                         ˿µϣ20080124գ

08.01.24, ʡũԺоԱпԺ¿Ժʿл֤֮
08.01.24, ũԺоԱпԺ¿ԺʿлԳơӽˮ֮ĸǼðʼ˵ΥΪ
08.01.24, ʡйѧԺԻЦ󷽣
08.01.24, һһǺ꡶ڹ־¼طŭﲻסĻ
08.01.24, ȡһֽǶڹ͡ҩѧɾͽĵá
08.01.24, ˾ִҽѧһǧйͳҽҩѧڽڰˣΪʲôйҪͦ
08.01.24, һʥ߯޳  ǿһѡ
08.01.24, സеʥ
08.01.24, ͹ͬʥĳ̸ڷѧֻ
08.01.24, Ү³Ѧ
08.01.24, סν֥ŵۡ𽯾ɡ֥ŵۡ롰ۡ
08.01.24,  Ȫйũҵѧٱũ¼ҵ˥ܡ
08.01.24, Ralph Wang2008MBA֮һΪҽ硷
08.01.24, anthony.wangҼҶ˿Ӧá
08.01.24, ̷ִҽѧйƽڳɹʿǸøС
08.01.24, Ѱҽϵĸ°׷ۡ
08.01.24, 췹Ѱ鼦
08.01.24, Ѱ֮ׯĵã7

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

пԺ¿Ժʿл֤֮

ߣʡũԺоԱ

йֲˮ֡63  II .Ҫũѧѧ
ԡ(ʡũԺѧ19971211-6) лϮ
Ϊ걨ԺʿҪ.ƪԱһ֤ݡ뿴
ʵ:

ɡ

1.63йֲˮ   һֳơ1986-1996꣬
63һֱйˮƹֲ֣ۼƼֲ5267hm2
ʳ585.4kg <<йũҵ>>أȫ1986-1996ƽÿ
ˮֲΪ3177.9hm21996굾ܲΪ1951.02kg 1985
1685.68kg, 1985-1996굾ۼӾֵΪ265.34kg仰
˵,1985-1996 ȫΪ265.34 Kg лƵġ63
585.4kgȻͬһʱȫ265.34kg߳1.21
Ͱ˵63ռȫˮֲ22%,ȫ
221%ĵ! 585.4Kgл˵Ե׵֤
, һݵĿŶȳ, ô,ǲò⣺
63ũҵʵʵ,ǲǱлý岻ϲ޵
?

2.63Ҫũѧѧ   һֲ63ʮ
״олЩ״δоϮʮƪĵ
۵㡢ֺʵݣ5000ģвעٲȻ
Ϊо

лϮԵģ鵽ѷڿ15ƪ() 
ƪδĩοгΪƴ걨ԺʿģΧϮ
ģ:

1Ҫֲѧ  63 Ҷͬϵѧģʽͷ
¹ϵѧģʽκѧ(1989)163 ȲҶĻ
鷽̳Գ²ʺ(1989)263 ߲Ҷ̬̳Թĵ
(1991)3

2״  1г6ֲ 63 ״һ
ٵ(1996)44ûעĺҲδгӦĲο
ס
363 Ĺǿ  ݳֵ(1989)5 ۲
Խï(1993)6 (1994)7. 

463Nպʸ    63ʻ뵪ػ۹
ϵĻع鷽δעĺҲδгӦĲοס

563ǿ  ֺͱ3ݳʷĵ(1992)8

663μ  γο(1994)9

763ھ͸  ɽصݣδעĺ
ҲδӦĲοסصݳԣ(1990)10ĹڿԵڶ
---¡

863ǿ  ֲˣ198911ܹ
199212ŻģͳַƵȣ1992134г763
߲ݣûעĺҲûгӦĲοס

963Խǿ    ܻȣ198614û
бĺҲδΪοס

1063Ʒ   ֵȣ199615û
ҲδΪοס

ѧĵгʵݡѧģʽͲۣӦ
Ϊʵ˵Ĺ۵㡢֡ݶעڽ
˳ɹΪУǳϮģ˳ɹǰԺ Ϊ
оǰо뱾оȽϣ˵оչ
˵оۣעڲοг
֪ѧ淶רҲ⡣ҹ60𼴰˹淶
¡лΪ걨Ժʿ̧ˮƽĲעĺο
ף߼ȲעҲΪο׵ļƪȫƪسϮ
ģѧ缫ΪӣдɵС覴á˵ʮǰ
ȷ淶ǲʷʵġһ˵֪ϸ淶ɣΪ
ȴҪʮǰ淶ΪڵĴ걨Ժʿأˣ

ڿлϮԵ
1.	κѧ.63 ģʽеӦáũҵѧ1989
(4)5-7
2.	²ʺ.ӽе63 ߲Ⱥָ֣̽ũҵ
ѧ198941-4
3.	ĵȣ63 ȺҶ̬оũҵѧ19913
18-15
4.	ٵ. ӽ63ʻۼṹ. ũҵƼ
1996(1):11-13
5.	ֵ.63ȺĹо II.ȺĹͬ  
ũҵѧ1989,(8):7-9:
6.	ï. ˮӦǿĹԼƷּ. йˮѧ
19937(4):243-246
7.	.ӽˮ63ױԵıȽϣӽˮ1994 
122-26
8.	ʷĵ.ͬˮʹƷֶصãϾũҵѧѧ
199215(1):65-70
9.	ο.μˮ߲ۺũմʩоũѧԺѧ
1994114249-254
10.	ԣ.63е̽, ũҵѧ19903
2-5
11.	.63ɵоũҵƼͨѶ1989
18-9
12.	ܹ. ӽһ. ӽˮ1992(4) :7-8
13.	ַƵȡ 63ӵĶʽعũѧԺѧ
1992214374-379
14.	ܻ.ˮƷֶԵСֿײⶨойũҵ
ѧ1986(1)68-72
15.	ֵ.ͬ༾ڶ63ƷʵӰ죬ũҵƼ
1996 129

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

пԺ¿ԺʿлԳơӽˮ֮ĸǼðʼ˵ΥΪ

ߣũԺоԱ

֪֮֮ĸĳƺǸһѧƴʼ˵ơԬ¡ƽ
йӽˮѧƵĴʼˣΪӽˮ֮֮лԳ
ӽˮ֮ĸǼðʼ˵Ϊˡͨ򡷵118ķ
涨

Ԭ¡ƽˡˮԻڷۡзӽƵ⣬ˮ
õĹؼӦġϵ׼1980
ˮоӽˮоרҡ߼оԱS.S.Virmaniʿڡйӽˮ
չһпһԬ¡ƽƬƬдϡԬ¡ƽӽˮ
֮ˮоM.S.Swaminathanʿڹˮٿ
Ĺʻáӽˮ֮ƺԬ¡ƽϡл
ġӽˮ֮ĸдͿý峴ġ

1973굱Ԭ¡ƽӽˮϵʱлûвμӽˮ
оӽˮϵ۵Ĵ޹ϵ̸ʲô֮
ĸ̸ֺʲôӽˮĴʼˡԳơӽˮ֮ĸȫ
Ŀŵؼðʼ˵ΥСлֻԬ¡ƽ۵ָ£
ӽˮ֡63ÿƼɹӽˮоֻ
һӱȻԳơӽˮ֮ĸ

63ӽƷһҲֲʱ˥ˡ1998
лڷġ63ѡáһҲϣ63
63꿹½ҲڴŸĻָϵϵ
ͻơ19995йũҵġũҵӦüһ飬
ѡʵǿüֵߣһչǰĽ300ũҵӦü
Ʒѡʮˮȴûл˵ģѡм
ͿԾ63罭յ559ĴĢ802149Ʒ
ֵĲ6310%ҡ63ʧȥˡʵǿü
ֵߺһչǰص㣬Ѹ̭ˡͬʱѡʮˮ֣
ֻкϵ˿6363ƶɡɼ63ҲѲˣ
ũҵ磬19995³棩Ľһ¡ԣ63
ҹˮӦõĹȷʵˡô˵л
ӽˮĴʼˣԳơӽˮ֮ĸǺʵݵ޻̸֮
ֿЦӽϵ׵ĴߡũԺоԱ
Գơӽˮ֮ĸлȴŪٺ͵Ϊ
ǿЦ

