦһƨסɣҲϡ

֪˵дĦھꡢڡյӻۿɵҪٴ
ڱ£ԽΪͥǴ⡢ϵġ
ɽ£ǰѾ˵ˣἰἰʱҲʹĦ޸档һ
򲽣ĦסҲûйʲôΪκΪĺۼ
ôͥأ˵ǴĦס֪ͥ
ͷеĺķģĦ㼣鼰й֮ݴ֮Ĵʦ
Ƕнżʮĺúˣ̩ԺӦͥأֵĵ
ɽ³ưԡ

Ÿ˵ΪйĻͱɫһɴй
￪Ͼڵķء֮ͨİ仰߼ô
ҿûҪؽɽˣӦؽ۵ĹŶԣΪĦ
Ҫġ޹¡ȻʥԻǷ۹ѽ
ɽһϵûС

бҪ˳ἰǣŸᵽڡƻԪָ͡Լ¼ӦΪ
ָ¼֪Ǽߴ˱סֺû˵ȷ̵伮У
¼йضɽʦ¼ڹҲ۾˵Ϲ
¼ʦмǧˣᵽɽʦֻ1ˣݶɽӢ
ʦʷֻһ򹫰ڵĴˣ
ĩʧˣʱɽټڵľݵ㣬Լˣʦйϵ
޷

ʵ1500ʷʲôڴĦʦͥиı
ͬĵı綼óҫ˵ǧ򣬲ӪֶΣҲضλ
еġռһӦáλᵽĳƷҪóɹͨ
ֶֹΣߵǽȷƷһӡҲ
˵ĳһƷóǮԺĵһĲƷ紴
һ˵뵽ϡͬʱҪͨʾյ
жϣ磺ϲơ˵ǵơƿϴġ
ϲȡơƲû˵ӵơƲϴģ߻
ΪӵơƲϴġһ鱮µıʲô
ҪµĹż϶ɽ¶ӣҪһҶĿģģ
ؾñ±»˲á

ؽɽʱȻ񻰹İװּϴʲôһ
ΪôҵĿҲԶΪ
롢Ϊ˸ʲôͥķФӡǲԶ
˵ģǴüĿ̬졢ɽͷҰģĿ
ڵǮǮǮˡ

йʷϺֵһǣһ̴ľϿʼٵò
ʱǰȣһڲķѧȴ߱
·ⲿΣҲҪ𺳷ˡֵ53.1׵Է𿪹֮ʣϣ
̵ĳԡ

һţ1500Ͼɽ½ؽ 

λϾֿڵĶɽʼڹԪ503꣬ʦĦһέɽ
פڴˣΪڷء˽⵽ǧɲؽ±
ʨɽ޽53.1׵ʯԷ
£ϾвݿŶڶԶɽַڵؽпŷ
ֳ˳Լ100סԼ6סԼ1.5׵̽ש̵桢ש
ǽשˮżˮԼ10״оˮŶӴˮ﷢
һԼ40׵שͷԭӦðڽܽǡɽ
ʷϹģӴСɽš֮ƣŽŻȱϣ
ĿǰȷƬżδ
ݶɽסǹⷨʦܣϳ۳ڹԪ503ΪһΪ
ɮ޽˶ɽ¡Ԫ526꣬ӡȸɮĦ3꺣Ư㶫
ʹ߽ӭ꣨Ͼ˵ĶԻΪڹĦ
۲򣬱ҹǶѶҹ׷ϣĻɽʱɽ
ͻȻպϣסӣߵͷ죬ɽԿǿͨ˰
СɽΪ塱ұСĦ
ϵʱѴĦ׷ϣέɽȥġһ
έɽĦɽסڶɽ£ɽʨӷһͻʯ
ΪĦҡ¡ڴдĦʯʯϴĦĵۡƺ
ɱ档Ħڶɽס˶ʷȱֻ֤ĵط־ˡ
ס3꣬ɴ˿ɼΪйĻͱɫһ
й￪Ͼڵķء
ɽʷ˥ȱʷϣĿǰ˽䡰
ƲⶨɽʢӦΣڡƻԪָ͡Լ¼ȷ̵伮У
¼йضɽʦ¼ڹ1954һɽ鳹׳
ǧ¡
Ŀǰɽ»Ҫżһºɽһʯ
дĦһέɽͼĦԲۣڶɽ«έ֮ϡݽܣʯ
Ϊ80ټ32ֽƷʦΪĴĦ񱮣ɽ
µʦҪ120ꡣ
һΪɽµġ׿Ȫ˵Ħ˼Ȫˮ׿أȪˮ
˵Ȫˮ4ңʯ׿¡
ϤζɽؽͶ5000Ԫռ100ĶָĶɽ½
3ɫһڷأĦйصżѭϳ
ֵšĽۣ޽Է𣬳53.1Ϊ
֮Է𰲷ɽͭڣͭһǧҶд
13.5׸ߵͯ

