                         ˿µϣ20071103գ

07.11.03, ӡʦѧѧ＼ѧԺԺ
07.11.03, ڡпԺѧǸϸĽڡһеʵ
07.11.03, ¬ġйʴѧԺʿʵƷϽѧʡ𣿡
07.11.03, һ롶йѧʿѧѧ
07.11.03, JudyϾѧһ컯ѧίԱᡷ
07.11.03, ˼¡˹һۻᡷ
07.11.03, YushƽαϻƬͼٻߴ֮ա
07.11.03, ڡֽϻйѧǶô顱
07.11.03, Ұè㡱һ֡
07.11.03, ֪ߡαѧѾɡ
07.11.03, ǡͱԩ
07.11.03, ѰѧơŰϵǡ
07.11.03, ̫ĺĵġ塱
07.11.03, ̫СȱԵļ顪ѡ
07.11.03, ľӡ̫Ūšˡ
07.11.03, xng301Ϊǧԩ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

            ʦѧѧ＼ѧԺԺ

                             ӡ

    ѧվһ2007ȡʡƷγ̡걨걨
лѧγ̣
    
http://www.ynni.edu.cn/jpkc/shengji/huaxue/application/application.doc

    ʦϸġѧо
УѧλΪʿѧΪʿ󡱣Ǵǰ֤Ǽ
ģڱСĴѧġһгƪӢģ
Ҳ֤ȫǵùͬߵġлһЩǴǰûע
⵽ݣڡеɵҪĿһ5Ŀ

1ֽѧоصĿ"-CF2SO3Hųǿĺϳɼ߻
о"2007
2ѧ˲ŻĿ"ҩԴùؼо"
2007
3ERC's Project [NASA]Ŀ "Studies on New Hydrocarbon 
Based Propellants"2005⣩
4ȻѧNSFĿ"New Synthetic Methodologies 
in Organosilicon Chemistry"2003⣩
5MeadWestvaco. ProjectĿ"Integrative Treatments of 
Effluent"2003⣩

    ǰĹĿȲֻѽ
Ŀ

3ERC's Project [NASA]Ŀ "Studies on New Hydrocarbon 
Based Propellants"2005⣩

    ϼݴѧվϿ֪ǸУѧϵSurya G.K. 
PrakashеĿ19971998ﵱѧߣ
ĳ⵹пܣĿ2004ŴERC˾õģ
뿪Բ̫ܡɡ

4ȻѧNSFĿ"New Synthetic Methodologies 
in Organosilicon Chemistry"2003⣩

    Ȼѧݿ⣬δ鵽⡣

5MeadWestvaco. ProjectĿ"Integrative Treatments of 
Effluent"2003⣩

    MeadWestvacoֽҵ˾ıõıѧ
ʿDeniel Rui WangĿǰڸù˾ĿڵĻҲ
ġ

    ɴ˿ɼйصĲȫðͬߵġ
йصĲأֽѧоصĿ-CF2SO3Hųǿ
ϳɼ߻оѧ˲ŻĿҩ
ԴùؼоϽ衰ʦƺšй
ȫѧعԱƼ˲Žʡ衰
ʡרҡƺšЩһҲɵģ鶼ȥ顣
ֻҪƭҴܵõġѧƭйЩһҲ֣
ûõֵġǵȷʱġʦ



2-1

Ϣ	 		Ա			1963.11
	ѧ	ʿ	ְ  		 	08715134845
	ѧ λ	ʿ	ְ  		 	08715134845
	Ժϵ	ѧ＼ѧԺ	E-mail	rwchem@21cn.com
	ͨŵַʱࣩ	ʡһһ134Żѧ＼ѧԺ(650031)
	о	лѧ
2-2
ѧ
	ڵҪγ̣γơγѧʱѧ
ţеʵԽѧʵ顢ʵϰγơ
ҵ/ģѧֵĽѧо⣨ơԴޣ
ڹ⹫еĿϷĽѧоģĿ
ơʱ䣩ʮõĽѧ/

1.	ڵıרҵרҵγ
лѧʵ飨רҵΣ3ܣ4죬ѧ160ˣлṹ
רҵΣ4ܣ3죬ѧ140ˣOrganic Chemistry --- 
ExperimentרҵΣ4ܣ5죬ѧ60ˣAdvanced Lab 
Techniques in Organic ChemistryרҵΣ6ܣ5죬ѧ60
ˣлҩϳƣרҵΣ4ܣ1죬ѧ22ˣȿγ̣
442ˡ
2.	ָʵѧ
  ָʵƣ2죬72ˡ
3.	ѧоĿ
ɽʦߵרѧУ"ʦ˫רҵģʽ"оʵ
4.	ýѧ
Ͻ"ʦ"ƺš
2-3
ѧ
о	еѧо⣨ơԴޡ
ãڹ⹫пϷѧģĿ
ơʱ䣩õѧо/
ơ赥λʱ䣩
1.	еɵҪĿ
1ֽѧоصĿ"-CF2SO3Hųǿĺϳɼ߻
"2007
2ѧ˲ŻĿ"ҩԴùؼо"
2007
3ERC's Project [NASA]Ŀ "Studies on New 
Hydrocarbon Based Propellants"2005⣩
4ȻѧNSFĿ"New Synthetic Methodologies 
in Organosilicon Chemistry"2003⣩
5MeadWestvaco. ProjectĿ"Integrative Treatments of 
Effluent"2003⣩
2.	Ĵѧ
1Rui WangC. Chen, J. S. GratzlDechlorination of chlorophenols 
found in pulp bleach plant E-1 effluents by advanced oxidation 
processesBioresource Technology, 96(2005) 897-906SCIEI¼
2Rui WangC. Chen, J. S. GratzlOzonation, characterization of 
lignin& ozonated preparationsHolzforschung,58, 622-630, 2004SCI
EI¼
3Rui WangC. Chen, J. S. GratzlDechlorination and decolorization 
of chloro-organics in E-1 effluents by advanced oxidation processes
Bioresource Technology, 94(2004) 267-274SCIEI¼
4Rui WangC. Chen, J. S. GratzlSurface active properties of the 
ozonated kraft ligninsHolzforschung, 58, 631-639, 2004SCIEI
¼
 5E.Wang*, Rui Wang*, J. DeParasis, J.H. Loughrin,S.Gan, G.J. Wagner, 
Suppression of a P450 hydroxylase gene in plant trichome glands 
enhances natrual-prouct based aphid resistanceNature 
Biotechnology,19(2001) 371-374SCIEI¼*These authors 
contributed equally to this work
3.	ѧ
120075£йȫѧعԱ"Ƽ˲Ž" 
220068£ʡ"ʡר"ƺţ 