лϿɵġũһµıǡӽˮĸסĳ
緢У200010Ԭ¡ƽȵġϵ۱ȵ֮
ڷֵĵл˵ɡ׼ȷղĿѧԭ
ܹ㷺Ӧʵġˣйӽˮĳɹ֮ĸ
ơ63ǿġ̥ĸף丸
ĸӽˮĲмΪӽˮһλĸסл
ũһ80ҳɼΪ֮ĸҪԬ¡ƽ
лԼûзֺĵԣлԳ
йӽˮľǡ20001110ԺȨùȫ
19ҵҪýμӡũһ̸ᣬ֮ĸ͡ǡ
ĴлԬ¡ƽһ춨йԼĿƼ
лȷʵѴӼðʼеõ˺ܶôйӽˮΪй
ũҵΰ󴴾١лԳơӽˮ֮ĸ͵ѧ
粻ΥΪı֡ѺϷͶߣֱпԺԺʿ
ˣʹԺʿѡϡ                                           
                                  
(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

йѧԺԻЦ󷽣

ߣ

꣬йѧԺΪƽ˲Ȥ

л1959ҵڸʡũҵѧУڴӽˮŴ
ѡ63ӽˮƷֻùҿѧһȽȵ𣬱
ȫƼߡͻרҡרҡ
ѧũһУлΪӽˮ֮ĸӽˮǡ
1995ꡢ1997ꡢ1999ꡢ2001ꡢ2005Ⱥ5γɹΪйԺԺ
ʿЧѡˣδѡ2007״ΪйѧԺԺʿѡ˲ɹѡ
רйѧԺԺʿйѧʷѻ

Ԭ¡ƽ1953ҵũѧԺһֱӽˮо1964
ϵϵָϵϵˮӽƵ벢пѧ
飬ѡ˵һϴӦõǿŸ߲ӽˮϡ2
šΪ1981ٻҹһصȷ1982걻ƸΪȫӽ
רҹ鸱鳤ͬΪӽˮ֮1991ꡢ19922
ʡƼΪйѧԺѧίԱѡˡ1995굱ѡΪй
ԺԺʿ2007굱ѡѧԺ⼮Ժʿ

䣬1958긴ѧҵڴ°뵼׽ṹо
оķ豸Ƚİ뵼Ʊֶ֮һ΢
ײٵ̽Ҫĺĵİ뵼ϡ
쵼Ƴ58΢ײΰ뵼ӼӶʹ
մ༤ƼĹС1999ꡢ2001ꡢ2005й
ѧԺԺʿѡˣ2003йԺԺʿѡˣδѡ2003꣬ѡ
̫ϿѧԺԺʿ2007굱ѡѧԺ⼮Ժʿ

Ϊͨϰգ֪3ĸţҵйѧ
Ժ˵ţţȫĿѧסȻôѾõĻ˵
УУҲУ˵㲻УͲУҲС

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ڹ־¼طŭﲻסĻ

ߣһһǺ

ʷ973ϯ־ǰ޳Ҳ̫˽ĹǶ
ұ绤Щ⡣ڴ˵Լϯ֪ͬѧ
һƪĶ˵ġһƪĸ߼ۣڹĹϵ973
ĿϯҼʶλоĳԺʿȷʵұѧϰİ
кгɾͣΪҲдҷ緶ұˣ973ϯԼкţ
⣬Ҫѧһ伶Ϊ㲻쵼Լһ飬
һش֯ߡЭߡ쵼ߡʵ벻ͨҵĲʿ
һλ¯ʿȻƼƸΪϯ滳Ϻʱ
˵Сͬ־ĳ45꣬˵С1977ỷѧõ
Ĳʿѧλ治ʲôĴţʲôţܸСͬ־
λá֪ɡ

Ϻܰ ʲôBio-XоģȻвʿ鳤
ʿСϺ˴¼¼кۣҲ˵λ
ʿĴԶһٸԣ

ϺXˣͳˮ鳤973ϯȥҲ
ա

Сͬ־귽30ƻûеĵزǰ·
ǫһΪáϣĺţһըҩԶ
סǸưԵʱеϽоƬ֮ĸôԻͣ
ͷڻǰֳԭΰ

ðһ䣬Сͬ־ǸˮðǱµͨ
973ϯƹмǧ˰˵ѪǮķȨ𣿱ֱ
ǹʹճϽĵڶXXX֮ĸ

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

һֽǶڹ͡ҩѧɾͽĵ

ߣ

ǱŻɵ̬ȿӵġѧҩĶáһġ

ڡѧɾͽһĵµ199ҳСҽҽнֵ
ԼʲôκĳˣЩִҽѧûмֵ
ΪҩƷЧԣûһ˵ĳ߳ĳҩ֮
ˣھҩķá༲
ҩҲˣ뷽ҽҽ
ЩƽǵҽҽۡΪʲôҪȥУ

ȥ200ҳСִҽѧϲ֮ͬڸ죬ҩ
ֻһֲˣȫĲ˶ЧԲҪͳơ
ִҽѧΪÿ˶ֻض䷽ҩĵزһ
ЧҩӦǶ൱˶ЧġԴȻֻ̬ȡҽ
ҽͲͬҽԵľǸ塣ⷽӲʿǲ߯

ǽȥ£ȴľѡҽȻСҩֶ
˵ֻһϻĳҩ﾿ʲôãú
ʲô𺦣һ֪

ҩҩؽɷ֣ڷûᵼؽж
Цڷҩҩеȡϻ𡯻Ϊȷʵ֪ܲ
ؽж֢״

һֱзҩϰߡڳڷʧʧ֢
״ҽԴΪÿ궼ѡ붬ڳ23µ̲ҩ
оЧܲᵽġȡ͡ϻ󣬼ÿ궼
֡ÿθλѮҽңϻ𣬸ӵȥ
ҩСǵ۾ϻϰһζӡʱϻ
𼸸ң񰵴һˣһԼķ
շ˵ѵѾؽж

ڹغ˽ҷϸĶ£뵽岢û
Ԥеĺãϥ䡢ɲëҳֶּ
ҩ̲ӦòˡΪһֱĴǣȴʼҲԭȥ궬죬
ελҽݺȥһŴѽǮ
İҩ̲ءʵ˵ڷһֺԶҩҩ˴
ȫⱾ¶ҩסˡ

Ϊĸ彡áڡѧɾͽ
һУӲϽִҽѧ˼άϣִܽҽѧķ
޳ҩĶأ201ҳһȻΣҩЧ
ôԴҪԴҩһҩоͨʵ
顢顢һڵٴ顢вѧЩ׶Σѭҽѧ
ϵİοԭԭäԭȷЧͶã
ſܻóϡλЩרҵȴ׼ȷĲһǾ
ǧҩ򲻿ܾĿѧҴӰյĽǶ˵
ǵȷֻϰһ˼άǾҽǹ⣬ҩѾ˼ǧ꣬ж
֣ȵ졣