ɮĦ
Ħ֡ۯEʡŽ־ڤšͨ
΢ѧ֮˱ԷർξԽĩֱκֹ
̡[]ʱϹʢ뽲ڡէŶеۿɡ˶ɳš
ں־Զ귨[27]֪й顣Ѱ֮ءѽӡ
侫ϻ淨ǰνڹҲǷνķҲ˳̻ӡ
ǷšȻ;ҪΨ֡νҲڡź
ͬһԡͳϹʡα档סڹۡʥһסƲ
̡ڤȻΪҲͬ㡣Թߡ޵
١᱾ĩ޷֮Թԡơ
಻ǡʶҲʱΥԹҲԵߡ
ҿԵݵ¡񷽵֮Ե޺ϲ֮СʧԵ
Υ˳羲ڤ˳ڷҲС˳Դ̰š֮Ϊ
ʿ׷ΪתԿ˭ðԻԿࡣ
ҲƷСԾ֮ҲĦԴ˷κʶ֮ʿӷ
¼ھ[]һʮꡣλΪ񲻲ա

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ϲ

ߣ

    һֱôϷʺǴӹٷд
ġ쵼......

    쿴˷ӵ£ˡСоִһôһ仰
ǾͷҪµĺˡ

    ˱ȽϲԻع⣬㵽̯һҲɳΪС
ˣŪؼҺһʰǶǶ⡰оϣȻ
ִСˡ㿴˲ǡһԡء

    ǰǰԷϲǶáԡд´ˮսô
Բԡأ

    Ϊˣܶ˵СоִСҲѵá
᳣ʶҲʵٵÿЩ˶ãҲô

    Ӹ˵ѹҲʵСΪٸѹҲп
ԭ˵ĶҲбɹٷĿܣҲ̫ԩв
£¹šλ껹޳𲻴

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ӹʷ1ͳԷ
ѧߵһα

ߣԬ

06ļżȻټҽ̳һλѧ߽³Ѹ˵³Ѹʵ
һܽʵݵˡһ³ѸУʱ
ܸ˵˼ܶǮȻ챨ֽ˼ܶˣ³Ѹµ
Ҳ͸¶ˡȻҷǵõѡȫСġ
αġũ³ѸԼ˵ǡǡ෴ѵ³ѸҲԲԵʱ
ѧ߷ֵʲôķ֤أǣڡټҽ̳û
˵һ㣬ֻǺŵϽȥ̳ϵѧ߶š