(XYS20071103)

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ڡпԺѧǸϸĽڡһеʵ

ʦоѧ

һͨĿѧߡԡΪ¶ʵ¼Ϊһͨ
Ŀѧ߶ѧΡΪ˿ϷĹڡпԺ
ѧǸϸĽڡ£ע⣬ÿѧʦ
ֶдˣΪ߻ǲʵ࣬ǹʵࡣ
Ǻʦʱһѧϰѧеᵽ
µĵһߣйọ̈̄Ϊһн۵
ѧۡǸл˿ṩĹƽ̨ø˽ʵ
ȫࡣ

һڡ2004¹ѧDaniel Friebelڡ ʵࡣ

Daniel Friebel ˣDaniel Friebel ʱǵ¹Bonnۻѧ
Ķ꼶о20028£200612ɲʿѧλģ
˹̹ѧͬʵʿ󣬵ʱڶλ֪Ŀѧ
ߡΪġڡǸµĵһߺΨһͨѶߡָ
ʦK. WandeltڣFriebelеһˣȴΪͨѶ
ߡWandeltСõ绯ѧSTMҺоCu䣬
չCu(111)ṹӵȹFriebelڸѧϰ
䣬ڸнCu(111)лӵװSTMоԹϵ
ͬϵ޽㿪ʼĽ
Langmuir ¡

ڶLangmuir ¹̵ʵࣨϸ뿴ĵĸ¼֣

֪Ŀѧߡʡ˸ʵ̣ûиߴ2004
3Friebelķ֮󣬻ʦձѧKingo Itaya
ǹʵ绯ѧSTMܳĿѧңһΪͬͨѶдĹ
FriebelԭCommentLangmuir, 2004, 20,2807-2807ͬڻ
FriebelһƪcommentLangmuir, 2004, 20,2808-2808ڸУ
FriebelԭȵĹ۵㣬ûµʵ

⣬ǺItayaһйʵ,ظԭĽͷ
Friebelԭfull paper( ĿEffect of Cl- impurity 
on the adsorption of organic molecules on Cu(111) investigated by 
cyclic voltammetry and STM)ͶLangmuir ༭2004510ת
, ԭȫ£

I think that the authors work is good and that their 
conclusions are well supported by their results. I am convinced that 
they are right in their defense of their STM images. However, I 
think that this would be better addressed in some other form-say as a 
brief letter or note to the editor rather than a full length paper. I 
think that defending ones work is important, but that it does not 
warrant a full paper. (This was already done with a comment published 
in Langmuir!!) ༭ΪҪ۵ڸÿCommentʽǳû
бҪظ

ڴԺFriebelûзCu(111)лӵоת
ΪAu(111)ϵоĲʿĿΪIn situ STM studies of 
ultrathin copper chalcogenide films on Au(111) electrode surfaces
ǣȣ2004ԺʦоȻCuл
оȺ󷢱ƪйCu(111)Һ·װ
оĺһƪ£Top. Cata. (Review paper) 2005, 35(1-2), 
131-139J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108, 965-970; Langmuir, 2006, 22, 
3640-3646Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 627-631Langmuir, 2004, 20, 
3006-3010ԭ£ҲһֱõͬеãSCIΪ80
Ρ

رӦָǣоɹһֱõѧͬеĹ㷺Ͽɺ
磬ʦ걻׫д£ڻѧȨ
־Acc. Chem. Res. ºJ. Phys. Chem. CFeature Article
Fabricating and Controlling Molecular Self-Organization at Solid 
Surfaces: Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Li-Jun Wan, Acc. 
Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 334-342; Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling 
Microscopy: Adlayer Structure and Reaction at Solid/liquid Interface, 
Dong Wang and Li-Jun Wan, J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 16109-16130

ڶԱʵʵ

ǲ֪λ֪ĿѧߡΪΪǲԱʵġSTM
иȺԭӼ߷ֱʣԿԭӺͷӡ绯ѧSTM乤
ҺУȶ񵽸߷ֱպʹѵö࣬Ҫ
רҵϸĿѧѵΪѶȣԿչоо
ָʦо֮һǽʵҵĵһ쿪ʼ
ʦǵʦʦǱ㷴ǿʵעʦ˵ڿԭ
ͷӣ˴ԭˮƽϿǺʵÿһʵǰᣬƷ
ϴֱͼҪı׼Ҫͬʱ
ĽͰ뵼缫УCuAuPtȱȽϣҪõĶ࣬Һв
õԭӼƽͭ棬STMʱĵλƵ൱Ҫ
漫˹Cu缫о࣬Cuлӵо
ټһ棬ҺйҺĴҪʣ
ּڵ绯ѧSTMо绯ѧSTMʵ
ԱʵѾΪʶ