ìܵĽڴˡ

ǣȴһպԵҪʵǾᳫִѧ
ʱ͡ġ˶ʱڲй𡣾񲻹80ꡣ͹
ĽҲ50ꡣ֮ǰǧҩʹÿѧķȥ
֤ĶãҲûа취ԡҩѾǧ꣬ж
֣ôȵ졣жϣԾͲȷҲѧˡӦô
һֹ˼ά

ڣƾﻯѧʿרݣ˶ҩɡ

ڡк衱İڵϿӡ̡һζ
ҩľͨˡľͨ˺ġк衱˵
רҵĽͣԵʱҽ޷֤ľͨкΥҩ
ᣬŵԺı磨೤ڷôҩĻߵ֢ר
ңҿִҽѧֶΣǧŷ˰ҩĴ
ǹŷ⡣ˣҲרҵĽͺ

ǣӵıʷȴڴ˴¶ҽרȫͬ˼ά
д208ҳڰУ˰к¼ҩ
еľͨжĹľͨʵϣ˹ľͨвҩ
ʮ֣塢١ľ㡢ȣ޶ҩ
ڡܻ𡱡ŶʡಡȣǶܵ˥ߡ
ûδֵвҩ֪ж١

˴סҡӵġйҽרǣ
к跭˰ȴĶ
Ͻִҽѧ˼άԴֱָҩȱݡ

˼άڴγһμķˮ롣

ǵҽרҽˡľͨ͡ľͨϴˢԩ
飬ֹǰȴʮδ֤
вҩĶԽ¶ҩǡ߷ΣֶĻôǵҽ
רҸǿ⡰߷Ρκ˶ٲˣڲˣ
ǡֶˣʹЩҪ
ʮܱ֡ƺЩܺߵУо˴
ӣЩҩ˺Ļߴذ֮ģԱǵҽ
ȴӶȻֵҩκ˶ٲˡʵֹҽ磬ǧ
й˲һֱϰ˼άʽ𣿡

˵ķһ£ֹ˼άֶԴ̬ȣӣ
Ȼҡ

ѵǻҪŴͳҩĹ󣬾
ǹ磬ǶڡˡȱأǷŲ
棿ŲνġӡϣУ

ִҽѧ޷ָһֿ޳ȥҩԵĿѧҩ
ѡ񣬴ͳжҩִ޶ҩѡһ֣ҽ
ѧѡһҽѧֻıκõĲˣһҽѧÿһ
һѡһ֣

ҲǲѧԨԴҽѧרң̸µĴ롰ҽС
Ļ⡣ԸɵۣҽƾŸѧ΢ĩ֪ʶѿ
ƸеǾҩжҴûбִҽѧķ֤ҽ
˵ʲôҩֶȷʲôε̬ȡֻǳһ
ѧҵĴ֪ðй֮踣ֱҩҪȷ˾塣Ȼ
ǰҽѧרδز֪ҩĶãƺҲֻзӺ
˸ڽԼĹ۵㹫ڡҩҪϿѧ֮·ȷһ·Ҫߡ
ѼУҴпһΡ

ǾǶڳɳеͯΡȻǻܸǴһ
滷ôǿԽ̻ðαӲƷȻǻ
ܱ֤ǵһܼţôǿԽ̻Ảѡ
ѧЧҽƷȻǻܸƵĿѧ֪ʶô
ǿѡһĿƷ͸ǡ˵δҽ֮
ǵг䶨

ڲõĽѧɾͽһ齫Ϊϰռѧ֪ʶ
ض飬߽ǧ򻧡

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ִҽѧһǧйͳҽҩѧڽڰˣΪʲôйҪͦ

˾

Уִҽѧΰɾʹƽӳһ࣬
ѾǹϡˣϵѾ˿ϡˣƵ֯
Ķ嶼Ҫ¹涨65ǰˣ6574ˣ75
90ʽ˿ڣ仯ΪѾٵս
ˣ仯ȻΪЩʶ֮ʿǵ⡣

ִҽѧȡЩΰɾ͵ĸԭǣִҽѧǿѧִҽѧ
ҽо߶ཡҵĶʿһŵ˼
룬̽īسɹ棬ȡһʶ
ֹģдϵģǽֻǵʱĳʶ
ͨԼʵµķ֣µʶͨѧܽᣬγµ
ۣʹʶӽȻ綼ǲϽġ
ʶҲǲϽġ

ĩͣڲѧоȡ˾޴ĳɾͣ
ѧۺʵĳɾͣԤȾʹһ
ΣĴȾ෢ִȾֶκͷ
ΪȽƺ촫ȾķˮƽߡSARSոв죬Ǿ
ȷ䲡ԭǹ״ܿȷУ
磬ǰ󲻵һʱ䣬ôĹǹȥǲġ
ڵУоҲܸĻƳ

ͣӻǰҩʼԺܿ췢ùؼһ
أʹ༱ԸȾԼܵõЧƣʹ˺Ⱦ
ĸȾᷢһ˲ĳɾ͡ûпأһ
ССӣһСĵֲˣСССĸðϲס
˵Ƕô룬ûпأͲ
ȽôôֻƲ
أ

ͣԺֲȡΰĳɾͣΣ
ֲҹҲΪٵֲҲڽͷչ
ЩЩĩڼĲ˵Ψһľ

һֱΣ࣬˵һؼڣ
Ҳǰ֢ĶҲǳɹۡһ఩֢
оȡͻƣԶ԰ְ֢ҵ԰֢ȡԲԤ
֤ʵͷǹҪѾԤͷ
Ⱦעİ취Ԥӹеһ־Գ
ΪԤEBVıʰѪKSHVܰ
õľ顣ǶķѧоʹǶķ
չ˸ѧʶֶ֮εĽѾԶԾ
ڷ֣ϺơǶѾӵһ
ƷչΪƣƺƷϵۺơ
ЩѾʡʼﵽٷ֮٣
չҲﵽڴ󲿷˵Ѿǲ֢֮

һΣ˵һ༲Ѫܲ͵ʮ꣬
ѪѹҲЧҩֻҪڼַҩѾ֮ͬѾ֪
ӪѧӣʹĲԶӲķʺس̶ȴ󽵵͡
ڶԹԶӲѾķһ겡Σ
س̶Ҳ󽵵͡

겡лһ򲡣ҲѾ˱ȽϺõԤ
ҩֻҪҩҲ٣Σĺϲ֢Ҳ
١

鷳ԼԼϵͳıԼ
Գմ֫Ĳϣڵ֫Թǹ
ڲĹؽûҲﵽ˿ǰĳ̶ȡ

ȻЩɾȫ벻е֧šѧ
ѧĽƽӽȻѾǲ̫ңԶ
Ͳɼ顣

ִҽѧĳɾͣǲҪʣйĴͳҽҩѧʲô
ףйԱǣãڿ˵ҽлĹ屦Ϊ
лķ˹ףôΪʲôҽ屦ھͲأ
ĽҵУִҽѧһͿأ۰Ͱ͵Ŀִ
ҽѧռйĹҽҩгΪйҽѧйĴͳҽҩѧ
ôû˻֮ʹë󶫵ָʾʹִ˰
ѪǮ֧ҲôһɫԲ˵пԭ
ҽѧΪ֡þͲһˣǸԺʿרңʿ
һͷΣ˵ûܹҽƽǶ֪һЩҲ
£Ͳܲʹ˻ʵĶˡ

һʮ˲ǣִĸ쵼ȥڶһ
רſĵط߸ҽԺǸ߸ɲ⵱ȻЩɲһ
ܣͨϰûֵָġЩΪ߸ɿҽִܹҽѧ
ģĵطҲ豸õִҽԺִҽѧҽԺ
߸ɻ˲ҪסִҽԺִҽѧҪȽĻ飬CTB
Ź񣬳ҩִҽѧƣֻеҽ
סҽҽԺôͨϰվʹĹĴйͳҽҩѧˡ
ìܵìܵʵνأΪʲôԼϰ˵Ĳһأ
ַΪʲôǲܲ˼

һֵ˼ǣΪʲôںʱڣڿսʱ
ںͽսʱڣë󶫲ûжҽôߵۣôߵӡ
ڽɽйԺ󣬣һҽϵ
룬˷ң֪ʶӽ˶ϸ˼࣬Ϊ޲
ηԺ󣬲ŷˡйҽҩѧһΰı⣬ӦŬ򡱵
ָʾҶ֪ںʱڣ˸£һ
ҽѧУйҽƴѧܼ̳ѧУĹٴͳΪ٣
Ӱڿսʱڣ뷽跨սؾȻΪִҽѧ
Ա뾡һа취ִҽѧ˲ţ馻
ⶼǸʱڵĴë󶫰ЩǾɣӰҽҩ
ܲִҩƶ뾡һа취ߺڵӹͳνҩ
ùصȡë󶫵ͷġ֪ɽսϣ̫
ָҽ˵սʿǾȲģҪǳսʿ
ɽʹɽԺ뵽޲׼רԺʱ
Ҫķչҽйͳҽҩѧһǰĵλ
屦лĹ⣬ʵµ˼

