                         ˿µϣ20071107գ

07.11.07, ӡͿʵĶ
07.11.07, ϸУ֪ĵ
07.11.07, ʿաͩ
07.11.07, ѧŴڳͷѧ
07.11.07, ѧԺ޴ġ桱
07.11.07, 塶ҶϻƬɻ
07.11.07, Yushα¼ϯֲѧҸ־ʲôѧ⡱
07.11.07, ġֲѧҸ־ܲרҵ㣿
07.11.07, רңרҡ
07.11.07, ںӡϷա̸ѧڽ̡
07.11.07, ̫ءׯǿսļ
07.11.07, 桶ڽΡ
07.11.07, Ѱѧǿѧѧ
07.11.07, Ѱ칫ײ꣬ŮһƣŮӡ
07.11.07, ˼޽ߵĺơ̫ׯҲǸơ
07.11.07, Zhangjbѧۡ
07.11.07, ŴׯӰ塷а
07.11.07, Զɽ̭αׯӰ塷ѡ
07.11.07, ڹ⡶ùׯӡ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

                          ͿʵĶ

                           ӡ

    ʲôͲ鶯Ϳʣϻ뵽աȷ
ռͿʡȸɳĮУ24СʱˮΪˮ
ȴԳһܲһˮҲ
ı£ҪΪܹڴشˮ֣һܹ
൱30ˮȻĵ⣬Ҳ
ˮʹʧȥ25صˮҲû£һʧȥ10
ˮ֣ġ

    ڷɳĮشǴȣ
㱾¾㲻ʲôˡǴ¼ƴ򣩿Գ
10²һˮڳȵɳĮУһֻͲ鶯ôܹ
ʱ䲻ˮҲúúõģ

    鶯Ϊ¶һ±ڴԼ38϶Ȳ
άܡͨ38
ȣȵʱܳ50϶ȡȵĻУ鶯Ҫ
ͨڵˮķʽɢȡһֺ
ЧĽ·ÿˮʱܴ2.4ǧǣ
иȱ㣬ʱˮֵĻͻܿˮ

    Ϊ˱ˮ֣ȲҲһص
ʽӦȵ£ȴζ»᲻
ܹܸߴ46϶ȵ£¶ȲŲ
½ҲƵķֹĻƣֻ
41϶ȵ¡

    ά˸ߵ³˱иôΪ½
Կˡǣ˸ߵġ
աΪʲôȴأϸڻ
Ǵ֪ηֹͷԷȵġԴѪҺɾ
ʱͷһкĵطﾱ
ϸϸСں񼻹СԱ
ǻеľѪǻʱȴˣ¶ҪȶѪ
͡СѪͻᴫݸѪӶʹѪҺڽ
ʱõȴ¶ܽ3϶ȣֹ¶еĴܵ


    촢ڵ½ϵ͵ϣͻͷųȥ
ʱ򣬴һֱ36϶£ڵڶ
ʱܴȡ

    ܹǳЧؼеˮ֣Ǹ߶Ũ
бϾЩˮ֣ķҲҪһˮֲŵó
ȥǻʧһЩˮ֣Ϊ˷ֹˮȻҪ
ˮ֡ˮʱֻͨʳˮ֡򳣳ԵĲ
ˮֲ࣬ڰֻ1ˮϣµ
ʪȵЩݵˮֺ20첻ʳ
ֻڻƻҹʳܱ֤޶ȵȡʳеˮ֡

    һֶصĻˮֵķʽʳеӪɷ̼
ˮ³´лʱܲˮˣʵеĶﶼͨ
ַʽӵػˮ֡лҪ룬ÿ
ڵˮ֡ͨ£ʱʧˮֶڴл
вˮǵòʧġȴа취ıȡ
ʵܼ򵥡ϣһð촢ɢһ߿
ʼǳͨ³´л
ˮ֣ҹʪȱȽϸߣͨɢʧˮ־ͱȽ٣
ôһͨһϵۻˮ֡

    ͨ촢ɢŨҺˮɥʧҹ
ʳȡʳеˮ֣лˮȷʽ
Ӧ˼ȱˮİɳĮӦ˳ɹʹǴ
ĴͲ鶯֮һһȶʮֻ

    ǣٳɹҲĶ֡ʮΪ˻ȡǡ
Ƥë⣬Ϊ˺棬ˡˡǳǹ
֧Ǵ˴ɱϸ90Ǵ
Ұⱻøɸɾֻʣǧֻ˹Ȧ
ݵǴ
Ӧʽû֮ءһʧȥҰϢأ
ɥʧҪϰԣʹܼܣҲֻͽΣ

2007.11.1

й걨2007.11.7

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ϸУ֪ĵ
ѧҷӵĲһ

̷
2007117

ٶ

1028գѧ١ҷӵĲϣ֤ѡС
ߡĳУһڹڿϷ5ƪѧĵʵԺ
ĳУԺϸУעɴԸ
ѧĻɡ

רҵྶͥ

Сߡڸӵɵ㣺ĵоýڵר
ҵྶͥڵоҲýڵΪý
ܵͬߵġ

ΪʵСߡɣӹԼĵý
ἰȫǵͬߵģνѧɹҲȫǱ˵ģɴ˶Ըý
еɡһ쫷ɨýڴѧ

оɹɵͬ

˽⣬յѡСߡɺ󣬷ӽصڸýڼ
нܵһƪģȶ̼ӵķʹתֲ
ͷŵʷӵġˢ綥ȨNature 
BiotechnologyϣıNatureȹȨרҵĵƪ20
Ρ

ݸı⣬֤һƪ÷ѧо溦תֲ
ģδõý˵ġˢĵһָ
Ĳ߼רͬλŮԣĿǰȻ߲
ĳУѧԺԺλнڡӶԸýڼг
ڷ4ƪҲ˲֤еָĵҲǸýڡ
ɴ֪ýἰȫǵͬߡ

вʵ֮

19974¡200312ѧϼḣǴѧѧϵл
ѧоʿѧλʦлϳɺͷӦѧҡ1994 ŵ
George A. Olahڡ20041¡20059ϼḣǴ
ѧѧϵлѧоGeorge A. Olahо²ʿо
ڸýڵѧڲ˵ʱOlahʿʵ
ѧϰһ֤֤ʵýݵڸʵҵѧߡ10
30գյOlahʿĴ𸴣ȫ£һ䣬
90йṩҵо˴Լ6£δ
òʿѧλҲǲʿ󡣡

ѧУйزųڵ

ӵиδɽڵĸûѧ
У磬ѧУйزŸ˳ƣѧУδʼ顣ݸý
ѧԺ칫ҹԱ͸¶ȻǸԺѧУڴ
ڲ飬鲻Ļ˭Ҳ˵ʲôͼµ绰ùԱתý
Ҳܾ ҵԼ취

ýڵĴѧί˸߼ߣѧУԴºӣ
ֵ顣˵ǼٵģѧУỹýһףģ
ôô

824֣յӵʼ˵ڸýںУû
кϵ鶼ͨԼǰ˴Լһʱ
䡣

ൽΣһֱͼ͸ýϵֱ915֣û
ϢѧУٷվϲ鵽ĹڸýڼܵϢ
ʱ֪ʲôԭҲˡεѧǷ
ע

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ͩ

ʿ
йѧԺо

2007114գճԹյڶšͩ
ȥˡ

˵Һͬ¹꣬1999ع
Ȼҿܴûнĳڼ䣬˿Ӱ
ľءʱѹ90䣬ÿ괺ڣϺPIǶ
ڳһȥҰ꣬ǰ껹һȥ緹
ųԷҲֻȥˡÿȥǳԶ˲˵ˮ
дǳˮӡǻϸСʱʱиŮ
ǸƯֺܶµŮȥԷҲ̫үүչ˱

֮⣬ǾΪÿ춼ᵽİ칫ң
裬Ѿбزٵһˡʱһصش
ҲػӦԿǵ˭ĳڼ侪
غãÿҶǽȥ·ߣʱ䡢صǵ
90ˣڼڼתеҲǺġһȤĹ£
Ľдκ̸˺üСʱ˵̸ڼ䣬ͬ
һ¸飬ÿζʼģǰû
˽