ҵúܣҵʱʻൺ˳·ݷһλһѧߣᵽ顣
˳óţдбϱС硢ԬϿҶӨ
ѧ߸诵ȡ̽⣬лָʧȵȡһ
ױʻغܸжʱͷԷȣָأҲλѧд
˷ţѯ⣻յʱʾĵַ˹ȥһȥ 
ջϲţ뺣Ϣ

ʵҲʱһʱȶѣĿйѧ磬ֽ
 νѧҲ˼̶ѡгǮǺ
һе߱׼ѧҲǹҵģô⣿

ҼλѧߵֶˡϢô󣬸
ĶҲ̫ˡǣ07괺ϿһģΪĿС
ࡱҲſ˵µൽôȥݲ飬뵱شѧ̸
µʱѧӦýͬǣ˼ôش˼˵
ѧҲҪ³Է棬һŻͿʮ

ԭˣ

ֲйѧڽ˼滰ͬͱǿӢ
ۣԭйĴѧｲ滰Ҫôĳɱѧֻòˡ

ͲǶ˵ܻҪ ôҪ˽ֻʵ
ʵĽҪ³Է̨ʾǵˮƽ³ѸҲ
˻ӣɣ³ѸҲһġˡ

ң΢עһ£Ƶ۵ԽԽ 

³Ѹ³ѸǱ쵼йɹë󶫳Ϊ
ҡ ëоԡͳԷһ
ŴˣɹˡȻ󣬿ʼйƽˣ
 ڵӣͳԷ˸

³Ѹͱӡ

λѧ˵ʷǸӡ

Ȼ

ȥҶû˽滰ġ塭ֵ
֤һӹסʵõìܷչıʣνѧ
ءɣֻһζһôȥﲻгֻ
ԲŰˡôʲôϣأ

Ǹë˵ԶŽᣬŽڣЭŽᣬŽ᲻
ڡԣٴǸѧߵʣϣα⡣

(XYS200903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ʿĳƱ

ߣ һ޳

XYS20070816ѧίԱ0.01%µ桷ᵽĻ
ƱٴαżȻ

ǰһӣסķһλ·ͣǹߵʿ
ĩһȥĶȽ磬һ죬˰ҳȻ
ʱƱ۸λֵ˵ίṩǵĻƱ7000࣬ǰ
ұԼĻƱ3000ࡣҶ˰졣ͻȻ
˿ǰᵽͬ͵飬һ¹Ȼˡ

Ϊίֺչ˾ĴͻΪѧƱܴõ
ۿͨȻͨ˿ͻҪһѧЩѧ˵͵
͵ĳϮʹ۸ݣЩԱַӳ޼ɵ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

о˼



дǰĻ¸ڹȺΪȶоȺΪ
չ

оԵαӣ

 йоƶǸŻ⣬оշߵĸĸе
ȵ㣬оȴǡ˼ǣоϵĸĸУо
ΪûзȨģҪշֻܽǮ;šǰãҷ
ԼĹ۵㣬ӦҹоĴˮƽ֮һЩҲԼļ
⡣ͬģҲзԵģǺ£ܱĮȻҪðɡΪչйңй
Ƚ϶࣬оȴױӵġԭܶ:

1оһȺ壬ڶоûΪԼάȨоҵ
͡뼺޹ءˣʵϣұ˱ҵ겢ѿʼָоˣ
2оͣڱҵѹ£оԴȱŴ
ʷ¸ߣ
3йҪȺҪ룬ҲʦȺ
ʦЩȺĺһЩ

Ϊʲôйоѧѻ

ĿǰйġоѧѣҪԪǮձȷ
˵йоֱ̫ҸˡˣաʹӦö
շѣŷϵ

𣿺ǡ趨һָһ£˾
ѧҵоռоıȻûȷ
ͳݣձӦñйߣҲֹһ㡣ΪΣΪй
о䲻ѧѣϾҪӹ족ˣҲûþ룺

1йоʵڳе̻ԵĹҪΪʦʵ
ΡָʵϰﵼʦһЩȡû߹涨ӦΪ֧
оӦıꡣйĵʦϰоЩ쾭
顣ûѵܰ͡ʹҡ
оҲãйвͨеĵʦоԼĹ˾
˽ЩоΪԹصѧˡЩý˵
ˣʦܸоǮҪרָоѧ⣬ǡϰ塱
͡͹֮ĹϵˡԣҪҪоо
⣬ЩʵĹڱʦabuseйû

2˵ҹоѧ𸲸խСҽѧǮ
󣬵Ǯ١ҵĽѧȴ󣬵ǳ
Сйҵûкܺõѧᷴᣬ̧ͨԼ
ڸУѧĲࣨڷҶԣУĶһЩһԺУ
ͺˡУĸȻխоܹ뵽ѧȫ
ѧѡѵԱоѧҵˣѧƶо
һãضԶǮ˭ҵУѣ

