                         ˿µϣ20071021գ

07.10.20ûи
07.10.21, didaxueshengڻǮʴѧѧԺɼĿ
07.10.21, ѧNature BiotechnologyRui Wang
07.10.21, ˡ̸ľҽѧ·ʿѧΪ
07.10.21, Yushźΰ¼ſ
07.10.21, ž¡ϴѧ빫ѧԺʦ־Ľҷš
07.10.21, ˮжߵ顱Ͼ帣ŭ䡰Űࡱ
07.10.21, ulanٻϻԱͼߵĳš
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07.10.21, bangbu1996ʵǼΨһ׼ϻ
07.10.21, unicornȷϺϷǷڿļ;
07.10.21, yiqinshiƽ֮ա
07.10.21, Linchuang19ռƪ漰ҽµһЩ
07.10.21, СҲ˵˵ҽҩѡ
07.10.21, Ѱζ֪Ѱ桷
07.10.21, 13û

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ί-ҩԴѧصʵңΡ19974
200312ѧϼḣǴѧ(University of Southern California)
ѧϵлѧо(Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker 
Hydrocarbon Research Institute)ʿѧλʦлϳɺͷ
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371-374Apr. 2001]俯SCIӰӣȫSCIİ¼3762
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Biotechnology͢ũҵоԺֲѧᣨAmerican 
Society of Plant Biologists＼ϢNCBINational 
Center for Biotechnology InformationȹȨרҵ߶ۣ
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ȫաȫѭŷšüMead-Westvaco Corp.˾ʹã
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Bioresource Technology͡Holzforschungϣľѧ
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ͨѶĿ鳤Mead-Westvaco Corp.ƸΪоԱ

˶Nature Biotechnologyº棬ͣΪժҪ

Nature Biotechnology  19, 371 - 374 (2001) doi:10.1038/86770 
Suppression of a P450 hydroxylase gene in plant trichome glands 
enhances natural-product-based aphid resistance
Erming Wang1, 4, Rui Wang1, 2, 4, Joseph DeParasis1, John H. 
Loughrin1, 3, Susheng Gan1 & George J. Wagner1
1  Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program, 
Agronomy Department, N212 ASCN, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 
40546-0091.
2  Current address: Columbia University, 639 W. 168th St., PH 4-477, 
New York, NY 10032.
3  Current address: USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 
29501.
4  These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence should be addressed to George J. Wagner 
gwagner@ca.uky.edu 
Trichome glands on the surface of many higher plants produce and 
secrete exudates affecting insects, microbes, and herbivores. 
Metabolic engineering of gland exudation has potential for improving 
pest/disease resistance, and for facilitating molecular farming. We 
identified a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase gene specific to the trichome 
gland and used both antisense and sense co-suppression strategies to 
investigate its function. P450-suppressed transgenic tobacco plants 
showed a 41% decrease in the predominant exudate component, 
cembratriene-diol (CBT-diol), and a 19-fold increase in its precursor, 
cembratriene-ol (CBT-ol). Thus, the level of CBT-ol was raised from 
0.2 to 4.3% of leaf dry weight. Exudate from antisense-expressing 
plants had higher aphidicidal activity, and transgenic plants with 
exudate containing high concentrations of CBT-ol showed greatly 
diminished aphid colonization responses. Our results demonstrate the 
feasibility of significantly modifying the natural-product chemical 
composition and aphid-interactive properties of gland exudates using 
metabolic engineering. The results also have implications for 
molecular farming.

Ϊ99.99%ǸRui Wang,£

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Rui WangĵλUniversity of KentuckyķʱRui Wang
ȥColumbia University߸

ڼʦϼḣǴѧ1994ŵGeorge A. 
OlahڣͨUniversity of KentuckyGeorge J. Wagne
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̸ľҽѧ·ʿѧΪ



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෽ѧΪ¶ϣ²ʿվ֤Լ
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·ʿĽٶ23ͨѶߣҶԵľ
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˭ѧҾֵZhao YMǳ²ʿԺ˵Գ²ʿ谮мӣ
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Chen FM, Zhang R, Zhao YM, Jin T, Sun HH, Wu ZF, Jin Y. Novel 
Dex-GMA/gelatin scaffolds containing dual microspheres loaded with 
BMP-2 or IGF-1 promote cell metabolism, proliferation and osteoblastic 
differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Biotechnol Bioeng. 
2007 Jul 5; [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 17614328 

ͬһλһߣͨѶߣһƪ¿Ϊã
Ч ֪ʱǷԷķأ

Chen FM, Zhao YM, Zhang R, Jin F, Wu ZF, Jin Y Novel composite 
nanoparticles based on glycidyl methacrylate-derivatized dextrans and 
gelatin as new bone morphogenetic protein carrier.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007 May 14; [Epub ahead of print] 