ʵϣǲÿϵҪԱʵ飬ÿʵ鶼ҪԱʵ顣
CuʱҪԱʵ飬ʱҲҪԱʵ飬е绯ѧ
STMʵ鶼ҪԱʵ顣ҪȿױԭӣԼȷϽṹ֤
Һ͵缫ټӡоϵĶԱʵ
б־༭ÿƪ¶гԱȽҲǳʶ

ϱȫʵࡣȫͬλ֪Ŀѧߡ
¶ʵ¼ΪһͨĿѧ߶ѧΡǷ
ӳʵһҪȫ棬Ҫġʵѧ£Ҳ׼


¼֣Langmuir ¹̵ʵϸ

Friebel°绯ѧ͵绯ѧSTMֽ1Cu(111)ڸ
Һеѭͼ2Cu(111) ĽṹлCu(111) 
STMͼ

һ棬ǻõѭͼǰѭͼһ
һ棬ֻڴӣ150mV 50 mVλõһЩģ
ġζԳƵĵ״ͼǳΪCuԭ񣬸ؼû
õκлCu(111)STMͼ񡣾ݴˣһ棬Ϊѱ
ѭͼʦձԼع󷢱ĲйCu(111)
л绯ѧSTMо£ԣһ棬Ϊʦˣ
ձԼع󷢱ĲйCu(111)л绯ѧSTM
£ڵ绯ѧSTM¿Cu(111)лӲлӣ
OH-ClO4-޻ӡҪõ绯ѧSTM Һûпκ
лӡ

ڻLangmuir־תFriebelĺǺʦԼձ
ѧItayaͬʱʼԭȱĵ绯ѧSTMظʵ飬ͨϵͳ
ʵ飬ȫظȱĽڴ˻ϣǿʼоFriebel
ԭFriebelĵ绯ѧѭͼУһԼҲ֪
壬ΪXͲڴ˷塣Ƕ϶ҺлCu(111)缫
ʡͨʵ飬ֵҺ΢Ӵʱȫظ
FriebelѭͼSTMͼ񡣸ý˵ʵõҺ
ڣҪԭ΢CuúǿӰ
олӵ

ҵFriebelнԭ򣬲ظFriebelʵ
ϣʦItayaһΪдһƪCommentеҪǣ
1Cu(111)ڸеѭͼб˵Ľǰ
еĽһ¡Friebel˱ѭͼĿǰκһֽ
ͬΪҺ¡2ںCuĴڣȻЩ
ӿܴﲻγһŨȣCu(111)治ȶ
˵òCuԭ£ʹҺмлӣ
ڣһӰӵҲòͼֻܵõòͬ
ӽṹȫûжӦģûйɺԽ͵STMͼЩFriebel
бĽȫһ¡

ǣʹõǴҺƷȷʣCu(111)
һı棬ҺУCu(111)ѭͼFriebelȱ
Ĳͬбнһ¡ͬʱSTM˫λ
ζԳƵCuԭ񣻵ʱֿɵõеķ
ЩͼᶨȣзӶصSTMͼ

ˣѺ˵Friebel˵ǲԵġ

⻹ҪһFriebelᵽ(4x4)ṹʵϣз
װγ˵(4x4)ṹ磬γ(3x3)ṹȡһ
ǵ¾ͻ֪ʵֵһ

Ϊµƪޣǲоʵϸڡλͬѧ
ĲʿжϸزCu洦ĽΪ
B200118003202817ģĿCu淼лʶ븴Ͻṹ
оĵ(ྻо)ϸ

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йʴѧԺʿʵƷϽѧʡ

¬

йʽ2006145-49ҳһƪͨѶ, Ŀ: 
ʵƷ Ͻѧ  йѧԺԺʿڡ, ľȤ, 
¼ҷ:

ѧ, ǽڽ˵ص㡱̺
α̬, ƳͶĵ¾񡱡

ᳫ¾, ǽѧּ

Ϊ, ˴,  ̸µʹ, , 
õĿѧºѧǿѧΪ׼ա 󾫡Ϊ, ¿
ѧо̤ʵ, ܲ, Ҫ׼ȷ

뵳־Ըд: ԼɳĹ, ûеĲ
, ûԼǰ;һСǵĽʹҳɳΪһսʿ
ʦҵһжڵ񡯡

Ժʿ̸ Ⱥ8ȥǴѧմѧޡ
ʱ˵: šҹ˾ҹ, ̿ż, ӱʼ, 򾴰
ѧУԳ



ȥ굱ͼ￴ԺʿⷬĻʱܸж, ȭ
ȭ񰮿ѧġӡ֮,  ǡʵƷ Ͻѧʡ
ѧҵĻƷ, òȻ֮顣

ˡ˿ϼƪ¶йʴѧ(人) Ժʿѧ
ٺƭȡȻѧпԺԺʿͷε:

http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/gaoshan2.txt
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/gaoshan3.txt
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/jinzhenmin.txt
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/jinzhenmin3.txt
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/jinzhenmin4.txt
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/gaoshan4.txt
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/zhangjunfeng.txt

ضйʽƪڽԺʿĳƪͨѶ, پܻ, 
Żֲӡ¾˵ Բ, Բšءһ
ѧٺƭ֮, Բѵس޵ʲô ѧʡ 
ʵƷ Ĳ, ҵһжڵ, 滬
֮! ҿ˼, ѵԺʿĶԹѧƪ
ӡȻǿһ֪? ѵԺʿĸҰйѧĹ
ͬʰЩӢԺʿ;쵼ɵ ơ? ֪ʶȨ
Ǵѧӱ߷Уġ ͨûκιϵġ 
ֲܱظȻº͸ɽڵ һȷ֤ ɹ
ǿһ, һȻѧȽ, ڻͨʵʵʮ
깤ġУĵ˽·㡢֣ƽȽų, Ƿʧ? 

׫ĺйʴѧ йʽ
ʵͳ, òʵش ϵľٱɡ 
(http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/dizhidaxue.txt)
źǣйʴѧ人ٷ˸޷Ӧ (, 
Ĭǵľٱ), ΨһķӦֻǴƵվɾ
ȥ񡢸ɽ¾桢Ϣе¶ù֪
, ɻ¶Ϊ֪, ʴѧҲ̫ùΪ˰ɡ

ϸ, ж; ̫Ӻ, ¶ɧī͡йѧ
, ӬӪ֮ͽˮ⡢˷ŴĿо (
Ѫ), ЩֱСط̤ʵصĿԱȴ㡣 һ
Щ쵼̬ۺϡЦƶЦ潡ĲŤ˵ļֵ
ȥ, ڿѧͶܶǮ, Ƽ»һջ! 