ڣǻۻ̽йͳҽҩѧǧǽ
ԭҪĻйͳҽҩѧͲǿѧѧ̽
ģҽȻҽֻǽ鱾ֳɵ鱾ѰҴ𰸡
ҽǧʦͽܣлƵھ˺ۣѣӲ
İ취ҽͽ˸٣֢˵˵ľǽɣ
һҲܸģ˾ΥѵҩҪʹһҩļ
ζҩҲ⽨ȼƷࡣҽѾȫڽ̻ˣѧҽŽһ
ҪаʦȻϻƵھĶҽͽ
Ƶھ˺۾ǵġʥҽԻƵھĳ˿ڻ
ͽʥĳݡǸҽң͸ʲôֻӣŮ
ˣϱⲻǳܵڽ̡ǧҽõǸ
˵ĽǴģȻҪĶҽҩѧ
ԺѧҪָճʵҽţֻ֪
У֪չֻ鱾֪ÿѧ˼άġڽϵ
ôܷµĶôɱȽĶʼЩ˵
֤ʵ˵Ķ鲡ҲʼУȽļ鷽֣
˷Ǻѵģ
ǸߵЩ򵥵ĶҽҽЩ
ĵĶúйǧķ⽨ģʽıϡ⽨Ȩͳ
µϰյ˼ţǧеĽ⽨ūŵĽС
ѧ徭˹ľѡ˲ŵΨһ;һнѧ
˼άɱѧĴ˼άѧֻ֪ԷӣĻ
еҪִУҲҪִһйûͷԵĶ
˵ūǻˣȫֻһ˼룬Ǿͳߵ˼룬
ֻᰴͳߵָӰ衣ҽҲǷ⽨Ҫ
һʲôȵĺãҾǸµĶ
ҽĻһĻͳΪάͳΣ
ҲǰҽĻҪԱ棬˭Ҫ˵ҽİ֣Ǿ
Ĵ죬ΪƭϰյĶò
ײˡһ㣬ҽǿѧĶҲ״
ɿѧˮȻִҽѧǿѧҽҲӦǿѧ
ϰշֲʲôĿѧʲôαѧʲôĻȻ
˻ѧĿ飬ɻء֮ȨͳȡȨԺ
ҪȶҽΪͳη

ԭ˵ҽһĴһ˼˶ڿ
бҪһۼ룬ۣͨʹѧ˼


(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ʥ߯޳  ǿһ

ߣһ

ʥڡľڷ򸾰ʣ֮ʮУ²
ݣ֪˸֪һһλͬ£Ĺѧ
ѧͲ׺Ʒ̳ʵûʲô˵ľ򸾣
ȴûƵĵ̿Ա⡢Ӧ䴦֮Զ׼ȻϹ
ġ˿ֳɵ𣿰վͣ練𣿡װ
һƽ͵֮ƺһ𷢳в֪˭ˣ
ôʰ㣡

Ȼ2008121գʥѧϷġƽӹ 
Ρ2007˼¡
http://www.acriticism.com/article.asp?Newsid=9367&type=1004У
һλиĳӴˣһ𡱣˾
׳ƮʥܲܽЩ淶侮ʯ
𱨣١˵ң̵һΡƺ
ȷһ˭ˡֻ֮󣬶ĵֱһ䡰յĶ
Ϊ⵽ʿĿ飬ա

ʥˣˣΪǺ֮ˣһҪ
ҵʥҫԼһûһ棬ûһ֧̣
ûȹһƣûԹһٷûμӹ֯κһλ飬û
ֵĸֿϷһƪ£㵣ҵί᳣εǸС
ûȥһΣôͶжˣޣޣޣ㲻ᳫ
ѧ淶д㶫Ȱ㽲Щ淶óȥôͳˡ
ˣ㿴ûУõƪУʼնԡʥͬ־
ƺģǵ͵ĲƮѧ淶ѽԼúѧȴ
֢ȥϹ׽ҵݣһƬġ

ʥˣˣҸλѡΪʲôΪ
ҸͲʶ㣬㳤ɶģΪһֱͿ
αѧǩԼʦɡ˾ӵӣһ
Ȼ˾ӣҲΪѣһ
١Ҳ̫Լ˰ɣ˿йѧˣ
١óô˶ĵ˵

ʥˣˣͬľ򸾰ееˣ
Լʦһʶľ鰸УҸûκ˽
嫷ʱֻ˵ǡҸвĹ𡱣ҵ
һǿԼѳֵƽ̨ڰ֮ǰ
֧֡Ԯ硣˵˵£䵹
Ū˵£ĸ磬ЩԱͻɱ𣿿
ֶپͻɱ˵һ𡰽侮ʯֻ
С֮Ĳóɣ˿ϱͳˣһ
ǰװʲôף

ʥ˵עˣЩԹ˵ķȹ
˵ľơ˵ֵ̡ĻϷ¶˰ѳֵĿ
ϵǹµǣڡرлдڴȥйѧѧ
֮ʡ
http://www.acriticism.com/article.asp?Newsid=9362&type=1006ᵽ˺
ѣйѧѧ˵ѷˣ
ҪעˣԺҪ˵ʲôʥһµĻҪȻǾ
侮ʯ𱨣١ҲȰʥԩλѣ
˻᲻Ǹ˵ʷǲǸģ㶼Ҫ
ǿԼĽѱ׼ˣ

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

еʥ

ߣസ

Щǳ䣬ѩ׷Ʈһ磬ճ԰
һʹ³Ѹдġףһʥֵѧ
Ҳصıһؿš΢Ļҩ㡱

ûǣġѧܵǰԼܹվס
Ȼ𾴣ԡԼμ٣èһҡĸ߶ͬ
֪ʶӵǿҹΪѧҵɫҴͣڸߵѧ֮
ܹ裻ͷйѧ淶ĸļ
Ƕҵİٱ

Ȼ˴۾,ʥҿ¡ ظʮƪΡ
¼ơһȷ֤չʾʥԭһߴѧ
߿ȥһ˽ɥĲ뾡ְ취ٵɡα
ѧߣѧгһرֵһϿ¡󷨣µ
Ҳϲµı֣ҵʵ侱
ǧĿһ¥ѧᣬǾ粻ߣ
վø߿ԶȻʥôҲǻССģ
ġĽ