˽Ķͩļǳ
ģΪɹŬҲǳ˲󼰵ģĳɹҲ
˾塣ҵʱһ˶ʮͩʵÿѧһ
ϣʹ֪ڼ׿ĻͨԼиִźŬ
ȡóɹġҲѧ㡰ҵڶң
г˼档

ͻȻţͦԾģʮǰںݾей񾭿ѧ
߽ȫѧϣǻٰ˼һ굮ף
ͩ껪Ļѧ⽨Ժʿƽ־
ѧ档˶ڽ̽кĺӰ
Ȼ塣ʦһһǰ¼
ҵĸлͶԻףԸϧ˼ûзųֻʦת
Ϣ

Һھε׼꺼ݻĴʱҰѶѧ涼д
Memorial LectureȻҵWebsterʵ memorial Ľǣ 
serving to preserve memory  of or relating to memory.ҽڳ
ڸMemorial Lecture Ѿϵģ
ǸѾûлˣԴĶ˵һٵĵ
Ǹ

ҵϿ̿Ŭ󾫵̬Զİ
ҲѾΪмܶ˵ˡ룬һοؿǰ
Ϻо񾭿ѧоѾΪй񾭿ѧչȷ档
Ϣɣй񾭿ѧչĹףǽԶǡ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ڳͷѧ

ߣѧŴ

пԺڸף׻һţ
һ˵DNAСºò˷ܣսѧϰۣСͿ
רѯ֣̽ѧʺͬʱм˵Ӧ˵ǡųơɻ˲
ΪֻýţΪѧǵĴ硶ScienceNature
ʲôģȴûᵽϸ룬ĻĿƻ
Լɵˮ򣬶ڷͬʱһƪͷ£
׻һšΰ壬ǲͬѰˡ

ƣԴƻ֮ǹĵǽȺϵĸ
죬һ˵ĸ߰øҲȴˡԣڵĲĿ
ֻԼΪ޵ĻСڡˡ˵оǴ
˽ƻǮµģȺŴ򣬶ԴƷܶȵĲ
HGDP(Human Genome Diversity Project)Hapmap (Haplotype Map)
ENCODE(Encyclopedia Of DNA Element) WTCCCWelcome Trust Case 
Control ConsortiumȵȣֻǺܶоеļӣеѾɣ
еļɣоǽиϸ֮䣨ϸ
о֮෴02Ժֻһ˵ĸȫˮƽϽ
ǾʹͲ454ɵ˫֮James Walson С454
˸棬̵̫Ķÿټ̫ķãû
ڶ˵Ļ׻һһ̵ͻֻ
20solexąķԴأSangerĶû˵
ȫ򣬿Ϊʲôû·ԭɡ˵˶ڵ
ſôЩСƬճһ˶һѴƬ

ӳʲôӣȻ˵Ļݶ˽׻Ŵ
Ǳˮнô󻨷2000Ԫ޿׻һŵءý
˵ʽԵط͸ˣѵΪ˺ƹĶ˸Ǯƣ
ûм⼸أмйүô޵׶
ءôǸsolexa滹ǸԼ棿λʽ
ĽڣԴ1 򣬷ǵ䣬Хȷͷ֮Ѿįʱˡ
ѡԺʿĹؼʱûĿĶô˵»ǲ
Ҫ꣬ҲôǼææƳλ׼Ժʿܲ
µĿѧһҪԼӣò¿
Ŀпأ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ѧԺ޴ġ桱



    ǰЩ죬Ժ̨һνı棬ǹй
Ĺʱ׼ǳԺ˲С顣˾Ī
ЩԱҲŪףԼûôб߳ײ֮
ݡ˵Ժ޹أ׷ŷߵơ

    Ŀǰȫֻйѧνİ졢
졣ЩûͷԵνѧߴŰѰͬĳ֡׼򡰽ײ㡱
ԺҲ˵׼ĻֻһЩ͹۵ı׼ԭΪһЩ
ʲͬͶߵĴԹ࣬ȻĳЩԺΪµ
ӻо֮׼ˡֱгɵν鱨澹Ȼ
ö֮صңû׼ܳΪоɹ񽱡

    лװָΪΣٻͷ˱ǽ
ʲô߼֮ϡԣָЩİ칫ҹԱ
칫ңЩһ㣬ν֮졣Ȼ
ǵͨд¥ůȫʡ
˷911֮ĲҾ磬ǻڹ˸첲ȡν족
ȻЩͨɫڳ䡢⡢Ͷߡǵ
Ȼô죬ҷ¹ʵĻҲϴ

    Щν칤ʱ׼ߴǰѰвײ򵥶λв
ײĵ飬ƽһЩûνоߴܴ
ñĲãԱԭԣǾôһ˼ά
ʽͣ19͵ν档ᵽȷʵӦ뵽вײв
׼ĸڹҵʱڣвײҪָЩʣȴڽ
ȫĻ﹤İ졣вײ㷺Ǵ2070ʼģ
labor unions˥ʹŮԽְҵгйءս
Ժ󣬳౻Ϊ족pink-collarְҵλã顢
Ա֮ࡣЩ˵Աܿ칤Ļ뾭֮һ
Լвײ㡣ʵھ÷ңⲿ˵Ĺʵڲ칤ˡ
ŵҵڷҵľռİͷ
ȻҲ͸ӣҲԽԽвײͼԼͬ
ΪĹнײ㣨working-classֿһνķ
ҲͽˣȻҶвײᣬҲͽ
Ϊһ̸ˡ

    ǳڷҵ󡣵ЩУвײ㶨
ûͣЪѧǿвײ˵һ־öλ
economic status˵һԾ״̬a state of mind֮
ˣԭ֮ܶ࣬Զֱӵԭþ
ײ㡣֮Ϊ죬Ϊв׼в
㺭3Ԫ12ԪôһȺˡ˵Ĳˬ
Щڻ˵¿˹ʯ͹˵ڽڣ
ͬһײ㣿ҲôΪͼЩר°Ѽװִж
װȥĵ˾ܻ˵ߣ칫ҵЩнǡ
ǻĴǷһûšҪ֪Щξ޴ĸ
90ƽнѳ11Ԫǵ͵죡
    һѧҲѧԭֻһ
ѧҴڹճлзĴ
ѧۡȻҲͼΪֱ֮׼ȷµĻ
ҲӦĸµˡ

    ȻһԸ֤߼ϣ벻ͬʱڷ
ϱһЩһµģѪƷ˦˶
ꡢڵ죡ѧ磬вײЩЧӦ
Ǿ˸磬ҲȻʱ룬Ϊʲô?ء
δˣסȴһϣѵЩν
ѧǡͱȱ˶Щ֪Ƽ Ϊʲô˵Ⱥ˶
Ⱥڣ ѵӴڵķȻ ǷЩ˶Ȩ
йأȻӦڸµȨֵ
ıҪ˴ֻἰ νԺİ뱨֮жһ
νġ족ûĸû˵Ļ䶯ڴ
νЧӦѧ硣

    ˱޴֮һԪѫ߿Ϊ칦о
ƲΪˮĶʮṩνѧݣ絤˹?
޵ҲԳΪ̼ҵĲԴ޵ǾԵĲǡ
ԣһַ޴ԣstupidityᡣҵ
ʵΪ޴Ƶľáһ˫ЬҦ֮۸񲻷ƣǿ
ԴѼԪһĸLVƤνĳŮд
˵޴֮ߣ̼ҺͲ߻ڰȻ޴֮вԴȻ
̳ǣѧѵû֮ 

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҶϻƬɻ

ߣ

ĸ߼ʦƬպƱ༭ҵרְ
עйϹϻƬαºż
ƬҶרҵ֪ʶ͹̸̸ҶϻƬ


1. ϻɫʹޣͻ߼Эпһӡˢ
ڲͬյĻƴնɡɫֲҶǿؿ
ɫܹůɫİͷ⣬ӽһֱ쵽Զ رںϻͬ
һλϵֲҶûпڸϻĴͶӰͰֹ
ʵҰϻӦźֲҶͬɫʹϵֻϻ
ʵĻͻػɫԣϵıͱȲ
ɫ䣬ʹĳҶסҲһͶӰԵ֮һ
ƽͼ ߲ͬһͬһĻҲ˵
ػƹڽۺ죬رǰɫĻëůɫʹϵӦûԣ
źضµɫʹϵǿκƫůɫ
ɫ棬ǰسµ涼ɫǵ͵ֽϵӡˢЧ
벻ҪֻҰġɫƤëӦòˡɾֻ
ļãõԣ߶Ưס͹ʽġϴԡ