һͨѶ ͬһλZhao YMΪڶߡ

Chen FM, Zhao YM, Zhang R, Jin F, Wu ZF, Jin Y.Novel composite 
nanoparticles based on glycidyl methacrylate-derivatized dextrans and 
gelatin as new bone morphogenetic protein carrier. J Biomed Mater Res A. 
2007 May 14; PMID: 17503535 

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ͨѶձֵһᡣ

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200799

(XYS20071019)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ˮжߵ顱Ͼ帣ŭ䡰Űࡱ


http://blog.sina.com.cn/hcgg1966

ߵڰǷ,Ϊ"ߵ"ʵΪг

Ͼ帣ŭ䡰ŰࡱȨؽ֮Է

200727գ߷һٴιʼݣ磬Ͼ帣
33ֵλԳɫƽʿļߣһз
棬˵Ƿ쵼ָʾ帣վ̡ʧʵط
ʧְְ⣬֧־Ͷߡ֧ƾάȨġԴƭ
ϰյΣǱ棬ʵش˷
иʺͲʵ⣬ңύϲܹ֤ݡϡ
ĿĴﵽ󣬷ӦȥʵĴµĵ͹Ժ쵼
ӳ帣ĺϢ

ǣǰϿƪߵڰסʵġߵ
顱һƪΪʩ˽άȨϾ帣վ¼
˼ һƪΪϾ110ǧ繤̡ʧʵ顱
ƪߵ顱һƨȫڱһߣܺ帣
ָ𣬶ĲǶȡģڽܲɷʱ˵ĻҲ
ģͷȥβ콲޷Ŵ

һŵ顱аýߵģһ
ɫƽʿ֮Ȼң

ġߵ顱ۻƣʧ

޸վ̣ýع֣еġ̺żҸ
еġ߶򳡡һһΥ̡ùʡί
δ´ĺΪ[2004]636šʱΪ2004922գв
£2004420վϾ繫˾˷ˡõع滮
֤ûнлӰ۵ˡĿ顱͡õ
֤ڡõ֤ʧЧ7µ£赥λʽ
ģȵȣΥ˶ʵ巨ͳ򷨡

ǣڡϾ110ǧ繤̡ʧʵ顷һ
һʼһǰ᣺ʩ費ǷΥΥ棬Ƿֺ
ϷȨ棬ʹվסլֻ1.3׵ĵط,ϰҲֻܷ,
˵ܸ״ǡ˽ΥȨʣ߼
ôͨġȨǿ˽вƲ͹вƲܷƽȱ
Ǳ˽ˣǿȨʵǱȺڵĲƲȨҲ
ˣ

⣬ߵ顱ϾС2003ûнһ
վƵ帣ǲģ޵ġһĳ
ȫϾй滮ֺ͹繫˾滮ͺѡַΥΥɵġνġ
ߵ顱ΥΥźͽ赥λһӣѱվܰʱ
Ƹ޹ľǷǳƵģܲġ

ġߵ顱ƪ©ٳ

Ͷǩ500帣27ΧԺ
ԺһתһȦܹ200סȻֻ33Ժ
һ£4Ժһûȥӱר̷ɵϾԶǧ
飬һ׵·ߣȥ飬ȻͲʵ
½˵ԽվҪ帣33żݽڡǲʵ
ġ

ڵġεģڡߵ顱гŪ
顢֣˵ְȴƪͺˡ磺
帣վ̸ᡱдˡ֤ᡱз͹涨Ҫ
֤ᡱһġ̸ᡱҰѲλĻ·ͳƵ帣
19˵31ˣ磺Ͼǽ24վ˵25
ѷԺоеġߡдˡߡ磺帣
γ¹д˺·ֵ´ΣһӸ˼ԭ
ʦдɽ٣ѹ繫˾½д½㣬ȵȣνƪ©


ġߵ顱ƫƫšȡ

帣վĿ桷Ⱥڲ롱ĿУμ̸1911
Ǳð棨ɳƬԺ˲֤ݺߵ֤
8У𻧵ŵ飬Ȼס帣еˣڽɢ
ƭǩһС̾Ƶĸ廧ûвμ̸ᣬҲû
ǩҲУ˵ǹʦĻȫǺ죬
Ͼ̨ʮƵ㡱Ŀع⣨06112920㣩