Ȥǣ2008116ʥָѧ˵ġķ
գһܣʥĲͻֵѧݼû
κθ£ҲûԡĵκλӦѧЩ
Ҳκζʧ˺İһŵľ

ǰѧʥһľ顢ӵȣ£
ǩǸ״Σ£鲢ïѽǸ˵Ľ
ӵһ𣬰ĸеı췢ӵ£ֳǿҵĺ
ʶ徫ֳƿ찡޲ðЩͳͳǹеŰݡ

ˣѧԡҲ뵽ԼվײԼǹ
ϣӦһ仰вԱУȻڹȥЩ
׷ߡѧЩֱѧڻα̬أҲǿЩ֪ʶ
֪ʱ

ѧμѧΥ˵ѧܣûб
ĬȨʵΥ棬ѧ淶ţЮֲ
ѧߺ͹ҽػĴҡײƭˣӦñֳĬ
ʱȡʩΪƶνѧ淶ƶȸûκιԣ
ҼʹǶƶȲɡ

ʥڴÿ궼ܽϰߣֻԿ
νáμʲôдʲô¡ʲôȣһ
ʲôʧʲôźʲôֵ÷ʡ֮Ǵıºѿ
һҪԺʧڱ֪кһԼƶѧ淶
úһԼѧΪѧ๤Ҫվӣ
һݲɨɨ¡˳Ц

ʥ˵³Ѹѹļͽ˵滰
ڼʹ״ǲѹģ
֪ڻְܼͽ˵滰ͽ̵


һůաǧͫͫգܰһɷ
ҲףԸµһڳԼ̴ְҲ԰
Щʧ䣬ٿԻ³Ѹɢʡ
顣

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ʥĳ̸ڷѧֻ

ߣ͹ͬ

ʥһϵпɱо˲ݣΪʦΪѧİ
г衣ʥѧΪǹڷѧӵģ
޳ܵĴڡڷѧֻѾʹļ׵״̬

ڹνһѧԺ7꣬ѧʿ˶ʿѧλ
1991-1998ֱַ19992002ùʷͱȽϷ˶ʿ
LLMSJDѧλԼǰ11ܵѧԼ
ڷѧ硢ʦĽ飬͸пһ£Ҳ̫ͻ

һ	ѧְ۱׼

ڹڴѧķѧԺ޲ԼʦеĲʿͺ
вʿѧλߣ¸ոձҵҲڣֱ踱ͷΣ
ݾǲʿġǣʵǣѧǣǺδѧУ
УԺԺʿʦ˶ʿʦ˭йһ
Ӱ˵̫̣ôҰ۱׼ٽ50%
˭ڹʿϷһƪģҪѼƭӰġзۡ
йʦͷѧҡ֮ҲǵĹʿ йķѧоѾ
һֵϷҽӴĹʷѧʦ磬йѧо
ˮƽ֮͡ɴҵԱ֮ӣǳҪ
ԼԽŴѧѧʿӢţ³˹ѧreaderͨѧѧԺ
ԺĻڵľ⣺һڵġȽϷ־American Journal 
of Comparative LawϣһƪʷĳƪġΪֹ
ҶģΨһһƪڴѧڷڹʷо¡ѧ
ǣѵӦ죿йѧݺ޹֪
ѧˡ

	ѧݳ¸Ӣ֮

ⷭκһڵķѧڿܹһЩݺ⡢
ãȻ֪Ƶ¡ǧٹֻ֣Ϊǣǿ֤ԭ龳
ͱѧΪ˷£ⷨƶȵıȽоģ
ڵı༭ֿϡͿؾͷˡЩѧ߶ֻڹ˸
LLM˶ʿѧλһʱķѧߣԹķƶȸһ
֪⣬дĶ˳䣬ӢеĿҵӢĺ
ҲˣҼһλԳڲݴѧBoalt HallѧԺѧߡ
ӵйĳѧѧԺǡڼ˶ʿʦͷεֵܣ˵
õֱ˲֪ôãʳ
⣡

	ģʽѭؾɣû˲š

ѧһapplied professional educationǿѧãʵ
ս򡣹ڴѧڵķѧϮ20ǰҳѧʱģʽ
ʦαѧǱʼǡڵʦϿθӼˣPPT ȷ۱ʰ飬
̫ˣаģҲ൱򵥣ټۣ˵ˡѧ
ȱʵսܣļǲסԭ㲻塣д߼ң
˵оĻLexisnexisWestlawݿҲã
ƷѧԺʵϰ˵Щݿûп10ǰ
ܵķѧʲô10йѧѵһֱֹǰô
ںѧϰɣΪУԺڡʦ˶ڸʲôҪ
֪ѧԺѧһֱߵģϻ۵Ĵȴܲ˵Ľ
ѵ

ġ	רҵòרҵʸԹ򲻹ƽ

һѧϰ20귨ɽ˵ĸƲӦ÷ר
ҵӹɵġûһѧϰķǽģѧ
Ҳġ

˵׻ѬģһѧרҵڴѧУǵͶ
ɱͶûرϸߣ10ѧ˶ʿ5000ͼ飬ټӼң㹻
ˡ˵ľԲΣһйѧ䷨ѧԺֻռ
һ¥İ㣬칫ҡһټһͼҾȫҵ
Ļйκһѧ䷨ѧԺˡ

йķѧƽѾȫģұҵʱ
ѧԺֻ40ҵһĸУƸˣַѧԺÿıҵ
Ѿﵽ400ˣ10֮䣬ҵȻģ10
иܻרҵôѧҹѹ֪

йķְҵʸƶȼ죺ûѧʿѧλģһɲ׼
μӣѧʿѧλģܵУ䷢ѧλʸԡ
ֱҳŭѧԺѧֻ7·ݱҵſԲμ9·ݾп
ԣʣ÷ѧԺѧڱҵ֮ǰҹʱδĹ֤
רҵ֪ʶĺϸѧҹѹôʱ;׼
ͨʲ10%ĿԣĿƶȺѧ
һҵ뿪ҵȻȿȡְҵʸתءе
УڻɱѹĿǣӴ˲Ͷ
ķְҵÿһĿ¼ޱʹģĿƶȣֱ
Ӵ˵ְҵġ

ǵķѧǣʱΪʲôԼ
ѧǵְҵҲƽƶƣ

塢	ʦ硢ѧ

ʦڣڿʦѳΪӪ
ģӵ֡ȻнڼְʦʦڷѧԺڿΣ
繵ͨǼ١ѧ粻֪ʦҪʲôѧʦ粻
Ĳߵ״θĽƶȡҶä󣬸̥ƴر
סԼһȫѺԻµĺǣʦбԹѧ
ԺҵܣԼл˺󣬻Ҫ¯죻ͷ
֪ʵﵽβȷƶˣƴس˾
䣬Ѻö˶һɸɰ¡

岻ãûȥϰ࣬ʥ˲ض˵
ŭдйѧ2000֣θ֮ԡ

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ү³Ѧ



ѧӵУѦӿ˶ĵġôһ
ѡˡȴ׽סַ޴ԵľʱУʱʱ
ţԴץλٵ򡣴ӱݵĲ֮޵ѧ硣
޵ԸƣΪӺ͹ţӵζº֮͡
֣ΪNBAԱĹ׶вԾ
עⲩȡͬ顣޵ĸ߼ ѦҮ³
Ѧ˵ĸȴһʮ꺮ѧλɵȶѰܵ
йĽˣõķʽǱᡣ޴ʱԽ
ǳԽ׬Ǯ 

ǣҮ³ѦһЩбҪع⣬Ӣĵýع⡣Ҽǵ
Ѧ˵ƪۼѧ߽ƶȵ£˵
ۣǶλתҮ³ѧͬΪйˣûбҪ
ôҲա˭һԽ䱾ԣҮ³Ѧ
ƪ£뽫֮˿ϡĹͣлл

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ν֥ŵۡ
𽯾ɡ֥ŵۡ롰ۡ



ת廪ѧɸڵġ֥ŵۡ롰ۡһ
ģԭļ2008118աѧʱԿս޶˵ָ
Ͳò˵䣬ࡣ

ȥ7ǽڵʦıʢĽ˵
ڡ׶ѧáʲôǿѧ⡣̸ϣѧ֥ŵĹ
㣺˶ǲڵģġھ֥ŵ˵ӣ׷ڹꡣ
׷ڹʸѧСѧûһСѧ
ڵõĴ𰸡ʶдһƪġڹнٶȵ
⡷ڵĴ

ʱڵѧתҵ£˵Ĺ͡
ûᡣ񣬽ֹվָ𣬲󵽶ԿսĹ
Ͳòˡ

Ĵ̸̸ν֥ŵۡ˵˵ۡʵĺ塣һ
߼ѧĸָìܵ⡣ô֥ŵۡʲôأ

֥ŵǽ2500ǰϣѧҡǹԪǰϣѧҰµ
ѧѧɵĳԱΪ˶ͱ仯ǲʵģ
ΨһʵǡΨһĴڡǲūʱѧ۵㣬絽
ãֻһ˲Żˡ֥ŵΪ˵ʦ
۵ġӣһСʸһǰ˹׷
ڹꡣע⣬׷ڹ꣬ڶ׫ġô˹Ϊ
˻Ƕе߰ٿȫ顷С˹ۡĿ
дǡ֥ŵΪ֤˶ĲԶõ֤ڰ˹
ڹһУڹǰĩ˹Զ׷ڹ꣬
ΪΪڹĳõǶʱѾǰһط
ڰ˹ΪִǸطõʱڹٴǰһԶĵ
ơһ73ҳ˹һλϣѵһ
ڹʥһʮǧأ˹׷ڹ
֥ŵ˵ڹȳȵ˹ﵽڹʱڹѾǰˡ
˹ȴһϲġѵλҪƵϢһ£Ȼ֥
ŵʹ˹ַΪ˶ǲʵģ԰˹ڹ
ǾͲˡôڹôڶأɼĹ۵ìܵġ˵
û˰˹ڹнٶȡ˹ڹʱڹ
Ѿ뿪ˡǣ˹ûͣ²Ǽǰٶ㣬
˹ûʱ䣬׷ڹġǵִ׷ˣ
Զ׷ϣץˡԣڱ֤Ψѧǿ֥ŵ
ΨĵġζѧģΪۡ۶Ժѧķչ
Ͼۡ