2. һ»ԵôȫһЩ˼
ҶΧţڵţͷŵĲ汻һƬĵҶڵţͷ
ƽ汻һƬֵƽĴҶڵţǻͷбֱ
ƬͬǶбҶ˳ڵţһƬƬҶ
ϿɣϻҶǲֲ
ġֻʵĻЩϸҲƣЩҶô˳
ҵ߳أ

3.ҵĹҪȥɭֺͺҰ
йϻѾ֤ʵʧ20£Ϊʲôרҵ
ɽʵĿʲôǳ
ҰϻȥȻӦǣΪܴʱÿ
ޱ߼ʵһΪֻСżȻϻ˵ĹȥżȻϻټ
ȻǿʱġˣȺͿ־塱
ֻûмѾΪʧٵġϻһͬ
ġоͻȻһľ棬Ӧֿܣһӳʶ
ϽӦõͷȥرһƣֻĻ
ǺѰʳ࣬ĽȤǼ
߱޷ŵǴ˻ͽ
71Ƭƣ4031˿
ϵк͸Ӷ˿䣬ӳʶͿѧ߼ǽͨģǽ
ֻĻĻ

4. ɫıݳɡβĶһ֧ɫ
֦ɺͼƬܴĺҶ֮ǰ͸Ͻ⼸ƬҶӺͻ
һľ룬β뻢ĺ͸ԶˣΪֻ
ĺҲƨ͸ӵĹϵ֧ܿ
βҲӦǿģ ʹҪǿҲһ
ƬҶ֮ǰôƬϵģAdobe Photoshopװ
κεطֻ͸ӷŴ˵ط֪ϻڴ
رǾֹ»βӦ´ţֻкӵβͲŻ
ŰڶţΪȥ顣޷΢̫һ
ĺӡβֻ͡Ĺϵ

5.71Ƭ֮Ȥ֪뿪
Ǹص㻹ϻ뿪ģͬʱ뿪ģ˵뿪޷
ֽܲҪԵĿ־壬򽺾ˣֻһ뿨
ֻһţСĿ˷޿ʴӡļƲ
һ֪ɽӵɽðű˵Σա
ֿӦñųϻ뿪ôΪڷ㡰
ϻ һֱĵΪֹǿ
תͷȥκһŲͬƵƬκɲû
òͬƵƬôֻνʵĻϻͲڡ

6.ҵĸоһһ򼸸ũ׾ӵĲ߻õĵƭ֣
ΪʲôҲö֪

ҺейͬĵϣֻʵĻϻִӵ
κʽƭۣ

2007116 Sacramento

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

α¼ϯֲѧҸ־ʲôѧ⡱

ߣYush

ͼİhttp://www.xys-reader.org/blogs/yush/?p=6417

αϻƬ¼УпԺֲֲѧоϯоԱ
־˷ͷԴƬм١һͨ
ָ永߷թﲢ˭Ļߡָ·Ȱ永Ͷ
סʶתáþӢд
ɵ¡ѧʼ͸¶߲ԱĶԻȵȡ

µйϻƬ粨Уϯֲѧƣ
αյģѧѾˡӵһҾͳ֤Ŀ
ѧ⡣оٵļƺ㲻ϡѧ⡱ô˷Ҷ
ϻԲƥѧ⡱ ⣬ϯʲôѧ⡱
أ

ȿϯֲѧרҵЩѧ⡱

ϷбרҳƸҵϻƬмȰסλֲ
ѧҡƬϸоϳˡϻߵҶӣǿǶ
ƵݻӡֲҶһ㳤ףϻ۾󣩣
ᳬסϯûϳϻͷƬҶӣǸݡҶӱԵ
ľݺرɫóҶӱ˹ģһӵľ
ҶӣƤġĽۣԡزĳֲǿǶ
ֲӵȣƵҶӣҲ10ҡ

ȣڡǿǶƵݻӡ˵ָΪľ
ƣǿǶơϯ仰ɡǿǶƵݻǣXX
ƵģӡˣͬεʻΪһ̸ƺǽѧ
⡱̬ȡ

ΣǶƵݻӡҶġһ㳤ףᳬ
סҲֲѧң˳־ڰٶȰٿƲ鵽ݵҶΪ818
סҶΪ513ף黣ҲΪӣҶΪ415ףҲ
˵ϯƵҶġһ㳤ҶΧڣϯƵҶ
ΪʵҶ֮һ

ٴΣϯ˸˵ᳬסìܣĳơǶ
ֲӵȡҶӡҲ10ҡڰٶȰٿƲ鵽Ŀ
ơļֲҶ˨Ƥݣ815ףݣ818ףݣ10
20ףݣ920 22ףݣ715סݰٶȰٿ
ЩֲڵзֲϯƵġֻʵҶ
Ķ֮һ

ͼαպͼֲҶƬƬ

ٿԳơӰҲаѧٶһ㹹ͼɹ⡢ࡢ
֮ļɡʹúϤһЩӰĸϯӰרҵ
Щѧ⡱

й־ΪƬеϻֽϣȻֽ
õĵƬΪ֤Լһжϣ־ǰ
ѧһͼнģ⣺ֽϻģˣ
ҲģˣΪҵķģ⣬ұģúáȫ
ģ⣬Ϸˡʵأ

ϯ󽫾֮˳ᢾʤǧ֮⡱ӡģ
α췢ҰƬ̵ҵ⡱ģʹ·߲ݴԣҪ
ЧŸõŮȥҪʵСȫ
Ƭ˼šèҶСƬûκζԻ
Ҳû˵κ⣬ûнαմڵ롢ӽǡϻ
СƬɫʹߵκʡģϯԼǡ
ҵϸ񣡡ѵǡƷδ˵⡱һǼٵ 
׼ҵ

ˣ׵óۣαϻƬ¼УΪϯֲѧҼ
Ӱѧĸ־Լרҵ롰ѧſڿӡһ
Ϳ

ȻϯҶȵġơΪǰ˵ʵ67
׵Ļ롰ơ60ףҪСöࡣΪӰרҵʿĹؿ
롰ơΪ20ңϯġơͬһϣ


Ϊ100Ԫ˽α컢գºѽˮ
֮СӰҾ˵ûȥֳҲû֤˵ֽϻ
ʵʳߴˮ֪飬ڵطŵġ桱Ĺпԭ
ֲѧأѵûȥֲ걾ɼֳûмЩֲҶӣ
˶ҶӵĴС֪飿ѵֲ걾ҵֲҶƬҲˮˣ
ֲѧҶֲҶƬСȷʵ֪飬ý͹ǳʲôأ



־ΪϻߵҶӡǿǶƵݻӡϻͷҶӣؿ
Ϊ˨ƤݻݣߵҶӣ־ġʦ硱Ϊǖ
ݡαպͼֲƬ
http://www.xlogit.com/xysupload/tigerl.JPG

ǰٶȰٿֲҶϣ

ľƣ
baike.baidu.com/view/58540.htm
黣ӡƽ黡ë黣ľƣ
http://baike.baidu.com/view/38221.htm
ӣ513
http://baike.baidu.com/view/862294.html
黣ӣ415

Ƕƣ
http://baike.baidu.com/view/43231.htm
ݣ818
http://baike.baidu.com/view/800033.htm
ݣ715
http://baike.baidu.com/view/55600.htm
˨Ƥݣ815
http://baike.baidu.com/view/308166.htm
ݣ1020
http://baike.baidu.com/view/800032.htm
ݣ92022

http://www.cnradio.com.cn/tbtj/tpjx/200711/t20071105_504611634.html
ϻƬ粨
й 2007-11-05