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йѧʿѧѧ

һ

ʿڻʱϵһƪ¡ͳĻܿ󻯸ˡ 
http://vip.bokee.com/20070904377084.htmlһѧо
ȤΪøѧοϣάϼʿģһ
˴һ

1.	йͳѧеʷʷѧʦѧԺѧ
2006, 26(5):98-101
2.	ʷйͳʷѧݴѧѧ2006,19(2):68-71
3.	йͳѧеʷʷѧʦѧѧ
(ѧ)2005,6:65-68
4.	йͳѧеʷʷѧ̳
2005,4:71-74
5.	йͳѧеʷʷѧѧԺѧ
2005,14(3)47-51
6.	ʷַйʷѧ̫ԭʦѧԺѧ(ѧ)
2006,5(2):108-110
7.	ʷַйʷѧѧԺѧ
2006,25(1):106-108
8.	ʷַйʷѧʦѧԺѧ
2005,20(5):20-22

ʿһڣѧѧӶ̳Ͽˣƪȫ
ͬѧģʵҵĵʿ𾢹ġ
ѧһǿһϣֻǸꡢĭͳꤻ֪
оԺĽο

1974Ϊйѧѧϵ2003ʿоΪѧ
ʿйѧоԺоԱ(http://wangdasan.vip.bokee.com/
http://www.chinavalue.net/authorindex.aspx?id=15283
http://www.hxfx.net/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=35&id=25411й
http://www.zgrj.cnվ̸̳http://bbs.zgrj.cnܰ
ľ̳http://bbs.zgrj.cnܰڲйר
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渽ƪPDFļ

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Ͼѧһ컯ѧίԱ

Judy

Ͼѧ³һǹҼ--ѧоģ
˵һѧίԱ
http://jcpnpc.nju.edu.cn/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&
sectionid=4&id=22&Itemid=51ίԱĹʵطӳйĿǰѧ
ɱһ棬ѧȨС檡λеλȨ͹Ǯ
оԱкѧɾأλһѡҲ֪ǿʲôо
ԱģȻйоԱֵǮ û֪֮ǿ
ЩĴƨ֮Ƶǰ̨⣬Ϊ˹עĲֵһѧ¼
׹⡱֪Ͳ˰ΪʲôҪ̰컯ѧί
ԱأٿλеλԺʿһ֪Ƕʮˣ
ǶǸѧ̩Ϊںѧɲ֪ô
ĸԸ˵۵ѧɾ͵ᴦͬΪѧίԱأ Ϊ
еȨǮѵѧûˣ ʮǰУ
ʱϾѧĶȥˣ

ѧίԱ

һѧίԱԱ

Σ Li TPԺʿ廪ѧģ
ԱƴĸΪ򣩣
½ Chen JSԺʿѧϵ
Ӹ Dai ZGڣϾѧϵ
 Dong GXоԱȻѧίԱѧĴ
½ Hao JXоԱйѧԺĴ
 Jing YPоԱйѧԺϺ̨
  Pu MоԱȻѧίԱѧII
 Ren ZZ, , Ͼѧϵ
ݷ Wang YFоԱйѧԺо
 Wu YLоԱйѧԺо
  Yan JоԱйѧԺϽɽ̨̨
ż Zhang JLԺʿйѧѧģ
˫ Zhang SNڣ廪ѧģ
  Zhao GоԱйѧԺ̨̨
Թ Zhao GDԺʿѧϵ
Ԫ Zhou YYԺʿйѧѧģ
 
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¡˹һۻ

ߣ˼

1014գѧ¡˹Richard Dawkins͢
ݽ˻ᣬĿѧMPIbpc
档ѧȦｲ壬ӦǺܵ˰ɣȥ
ʵܶ࣬ϰ˵ıġ벻ǣڵ
ϣһֱʱ䣬ʮΪֹš
зȵӢʿֻڻӦļ϶ԡע˿
ôãǶйҽαѧѺͲ
ᣬʵᣬڿѧȦܹԵҲɡ

ȥʱûֽʣ֮ǰɽȥˣǸˣһֱ
ܱʼ飬мʴһǲеıʣ˵򵥵עǣ
ĵá¹ȥˣھԼӡ̵һƬϣ
׸λзӡս֮ǵӢʿҲ׸Щѧ
ѵ˰ɡ

˵֮ǰֻ֪֣ͨбˣûĿŵ˹
Ѿô㹻˽˰ɡڹĴȥʱ
ֻļƣĺ󣩡ȥ֮˳ƪ۵
˶ʮӣᵽ˹顶ϵ۵Ĵķ죬һ
Ļŵ˹һ˵:

ΪԼ͢ģҪ棬¹
ţţЦ˴ȥ׻ɣҽͲʲôˣǾ͸
ֻᣨseminarҿʣۡ

ڴеġˡûˣԤ׼ȴ
Сʱ˹ᵽڴʱĹƻԣ
˵ѶԻ

ӡдòͬĴʷἰǣɲһ֣õģ
Ϳѧƽ˾ְľ棿ҪԵ˹ѧ
ڽ̵Щᡱ˿̫
̫г

⣬˹ʼռԼķڽڻشзǿ

1Ϊڿѧ޷ش⣬ڽ̾ͿԻشǸ
߼

2ĿǰԴڽ̣ǲݣǹˡ漰
ڽϰߣǳʶڽòڽ֮УǷ
ģһǣ浽Faith is not something you can question
ζžܾһĹͨˡ

3ʵһЩڽ֯ͼСѧϽڴۺ
intelligence designһҪôڿѧڽ̵ֱӳͻ
нܽ

4ڽгڽ̴ǷѺìܡ
˹˹ըֲϮΪ̫ˣȷʵ˲
ٷккڽһ˶˱
defensive

5ô޺ڽΣ˹ΪͬΣյģΪڽ
һųжϵ˼Ͷ֤ݵѰcritical thinking and 
call for evidence˹ͼǵԾʶ˼to 
raise peoples consciousness; think for themselves
Super-nature is a shortcut that leads nowhere.