3)һ·򹤡оýѧڿһ
оԵ̵Լй⼸·ھо˵
ͨġˣֻСҶȥˡʵǲܵġѧУʦ
⡣жойԱѧһȥ׬һǮٻУ
Ȼѧƶеģдú

ձƺϼ;ǿеģԴġŬġһо
ҵԼĳ·ٸŬйоͨŬ
;̫ͨ޸ƣҪѧѵоֻ
ƶ

оշߴì

оϵйģʽͷҵģʽнϴĲͬҲӳһЩ
Ĳͬ1ŷģʽרҵͬշѣͬʱĽ
ѧṩоѧҵо÷ڷ
обϣ2йģʽ:շѣٸÿƽһ㡣
ĺڷܵĲڵģҵĺĿ,ǵģʽ
ʼתˣշѿʼôоշߴìܣҾ
Ҫ

1)ͳһʶбҪоھԶ

ȫбҪǰǲȥ׷ʵҪ1)о
ΪȺ壬ϵĹĸȻǲʵġҲѧң
ţܻоȺһѹ2) ңʹһȺϽ
ģʵ׷ϽĳھˣǷԻģ
ʽ3) ûȷеݣӦÿţĿǰ״оȺĴ
Ӱ졣

2)й˿Լо֧Լ

ȫԡҵͬһǮоҪ
Ǯ100ңũݡ˵ɳһأ92ڡ
ô100ڣ뷨ƽ塣벻ʲôޣһ
԰áĽѧо̽͵
׬ȡѧصľѣнô»оĿо׬ȡ
оĿҹı˼·ѧȫоȥ򹤣
λ֮ӣ

ˣѧաҲߣһ֣ѧѷһ֣ҵ
һ֡

оĹ۵

1*ҹоˮƽͲߣʲôѽ*

Ҳұ֤оˮƽȥˡԿ϶ߣ
ˮƽ»ĻȡҪΪоȥˣˮƽ
ˣǳɷȵġ

2*йܶ࣬ĸȺ岻ȱǮѽ¸ڹ˸ѽ*

 ȷˣоʲôȺ壿Ⱥ壡ԶϽĵĲ׷
ϽȺ壡дѧѧȺ壡еҹһ߿Ⱥ壡
Ⱥйδ˭ܽǽ¸ڹˣġĿǰ
ͽоȺ塣ѧǵһ¿ѧоҪȴ
ʵݡ

3*оѧ̸ʲôѽ*

ȣоѧһʼй׵Ⱥ塣ʵҪÿ
ţٺͰ˹̹ңоĻΪ
󣬻оļͥѹ¸ڹ˵ĺ϶Ե
оѧϰˡ

4*оãֲйе*

ÿȺ嶼ڲϵ뾡취Լ棬ÿ嶼ͼԼӵ
Ⱥ塣УһЩȺûκξƵģ
Ҫᱣ¸ڹȺΪȶоȺΪᷢչ
оأһȫ󡣸ο
ҵоȺкܴԷչйҡ

Ϊоڵоʦоϣһ
ЩשҲһЩĽȴשˣש׶˲ã
ҵˡȻҳ˿ӣשͲˡ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

˭Ҫѧᡰж
ӡʦУʦҪѧж˵˵йҵı

ߣ

ݸýתء籨Ϣֱʦѧʵʩ
ʦԵ㣬ʦ֮һѧǰ£ÿλʦʦ
ܵУһױţΪܹߣԼʦΪʦ
ȣױŵ󡰻ʦУѧһ
ҪǸлĸͼˣҪǸлʦϣ㻳һŸж߳ţ
һŵ߽УšлصزɷһλͶʦ
Сԡױŵľϲ͸м