ûʲô·֡ѧѾˡҲ˵ӵһҾ
֤Ŀѧ⡣

ν˿ѧ⣬־˵ƬлϻͷƬҶס
ͷ־ոտƬͽ㣬ΪҶӦڶʮ
ҡΪֲѧң־ΪذɽôҶ
ӡ

ʡҵϢιؿڵ绰и߼ߣҶڵغܳ
ֲҶӽ˨ƤݣذɽǳͷϵĲԣΪѧ
ԭ򣬵Աߵĺһ˨Ƥݡֲܵ20ס
ǲɱ걾ʱ򣬾

 ־ΪƬеϻֽϣȻֽõĵ
ƬΪ֤Լһжϣ־ǰѧһ
ͼнģ⣺ֽϻģˣҲģ
ˣΪҵķģ⣬ұģúáȫģ⣬
Ϸˡ


http://news.qq.com/a/20071020/001002.htm
רҳƸҵϻƬм Ȱ(ͼ)
20071020 Ϸб

Ͽŵġʱ˼һ¡ڶٴͼƬ
⣬Ƭеֲϻıزƥ䡣Ƭϸ
оϳϻߵҶӣǿǶƵݻӡֲҶһ
ףϻ۾󣩣ᳬס

ɵϻԴƬҶӣϻĻҶӾ͵С
϶˵õûôҶӡҶӱԵֹľݺر
ɫҶӱ˹ģһӵľҶӣƤĵȡ
ܹõزĳֲǿǶֲӵȣƵҶӣ
Ҳ10ҡؿܻеĺɻҶӣ϶Ҳ
ϻͷʵʳߴ磨Ȼôزƥ䡣൱ʵϻ
۾ôСҶӳȣȻϻӡƬٵ֤


http://www.emay.com.cn/main/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=1
2378
shenzhen
:  ʮ 31, 2007 1:00 pm
󣺴˭֪ؿ˵ݵϸϺͼƬ
лλ֪æ


:  ʮ 31, 2007 1:27 pm
ؿ˻ݸƨ
ʦǾǾٹֲѧǿˣ
˾䣺²úøɣϸֽϻʲô
ŵþɶҲûˣϽʦֿҶǲʲôݡʦƤ
û̧һ¾ߣľԣݶϲȥǸʦĲԺ
ʿᣬҿû˵
ĺ˭TMDĸʲôݡ


http://hengguoliang.blshe.com/post/365/121904
ת־Ķԡαš¼Ļظ - Ĳ

ֲѧңӰҲаѧĸǽųڳձϯ
Ӱߡν̻ҺΪӲɽҲͷ˶ҵӰ
ҶĿȾ껹Ƕٶһ㹹ͼɹ⡢ࡢ֮ļɡҰ
⹤ҲʹúϤһЩӰԾۻ軨ճƬ
ܶˣ඼ԽԲ׼ˣѼѧʹȥˡ
˵Ϊʹ¶һӰˡȻȽ
Ӱѧʸ϶ֲѧרҵ֪ʶһӰ֪ʶ
ҿƷл-ҶʧĴ⡣


http://www.emay.com.cn/main/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=1
2010

:  ʮ 21, 2007 3:03 pm
ѧҵα췢ҰƬģ-Ů
ԹŴ󽫾֮˳ᢾʤǧ֮⡭


http://news.163.com/07/1031/02/3S3MAN170001124J.html
ϻ ҵƬ(ͼ)
2007-10-31 02:14:30Դ: -¿챨()
ǣǶأ
أ뿴Ӧ20ϧûȥֳ
ǣ1012ϷһͼƬôһ£
أŷ֮ٶȥģͬǼ޴
ϲãû뵽ܿɾˡ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ֲѧҸ־ܲרҵ㣿

ߣ
http://hengguoliang.blshe.com/post/365/121904
Ϊ̱ߺ¡ת־Ķԡαš¼
ĻظĶۡ

ʡҰϻƬϵɣǺġ

˸ֲѧҸ־ԡ֤֤˻ƬϵĻҶԣ
ԻƬΪ١ǣֲѧҾͳˡɡһʱ绽
꣬һ

ֵ֤Ǻܹ飬ѧ֪ʶ˸־֤ȴ
ǲ˭ðΪ֮ϸ־ľͷȻǸ־Ϊһ
ԳйȨֲѧҵĸ־֤˵ӡ

־֤۾ǣϻߵҶ ǿǶƵݻӡ
ֲҶһ㳤ףϻ۾󣩣ᳬס
˵زĳֲǿǶֲӵȣƵҶӣҲ
10ҡԸ־ì֮ʵϸ־϶˵صġǶƵ
ݻӡҶӵĳ310ס

־ΪϻͷϵҶɣҶӵȻҲǿǶƵݻ
ӣ־PSһŻϻƬָƪҶӦ20׳
Ϊʲô־ô˵أΪϻͷ30׿ƬҶӰ
20׳

ɴˣ־óۣϻԵġǶƵݻӡҶ
ĳ36ף಻10סϻͷϵƬҶӣݻҶ
Ӧ20׳ΪǶƵݻӡҶʵû20׳
ƬеϻҲûô󡣽ۣƬǼٵġ

־һ˵ԼҰӰ飬Ľǣ
һֽƬúŵݵɡڼ֮ڡ

Ȼ󣬸־޵˵֤ϻΪٵķֲ
ϻΪٵķôãֱӵ㵽Ѩˡ

ϻǼ٣Ĳֲ̽֡ѧҸ־֤ⷬȴ˾ȡ

Ҫ֤ƬΪ٣۾ݾݱǿ͹ʵ֤Ϊ٣
۵ȻҲΪ١־֤۵۾Ǽٵġ

Ҷӳ36ף10׵ġǶƵݻӡǿ͹ʵ
ݵҶӳ818ףҵؿ˵ݵҶӵĳ9 
20ף־ʦΪǖݣôݵҶӵĳ715ס
ЩֲҶӻҪһЩݿ͹ʵ20׳
Ҷ־۾ݲǿ͹ʵΪ١Ȼ־ɴ۾ݶó
۵ҲΪ١

һֲѧңԼӦֲ֪רҵʣԴ
˵ܽ˳Ծ

ֲѧҸ־ܲ΢һЩ飬ֵרҵһ㣬˵лأ

˵һ㡣ΪʲôҶأΪ־ԼҲΪϻԵҶ
ֲ˵ӣ־ҲҪЦ󷽵ġΪľƵֲ
־һž͸Ƕȥˡֲֻѧ粻֪᲻ᰴո־
ĻҲӴľŲƵǶȥ

ڸ־վйݵ֪ʶʱ־˵˭
TMDĸʲôݡ

־ù˭Ҫ˵ݣ˭ϡݻҪ˵
ģôأȡΪİ취

־TMDţݵı֣

¸£

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

רңרҡ

 
http://hengguoliang.blshe.com/post/365/122830

רҡĳһѧרоˣóĳˡ[ӡ
ִʵ䡷޶19981°]

һ¡רҡ塣

ҲרҡӼҲ㲻ϡա

־йѧԺֲоֲѧоϯоԱ
ǿѧңпԺġ

ϻýĹעաýɡ

У־ĳˡɡľˣⲻǻ¡ũ
ɺԣԴеĿѧҸ־ҲóԼͷ­

רҡ

աɺ󣬸־ֲԼġġ۵㡱
õǿҵ֧֣ͬʱҲɡרȨר©
רʧԣûʸУҲרҡ

һ˸߹һ˵УֱרҸ־ר һأ
ʼɣ־רһǡרҡ

һררҶ־ƾһšաͳƣϻߵҶ
ǡǶƵݻӡؿ֤ʵǣݡҶ
ĳ920ס־ҶӺϻǡèٺ
ֽϻһѧңȻܶϲǿѧҵˮ׼ͷ緶
Ϊֻеоܷۺ͹۵㡣

ڶררա¼ظ־ֳ
ԼĿѧо򣬹Ȱߡȥףָˡ·

ררˡѨ緢˵ǡաʼ
ٸߡ113գڲ￴־£Ȱʦ
ȫ 3500֡־Ϊšαšյļпܾ
ˡΪҲֻܹñֽʱϢͼƬ

רΪҵٸ־ָơ̹ϵĸ߸
1012ʡҵŷҸûвμӣҲδ
ƺأ뻢ԵԵ

ʦڸҿЦɣ

̫вˣѧضˡͷݡרһأ֮
רˡ

һŵʱ֪ȨԽԽʵļ
ˣٵҲ档

Ȼ𾴿ѧҺרҡ

2007116պ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ϸ
̸ѧڽ

ߣںӣintron

̫ͱɷ֣ҲͲͣһҶѧ
Ŀ˳Ҳ̸һڽ̡Ҫ˵ǣҶѧڽ̶ȫСҲ
˻˵УдʲôмֵĶΪδء٣
ҵʶΪѧڽרǵоزģȨһʾ飬ʹ
Ա߷ŭظܹ̾ߵȽҶѧڽ֪
ʵ˿ǰȻǲűģû׼͵֡
ƵıַڿͨԺʱ