һǿ⣬ֺȺȨŪٵ⣬ڡ
ߵ顱зǿ漰ĵλûйϵηҪ帣ľ
Ծܾ֯ṩġܾŭ˳˭֪ͨ
Ǳľμ̸ᡢЩðߵǴĵȹؼ⣬
ڡߵ顱һŲᡣ

֪桷ʹõı׼ǡꡱGB3096-93
򻷾׼׼帣Χ100׷Χڣ
º´塢˼´塢´塢帣´塢žӵڶסլС⣬
3Уһѧ2׶԰2Сѧ3ҽԺеλԼ˰
ءȻذ칫¥ԾסĽ̻Ϊһ
Ӧ55ֱ¡Ȼڡ桷ȴ帣Ϊס
óҵĶ⽨110ǧվ
60ֱı׼ǺϡһûһҹҵҵȻڷ ߵ
顱ȴˡס빤ҵĻ˻ڡߵ
顱зϾ帣񣬵ꡱ롰رꡱͻʱꡱ
ӡرꡱ

ҷɷеŷĽĿĻѡַ걨衢
յȸڶϸ涨ͨΪǰᣬĿΪˡ
ϹڽԴˣڡߵ顱˵ֻҪСרҽ顱Ϳ
նƿҷȸڷ濴רҡȨڹҷɡ
֪һĿѡַлͨ˵
ѡַͨͱѡַԣѡַΪǰᣬ滮
õع滮֤ԻΪǰᡣһĵڡ
ߵ顱ﴧװͿ

ġߵ顱۸ĵʦԭ

Ϊӵǣڡߵ顱вӿֱ֤ԣ
õѡַǶԽĿĶδԭȨʵӰ
죬ϵΪԵƫ̻ĴΪȣϵ
ص㲻ǽõѡַ飬ǽõع滮֤͵Σ
̱Υ˷ˡ̷֤֤֮
ắ桷ǰʾǲǨȣɴ˲Ӧ
ϵˣֱӰ쵽ǵȨǱΪ
ĵ޷еıңеı·еʾ
УϷͥһȳΪ۹עĽ㣬Ӱ쵽г˵
ûвʵӰ𣿿ɼΪǳģǾģǲ
ߵģǿߵġڡߵ顱еߵڰ뱻һޣ

ԭʦڽܷɷʱȷָڡʡ
ôʵ˵Υʵ巨Υ˳򷨣Υʵ
ԭɳ֣ҲڷͥΪԭ˱绤ͬʱǿԺо
ġǣΪﵽɸ˵ĿģŰࡱڡߵ顱
вԭʦĻ˵ԭʦҲΪ帣վס
ġΪܿʦ׷ԭʦָ

ɶԷߵʵݡԼǷ
ɡ

Ķаɻ

˽⣬ĶаɻģǰʱġˮƭУ
Тжһλ׶ĳ󱨿Ƽ༭
߷档1995ҵڱѧϵŵרҵ䵽ñ磬
ָñƼʱƼҵ棬ͭʹ£ΪƼ
ҵƭдгţж׬Ǯķ֮ҲΪʲôñƼ
ܿųӪ֮ƭֵı͡¡ԭ
ڼ䣬汾׫дͭζŨűΪӱ
ĴŰࡱñ䳣ñΪͥ
⻹ùͷ硢ɷ硢ɽȶ۹۷ڡ
ˮƭһݣ˲ܲѳ˱ؽ
ܹԱΪӱԼߵ׶ĳȨϿһƪ
һˮһԪñѧТڡġߵ顱Դˣ
˵Тˮƭйýϵ״࣬
ТҲɴ˵ңʼȫƭй硣ƭְ¶󣬷û
䳣ñͥϽСֶ֮伫

һŰࡱڲϳͣҪʱ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ٻϻԱͼߵĳ
 
ulan

ٻϻĹô⿴͵򣬿ѧ
й˿ڻһ롣СйȺһ
ǵȺ壬۾СԶһԼԣŴձҲ
иƵЦ˵ɵڿкɨھɾһ
أش˵ڴЩǣɾЦܴˣɵôҲ
վڷѽ

йΪҲΪǵˣ뾡취ƻƭȡҵ
ʽˣԺܶ಻ǷΪǵİվͳЩ˵İɳ
Сɵʹһɳ

ǻżƬϻһ顣ǰƬ
һ飬СѧҲܽܡɴ˿ʵũѣˣ
ѣԲԲѣƬһŲģܻˣ
ѣյ̫ˣѲеĶսȥˡ

ǲ׷ũΪӦ׷ԱαѧߵΪȲ
ܱǷǵǲӵǵ쵼ǽŻѣСѱɴѣ
ѣǿǵ̡ǰбһλ
ũ帾ŮϳֵĹҲȥдӵļӦñؿ
ʥְҵ顣򵥵ǷǹĻҪҪ󶼲
ǲ۽ý幤ġ

ۺ壬ܹǷǣսȫ
ĿԴǱҴǲ֮ߵĶĲΪʵ
ƾ֤ƬȴԳΪǷѵʵ֤ݡͬʱϣ¼
ѵĹԱкĴٺͺƹҵľҲһصĸ
Ϊ

ճоһЩСҥԣѰյҲʱ򿪸
СЦż߰ȵȥźŪߵ̡쵼
ԱʵȥƭǮǾԲ̵ġ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҩ˫ä