һλñѧѧѧùڶϣѧȱ˽⣬ū
ʱΨĵĹ۰ѧΪֵǳ
ͲܽĿѧԭ 

˳һ£ڵǰʢСһЩˡһЩƭӣ
ǲ͵ǶǡģȹַϵթǮƣ
ĳЩңǲܲġ
2008.1.23.


֥ŵۡ롰ۡ


2008011813:02  Դѧʱ

ѧչ죬Ƽ֪ʶİ˥ڼֻ̣һЩ֪ʶ
ȴȱѧ񣬰ͨ߿ѧЧȴһڡ
źǣȥĿѧƫؾ֪ʶӿѧ񣬽ǿ
ʿȱѧһѧռΪԨ
޴Ұһ֮Ϊۡ
90й˼ʷѧѧУ
еġѧ塱ʼܵУڿѧѧѧʷѧѧ
Уټ˵ĿѧѾᳫֻпս֣ԭּĿѧ
ȻϣӰ죬ѧ˼ɡΪй
ս硰ۡĵͱ֡
֪ѧ֧߼ʵ顣йûв
ѧһɺӵԭǣ˵йȱ߼ϸԵĿ
׷ǹġҡ߼īңйŴ˼
չʷ϶ӰСıԵλƳ󷨣ӡȷз
ʶɫǿΨʶڽ壬Ҳ˹ӡȸ߶ȷ߼
ȻȻйʷϵĵλϣΨʶȴЪ
ҲдСеں;ڵȶ߼ͷͷ̱
ԣȻ̵ԵҲѼ򵥵жϽӡȻɷ
ǣ˶߼ӵĴͳ˷չѧشϰ
ˣѧʢڱпЭ׶ѧݽʲô
ǿѧʱֹϣ߼ġ֥ŵۡǺм
صġȼ֮رѣй˵
ǽƱ磬ô׷أǿЦǵģǺ档֥ŵĹ۵ƶ
ѧ߼ķչĿǰҲ˵õܺõĽ
Ȼ˴۾ǣȷѺر˵֮£ȻЩ
ĿʿȻ⣬һ֤ӵȷ׷ڹꡣ
ƹѧϰѧ֪ʶͬʱ볫ѧͿѧ
͸зˡ
룬ûнӴڵĽ֮ǰΪȱѧʷͿѧ˼ʷ
֪ʶѵȱ߼⣬˶ƿǣ
ʶרҵĿʿϣѰζˡҲǣ֪ʶ
򴫲ġȱʧģܵ͡Ѭգȱʡ̬ȵԵʰɡ
Σɡ֥ŵۡķӦȷʵˡۡԡ
˵ʵȻ̫ͬĳЩͳʿǱϾΪ
ҵǵĹףйҲпͣӦܵءĵĿҪ
ѧϲĹӴͳѧת̲ݻ
ѧҵȷҪѧѧѧʷѧѧѧƵԴͽ
ΪֻصġۡΪ廪ѧ
ڣ

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

йũҵѧٱ
ũ¼ҵ˥

йũҵѧ̹ Ȫ

ǰС鳤ûеһֱˣųϦ
ΪԺʿʵ˰άĿʱתȫҵ
ũ󣬶ͻȻ˴ĿȨ䵽Ϲ˾ΪǰУ
ԺԺʿʯԪ˸ũ˾˽˵һũ
νһ֮֮ϡ

һΪץǰܾʿյıӣҪ˾ܾ˵
Ϊŵݹ׽Ƶûа취͸˵ֲ࣬
ֻЩл߷Ҫ׷̰۰ɡҹ˾
ܾƼ̸ϣҪƼ˵ʿľ⣬ƼƵ
ûа취ֻø˵Ҿֵûзʿյ⣬ȫ
ڹ˾Ϊȥ顱ܶȥ뿪˹˾
ֻһ˶Ȩˡ

ֹһ¾ж˺ͱϪҩĺƵñϪ
ѧУȻ˾ϪˣԺоϪӦ˾4ֺάB1 1.8%
ũҩʱֵ200Ԫ˼ǺϪûи4ũҩ
򷴹8ԪһǸϪʦѡ˽²
Ա֪Ȫġ

˺򽫰άؼתҩּ˾
ʯׯԶšôشľüĿһ˰н
͹ּǩкͬ󼯻ĿУְıͬһ
빫˾ʮũҩ˶ϣһѧУʧǧԪ˵ȵõ
ԭʼɣ˴ơк󣬺ܶ೴˽˽ⰢάĿ
ǰǸĿٵˡ1996ңϷһұ
ֽԡˣάء˱֤жϡ

Ϊлһׯ󰸡Ϊ˼߱ʸ鱨ҵ
ðũ˾Ӽԭҩάأ鿪ֵ˰Ʊ6000ԪΪֹ
йزźʵ飬򰴵ʱάؼ۸ùװ˼ʮͰ
ϰάرǩɻء򽫷Ʊĵڼһ
Ȫյóڶ
˵Ҹ£ǽԼԴϡ

˾ְ֪ͺҩĺó3Ԫ
һ̨ԺһֻãԡֵֻǮˣй˾ְ
˾

ĵ¾ǽгѾӪʿʱ涨
ҵΪֹڧְṩϢ˾ͳһһڸܾ档
ҵ񽻸һѿĸ幫˾Ӫö
ӹ˾ŲãйشƱŲ400Ԫ˴óף
ѧУûΪѧУ׬һǮ

ɵĵļ¾ǳάȡ䣬ȡĹΪֻ
й˾ϵĸܾƽϢԩӴ˹˾õԭҩתü


ɵĵ¾ǳάػԭ䣬ֵʮԪ豸
תƸ˽׬ǮȥˣйشƳһֵ̨8Ԫ
ķӦʯׯһʹãǾٱ׷ءһ̨ķӦ֪
ȥ򡣾ݸ㻹ԭͽԭڻԭԭĽϴ
ɾ幤ԱСΪڣʵԱԭг
ʱҵǳǿ֣͵
ίпԡ˺˾һҵûˡ

ɵĵԼǿ˾Ϊ˵绰СܻƸ
СŮ˾йгϢһıǵְ
ıְۣǵĹ޷չǺܺõĹϵг
ȥϵ

ˣ˾ʣũҩƼˡ

ϣҵ׼ĺţӦðάؾƷҩ92%ϣ
ְðάȡʣµĲ͸ࡢ˿Ｐά
ػԭάȡʣµĲԭҩرάػԭά
ȡʣµĲд°õĴ߻ж

˾ְ󲿷ũ壬֪ũļѣھӵũӳж
ũҩҩ¹ʵĵ绰ź󣬹һ㱨ӣ
һΪ˹˾ҸֽӦ֪ǹΪǹ
¼йũĵλüƣ˽ְǵļΪ
ųڵľĥְûиãͬʱ⡣
˵ֻҪ˾ͺð죬񲻽͸

ຣҩ󣬰ָʾҩ쵼˵ûн
⣬Ը쵼绰ٲҽ⣬㵱³
ƿę́ơù˾ѧУҩ׬Ǯγ
600ԪС⣬лӻ400Ԫ󲿷ԭʼĺϷƾ֤

ְһȻĻɺ;£ñӵ۹ֶζ
ְάػԭΪάʱĽϴְǰ
Ա˽͵ˡ˾Ʒװʱ⣬뵽ǾԱеõ
˺ôڹ˾ֺܲ£ϲڸгúܺãԺ
ϲͬȥ˽˽µϲǷûؿۣͬʾϲܲҪ
·егϳַӳְð칫¼绰
͵¼ӳݡĻ˵ץסְ֤ݣʱôô졣