ˣϻ˵ʼ⡣˵ѧ

ںԻѧǺӣѧϻ⵱Ȼ˵鳤Ŀѧʳ
ĿĿѧǽһDDɽϻӳưѧֻ
ѧûдﵽĵط磬һЩʾһѧˣ
ͻ񣬸Ͻ޲ԼۡϻһҪָѧ
ӣʵֻܵߵ߶ظڿѧƨɺתȦ

ڿռʱŴƼˮƽǳޣǵҰҲޣ
ԲطڹŴصȵȾѧ֪˵
̫еһ壬ѧҲŸˡٺţٵľʱչۣ
ѧҲ˵ռչģʱġֱѧʱ
ôģԭǲסˣҪը۱֤ʵˣռ
޽ˣʱʼˣѧֵøŸġѧѴ
ʱ俪ʼ֮ǰͽ֮֮Щѧĵط
ġ

Ȼ֪⣬ѧǻһûйʽݵ˵Ȼ
˿ѧ׼ȷıȫѧδ֪⣬Ȼ
ѧ֪ѧ͸סˡҲ˵ѧ˷ϻǺ¡

ôѧûأΪáӡ̫Ҳѧʵ
ָãָֻδǺõãǳ²ࡣȻ
ѧѾ˷һڷٷչֺαѧָǵʵأ
ҶԴΪȻ־֡Ҫѧں̶ܴϻֻһ
õԸ

ѧڿѧȱϯĵطưԲֻķչϣͬʱ
ںϣҲȺ֮СѧȻѾ˷ѧۡ
ѧռݵͷȺȴΪָԭ򣬱
ơûʱûȤѧϰѧ֪ʶ츳ʺϵȵȶ߱
Ŀѧ˼άⲿ˵ѧʵġ˶
ġԡѧǵһȵȻЩ洦ġϣ
ǵϿչʵϣǵ϶Ƚźõˣ
һЩȽŲõˣôչĴڻаġﲢûȱѧ
˼ά˵˼ҲȷԼڡȽźõġ

յĲǶǴơһطĹӦǶġ
ֻ̫Ĺ̲ؼ˳ۼٹӹ֮⣬ͨͼѹ
е˨DDȽźõġҹŴΪӺͿҿ
Һ͵ģׯӺӶǴơ⻹̫أ滹κ
ܵģѧҷչװŪڽ̡

Ȼǳƻµǹ̹ᣬǿ̯ɡͳμ
ĴһѧĳɹҹŴпƾƶȣѧУﲻȻ
ѧҲʵüֻһףúõ˶ǿա
ֻҪѧ͵ѧΣܾܾ͵ʧȥܽȨѧĿƿ
ѧƿԲѧʷӢ˼ޣֻ˭
ӹ˵ӦԽǸôνͿԾԵһ顣
Ȼογֻ̲ѧѧ֮ĲָӲ˵
һӦԽ˵ˡпʱβ񣬸߿ʱֲ񣬴ѧ
彨衱ѧλ漱ʱβߣѡΪ
ѧУѧ֪ʶʵ飬ҲòŶȥǱʹ޵Σһ
Ϊ츳ˣѧǲӲģϧûУͺñ
һʹҽ˲ȥҽԺеҽԺҪҩģȻ
Ρ

˵ҽˣʵѧҽǳơѧ֮ڿѧ൱ҽ֮
ִҽѧѧѧҽִҽѧѧҽӦڸͲ
ĵλȱִҽƵĹŴƫԶӵоḻҽǺ
洦ġȻѧҽʦʼįϲָ㽭ɽ
˴ơ

˵ڽ̡˵ҸѧֵĻҸڽ̴Ŀ϶Ǹ֡
ѧѰȴû㹻߰ѻ˵ڽ̸ɴǻ
ظһǧξǧټƵĹ˵ڽ̲ţ˵˵ȥȴ
ʵ顣֮ԷŶڽ̣ڽıŸ
Ϊڽ֯ӰǣҪǡ
´һڽ̣źͻƵĽ壬᲻
ܡһ׼Ϊа̡ڽȷʵһЩûеĻã
ڽһƻҲԶԶ޷ȵġ

ڽ̺ѧ֮ǧ˿ƵϵҰڽ̷Ϊǿڽ̺ڽ̣ǿ
̡̰˹̵ȣڽ̵̡̡̰ȡڽ̻
ԴѧΪͽ߻ͳμŵּ֧˸Ķ
ش̺ͶǹҵķѾкܶǿڽ̵ʣǿڽ̴һʼ
ߵרҵڽ̵·ǿڽҲѧںˡͬһƬϵ
ڽ̺ѧ֮ǻ͸һյľ顣

˵ҲԵ֣ǶΪʲôʵٵ
׷׻һֱ׷ѧԣкк
һⲻǱҪ۵⣬ֻһЦԭʼ
ϲǻ˭øʱͱһȺŴ
ɸ˳ɱˣǶЩ˵ĺ

ѧڽΪϺĴҲԣǰǶʵʵ
شţˡѧڽ̵Ŀռ䱻ѧһټѹǻ
ʵشšʱĴʿǲʧʱضԴ˵ҹԽ
˿սŰܣɥȨʱξþϻܶ࣬
Դ85϶һĹչʹжݡͷ
ŽѰΪơҪʣ֮ǴҶҪաһЩ
˵ʲͬϥDD˵Ĺչʣ
ϴϺõĹչȻֶ֮ɡЩƣ
ǵȻӲ˵ľδ˵ľܻ
ΣǾ͵ý¶㡣룬ǳ˥ѧڽڵǰ塣

ԴΪ̫Ǽ͡ڿԤĽѧڽ̻൱
󳪺Ϸòֺ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ׯǿսļ

ߣ̫

ѧϴ棨ע⣺ѧã˿ݱؽ
һࡣԶɽġׯӰ塷ԼҴ˸š
ǣѧϴսһ֧װս

й˼ʷ˽ѣӦö2020ġս
İʵǳ˵ʱй˼ǽ˿ϽеС
ģѧϴ

ս19232ʼʼٸž۽1923214գ
廪ѧΪۡĽݣݽ漴ڡ廪ܿ˥
ѧѧҶĽž۽Ľݴʣ412׫ġѧѧ
ž۽ġۡԷž۽ԼĻ˵Ѷھ
ѧҲӵѧΪְ־Ҳĺ󣬲ȻŭԻԣ
ѧ֧ѧкã˿ʱ
ַ֮ڡŬܱ