 
Сʱһ֮岻Ǻܺãһλ
ҽһζгҩаážļ£
ҽҪ˺ܶ࣬𽥵ļµë˲١һİ
ǺɫҩԲغܺÿһʱ䣬ֻҪﲻ
ˣͻȥü£ܿ;ˡʱС
ҽҩĵȷȷһף֮˽ϳһʱ䣬ҩ
Ƴɺɫҩİˣҽҩ˾ĲΣ
ɫҩȻͬ䷽İ衣ٳԵʱ򣬸оЧ
ǺܺˣһֱǲǸˡһ£ﲻ
ɫİ輸ûЧǰҽҪ
áһγȥصһҪɫġܵҩһʣ
Ҫ˵ɫģɫҲûеˡ鼱֮£һֽң
ҩǺɫҩ裬Ǿңؼңңװ
ԭװĿƿϰµأ²ͬҩ
û룬ɫңָŴЧۺʱֻҪо
岻ʣ¼ɫң裬ͬӡҾһֱɫң
װƿð衣һֱûҶ˵ֱһ챻
跢ˣһٱᡣӣʹһиϸ
ڵýǾļͥŮʶ֡ѧϰѧ֪ʶʱ
Ժﾭֳ¡ŶԣΪʶ֣ͰѺɫҩ
ΪԡֻҪǺɫгҩ裬оͽֱӵӳ䡣ʵ
һֵ͵İοơĲʶ֣˫äԭҪ
ȥ꣬ڽҲ˼ҵĲˡ

ϲһҩ䷽ԵĹЧ¡

裺25g25g˻100gܺ100g100g
200gȡЧѪ麮ļ׾ʧ߶Σ


ң裺100g100g100g()100g100g˸
80g20gЧνƢѪڸ棬вʹͷ
Ŀѣʳˣ¾

䷽빦Ч֮󣬲һ亹ҼŴӽ70꿪ʼ
ȥ84ֹһֱҸĺɫİң裬Ҳû
ʲôǺɫҩڲãĲʾͺܿʧˡ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ʵǼΨһ׼ϻ 

ߣbangbu1996

ʵǼΨһ׼һնķϻ 

ϲμҡѧҺҽ
ǰ߳˵ʵ֤ĳĳĳĳ˼ĳĳ·йѡ
߳˵ǧġʵ֤ҽĿѧԡ㲻ٸ׵׷ʣ
֤ʲôʵôķʽ֤?ƺһ䡰ʵǼ
Ψһ׼һоͲ֤ˡ

þͺģԡʲô˼ȷǾ
ȷѧڽϲѧԡð˵
Ƿ֮ĺ׼ѧȴֻж
˵֮˵ţѧѧۣû˰˵ǡ
ʵ͸ģˣʲôǡʵ˵һлƺԽСʵ
̿ϷΪʵʵͿѧʵ顣һС
Щʵ飬ⲻһϻʵӸ޶žпɲԣ
Χ̫תܱʵܱʵ
̲HIVܱʵ𣿿ѧۣҪ˵Ҳ
УȻɿѧʵѧʵ飬ⲻԶ׼ĵ𣿵ҽ
˿߼ǲģ˵һ䡰жϿѧΨһ׼ǿѧ
ʵĴʵȻҽӲɡũ֮Īɥͷᾱ
첱ӴдʵʣΪʲôҪӲ롮ѧ
ҽµľǡѧֻ֣Сʵģ
źúơȻʵϲֻǡ顱ǡʵΪ
˵ʵϾѧʵ顱ѧʵ顱ҽʹ
ĶҽαʵʵʾǴǳġ顱֤أ
ƤУԾѨλ۾ͱˣ΢ѧ
ȵȿѧʵ鲻ҽǲܵģĳĳ˸ðȸ
ҩˣǸƸðЧͱ֤ˣ˫äҽǲȤģ
˼ǧȻû⣬ҽҲʷʵ˵ȵȡ
鷨ףһ䡰ʵǼΨһ׼У֮£
ִҽѧ̫ɵˣҪѧʵ顱顣ǵĲҪҵ״
ȷҽڹ׾ҵ߲ĴҩЧҪ
˫äղűϿɣҽһҽٺ٣ũ֮
ϲģġʵϲϿġѧʵԭڴˡ