˾֮ģ˾ְ÷ǳסְѧУϼд
ŷӳ򼰹˾⣬еְ취ˣеְɴ಻Ƕ
뿪ũܹ˾бƼѧʽְ15ˣ˶ʿѧ6
ˡκһʱ䣬ǰᵽλܱ⣬˶ʿѧ
ʽְԽࡢ׳ࡢž4λڹ˾3λ
ܾ񡢹Ůͬ־⣬񡢹λ
ģĶĶΪ˶ĿԴƸ
˶λܾˡԼ˽˵ʵְ⣬
˾ʽְȫߣʱսʱ˭˳۾Ͷ෢Щ
˭˳۾ٷЩҹ涨øְĸ˵Ͳÿ
˾ܰʱ粻˾Ƴ٣ʱĲԱ
ʱǩʵеְû취Уλ
ְϽ˭߾͸ҹũУڲܣֻҪ
´´һ绰ʲô֪ˡ

1996715գѧУΪǿ˾ȪΪ˾ܾѧУ
쵼̸ʱ˾ܲ񣬵ûκһλѧУ쵼˾
ѧУļҲûʾܲԼ˾3
µʱ칫ûаţԼڰ칫ѰҳְĿλ£
Խߺ͹̶λϡ֪ѧУ
ܲ˽³Ļ˵ܲ񻹵ʲôܾ
ڼĬλϣϢְͨУڵ֪ѧУ
θְܾ֪ڹ˾ʱϢʱ
䣬ְǰһЩ˾ʵΪˣ
Ҫעȡ

µʺӲѧУɣ㽥
˾칫ҹְ飬һϵйƶȣ
ƶȡƶȡߵȣԹ淶˾ĹΪ󶼱
ƷˣԼĴ㣬ͲܹƶȵԼ֮
˾ص˲ƽũҩĻرڻƳ
ߺ󣬻µĻơƼձ
ٱȫǺ˵˵ʵǻƳ·ߺ¶˽
һֵĻƽʣַǳغ󣬲룬
ļ¼ͽ˳ˣ˻һЩ
ϡһһͬѧһԷ
ͬѧΪʲôԼ칫˾ش𣺡㲻֪Լ칫˾
ʹ

ʱľũ˾˵ѱϴһգе뻹ǿҩ
ũũǮȫӻˣ˰նɡݾٱ
ʵ˾͵˰Ԫ100ԪԲݡ97
ң㽭廧𣬽˾Ĺг侭Ӫ
ФҺⷿ칫Թ˾徭Ӫ棬еķöɹ˾е
˾꿪гȫתƵͷϡ˾ְ
Ϊ߿Ϊǹ˾ְǮʱҲΪţ
˾ְϽٱܸƨãٱŶˣ־
֡ʱǸң˾ǵùеǮӳԲꡱ
ʱ¶ǵ˵ôĶˣũ󵱹ٵĲֵǮǧԪ
ʲô͸ʲô

˿Բſں˵ʵְ֪֮Ը˺
Ϊ֮˽ְ˿Ϊѱ֯ѧУĹϵ
ĺ̨ΪǰУΪԺԺʿʯԪ

ÿĹʱҪУ졢Уͼ졢Уµȹؼ
ʵϷǳʧȥȨѧУȥְһѧ
Уڼ䣬ΪУУһδӹ˾С
ֽ20Ԫǳ˵˵ͷͷСǮͺð죬ҵλ
ҲõˡȪṩĲϿУÿӹ˾õԪ
ĺôһ괺ڣشʮֻ͸ѧУؼҡ

97ףӹ˾50ԪֽΪעũ޹˾
ũ˾İάҵȫתƹȥܵռ40%Ĺɷݣ
λɶռ30%ɷݣÿзֵ60Ԫ˹ɷֵ240Ԫ

йũҵѧ¼ͷҵӵаάصĺĿ
˻ıԵ

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

2008MBA֮һΪҽ

ӣ

ãԴһǰ˿࣬һֱǱˮҽ֮һ
ǰһ˿ϿӶ׸ıҶҽĿμ08MBAʱ
طֵһǶһιҽǷѧı֤ЧԷ˫
۾ݾΪ˿ֹĹ۵㡣ֻҪе߼ж˭֤Ч

ǺҸ˵£ܴ󻷾̫ãҽҪȫ񽡿ϵ
ҽĿѧԵ⡣ͨοԣʹòҽǷ
ѧһ˼һֻͷɳȥᡣ˴ķΧ
˲òȥ˼ԳͶأо/Ҳ˿֮
һ 

ʹҽԵһصԶҼһûгɹ˵κ˵
ӣǶֻǼ򵥵ֻѡһ仰δɹͬ־Ŭ

Ralph Wang

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҼҶ˿Ӧ

anthony.wang

ҹƳĿƣ˿ŲϡǰʦԷ
ǿҵĸۣӦҲӰ

ź趼ҽҷֹ˵ǲˣҲðģ
ͰxysҽĿԼ1000ƪѡ100ƪ

ҺȥҲֱӺҽ˵鷳ֻܲҩġ
ҽȥгҩĳɱȽϹҩҲðҩؼҶǿ

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ִҽѧйƽڳɹʿǸø

̷

ҽĽҽѧ֮ǰûвѧйܷǽ
ţ⵱Ȼ㲻һѧʣҽƺҲûаѷ䵱£ֻŮƣ
ûҽơЩңҽѧһ֣в
ѧͽѧGeburtshilfeҽѧֿһġֻ
˲ȾϸãƲ𽥵ҽѧ
ںϣճΪִҽѧһ֡ҽѧеһлʡ֯ѧ
̥ѧ΢ѧѧѪѧҲ𽥽Ϊ
Ǵִҽѧֿƻеһҽѧзֳרơ

ӹĽǶȽϿ϶ȻάҲ
˻֣ᷢи㳡и޴ĵܣһŮӣ̥ͷѾ
ҽȹ½龰ĸԵΰʹ࣬һӡ
̣˿ûһɫ˼ǰѾἰȻ״̬²ûҽ
µȻ1.5%ڵϻԲ鵽59ǰĲ
Ȼʸߴ5 500/10300࣬ɼܴ󡣲ظŮȻ
ļҲ̫˵㣬ͳƴĸԭȱಡȽ϶࣬
²֪ҲûмѧԴ˽ۣԴұʣҲ֪
õĻ뵽ȥԭ״̬µĲϲಡǲ
Ǳƽԭߺܶࡣ

1.5%ᣬܵͣΪ˲ֹһӣ
ֺܸߺֲܿԣЩطԻӣӣһڴ
ϣһŽײġžָΣˡڵйĴʿŮ
Դ¿ΪҽĲࡣִҽѧ
죬Ϊִҽѧһ֣ѧȻΪʿѧУһ֡
֪йûһ䵥ʿѧУ

ڿһˮƽҪָУйصľв
ʺΧʣԹרų̨ˡĸӤǰѾ
ר̸ˡһ㿴ҶĸӤ黹ǺӵġҪﵽ
ҵĲ2/10򣬾ͱȽѡΧʣ6/Ƚˮƽ
ڱϺĳЩҽԺҲѲʲô⣬ĳЩݻһ㡣Ϊ
˴꣬רųиױۺҽԺĸ
ơκοҶûе¡