˵Ŀ˿սĵһǹ

һй˼սһʹ1924ס䣨23ף
ΨʷҲһȣʹսתѧɡѧɺΨʷɣ
ĳִսй˼ʷϻԾ20ͷ󲿷ֶ
ˣ͡¶㡢ʡġס顢Ůȣ
һй˼ʷ¼

սϸȥϲŭ֣ǱĵּȤѿ
ȥŹһ»˳ġսĹ̡

1924׿ս803ꡣ83й
˷츲صı仯Ψʷɺйļ໤֮£ѧ
ɡѧɺ裬ǼгһҡһЩ䣬ѧ
߸ͽѾѧɱƵ˸翹ľء

˿ѧϴ۵ĿģսеĿѧͣ
˳ӦʱΪйƬҵϽѧƽǣԼౡ
֮

ѧڹȥ83˾ĿĳȷԼڻùڿ
ɿ֪ʶİλѧÿһѧ
ѧģѧһ˲83ǰǶԿѧʲôʻ
Ļǿ޿ɿܵʵǰǲӦοѧ
εԥлѾѧ˷̫̫౦ʱ䡣Ҫϳ
ңѧ

ѧĶ壬ҲӦʱøһˡԺ˵
ѧ֮ͼͰڵĿ͹˼ϵѧ

ѧΨһܹṩڿ͹ɿ֪ʶ˼ϵѧۣɿѧ
߼ʵ֤ͨЩ֮Ĺϵɡѧֱӻ
ֽ⻹ԭʵӹġѧ֪ʶϵڶϸµĿѧֿƣ
һ֦ҶïĲôֲڿ͹ʵ֮еġ
ʵôήҲû˿ѧ

ѧ֮ν˼֮ڽ̺ѧԼνĶѧҽ
ûֲڿ͹ʵֲ֮еһЩ翵ĸ֮
У⣬һԱ֮ȫѧ

нഫĴӦü̳пսпѧδԸ
չһǵսߣѧҲѧķΧѧһȥ
ڡ֪ʶʷݡǣŲѧ͵걼ߺšʹ
ǵһƬġ

սϣֲսԵʰһĴŻʵװ
ν壨ʵαװ˵ѧǻʲôŵô

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ڽ

ߣ

Ե

ѰѧԱȻ̲ˣҪȵĻĻõõ
Ļƽ뷴ŵṱȣĻһ
һūĻĻ

棺̷ţҴѰһ軰Ҳͬ⣬
ŷҲͬ⡣ڽ̲֯ġϵͳţΪ
ڽ̣ΪǷŵİɣ

ж˹ϣѧĴͳŷ޴һǧĺڰ˼
רơרơרƣɱԣʹڣΪ֯
̻ᣬ谭Ҫ֮һƽǡǡڷԻ̵
Ϊ̵ĶġͽЩɹԼ
޳ܵĻ֮һɳƻһū£һҲûд

ġ

ڽε΢ϵǿԴһϵ¼еõӡ֤

ʷϣ̵ķѡԳcatholicձ顢һͳ
Գorthodoxȷͳϲ¡̵ķ׷ݵ
̸ϣ̸ʹԡԽĲͬƺڶڽ̽
ͬͣڽ̷۹ηѵĸ߶ɺϣ

˹ѷʲҶɵķѡ˹̴һʼʵ̺һĹ
ƶȣΧ˭ǺϷ̳ˡ÷˭˷̻ᷢ˷ѣɵĽ
Ҳֲ֮졣

̻ķѣǶڽ̽ⲻͬķ硢ۣʵ
ǶȨ᣻ǡ⡱ʵǡ⡱˹
ķѣıΪȨᣬȨķ磻
⡱Ϊ⡱Ϊ

ڽٰĸ棺ۣйɵĽͣڽ̵ζ
ѧ棻ڽ۵Ķĸϵο壻½ڽ
ʽ֯Ľ̻ᡣ

ڽ֯ȨȨԴڽͽڽ۵ţֻҪ
ڽ̻ڽĽͣǲͬҲãҲǶ
ͬһ۵ĲͬҲãҲ϶ǶԽ̻ȨȨ
սǲ̵ġ

ʷڸϴģ̼ϱĻ˿ɡ
ѼصģɼڽеƿɲֹСú͵
ڽ̷ͥСǹһ

ǣ˱ڽ̾ͳΪȨͳιңҲ̺һν
̺һ˵ڽ˱߷Ҹִ͡н壬
ζڽȨ͹Ȩĺ϶Ϊһڽ̾ǹңҾڽ̣
ǳ񣬳ǽ

̺һıǼȨ塣ΪȨִĲⲻ֪
Ȩ֮ʶ̬ڽ̶ѣϸ΢ĲǾɼȨڽ
ϴԣ¼Ȩʶ̬ϴԡ

ڽҲãڽҲãеĶû֤ݵе
ۣΪԼĽȱһȷģʵ
ʵ磬ҪʵݽԸ졣һ仰
û⣬ʵ⡣

⹹¾ڽ׷ȨһɣȻΪصĶǣȨ
档

̺һȨݱڹȥŷһǧĺڰ
˼Ӫ˵һбū۵ĸԴ

Ϊ˶Կ̺һļȨ壬ʷҩһɣÿѧ
һзǿѧ֮һ̷룬ǱΪ
ľ档

ͼѱԭּ塢ֲŬĽȴɡ
ѱ߱ѱ֤ⷴɺ̷Ҫԡ

ʷ֤ˣ̷Ĺȣ˼ʹ֮ʢ

Ȼ̺һĹȣʷ̾Ϣ

ڽεǧȻûн

롻

1ѰׯӣԿжʼڿѧĳ㣬˸
ܵ˻ͽǻͬߣġ֤ʵƫִ˱ϲ
øģڼΪ֪ܵԳΪѧ
ڣ治ôġ

ҲׯӣҲԴׯӣһ˼ѧ
ɣԽԽÿԺ治аͽ
һֳа񲡶һ̺һͳ֮¡
ҿߵװɿѧҵɷµׯӡ

Կѧׯӣ޳ɣڽ̴棬ҷԡ

2ԽԽǿҵĸڽ̴粡ƣڽ̱Ͼǲ
Ұƫִ֮УȻȥԡȥӶᡢȥȾȥơ

3ҲͬĳĳڽֵĹֻûڽ̡
ڽԳĻһˣƭ֣ÿһڽ֯Ϊ˽
治ϷѣƫִĽǿӸϣѵ֪
ԱԼ˼𣿣ôСѧѧѵҪɱ¾ͶŲ
֤Լ

Ҳͬʲôɡƽֵ֮Ļ
УƽȵĿģģ֮ЩЩੲ̸
ƽֵζѧ̸֮ǰЩĶ壬
ԼȷԼ̸ʲôҲñȷǵ̸ʲô

ʲôֵĻֻпѧһжܿѧļ飬
Ī⣡

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ѧǿѧѧ

Ѱ

ǳʵ۹⿴⣬㲻̫ϰҵʽҾ
Ϊˣ˼뽻ͣ˷Ѳʱ䣬ʵ
ճרҵгõIt dependsǩʽѧоԱ
Ŀͷзأ߱ѹ۵ʱԡI appreciate 
professor As perspective, but heres an alternative viewͷ
Щ·Ҳǲᣬ˿ϾûбҪˣ̫ȭԽʡ
ʱ䣬ֻҪһԵ˼룬Ҫµ˼άѣܵ
ˣҲͲ֪ʲô

Ұ㵱ѧܣζž͵Ϳ㣬˳ĵʦҲ
ζž͵Ϳ㣬ʦʲôܶطΧͬѧĹʶ
ǰǰкܶĵʦˣҲһգʵϣĵʦ
ǿʲôطȥ㶮ѧȻҵ
ѧ֪ʲôطʹΪǿĵطҲѧ˵Ĳ
һͶԡҴͲΪգԷ˳һ̬ȣҵ
ֻҵѧʶϷģδؾͶԣֻҪ۵
¡

ѧҲǸѧģȫǸѧģһͿ
רҵ˭˵ѧǿѧҿ϶˭˵ѧȻѧҪ
ЩҲ϶Ѱķ밡ܲҵУѧǼ
Ψһ׼гǼֵΨһ׼ǽӾͻᷢ⣬Ȼ
еλΣ˱ңҲ̫ܵ˺һ
絽ס

ھѧͬԩңΪҪѧҲҪαѧٿѧ
Ϊֵģαѧٿѧѧͻۣѧ
ڹ˽кԴ˿άѧֵ

Ҹѧڹάѧĵλֵ˽ôȻߵٻķҵ
ҵǰΪҿҲáԴҲãҲ̫⣬Ϊͬ
Ϊı룩ȥǰһҪۣҪҪ
ɺƣҵԣǾġЩΪѰѧĵǰ
ˣ¹ʶԣѰǲ̫òмһˡ

ѧǿѧѧϣͬʱѧѧĽǶʶһ
⡣ÿѧָѧʵӦãôҿ϶
ѧΪ򣬻ףԴΪĻЦ
˼ߵһġҵۿУѧΪָ£
ʹʵʵڵоҲ˵⻰㲻ţ
ɣѧϰомӡ֤ˡ

ûбҪΪĿ绤ҲȫûбĿ˼ٶһ
ԭˣֻϣһѧĿŵ̬ȣʶ
оľԣҪĿ⣬Ҳ֪һʲô
ҪĿĽǶ̫ˣԭиѡά
ĿӦĵʦѧϰշѧѧ˼ά
ʽҪ˲õо壬оĵʱ򣬵ʦ
ȷһѵ̡

ȫĿмֵģûбҪһۣ
⡣ֻ㣬ѧǳȱֽƣŮ
ӵĲ峣þѧȥͲ˵̹ˣӦ
⡣ͬþѧѧȥεĽǶȣ
ĻĽǶȣԼѧǶȵȣѧĽǶʵڣҵппޡ
ĽǶȸǰŸȺ⣬ᵽȺ־ۣҲ
ٹףһҪѧʵڡ