ʣôǧʷΪʲôڽ̻ôӰأ
Ȼѡ𣿣Ǻǣǳҽͽء

Ϊѧң˹Ҫֵsurvival valueǶȿ
ڽ̴ĺԡһ򵥵Ľʹ¿˵ڽ̶а
Ŀ־壩߾ЧʴӶᡣôŻ
һЩ෴ЧҲûС˹Ц˵ϻʱ򣬱
õˣӱܵ˴Щ

ôôڽ̵ձںӰأ˹һȣΪ
ڽ̾һ߱ĳҸƺʹɢĹܡ⣬
ڽ̣ܺӤ׶ʱڷȨϰйأ

뷨ʮִҡÿǲģһԴ
ԣҪԸʱʵ˶Ӥ
׶һֱڣҪˡ෢չǻ۵Ĵۡ
Ȼһ̵ͷӣ˸γɵǱӰж޷

ڱĺֱԷʱ䣬˹ϵ⵽һЩؿ
˹ֲֻֿһ棬ΪʲôûڽĹҷ
ɱ¾أսڽģȵȵȡ˹ֻ˵
ﲢû̸Щڽ֯ҲƽϢһЩ˶ָڽ
ŭЩϲˣͬ˹ģΪ
Χѻ˸ôhard⣬ұʾ˵Ϊһ
ĸףҶڽԴӤ׶ڷȨϰһܴ
ϣܽһܱͯԾ˼ʶ˹ȻЩƣ
ˣûܺؿҵ⣬ֻʵش˵Ƕͯѧ
רң˵ŮŻ̫СһЩһЦ

˹ĿƷУ˽ĻΪ֪ҲڸġⱾ
ͼӻĽǶȣִŴѧĹ۵ۡ飬Щ
˱ֵҲľɥѵֻǱݵһѪ𣿾˵
Ȿвٶ߸˹дţиѧʦΪѧ
ʧȥļֵ塣㷺һ˹ˣ
ܿȥĶţȴ־ġۻͻȻѡ
ʱӦ˵

Natural selection itself has no long term foresight, but human do. 
Natural selection builds in long term foresight by building a brain!

˹Ƽ
˽Ļ򡷣1976꣩The Selfish Gene
äӱ1986꣩The Blind Watchmaker
ϵ۵Ĵ2006꣩The God Delusion.

ǲĹΣΪٶǷ벻˱
ǵһЩؼʣ¼Ӣġ

(XYS20071103)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ƽαϻƬͼٻߴ֮

ߣYush

ͼİhttp://www.xys-reader.org/blogs/yush/?p=6332

ɲϻƬʹõòԼϻʵʳߴģ
ģʵ顣ڹҵزԸԽλϻƬ
α£ҶġԽλ⡣

ɵһΪ1/40ٶ㣬ֻк
ǳĺáͬ£ͳߴϣģ
Լ֮һɡ43겻ϻѳĽߣȷ
ʵȫһ룿

ʵϽġרҵģв֮һ߽Աȹ
գ35סȦF5.01/40룩Ͷũĳֻк
Ƭȴͣȴû뵽ˮƽǺġĿԲ,
¶׹⡱Ƭгõġٶȸţ41
סȦF5.01/25룩ǶϻĽ̶ȹƲ㡣ʵ
ϣϻ˫ۼжϣ۾ǵģ⻢յ 1.7ֱ
Ϊ7041أģ⻢ֹ֮һƬлͷ
ģڵȷ߽磬˿ɲûȷ

еġϻģ⻢ߴͬôǶأ
Canon EOS 400Dֱ3888X2592CMOSߴΪ22.2mmX14.8mmݵ
Ƭ35ףϻ˫֪꣬˫۳Ϊ41أݡ
С/Сϻ˫ۼΪ
20/35*(41/3888*22.2)=0.134סȺ󹫲12ĽֱΪ35
41ףֱΪ7073أϻߴͬݡ
С/СõյֱΪ
0.134*35/(70/3888*22.2)=11.7׺0.134*41/(73/3888*22.2)=13.2סУ
ǰݰͷ0.3ס160ؼļǺ
0.3*35/(160/3888*22.2)=11.5ףYushʡҵι
˹ڻϻƬµ(XYS20071028)

ļ൱ȷġϣ10״30׵壬
ɵģΪ4أΪ0.3ңü
ʵʲϡ

ͼɻսࡢ۾ࡢ

յʵ뼫пܱȼĻҪ̱һ
ҵĻ˲顱Ƭߴ400300أƬվ
߳90ء1.70ףƬΪ35׵Ч
ӦƬߴ3624ףδãΪ 
1.7*35/(90/300*24)=8.3ףǺδãΪ
1.7*35/(90/400*36)=7.3סƬ Աϻ
λáģôڸλĻվ78ס

Խֳе˵ĳߴؿͬλĻ
жԱȡշŴ3ǰҶԶɵĳߴؿ
һŻջͬ˵λûͬƫ20
ңҿշŴ3뻢Чͬ͸ӹϵ
Ա׵λӦþϻλáѻеϻõϣ
ԿͷСͷ൱Լ16ס

ͷΪ16׿һ㣬12ֻ6.3
7.0ס

ͼֳƬͬλĻϻƬ

󲿷αϻƬǶȶǳͣʹýĲľ֦ҶԵ÷ǳ
λõ΢䶯ͻɳܴ䶯ټϡϻ̫Сߴֻ
ϻһ룬˰ӡеϻС۲Ƭɴ
Դĳֲѧڵ̳̳һ̫͵ľͲҪ
شϲѶ֤Ƭϻȷʵᶯʵϻƶλ
ú󣬵Ǻɫĵε桱λ΢ƶ¶
Ľѡ