Ȼôô죬ǴϵµĹ졣

֮һͷʹҽͷα겻α

ܲ˵ʦѡ±Ǻ¡һҺ
ĸûиʵĽʦ飬Էǵ̫ϲ
ˣͬʱ̫ϲʷǰ꣬ȡʦͷʦ
ʵ족Ϊŵȵ㡣һʦƫԶ
̫нʦõûйϵѽȥʦ𽥲ȥѡ
ʦųƣʦѧʵѾûʦרҵ

ԽʦȱԴʵڽʦԴּڴС
ͬʱʱڸġҵѧУɱߣʦ
ʦõջܽɱĸ޶Խ
ҵѵͳƣʦ죨շѣǡʦѧʦ
ʦȥʦĸԭ

߻Լʧ󣬻ԽƵشȱݣƸĸֻͷ
ʹҽͷʹҽţáʦǿһʦʦ
ĿȱӦû⣬ܹڵô

֮˭Ӧøж

ʵűģǻʦѧУġж
ĿǰϷѧܴѧĮ¼Ӧ
Ӧøж˭ǡÿýԪʦǹұ
Ӹλ

Ŀǰǣѧܾ˸ֲ
˶ǴҲҪǣǽܵĿȫǹṩѽ
ʱĹҷչľѣǴӡȡũҵ˰
ȻܹѽӸλǣ˼λرȴһֵ
ҵĴ־磬һѧУҪȡ߰ѧѣũʦҲ
족֮Ҹ֮ȡ˽ҵԷչĻ
һĽ

ЩԡÿýԪġŻո߰ѧ
ѵͶʱȴڳˡʩߡòȻҪʦ
Ҫѧжǻ֮дĵҲˣ
ԽΪһ˶һ˵ĸж˲ҪҪ
顣ƫƫֻʦ·һرĶ͡ˣ
֡͡ڽԼһɵĴ鷳Щ˵ĸǰ
;ΪҺǰ̵档ʵӦøжģǹңÿһˣر
ǵǣӦ̨ЩΪҵһ
һ

֮ʽܱ֤߽ʦô

ʦɲͣЩѧûѧѹҲܵӰ
һϸơҪ1.ҵСѧ10ϡ2.
ЭҪ˻ܵѽòԼ50%ΥԼ3.ڱҵǰ
涨ķڲñѲо6ʦԺУԼͬذѡʦ
αҪͶ

ǲԶģΪ⡰ԪʦǱ븶Լ
һҵǹٵģϧʦģڵǰĽ
¸ΪࡣΪȱɵĽȱٴж
ԼΣ񽻸Щ¶ĸһԼ
ϡ

Ȼƶȳ˲ҪϮ֮⣬ǰġҲˡ¾
ѧݣΪ߰ѧѲòѡʦ
ˣδô

ˣȻǵǣƺû濼ǹҵӦ
ηֻһ⣬ͼһ⣬Щʩʱ
Ȼ෴Ҳ˻ӭдĸὫԼǰ
Ȼ෴ġҪ˰/Լȴ˰ɡ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

ֽѧ־Ӧͣ

νhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/duanjianzhong

˿˵NatureScience߼־ϵ£
ʷ֤һ(XYS20070822)ƪµǳ
ûп񶨴˵ӣشԲ顣о
ˣȷʵ벻ѧ۷־Ƴĳɹ󲿷־Ȼãôѧ
־ϵжٺͿ֪ˡҼǵùĳƴѧͣ
˭NatureScienceһƪ½100ԪDDһѧУҲ
Ǧ֡סˡ

ͬʱҲ˵ѧ־ֻҪմˡҹѧ־ǹٰģ
һΪطֳŵȣߡȨ̫ڳ
ŵԽʯĸ߼־ܶѧ߱ȻܷϷ
ΪԼ۵ĳȣڳɹǷ÷ϸˡ
ǰһѧ᣺ĳƴѧһλڸݸ򶥼־ϵһƪ
⡮Ϊ㡯Ĵ󵨵עʹҲظ˼
ĽҪ˵˳šġˣýﻢ£
ûгֵ֤˵Լһĵ

Ȼ˴ȨֽʿҲں̶ܴϳһѧɹ
ٳӡô˼ѧ˼ͳɹʽҪġĻ
һıίͷҲסٹˣֽʿҲʹѧp
оĺܶʦоԱΪЩǦ֡١ԣʱ
ֽѧ־Ӧͣ졣ѧѧͬĳԱֽ־԰ڡԸ
ķַøȤ߷ɹû뵽ʱһȴ컯
˿ѧߣݿѧʷܣȥĲѧͨ˽ż
໥ѧģûзҪԼ˼뷢ڡҼ缶
ϣ˿¶ڶNS󣨡NatureorScienceDDǰ
ֽƤ֤ԸļٶǡԽˮƽԭʼ· 
ߡŵ֮ңˡ