ʵǼΨһ׼նѧϻҽ˿ǵǿ
飬𽥱һֻҪһٲȻ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ȷϺϷǷڿļ;

unicorn

йڿǷϷǷӲ٣ǷڿǷĻ࣬
ͨȷϣҲ޷ȷϣֽܼͨȷϵķο

һͨйͼվȷ

2005121ʩеġڿ涨
http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2005-10/21/content_3662952.htm
ʮ涨ڿ浥λÿڿ30ڣֱų
й汾ͼݡͼԼڵʡֱϽų
3ʮ涨ڿ浥λδձ涨ġ
ա
http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2001-12/31/content_220668.htm
ʮһɳ辯棻صģ
ͣҵٻԭ֤ص֤صĹ涨1͸2
˿ɼֻҪںϷڿͼݾйݲأͨͼݾɲ鵽
ݲؼ¼ɵ¼йͼݹݲؼҳ
http://www.nlc.gov.cn/GB/channel1/index.html# 鲻¼
ȷΪǷǸմδͼݽѽ
ͼδɱݿ⣬һʱͲ̫

ͨISSNйȷ

ÿڿISSNţϷڿҲ⣬ÿISSNֻӦһֿһ
ڿĿµISSNšˣͨISSNֻܲ鵽ΨһĶӦ
ڿԼڿISSNŵڿҲȷĳISSNŵڿ
ΪϷǷڿͨ¼ISSNй
http://www.nlc.gov.cn/service/others/issn.htm#3Ժ˶ڿ
ISSNǷӦĳڿĿISSNӦȷǺϷ
Ӧ߼˵ǷǷڿﲻ⣬ΪISSN
ڿ֮ǰʱISSNţһISSNżΪʽISSNš
ISSNſɰISSN;ѯ

ͨCNžųȷ

ϷڿCNţCNŵǰλִóǼǵʡֱϽ
ӦʡֱϽС£11У12У13ӱʡ
14ɽʡ15ɹ21ʡ22ʡ23ʡ31ϺУ32
ʡ33㽭ʡ34ʡ35ʡ36ʡ37ɽʡ41ʡ42
ʡ43ʡ44㶫ʡ45׳46ʡ50У51
ʡ52ʡ53ʡ5461ʡ62ʡ63ຣʡ
64Ļ65½άĳڿCNſͨӦ
ĵǼǵųֺ˶ʵϢЩʡֱϽлųվ
ֱӲѯCN44ڿͨ
http://www.xwcbj.gd.gov.cn/xygg/ggxx_qkcb.aspѯЩҪͨ
ύѯ뷽ܻ׼ȷ𸴡һڿܻΪ쵥λ
ǵأһڿܴڲͬCNš۸ĸCNžɲѯӦ
ʵԡ

    ҹʵеرϸƣͨκ;
ȷϵڿֻǷǷڿҪȡ޵ĶȷϵķǷ
žٱ

1ڿ涨
ʮ ڿ浥λÿڿ30ڣֱų
й汾ͼݡͼԼڵʡֱϽų
3
ʮ ڿ浥λΪ֮һģաʮ
һ 
һڿơ쵥λܵλǼǵءҵΧڣδ
ձ涨ģ 
ڿ浥λơϲıʱṹµڿ
δձ涨ģ 
ڿ浥λδ漰Ұȫᰲȷشѡⱸģ 
ģڿ浥λδձ涨ġ 

2
ʮһ Ϊ֮һģɳ辯棻
صģͣҵٻԭ֤ص֤ 
һ浥λơ쵥λܻءҵΧϲ
µıֽڿֽ߱ڿıơڣԼ浥λ
δձĹ涨ŰǼģ 
浥λδȳƻ漰Ұȫᰲȷ
ѡⱸģ 
浥λδձĹ涨ͽģ 
ģӡˢ߸ƵλδձĹ涨汸Ĳϵģ 
壩ھӪλδձĹ涨ڵĳĿ¼
ġ 

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ƽ֮ա

yiqinshi

ÿⱾˣԼᡣ

ҶԣһЩƭСһ㣬49첻ԷȦ
ȡһЩҶɻ˵ҶΪġ

ǵСѧ꼶ʱ򣬿һǴ飺49ԡн
ȼһֱΪģСʱ쵣һԼȼ
ΪӦС¼ΧҲû˵ô°˷
飬֪ѹܡ緽дܸӿαѧĶ
к棻ԼҲкˣⷽ͸Ҫעˡ

һֱţġ˹̹ţٵŻˣ
޷ôĵĽ۽͵ģѧۡеġ
ЩڿһЩĵĻ˽ġ쾡µؽ
ʵԭЩΰ겢ûŽ̡۾ǽ۵
ڹͣѧۡļͽವġ𺳵һ仰Ǵ˵
ģջ壬ϵ۵ģܵĳͷôҵĸĸ
ҵĲŽ̵ѣǶڵм尾ôа䡣