ֻһǶȽϸߣӦΪվ㣩Ļգ޲Ҷڵͻϻ
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ͼαյ㷽λ

ֳƬΪܹ͸¶ʵĳϻʵ
Ҳ׿ӦþҵΪʲôֻһżģ
ĺڰƬԭ̨¼ĿƬޡ
http://news.cctv.com/society/20071030/108411.shtmlΪ˶ص
ܣǴӵĻϷ¼ֳ¼ģҹؼ仹˿
Ҳ²ʵƵԭ˵ĳߴߵĲ͸¶ܡ



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ࡡ۾ࡡ
ɻա 35ס41ء20
135ס70ء11.7
241ס73ء13.2

ֳƬͬλĻϻƬ
http://www.xlogit.com/xysupload/tigerd2.jpg
գ
1. վ1.70ס90
2. Ч35׼
õ78

գͷ16׿
õ1267

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ƬCԭ뻢ͷȸߵXνϸ֦Dϻ
ƬDǶȽϸߣӦΪվ㣩޲Ҷڵͻϻ֮

http://www.dpnet.com.cn/html/2007-11/20071102_26949.html
ƽҰϻƬ֮ ƪģ
ߣɲ顡Դα༭졡ڣ2007112


ѽ飬βĺֱ֣ʵȡ֤Ǻͬ
뷨Ϊܺ붼Ӳָ꣬ƬҲؽΪһʮ
ֱ۵Ĳοˣ֯ģ㣬ȫʹõ
òԼѧṩϻߴģʵ顣

յıȽ
ͬΪ20ԭʼȫͼ
http://www.dpnet.com.cn/upload/200711214587103.jpg
http://www.dpnet.com.cn/upload/2007112145835176.jpg
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http://www.dpnet.com.cn/upload/200711215027246.jpg
http://www.dpnet.com.cn/upload/200711215035613.jpg

һٶԽͣԽײֶӰ졣ͨٶֵ
ھͷX1.6ĵôٶȾǷֶֹӰС
ٶȡ磬35mm X 1.6 = 1/56롣

Ч
ֲͨŴ50-40׾룬ģ壻30׾룬
ǿԽܣ20׾룬Ŀϸڿɱ档ʵ֤ȫ
ģʽֹֻȣȰ밴ŶԽȫĻ
20-30֮ĻӦû̫⡣1/40
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ƬԱȣ
Զ׼ͬΪ20룬1ȫͼͼͷԿͳ
ϣģ⻢Լ֮һ2ȫͼͼϿͬľͷ
Σպģ⻢յ͸Ч൱ԵĲ죬ֳȫͬĿ
СƺֻܽΪ43겻ϻѳĽߣ
ȷʵȫһ룿

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4f100ac001000daf.html
ؿ - BLOG
Ұϻ龰ԭ 2007-10-26 17:23:38
165610ڶʮšĿԲ¶׹⣬ϡԿֻβ
Ƭгõһšûзı䡣

http://news.huash.com/2007-10/30/content_6643431.htm
3ϻƬüǰ(ͼ)
20071030 05:47:33

200710316ʱ5610
41mmȦF5.0ٶ1/25
ĵ24ҰϻƬԭͼ

http://news.163.com/07/1031/02/3S3MAN170001124J.html
ϻ ҵƬ(ͼ)
2007-10-31 02:14:30Դ: -¿챨()

ǣǶأ
أ뿴Ӧ20ϧûȥֳ

ǣ20ףʵ̫ˣô
أҲò˼飬ҽӴһЩˣҵ򵼣
ЩǵҲţҾҲҡ

http://hsb.huash.com/2007-10/21/content_6627149.htm
20071021 03:37:02
ҪƬмٵͷ(ͼ)

Ƭ˵ҵĻ˲

http://hsb.huash.com/images/2007-10/21/xin_331004210443687140033.jpg

ҵֳֹȶƬ

磬ӦýҪƺҵҰֲﱣվ1015
㻪ϻĵص㣬ģ㵱ʱֳйƬ˹


ݶվԱƣ£ҵƵϻ
زֳпģȶԣѰҡϻƬейز󣬹
ԱֳľݴԵйزһ㡣

ԱָƬлϻڵĲݴԣרùԱ
ϻλãӲͬǶƬԱƣյ
жϣϻƬʵġ

http://news.163.com/07/1102/06/3S9AOLM00001124J_2.html
ϻоͨģʵ֤٣ͼ
Ϸб
2007-11-02 06:47:51
صб仯
־˼ͼƬϻֲĲͬΪϻλá
ԺֲоϢĵٹݼƬֲͬͬóϻ
λб任ͨʾͼ׼ȷλá


http://www.emay.com.cn/main/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=1
2390
شϲѶ̳ABC֤Ƭϻȷʵᶯת
¼ͼ̫͵ľͲҪ
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ڼϻƶλú󣬵Ǻɫĵε棬ҲǴæ
ԭɣûниǡ

(XYS20071103)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ֽϻйѧǶô顱

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鲢ӣһũ˵ĵ˻ϻ˵ⲻġ
ʡ쵼ΪԵؾ÷չһ£һҧ˵ģ
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Ҳܼ򵥣һﶮеһ°ɣǸũ񲮲ֲǺι
ţڼֵǹҵ֣˵ũ񲮲
Ұﱣ˺ܴعף
˵Ǽ١

ҵ־һ꣡˵ûè壡80и
Сɴ򻢡ֻ֣ͷȼá
쵼Ⱥڶϻ˺ôϻɴƻ
ˣȫصĹߣҪɴϻµϼٰϻ

ǰΪһĵƷԭһʵ塱Ʒȫء
ȫֶſϻԷ˵ϻǼٵģ㼱ѹĹͷ
Կ

йٳ˵ʵСžžˡ

ɱйĿѧҲôŵ˵ǡ
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ʦѧѧרоϻģĽ͢
ͺܡ顱ҵĽǶȿǸͼϻڿƼ
ƬʲôģҲ飡˼Ƭǲģش
Ƭͼϻͼ񡱣Ҳ֪Ǹϻǣ
ҵֵ쵼Ͱּ˵ɣǵģרңȷΪ
ġ