ѧµĿģĻҪΪ˱p߻о
С˼Լɹʹͬȫ棨˿Ǹ֤Ӽ
ǰĳɹϣûеֽϣô
ԺչʾpɹӦǷݩppΪ׼
Ĵ;ԡ˭ʲôͷԸվϣ
òű༭֯壬Ҳûзڳ̵⣬û
˸ĽĿĻֽѧ־ޣ־ġλ
ԼйɫġڿϵҲ߽⡣Щͬн
ĿйòŽ˵İѣҲòʲôȨʿ׿ϣ
µĳ̣ʽȫԼ˾ǧǧĶߡһò
κˡѧ˼ɽʱŻκһ͡
մϱ߶Ͳٺ͸

бҪƼѧߴһƲƽ̨
Ϊ˿Ƽ־һءѧ־Ϊ־
ѧ־ӢĴճɸScipubTechpubPAP(Personal Academic 
PublicationĿɡա)Ҫ˵ǣƽ̨ҪӦƼ
ѧµı༭ĶĿǰ˵ĺ̨༭ϴ޷
Ƽ·ʽͼpŰλõȱ༭ܡܽWORD
ĵֱӡȥٺòˣPDFĶĹܵȻã
ƽ̨Լߣ͹һĸѧء

Ժֵĸˡ־ ѧ־Ȼȥ
Ҫǣߺ߿Էػ˴ѧpݼ
ãڵĴģ˱Ҳû˿һۣѧҲ
γɣĵ©Ҳõʱĸǰǣ־Ǹ
ӣıԭα¶˵߻һ
Ҳ˼ó

Ժ󣬴ֽŻᱻʡԻ쿯Ա
ͷԼ쿯ѿڶԿƼͶ롣֪һѧ쿯Ǵλ
20ˣ4ѧÿͷѺͰ쿯ҪȥԪ
ȫһ£ĿǾ˵ġ

ԺѧߵĶл׽Ҳͱøס
ֻҪ˭͵ͬеġ͵ԼͬкܿͻŽ
ͬһƪ·˼ͬ־ϡԺʿһƪ²˼ƪ
֮¶ҲûиɵıҪˡ

һΪá־ѧ־ʽıĿǰ确ݡ
ֶ֮θѧٲýǮܺ߼ʱͨԶ
ߺ߶кôһضĹ̻ѧ⣬пܰȫȫ
ĲͬĸȤڼʱھۡ͡һ𡣡Ƥܹ
Ľкô

ˣȡֽʿƼ־ְզ죿ѧߵѧˮƽզ

ȣԷĵĶѩp־ļߵΪĳѧˮƽ
ı׼ʹ⡣ΪƺʵѧƵѧӦǷܽʵ
Ϊĳˮƽߵ͵׼ھкܶҵ
ȥϴת豸Ĺϡġ־϶вҵʿ
ˣΪ˼ҵĶӲóԺ۶Ȼ˵
־һˮƽְʱ뼸емңڵĹϵ
רҡһ±ߵġ־ͻƳ/Ľ

ҲʣҪġѧߡӶʵءô죿ش
ǣʵͷϵʭӻʭӣ۹۹䣩Ȼῴ
ŵӶ¶֮/ɨءȺڵ۾ѩġ
ɾˡ

ͬĵȥĿѧߵġѧ־ֵ˶࣬һ̶ϱѧ
ߵ֮ҲΪǵĿǻáѩǰͷֻʣ
5001ͷǸмֵķ֣һ˵Ϊɶ5002
Ĳ˵400򣨲תĵӴ
Ⱥĸٰ־ܱȵģ¶ָֽ־
ȻŻ˶ĶߣһÿһƪҪ׼pˡ 
üҪȴʱ䣬ǲܱ˼ʱתһֽ
Ͼ˰ȨעǿңǴͳϵĿѧߣ