ӹ˼˵㲻ܹȷһ˵α
ļ裬ȡʸߵǸ衢ҲøܵǸ衣ԡڴ
ĳĳˡͿӹһۣ÷ǳʵá

֮һڲͬ桢Ժܶ˵Ķĺ顣 

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

19ռƪ漰ҽµһЩ

Linchuang

1019յ˿˺üƪҽƵ£ΪҽͷƷ
㡣

ֹУҽԺΪϿɣƽ͵ӳѧУ
ҽʦ൱ڹļͥҽˮƽ£Ҳԭ˸ƽ飬
ʼձ˿͹ۡԡҪǹʵҽʦҽ
׼뻹Ǳǰϸ࣬˿ҽżΪϰ취
ʷҪʱáѧϰסԺҽ
ѵƶȣһҽˮƽУҽԺЧʵ¡
Ϊ̫١̫ٲҽۡˮƽߣҽ
ҲҪ˻͸óҽԺķʽӦѧУΪʦ
òͬȼҽƱգʦչ˾涨ҽԺ

ҽƼ۸ɣԸҽƻĲ˽⡣Ҫ˵ҽƼ۸
ṹ϶ϼƼʮԪķã崴һ˵ȷ
ʵ³ɱ뼼֧Ҫ⿴ǰҽ
ҪĻʿҽԱӹ񡢱------ڼΪ˱
֤ʱΣκʱҪһ˴ЩɱҪ̯ÿλˣ
ʩάֳɱҩƷϡ׵Ʒ˿Ҫһ
һɱ10Ԫڻҩʱ϶
ֹ˵1ӣҲĲĳɱ1Ԫ࣬ܺԻʿͷݵ
ͬĿVitCûбҪҲδҪ

ҽĿҾЩ򵥻ˣûǵҽĸԺ
Ӱ죬ΪܹձȫггͿɽһ⡣
˵߱ԹҽƷø߿ѡƲơΪĸԱҽ
ҹȻ˵ֻ²ҲҪĭҸоѰһЩ
㲢ûȫ˽⣬ʵһЩѰĹ۵ʵ˼·ͬ졣
ͬѰдĿĴ⡣ʵȤ鷢۵ǳ
ѰֱԸǿЩˡ֮۱ͻƣҲҪ׷
ӴٶҾܴѰ¿ȷʵ
ҲΪѰǵлعͷ԰ڹڵ
ҽҵ------ȫǸԼȥԷӵۣ
벹伸䣺ӵֻϬԡִź֮оݣ
ڶԼٶϬһ棬ڿ±ֳ
ƽ͡

˶ָͬҽˮƽ͡ѧϰʱͶ٣˵ó
ҽûʸߵĽۡһҲʧڼˡΪȽҽ
ʱʱҪʶְ֮ϵľ޴𣬴Ͻ
ƺֻ5ͿɵҽרƼڲҿʼֻ
ܵҽʿҽʦҪ8꣨ʵӢȲٷҲǶ5걾
ҽרڱҵ5ҽʦҽʦҽ
ȫжȨﵽϸˮƽҽʦڳΪԺн
רҵȨͽϸߵľ룬ӽѧʵҪꡣҽ
ڱϵλȫձɣҽˮƽ߻ǵ͵Ĺҡҽ
ҲˮƽͣҵҲˣΪһ߷ա߼͸߸
ְҵҽԹˮƽԽϸߵ룬ڱ֤ҽʦˮƽҽƷ
кܴԡ

ѰϵԶʧࡣҲһһȥ
̸ֻЩ忴ͽ飬ЩϣѰΪһܹ
ѧѵˣ֮оݵҪ뿪ڶꡢԹҽ״Ĳ
£Ҫϡ˽½ۡٸӣ
ҽӦõĸǰһ°Ųй
зҽǰλѵʵк֮ܶǰ
ҲйίѣƺûѰӦеĸĽѰһЩ۾
۹ڲʣ˲ƽҲ˺˵ز
ҪϡˣѰԻʿҽ֮ҽԱĿ¶
ô꣬ƽȺص⻹ƫģϣѰעⱣ
ּṹȷҪһЩ޹صġǳ˻
ӵС˿һĹƽ̨ǲͣ¹໰
⣬˾֪߳ƣ˷УҽǸ
ǳӡصĻ⣬ѰԸзȤĬЦŭʵ˿
ʧִ硣˵ǻڣǡıﻹǽ˹۵ıܶȡ
ɸ˾ѰйԿͶ˵ı͡Ųǻ£
ֹͷҲ˵йĻвܣĻйԿͱ
ܻͬӭϣѰǫ͡͵ЩڴѰػҺ
ѵһЩԼϵһ£ȥߴݼʹм
ֵ

۵Ŀ911˿ϡҲ̸ҽ⡷һԣҲ
Ϊٽҽͨʹ֪ҽ֢ڣӶĽ
ҵĿ϶Ҳµƫ֮ӭλԼ
ָҲٴκҽͬۡ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ҳ˵˵ҽҩ