ѧоΪ̽ʵ֤оǳǳǳûбҪ
ѧϡоĹʵʲôʲôоֶηΪԣQualitative
붨Quantitative֣оķӦҲȫˣ
ԵоҲʵ֤ԵģоҲ̽Եģо
ࡣĵʦѡϵͳǳǰΪ̽оԤ
̽Χͽ۵ĿɿԣоѶȣҵ
ϼԿѧѧݣҲʵʾ飬˵ˣоȶ
оѶˣණҪ֮Żסȷ̽յֻ
϶һֹ߻ʲôЧоض࣬õĻ
ǲָϡĵʦ׼⣬ôʵģ
ʵʲܲͬʵơ

̫ѧΪѧûãΪûдã
⣩ЩѧһߵѧƵôã
һҪϳʷܣǡǡ෴һѧ
ʷܣΪʷܱһܣУܷḻ˵ľУ
ѧǽģйڽееƫǾǹ̫أ
̵̫£ѧʵ֤̫ʷһ
Ĺߣ̫ǵſѧãҪʵ⡣

Ȼ̸ʷѧĽҽ˿ǿȹ
СѧģȴѵƨɣǿСѧٵҲСϲʲô
ʲôΪѧʹСͿټң̣
ǶʱȤҲ޿ֲġ

˽鵽ʱ٣˵飬Ǿʹˣִ
ѧѧϰʹóɱ󽵣Ҫƹʱ䣬Ͼֵļֵ
˵鵽ѧʱغ޶࣬˶ѧĶ࣬ȴͳƵ٣
ӵѧ㣬ȴü򵥵ѧԭõĶ
ѧõĶʹԴѧʱʦѧ
߱¶£ơѧѧϰӦԭٺƣϷ
ΪѧǽʵģʷܵĽѧӦ٣ٿԣֶ
Ϊǽ˵ġҲ˵ΪйĽ㷴ˣ
ѧϷʷܵ˱ԴĹߣǽѧѧ
ȱĺѧȱλ뵱Ȼġѧȡ

йĽģʽ˵ĸԣѧѧö࣬٣õ٣
Ƿȱѧʸǵ¡ŷѧѧǾ
Ӧ˶ܲѧѧŪҪռĹ͵ô
أôҶȤһ£ҲĽż
̫˾թɣҲҪĿѧѧʵҲ
ֻѧϽѡйѧ̹磬ѧ
ȻѧѧǺ߸ΪأһӦ̫˥ѧ
ĺ٣֪ھ

ϣܳΪǵѣΪѧĺƶŬ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

칫ײ꣬ŮһƣŮ

Ѱ

1.	⣬Ǵ޼˴㣬֤Ǻƣû˵Ǻơ
Ƿ֮ԣûȤ֤ǺƣشѰ塣

2.	ƽȡɡλһ壬Զɽȱ˼룬ǾͲˣ
ҵоһǷ߿Զɽֻѵô

3.	Ѱִգ̸϶

4.	ˣҲ

5.	½й˿ڶࡣ

6.	һۿǺƣУ·ڿӣ·˶ѡ

7.	ΪֶΣҪ۵㣬֤һ֤ݶۡض

8.	ׯǺƣȻǰ˵ôλеģû
Ҫˡ

9.	˵еԶ׼֮ⶼܴȣҸ
Զɽ¡¡µĹ

10.	ҪԶɽׯƲУׯƣͬԶɽҲͬ
ԶɽİƣҲͬԶɽѧλȻҪ
Ǿûˡǵдżһδ֮ԣȫƾ
ʶ߼ƶϵ⣬ûа塣

11.	ƽ˸ƽȣ˼ƽȣ˼붼ƽˣǻ۸
ƨѽ

12.	ʲôۣۡԶɽǵׯϵʸ
ׯƣԾڴС

13.	Ѱð²²£ׯӴƣԶɽһֻݽȥˣ
ǸͬһֻҲŲȥǾͱСˡ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ߵĺơ̫ׯҲǸơ

ߣ˼޽

̫ׯӴ(XYS20070922)ơׯӺ
װ̫ˡ佱ׯӣΪ̫ƵıһҲ
ׯӲ

ׯӡˮһĳ治ڱߣʱҲ ̫
ס仰ʵĳԱ֪úܣ֪ʱô죬
Сĳ֮ĳԱ֪úܣΪĳСӡڻе
ܡ̫߼Ƶúܡӡڻеıֻĳ＾
ѣôҲĳ֪ҪΪĿĺأáĳ
֪úܡأӡڻеĶȻȻ
е֪ʶŴҲͲȥҽˡִ̫
ѧ֪ʶáϽ߼һӾͽӡڻеıܡ
֪˵ȺšƵı˲á

ׯڡۡнһǵԢԹ£ѹ^Ի
ĺġھѽŭԻȻĶĺھѽáʵδ
ϲŭΪãҲ 

ԴԢԣ̫İģԳԣĺδδζ
ŷգȷԡ˭ܱ֤ھõϵʳһõ
ŵһʳҲѹಡߵء
ԣӷչĽǶȣھѶԣĶĺڡĺ
ġ

ʹ̫˷չһִѧ֪ʶȻǺơ
ǲ˳̫·ӷչۣĽǶ̫κ
Ƶġ̫һͶ϶Գԣĺδһƺ
ƴʦǳǶǵǰﵽƵĿġȻĺй̶
Ⱥ󡣹Ȼ֮ĺǽ֮δ֮ǽ֮ĺδ
ԣǡĺġСǡĶĺСȡڷ
ʼʵʩʱ䡣˵^ӳʼĶĺС
^ĺʼ򡰳ĺġСׯӲûи^ʼ
ʱ䣬ˣǲ^ӳĺʼʵʩĸʸΪһ롣
ǰ£ĺġ͡Ķĺֵͬͷա

̫Ȱѷ^ӳʼһǰƸׯӺͶߣȻȻ
Ƹ˶һۣھѶԣĶĺڡĺġ
Ժǵϲŭеġ̫ƣҪǻͶеĸ߹ܣ׼
ƸνڷչʿԾѹھѡˣһԥѡ
ѡǺǣ̫ĺɵĽڷչǺƵmonkey 
business ӰϷˡ

˵ĻׯӵԢԣıԢһ
ӳʶжϣһķΧڣġ˰һ׵
νִѧ֪ʶŤתǵĳʶжϣǾҪ˼ҺƵĵ
ˡ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ѧ

Zhangjb

Ϊѧеġ̫ڡҪѧ
ҪҪ˼ǣǲҪѧӸµָʶ
͸ΧĿ͹硱 ûʲô۵ġҲģ
ҶѧʷĴǳ˽⣬ִѧ100ǰͳһ㡣
һ죬ִѧ0

Ҳ׵ǣôתѧûȥˡûû
ڼֵжϣÿ˵ı׼ͬõĽҲͬ˵˵
ҶΪԼ֣blahblahblahǺý

̫غѰǾúܣαת˻ȴȻҲ
úܡֻˮҲˣСҲǱȻ

1ͬ־ڡѧۿӡΪڣѧ
ûãϡXרҵרûʸXרҵ
ȷġ̫ڡôһ´ĺͿ˼롷жԴ˵ķ޵ҽ
ǲǿѧ漰ʵжϣܼ򵥣ȻҽרҵרҲ
ҽרҵǲǿѧ⡣ǣ漰ձûãûXרҵ
ר̸ȽϺá磬׼ûã׼רң
ð׼רҵķ׼רңĵ¸磩ǲ֪ģ˵
ӳîҲǵ;˵ĺơ˽ô֪
ʲôá׼רҵֵӵˣҲųƵĿ
ܣ漰ûãXרҵʲôʲôYרҵʲôʲôû
õ⣬ûXרҵרҺ/Yרҵר̸ȽϺá͵ӣ
ѧָܲѧѧҺ/׿ѧôµר
̸ȽϺáϣ˹ͬ־ûοֵ