˵лƿЦָ֮

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

βӦеĹ



뽫˫ųнеסһЩǣ˫С
ʩֻΪضʱڣ籱ڼ䣩Ȩ֮ƣ򲻿һļ
ƹ㡱˫СϾһϵе׶ˣ

һгҡ񹺳Ƹ
֮⣬ҪΪ˽бʵϰࡢͺӵȡ

ڶǧʲƸ˷ѡڸߵͶߺ
ƷÿֵԪʮϰԪϰ˽һ֮ھ
аãȻɾ޴ʲƸ˷ѡ

ظáʵ·Ķѭءҵҵ
λΪϹҪȻõŻ˫ٵĳ졢
ͥΪбҪȻڶͥγ˿ǨԶ
˫ְͥΪϳеıòڶͥγٿ
Ȼأӵ̬ʵ·ĳ
Ʊش

֮ǲҭʳʵʩ˫С״

갴աβӦС롣
ʵʩ취ǣβΪ1ģ1112131УβΪ0
ģ102030УԴơһ幤ڼ䣬ÿ7ʱ20ʱ
УϢڼ䣬ÿ8ʱ18ʱС޶Ļ
廷ڷΧȻպϢֹʱԼΧҪ
ֻ֤שѡ

áβӦС취ÿƽÿ3죬ÿ
36졣취ŵڣһʶȻ⽻ͨӵ⣻ʶȼ
׶ȾڹģԵؽԴģ޶ȵر
ʲƸ˷ѣǱ˽Эʹá磬гֳ
εרԲȡһӶĶԲߣԽڵ
йϵ

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

й׶¡ı׼һ졪Ԯ˼

Ŵ

ڽͨӵ⣬˼˼ǳмֵ˼ĳ
飬Ŵ˴ססʱǵ

Ѿˣµһ¾ǳСұͺγг˳
ͨͺãͷξᣬޡ϶³Ͳƣ
ðθաʱ緢˼άͣ۳Ű
»棬û˾񡣿ƫƫ³ıɫղ
¡ʱ¡޴µĳ̶ȡǣֻҪϷǳŲܰ£Ҫ
ĩΪŰ£ûһʱ䣬ɡʵڲܵȵĩģ
ֻˡÿγл񺦳

ãϰĵطҲԶгСʱܵÿﳵ
°ࡣﳵҲܸܵ³ơڴ󳵡Сķһ
Σսľβͳϴʱǻһߩһźڡʹ
һΪԼﳵϰҡΪҿ޳˹ϰ̫
ˡ

ϰĵطԶ˹°ҪԼ2Сʱÿ·
ķ4Сʱҡ4СʱУ2Сʱǿʡģ
ĻΪ³40Ӿ͵ˣ¼θ̾
ѡ4СʱУ2СʱҲվڳڵģǷǳࡣ
Ϊ;ҪһγҲǴվϳѵϳ

ǣޱ׼һȹģϣ600𴲣Ҵϴ
򵥵ͣҴҳ꣬710ţ720ϳ£վСߣ
ͣͣ¡ͣͣ¡ͣͣվҸ΢
ĵطվţˣ٣ͣͣ¡ͣͣ
¡ͣͣվ830٣930˾1730°࣬17
401800ϳҸ΢ĵطվţˣ٣
ͣͣ¡ͣͣ¡ͣͣվҸ΢
ĵطվţˣ٣ͣͣ¡ͣͣ
¡ͣͣվ1900٣2000ңϴˢ
ϴԡϣ2100ǰƣѼƤ飬˵˵22
00˯¡

Կÿ쵽ң컻µ·ûʱϴģҲûϵء
Щ˯һ֮ȥ˲УһܹԵ߹֮
һһ

ΰй׶¡ڡÿ춼ݵؽͨӵ
־硱˼еһССͷ

޷ǳл2008˻ᣬΪڰ˻֮ǰˢ˹һ
һβ4ëǮÿҲһǮյҲۣе˰˻
ʵʵڵĺôͬʱԽԽ˻ᵹʱÿһ
죬ѹͷǾͼһ㡣˻һƱۿ»û
ȥˮƽɡ

ǹ涨˵˫ųе4˳泩ͷһϣ
Ȼ7͵ˣϲ˰졣Ҳǳ⣬˵Ҫл
ᡣס̾ҪǱÿ춼öð

2007/9/3

(XYS20070903)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)