ҽҩѣ˽ʹҡЩ䡣

Ϸѣ 
Уע޾ס޾ճ޾һһ
ԵģϰѡһԴķáԼеļƷѣҽ
һԿñӣҵĵѡˮ....ܻ©Ҫշ
רҡ


һ࿨һҽԺôϸĵһѵģ



ȻҽƷļ۸ˣ㣬Ƽ

Ʒ
ҽԺĿһһ㲻ϸķֵ

άC
СҲãϰ˼άҩûؿۣҲ
ˡҽԺҲûӰ졣еضƷƵлؿۡ

ؿڷҩ
ҽԺһӼ15%ԵÿƷơ


ҩ
һɻʿͶϷѼһ˲ϺͻʿͶ
============================================================
ҽҽƷҽѧרҵжϣԼΪжҪеķ--
ϴ¹Ҫġ
ҽְҵ--粻СıȾȾķա

ЩҪεĳɱ

ÿ죬ҪҺϵأҪйȥҪй
Щ˶Ǻܵ͵Ĺʣ͹ʱ׼
רŵĻԱ
ҽԺ¥ңܶǴģҪǴЩշ۳

=============
ڻɱҪʲƻ߻ƿˣֻҽԺ
֧ô£ЩǮǷʣǷ𣬶ǻ
Ǳ̰ۣǻؿۣѧʴˡ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ζ֪Ѱ

ߣѰ

Ѱֵܣһ⣬ҲȤѰƫ
ʵѰҲδǰ˵ǴͳʧܵĲƷ
ӹ֮޲Ǻƹˤһƫ·ߣһƪ
£Ϊ֪٣ڻ첻ءνϣʧ
ǰҴ˵һҵ£ζԣûжԱζϸϸʲô
ζǲҴ©ʧա

һֲܿ飬ëͳѰ±ʱطĶ
ѰҲߵһǾͺܿɱˣԶѣڴл

ñѰͲΪ˶ʵ϶йҲ
Զڴ𰸵ģҵĹ۵ܶʱǳ뾭ѵҲʮֵı
򵥵ؽܶ˼ģȥ˼ҵĿľʹﵽˡҿ
ûΪдһдйͻ٣׫дһϵУ
˼룬跽һ鱦أҲ㷢㷢е˿ϳڻò
Ϣʶʱ䣬Ҳرһ֮£ϵ
ԴԴϵдˡ

ҵ£жȫܣǵѰͣ
ѶкѰҪġ˳ʦѰͲҪ̼
䣬෴ˣҾͲϲվŷԣ˵
ƽƽȵȣǲۡ

ҽѵѧӵһ㷢ȨѣҲΪ
ڿӣڽǷǱɶжϡʵҵһΪҲ
潻ԭıʱӰڸⷽϢ
֮ӡҵϽװף㻹Ҫ
ƲһѣʵڿЦúܣ˵䲻Ļޡ
潻ԭܶǶǣҲһ£潻ԭ
Ϣṩ߱빫ʾṩϢϵԣ
˵ؾɥʧȨǡǡ෴Ϣܶʱ
зǳҪǰ߿ԾһλƼһ֧Ʊ
ڹƱʱ棬ǹ˾Աͱ빫ʾΥ潻ԭ
򡣶ԺߣʹǷҲҪȡԭ뱻ĳ飬ܴҶ֪߶
ƫԡǰ˵ҽȡȨ츳Ȩɳܣ
Ӧ潻ֱӵأ˹շҪѰ
һܴڵأֻʾһ㣬Ǿĺǿǿ
Ҫ߼ĵز