йѧԺоĽԼߵѯ֤ƬǼ٣λ
˵˵Ĳ˵߱Ƽֻһ䣺ЩعҲ
ϵƭġԭǡǱϾҵ֣͵صЩ˺ģ
˵һЩõĻһѧһƬǼٶ˵㻹
ʲôѧ

뵽ȥ꽻λоƬоĳ½ڣǰѴоƬһ
񹤰桰ĦıǴĥٻı־գȻ
һרҼ˵Ǵﵽˮƽƭ˹ҼԪҪǺڲ
߲ȣҲֳרҡоȻУθйԺԺʿ
ǲԺʿ񹤴ĥоƬֲԭֻһ߯顱
ҺϻһƭҵǮǺܲ

ǰ죬һһŵˣйգֿʼ
йɶʱܵýʵйĿѧңЩѧ
ԼҹشѧйѧǱ̫ˡ
˵̵СŤѧǵĿĲǡ桱ߡ֪ʶϵ
١ǿѧоĿģвС֯ϲǣ
ѧıͬġŤպϣΪʲô
Ϊ˵ĿѾЦҪᵼݡ쵼ϲ
ûϵ쵼úþСΪʲôãΪĳЩ쵼ҵ
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˵ԶģꡰѧҡǮأأӿѧ֤̫תΪʳ
Ķǿܵġ˵ϣ͸Ծġѧݡ֮һҲǮ
ĺͿ̫ܿȫתΪʳءĿѧ
֯ϲñ졣練Ͽ̵Ļ

˵ģǸˡڣڴ½ʱ
˵йͳõŵǰ죬˵ٹ꣬й
һŵλѧԽԽ٣ԽԽס֪
ôܡϲȻⲻ˽̵ģǴ½Ŀѧҽ̻ġ

ǰΣ֮ʣڼª
Ļ֮УʱأȻλŵλйƼ
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޷ǡ֮˼룬֮񡱣

ֽϻĸǿйƼıѧôΪȨ
Ůġ

¼пԺרҵĻ:

ӡ¼1029յıǰŵ鱨浽ȥ
ûеõרҵϿɡ

߲ɷ˳оèƶйѧԺооԱף
ͬʱҲǹҰﱣѧйĸˡ

ʵû̫ϣһЩӡ֮Ƭǿ֮
أ(Ϊ)ǻϻ˵

ҾЩسס

ڵؼ֤ϻڵ飬Ҳͬ飬ķǳΪ
ѣΪҾЩس׵ġ

٣ȥ˭֪ʲôƺأ˭֪ƺˡ֪
ߣҲδοܻⷽӡһӿ
һ˵ľѣһҲܸӷչĻᡣ
л˵

ߣԸԸĶѧ֪ʶƬжϡ

ףѽ˵Ĳ˵

ߣǲԸ˺ǵصĹԱ

ףҾǵЩ˿ҲϵƭģҲǴ
ͦΪѵľءأǱϾҵ֣͵صЩ˺
ģ˵һЩõĻȷʵ 

(XYS20071103)

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㡱һ

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ʲôô뵽ȥģĻǸ˼
ɲж㣬ǽҵ˼ǸʲôĸԺҲж㣬˼ǽд
˭ҶģҾͲ㣬ٺ١ȥ˭Ƕġ

ô뵽ģʵ˵ȥҸ㹤ɸɣڴ
أȻͿ·һֻϻţɵȫ亹
һصļƤԭǸĵļëϻΪǶ԰
ûؽϻšʱ۾һͻ
ˣø˰ɣˡȥҲŰЩû
ȰѴ˸㹻ˣ۾ʹŶӺϻɽļϻҰƬ
ȥЩרңʲô˵רҲܸ㣬שҾͿԸ˰ɡ٣ͷ
˵שҾҪ˭ЩשοõĹ轺߶̫
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ôǴΡۿǸϰкͬŶ㵽ʡǣ5
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ͱԩ
 


ллɽϴסĽһġ

ͱԩͱٺͱӻٱ
棬Ī֮ʱԩԩڣ

Ϊʲôй

ݷӵĽ¶Ժѧ嶨ԺԺ
˵ôй

ѧѧ＼ѧԺѧǣļȥְ֮
ʱĸ˵λҲҪأǿԺĸ߲ϧĻ
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һCreators Synecticsѯ˾Ű˰йŵ
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ѧѧܻһ仰ߣҪ˶ɿѧ
ң֮⣬ǲܵġѧߣеĻȷ
ѧһʱʹ⣬ʲô嶼ˣһʹõˣ
ѧȴûУΪǱǿӸѧŵ˵ģʹˣ
ôܱ֤еĶʵ飬ŵĽأѧ
ûżѧߣαѧһ

ѧϰ˼棬ѧҵԭǴ˵˼ΪʲôǴأ
ΪϲΪʲôдɳʵסһ˲ľΪܿܿ
ھ֪һ֪ùҹѧҾͲͣ̽أһδ
֪ھͻЩˣԹѧҾгȻλ
ͼѧ

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ɢˡŴѧ˿ĵλ⣬ڸ
˵ˣʱͬʱĴ泯죬Ϲս԰ģǰ
Ʒһ๱׳ˣʱ˵һȲ
֣岻ڡ

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⡣ѧ֪ʶϵδﳣ򣬻
ࡣѧԵУȻ׽֮˵
ͺøˣ˵ҪŴѧҵ̶ȣ
׳̶ȥ׾٣ࡣΪʲô׳̶ȵ
أǾһóɱ⣬оȻмߵľóɱʿ
ɽ۳ͳɹᣬû־ʵģֻ
˵⣬˵ˣѾˣΧҲˣ۱۹۲죬
ûǮ