2ѧϲŪỹҪһЩĸģ
磺塣޶˹ġ֪ɴʵһ塱ĲԶ
壺ڡ֪ɴ棬˹ͬͬԭ򽫱֤塱ʵ֣
˵Щԭ屾Ȼ޶˹û֤˹ͬͬһһ
ܹﵽɣ޶˹һ硱ġģ͡Ҳ
Զﲻġ硱ܿƽɡ
룬һʶƴͼϷǹһġ硱
ʵ֣û֪˶Σ޵ȥƽǿܵġʹ
ܣرƽҲǺõġ

̫ûŪ޶˹߼˼·ڡ޶˹ĸݡдҴҵָ
޶˹Ķʵ̫Զ˼ұ̸ľǡ硱ġģ͡
ʵԶʲôϵأպὨŬƽͺˡ
οҿִںѡƶʵѡٳʱ
ĺһȺһɴȥֻɴ͸
ġҪԱȫ֪ǸϡǺѡ

󣬸һҲһ£̸̸ѧ÷޷ǱһԼ̬
ȡѧָÿ϶ûеˣѧеõġ˵
ǲͳһģеѧ˵ǣеѧ˵ǡںˣ
ʱͳһѧռżȻԴáŶԵҲһ
á̫Ҫ˵ˣϻˣҪ˵ǽѧ÷񡣽
ȷʵˣôһ磺ǲǶԳƵģǲ
ͬʱڶƽУңȤһǣҶ֪
ͰװˮתͰͰеˮһ棻
װˮͰɣ໥תţʱͰеˮΣǸ
ˣȻֶ̫Դ˵϶ǲмģΪ̫á
ʵҪԶжԶ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ׯӰ塷а

Ŵ

ׯӰ塷¾ͳˡڣ֮ǰ£̫Ѱ
¬λͶⱾԸ˵ࡰĻ˵ѽ
˺ƵˣԼ֪أ⻹ѡĿ˷ʱȵȣ
Ҹ桱ܶࡣ

ׯӰ塷Ȼû棬ʵϲأΪĴ󲿷
ݶѾ֪ġ塱ô£֤ûС塱
Ӧòʲô¡

һ飨ׯӡׯӰ塷ԣҪıΪݣǰɣ
һˣŽλߣԣҪУеļҪ֣
Ϊݣǰɣ˵ҲУҪоݡ֤߼ǰɣɾ˵
˼Һƣⲻǰ

˵˶ǰӣֻܵͷҲ룬ƾʲôȹ
ߡˣִѧ㶮վڿѧļϣǿѧ
ĸ߶Ȳĸ߶ѽЮѧأƱˣҲǰųʱ
أ˱ˣأıģ˸񣬱ͷԣԣȤζ
һׯӡߡˣߡ٣ѧر㡣

ׯţׯӡڡׯӰ塷δڡ˵ׯӡ
˼ֻׯ˵㣬˵ׯӰ塷дʲôʲô˵
дׯӰ塷Ϊʲôʲôʹ߱

һӣûòƢƷһ
ûгϢĴѾзôʱһҪʲ
ôģׯӰ塷ֵһ㿴黹ûأ۾
ôչˣ˵ʲô鵽״ʲôʲô

2007/11/7

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

̭α
ׯӰ塷ѡ

Զɽ

׷ߣִѧģԭģΪԲ⣬ַ
ӹԭġնֶαӡȫעϵͳ󣬶
ȫ⣬ׯѧ㣡δɾıׯӡδд棬Ȼע
󻤷˳Ӣ½Լδɾıׯӡ
ܲɣִѧģעͳԽԽԶپһǧδ
ɾıׯӡȫ𣬹桶ׯӡɾıͨע
ԺׯѧȨ󾹳йѧʷϲɻȱġѧҡ
ӦׯӡңΡɵԤԣ䳾Ң˴

ׯڡƪƪңΡͷ֪С֪δ
дߣδңֻ֪ˣ޴ңߡ
ȻңΡעԻС⣬ңһҲȻң
ʼ⼴Դע󣬺עȫԭĲע
֪ηɾġ

֮ʱ޼ɵׯӶŸɣԲע۸֮ʱȴ
ļƣׯ׫ġƪׯŵӺѧ׫ġƪԴ
硶ңΡС̺Ӻ޼עмȫ
ûҴ۸ġ硶ۡԻСɣٻī֮
ǣǶǡ塱ֶۣûɾģ
עԻīǷǣ½īҲʰټҲ𣬸˽δ
ʼ䷽ҲѧרΪͨʿӢ⣬
˵֮ۡ塱ָǡƪܡīԢԵǡ֣
Υѧ֪ذ˲֪ѧרΪԢ

۸ġƪ֮Ϊκʿ˲֪ƪ
Ϊׯ׫ʿ˼조ƪԼ顤л˴Ի
нˣΪѧ£ֹƪ۳Ĵǣˡ
ɾĹر֪ɾĽΪ𱾡ǰܼδ
ɾıׯߡׯߣΪ𱾡δɾıׯӡ
ǡƪΪѶ桰𱾡òڹĹעг
Ӣ½ΪƧƧ꾡衢ͣƺöˣǹ桰𱾡
̭δɾıѾ۸ġׯӡעճɽΨһ
Ҷ۸ġƪ˼ɣ˹桰ƪ
ԭò뿼۸ܻ֮ƪԱĿ
׿עׯѧ塣

ڵ¶ڣûƪɾƪֻƪɾʿּȲϤ
ֲӵġƪȶԡƪȡӵ̭ɾ
˲עʮƪԭʼׯӡʮƪɹ桶ׯӡʮ
ƪְɾеĶʮƪƪŴ򣬰עƪ
ƪǰλãȻ˼ɵش۸ϣر࣬ӹ
֧ע

桰ƪĴī塱ּĴl
桷ءšΪҡص˼죬塱
ڹ桶ׯӡУۡƪ֮Ӧǡƪ֮
ɽľԢԡˡӾӡ죩ΪĽ
쳫塱ӾͲڮ졢īǡ޾޸ġޡ
ī顶ӡĿͷرޣΪ
֮ѱ𣬡顤־¼˺׷ˡ
ׯѧԴﾳӲѡ塱Ϊ֡עΪ֤
߹Ӣ½ȻװɵǻġΪ֤˲ʷʵ
ͨһǧ߰ׯҾһɡ

ۡׯѧľ۸ġĽ֮һ֡

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ùׯ

ߣڹ

йŴкܶʥͣʥͶüֵ˸ͷԴﵽĳ
ĿģʥͶǵùġǰΪ鹫ͱ
ҡУ𡰾Ӻõºɫļͳ߹ʥ¼
ȡ˹ġɵ˰Ůƽȣ⽨ƶͨͨͷϡ
Ϊ˵Щ̵ɴʦι˼뷴
ԡ

Ƚׯӻ˵ģͬԭԶв⣬
˵£

ׯܼƶڼӺӺԻŵҽؽ𣬽ٽ
ɺ
ׯܷȻɫԻеܹӣɣ
֮ԻӺΪҮԻҶ֮Ҳж֮ˮ
գԻŵ⡢Խ֮֮ˮӭӣɺ
ȻɫԻʧ᳣룬ö֮ˮȻԴˣ
ڿ֮

ׯʸȥԱǮԱһƢΪׯ
һǹҷˣûԵˣǲô
ģԶȥǻõЩûؼҵġ

ׯʲôֵùҿأѧˮƽ϶һޱȷḻ
ԢԹ£¿ڲżǼߣͳ̸ͬҴ
ҪζҸׯ죬ҲӴ˼ٸ
ʮӵķµЩáׯûпѧУֻ
һˣδŲ࣬ˣϿԳƵׯӵĳѣ
¸ĽоԴʳȴһЩׯӵĽƱ磬磺

ׯ֮ϡׯԻδݣ֮Ҳ
Իӷ㣬֪֣֮ׯԻӷң֪Ҳ֪֣֮
Իҷӣ̲֪ӣӹ̷Ҳ֪֮֮ȫӣׯԻ
ѭ䱾Ի갲֪֡ߣ֪֪֮ң֪֮Ҳ

໰쵱Ȼνָˮжβ
߼Ļ

֮ˮĪں
򴨹֪֮ʱֹӯβй֪֮ʱѶ顣

Ȼһ߽ˮһ߳ȻȲҲգͬС޹أ޷
ʲô

ׯݶúܣҪܶϣŬæµɡ

(XYS20071107)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)