ҵĹ۵ͽ鲻Ȥȡζ֪Ѱķʽȴǡǡ෴
ʲôһ㶼ȤĹ۵ȴеȤЩ۵
ҷδĹ۵һµģֻĹ۵㶼ǺճģҲе㵣ǣ
ƾʲô㣿ΪרңΪѰôƫ
һ㣿ֻϣ㲻ҪΪǿӹ۵˶˶ԱȷĹ۵


ѧѧƣѧͨǾںƣںƵ
ѧҲһôǾ˼ôҪϵͳѵͿԶ
ԭƵҾӵѧϰǾþѧ
ѧջòɹޣҿɲΪҵŬ
ɲΪҶκֳɴ𰸣߿Ժ˿ĶߣäĿ
ҵ뽨飬δ̫͹ҵˡ

ҶĴ𸴡

һҵķдĿַ޵̬ȣȱν
ƽǫãûа취ִΪǸ˿ԿƵģʵȻ
㲻Ѱգǰ˵йɵģ
˵ˣһҪѵĻѵľӡ

ƲܿЦҲûбҪԿһѰѧɲҪ
ʲôû֮ǰڹҽϵѰȻ̸ˮȴҲû
ʲôϰ³ʦѰкõҽĻ
ѰǷ˺ܴľĲδתҽĵ·Ͳˡ

ǰѾˣʲôأǱĺá

ġҾͲò˵ǰ׳ˣô˵ҵϵ£ҵ
жƪһ⣿㻹Ҫʲô֤ݣгܳ
ļ۸񶼺ģͲܳɽƾ仰Ҳ˵ѧ
ȤȱȱԸóʶ̽㣬ڴ˴лӲɽ
ҲҺΪʦǰ˵ѧҪлҪġ

塢˵йҽġ̫ͣ͡ǻ֮
˵⻰ôһλʾ㼱Ūܶò̫ĸ
κϵۡɲǱϣýѰҪ
õģΪгŻԭ㻹ǵŰա

һҲûشʰ˵ʵۣ־Ͷ
ĵ㾭ѧڴķϻ;ͬģ˵úܼԼ˴
ƪ֤ڻûߵеİաĵڶλ
͵ġࡱǰңûϲģѰ֤Żгο
СЧ󻯣θԤҽѧ᳤Ч󻯣
ЩԵüΪƫѧȻںƣѧϰ
ѧҵΪϣѰҸգǾѧרҵǴҾͲõ
ˡ

ߡںƣҴƵĽۣھй۲⵽
ҿû˵֤ʵֻΪûбҪý׼֤ʵѣѧҪ
ⶼԽģԴ˷˿ϳ¶˷ԴĿ
ѧоѧϰʱдĻе䣬ΪʲôҪٱ
ԽγģʽѼʽĽѧ˼ʧȱ
˿ϴΪʲôйȱһ𰸡
ܸıʣȴԸıʹ÷ʽͬǰ˵һʵҪ
˷ҲǺ׵ģֻҪʵѵͿˣ˿һ
ǱҪȴԳΪ֮һ˿ʱһҪӴ
ϣûԸ˼ġ

Ӵ򱧲ƽϲΪƽûа취Ҳ
ƵıʣƾѰĿΪʲôԿأӵ˼Σ
ˣᳫҶӵ𱸣»ˡɾ
Ϊë϶ȨѧĶ壿ﵹñ֤
ĵȥϸϸζգΪѧôװѵôҲΪ
ƽҲΪƽΪ˽ľƽΪҾƽֵ
ȥƽһҲ£ģΪƶ봴ƶȵ
ƽģϰں˵ģΪ¡

ѧԱȻ̲ˣҪȵĻĻõõ
Ļƽ뷴ŵṱȣĻһһ
ūĻĻҵǻͽҾαͽ
һ𡣺ˣ˳һ£Ԫ谵£¾дá
ᡱƪҲһʵڵĵطԪ谿û˰˹ģ
ѧ˵˻ǺǣԺ˹ıʲôˣĻҲա

Ѿ͵ùĶ԰׻Ƽ䣬ʵڲ˵
ʲôеĵطƺδӵԭҵĽͲˡ

ûάгõȨʵ洦ɼһ䣬Դ
ᡣ

(XYS20071021)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

13û

2007-10-17й걨
 

    ʷϣûеڶֻ13ǿҵĿ־
С

     ֻˣ˱֮Ψֲ13
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׵˽һȥ

    ЩǿЦţȴϾò˥һλ˵
פʢٵʹݵĴ46Ҷſ־13ʷ

    ŵĽ֮һǵµ13¥ڽҵʧ1903꣬
ĸ߲㽨ȡע13¥㡣һЩŷ֮ǰõĴ¥Щ
ȴҺŵĴ¥Ҫ±¥ţľƵһ
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˵㷢ֵ14¥ʵǵ13¥ʱÿ־һͷβ
޴ͷûע⵽ǣ־13ǰѡ13¥ıǶ
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ԶڵĻʿìͷָˡ͡Үպ12
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12ͽ֮һ̴ҲһɫʵĹ¼
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    ڴ֮ǰעĿԴ˵Ų񻰣άǵһ
Уħ޻ǵ13Ŀˣɱеһλ񲨶Ŷ

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ͷʾǿ1896,ŦԼʱͼ13ǲ
ġһһݵĴ𰸣ǵ˴·Լ
ӵȵλõһ˹Ľۣ13κһûʲôá
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ʷŶŦԼ1881ˡ13ֲսǸֵµš
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Ϊֲ13Ա֮һ

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Ϊ׼װֲܾĳ͹

    13ֲѸٳΪŦԼܳ罻ֲԾ˵ٶȷչ׳
ͳΪԱǧľֲԱй13ͬľ
ȫԼ֤ŵĻԡǣ֤
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ģ67󣬡˿ͳѧĵ30Ǹ
ֲ֮⡣13ŵȫʢȣοû֪
ŵá

    13һֵĹŹʷN÷Ү½Ļ


(XYS20071021)

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