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սרҵרĳһ⣬ѧҵԲ䣬ǾǶ֪ʶ
ĺõ׷ػĽоȻ˳ΪȻѧңо
˳ΪѧңʣڴѧķΧڣ˵
⣬Ȼѧѧδǻ߾Ѿǵ⡣

Ʒõ鷳ύҪгԱ֤ѵļֵЩ
ԳƳҪô鵰ˡչϵĹѧҵĶ壬
ڵѧңѰҲڵѧңΪ֤ⷽҲȷ
˵ѧʿҲѵļֵ⣬Ȼѧѧļֵ
Զ׼Ʒøڵ˽ʵʵĽּ
̫ۡʹһʵǸСʵ⣬Ϻɣ
ȴʡʵ۾·  ִ᾿бҪֽ

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̫ǲҪѧսһҪѧҵķ룬ҿõһЩ
ҽһһӶѧҽֻҪ
ƻ󵰸⣬ûѧҽ
ɣ˵ѰˣǱӣʵƷöԣӦЩ
ѰƤǵķ񻹲ȫûãǵĹ˿ͶԣǮֵ
ģھѧ漰ֵжϣھѧл𵽾ת
뾭ùģá

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Ԫ룩봿ѧҵǰ߿Ǻߵѧڶԣ
µʾƽ$48,000$59,000$82,000
ʿʱ˵ˣõĲʿ$48,000ѧ
ڵĹʾ͸Ĺʲࣺʮٷλ$36,000רҵ
ĽȣͱǲҪһ״̬ԣѧһ
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ƽ$52,000

̫ҵĹ۵ɡѧҡԣΪѧĹ
ΧռΪѧֿѹѧҲѧ룩ѧоѾ
Сóɱ͵ִ˷ǵĿʱ˶࣬
һȫԲ͹ݣַʽ
ǶȣѧҴ֩۲ԣǻۣ˼ĸУ
ǰֻרҵԱ棬ڴҿʱֻҪԸ⣬һѣҳ֮Ϊ
ѧûãǡѧҡԷġѧҡûá

ǰѰѵĻվӣҲҪСѧҡվӣ
ѧûתͨ˵ͼǡѧҡҪѧѧѧò͸
Ҫвһ۲Ծͻɱ֮࣬û취ѧҡⲻû
棬ЦڳΣеģǡǡǿѧѧ
ûиĴͳѧѧ߶̤ʵˣɵȥת
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˵ǣȻƴӣѧĳԱ߰˽ѣмֵΣ
ѧͶԿѧǳơͳѧʲôׯӣӣ׾ھ
ȣͳͳǺơѧ滢Ƥ඼ƣڳһ
ߵеĿѣȻǾǾ

ѧ˶ͨ˵ҪһͨˣרְרҵŬרְר
ҵ֮ĳ棬ΪһСľҪƭҰ׳յˣ
ȡʼƣͿÿ򣬺֮Уйر
࣬ܶʱ㲻ƭ׷ʧġйαѧٿѧض࣬ʹǶ
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ҪΪָʵָѧָǮһе
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ü͵ĳɱǷЩѰԣɲҪ߻ħΪ
Щ̫ø˶μһ֧飬ȥƱ˶ʧңͶԲѰ
Ȱˡ

ʲôԶԸأ߼ʶ˵ǡ߼
ΪҪȴΪˣΪģʶĲ
֮֮֮ܽʶȻľȱ߼
Уֱ֪綼ģȱġ߼
ʧҲȫʧֻǱ˼άסˡѲ
òһ㣬ƬһӰƬи׶СŮ˵Im big, you are 
small Im right, you are wrongҴСҶֱ
ӵ˽ĿԣΪѾú˷
Ӽ࣬ΪҪμһıۣϲ˽
˼뽻ģҲټۣɥʧ߼ˣҲ
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δ֪ѧĳʶѧ˾δسϡʶȡᣬ֪ʶΧ
󣬿ɿӣԽ鳣˶˼һҪѵı˼ά
һٳɶ࣬ʡ鷳ʶĿɿԱ߼ҪЩѧʱ
ƷʶǶԳʶԽ벹䡣ڳʶ߼ָͬһ
ʱһҪѣҪŴʦȨ

˵Ǿڲܺ˵Ķ֪ʶǴģȴǿȡģ
Ƭ֪ʶγȫ֪ʶ෴Ľ֪ۡʶĴˣ˾벻
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ȡжϣûмֵбֵʵüֵ
ûȥĽ

ϿԵֿƶţʵУ
òͣϢͨʵӦĥʹӼЧ
Ϊʲô˿աרҵĿкôǿĿ
ľʧӹЧʡ

صŰ˰߼һ˵˹̹
ţΪѧ׿ԽĹףȱ⻷ͻԵú
˵˹̹ĸڲ˵ۣһţǾˡ
һ͵ϸ˵ۣһţⲻˡ
һԺɺ߼ϻǺ
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˶һѣҪѧĿѡӹǫԺ˫ۣ
ĳʶѴţǾͶ벻٣ûҪţ
̫ţѰҲţߣҲŻҲſɲŰ񣿲ܣ
˹̹ţ˭ǸţѧҾͲĵ£
ȣܱȣûбҪȣͽα⡣ǺǶŰԶ
Ϊơ

˵ǾͿʲĶѡԾùʼΪ
߸ֵѡΪɶЧӦִУ˭
˭˾Ӱٲ飬Ҳ׬һʸѡô
ǿƲ⣬ѯ˾ܽҵ񲻺ãԱҲţ
һŰ񣬿Ӯ㿴ŶǶ
ģųɶˡ˵һѣͿǰ
ѿϺõͶʻأȫʮλڱ˼ά
ӵȺпǳõļǮ˵ǣǾͿԶ
Цˣ٣һƣתҲϸϲƣ

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ˣ룬ʹһϵҲ֪ԩɡ

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