ǰвƶȡԸҵһ
Щܡвۡҵڵһͨ˵˵в
ۻᡱݳв⣬кָ
꣬ѪʣʹʣʣΧʣ
ʣȱݣ˷緢ʵȣܣôһűÿƶ
һӣרŵǼдЩ֪ٵһű
ΪҽԱĴű޹أ˵Ĵֺأ
ԿŶȷǳߡ

ۣٵؼһЩأԶԲҽҽ
ʽͲһӰ졣Ϊ˽вʣΪ˽ϢʣΪ
Χʵȵȣͳľ𽥱ӣ֮ʹ
ϵȽ׼һ㾭ļʱ87.5%ңǱȽϺõģ
۴˻֢٣в͡仰˵ʹ
Ӧ12.5%ҡ͵ĻʹһЩƲ֢ߣ繬
Ѫ̹Ϣаֱ
ȵȡǺ֣ûרһ֢ҽǼ
ûмߵĻǳһ޶ȣĸӤ˺ֿʼ
ӡ

Ϊ˱Ĳ֢ò׼ʱҽǾʹԼ
ﵣʹ80ĩ90ڣʱһССҽ
һʹ15ΡϿζμۣʡ½
ôô죿þʹλҽʦһλסԺҽʦͷ
óʱ̧ͷʱȻûʲôһ˵һ³
⡣

90ڣǡ𽥳Ϊһʱ֡һЩҾϺõ
һЩȽϽĶŮΪʹԸӡҲ
⣬ʹʮУ֮ʹΪʮûᣬŮʿ
һп̹ĵĸܡΪ˽⣬ҽʹг
Ҫ󣬲ǿʼеȽϱŤΪѣһ𲻱Ҫ
鷳ʾЧӦ͵͵ָһд
ͷ費ơһûнҽˣͷ費̫࣬
ͳʹԭô죿Ժôд£ȺȺдϣ
ءдضʹѾǺˡ

⣬ڹ㶫غһڳеĸԣȺУŵ
ҪѡʱˣʹҲͳ˲šҹϵ
ţлߵ廨ŵֶΣˡĿֻһҪѡʱ
ʱһδPresidentܾǱ˵ˣŵ
طҽʦܹڹĿǰ뷢ơ٣Եÿµ
8š18ź28ţҲãҲգǼֱǲҽѡ
Ҷһæǰ12õģľȻǰ20죡
һиŮʹ94꣭96ʱ25ҡʱ
֯Ϊƹĸι˸ʲôӤҽԺ̣Ժϸ˵
״йŵʹʾͶ25˾͵òǿͭơ

98꣬йҽ¹ʵһ˸߹һˡҶΪ
ʲô˲ģûҽԼǧ꼸겻ˣ
ԸǲƵҽƾ׾ر࣬ƺһй
ˡвҽƾУǾˣ
ԺһؽûѡʹΪҽʧɣҽѧҲ˵
ôûѡʹôûʹԣҽ
öѾ֪ʲôӦʹʲô²Ӧʹ
Цǣǰи2ҽңһ1.52׸ߵи
еխǲǿԲԲֱʹʳںᾶȻ
֪ںᾶô֪ںᾶ̵ĸŮͲԲ

֤εʩ֮󣬼ʹءǿָĲѧڣҲ
ټԼνԭʹʾٴΪִҽѧйʵһ
ָ߷壺60%-90%ǴҽԺҽԺ͹˾䲻𰡣
ǵʹرߣһЩϵ͵ҽԺΪũ˿ڶ̥࣬
࣬ʹʻһЩڵҽԺǼƽҽԺ̥
ﲻʹڻά3307ϣ
ˣҵĿ80ҽʦλҽʦλ
ڲǯǰи̥λΪλĲˣѾȫ̥Ѿܲ
ҽȥʸβڣȥһλǯ5Ӻ
̥ͳˡȫҽʿΧۣҵˣƵġһ
ԭƾ̥ıಡҲȥʸϵķյ
ȻС̥˵Сʱʱ䣨׼Ӳ˵Ҵ
ʳһҪСʱʹ̥ĴԷˡһλ
ʿ˵6ʱûλǯˡ

ʹʹʾӸ߲£ʿǵĹ
ࡣӿѧ˵ҾòѧΪһѧй½Ѿ
ΪʲôΪĲҽӦǽѲתΪƽӹҽŽƽ
ʹǯȻѲѵĳ̶Ȳһ
Ϣʱҹ涨ľͲһڵĲҽѾڴƣһ
ʣ˵ѧѾдοѧ飬һ
ѧڡҲҵѣҾͰ뿪Цض˵ йѾû
ѧ㻹ƽڣתУһ㶣ҲֻÿЦһ¡
ЩҽԺ90%вʹҽеʿԸС

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҽϵĸ°׷

Ѱ

ҪҪּҪּˣ׷ϸڡ̷ֻҪһ̼
ԵÆֱ׷Ѱˡԭûй̷˼ֻ
Ѷණ뵱Ȼؼ򵥣뵱ȻظӣԴҪ
۶רݣǵסˣǲס⡣

̷Ȼδɢαѧ۴δͻ
ΪΪǸִҽѧ˵ǷǳصָأԼΪ
ҽѧ˵ǾǿѧĴˣɵʸǺ׵
ɥʧҪ벻ôͱѭϸĿѧ֤ݣҪϽѧ磬
ҲҪгʵ̬ȡѵ̷ΪѰǰô
δȱ¸ѵһѧۣ

αѧǽÿѧ壬ŪǶǵĸΥѧţ
ΪſǰŬαѧһץһѣʹ
ҽң˵ִҽѧܳ׵ʲҽظαѧ
αѧҲҪһˮƽģ˵ҽûʸαѧģֻܳƼٿѧ
ǿѧѧ̬ȣǲҪԼѧϵȺţԼαѧ
Ļᣬαѧ˳ʵ̬ȣҲ׾ûбҪپ
ˡ

ڰ·˿ҸеЦ˿Ҳһ÷˿
æġ̷ڹ⿴ľ˵ҽһ쿴˼
´ӡԾ˵֪һҽһ쿴
ٸԸԸô֪ԭ򵥣һͣδ
̷ҲδѰҲ̫ͼҼʱڼ̷רҵˣ
̷ʹȺݣҵȻزо棬ר
ҵһҽҪٸˣ϶ء

̷˿ܺЦԭļȻԼʱ䣬δ
أҲӣڷҪٴθαѧۣЩ
ΪֹۣʵԼ׾ʶ⣬ȻҪչۡ
ʰ¼˿ĸƱ׼аѡӡƾ̵ģ
ǵĽ̿աѧݣΪҽԺҽĹԱҪ
ǻߵܣЩܴͳʶӰ죬ҽԱƫãһ㶼
ϡ棬ŮҽǺһűܵģƳά
ʶǿԱĸ񣬹ԱĽǶȸǾĿġ
⽨µӶʶϸԵ±԰ҽ
ΪѰѧҽҽʵǼɱ˵ģǾȻӹҴ
졣

°׷۵ıײ£Ǿάӵʱɲɲ壬ǵ
ҽѧжΪԲ壬ԾάˣϾάҲʵʺô
ҽѧжϲ壬ǳӾԵαΪȷΪ
Ч󻯣Դͨ壬ǵҽ¾⣬
͵ͣ°׷ۿɷһѡ

ڵҽԺҲҪȫҽԺҪμӵJCAHOJoint 
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizationsʸ֤
Ȼڳļɹĳ棬ԱԱҪݣ
ƽĹ߷пķⲻ˵ġһλҽͶұԹ˵
֪ĺõͲҪΪκ׼ΪǾǵҵĻ
ǲŸ֤ܵ˵͹Ϊһ仰ǾԼвˣ
Ļ￴ʣй˽ѡ

ԴԴͨͬҪ㡣ûм
Ļ̷ǰҽʿԲ˱˻ҪõģԼҪ
ԼĶ⣬һӣǾװƣôߣδⲻ̫ϵ˰ɣ

ѧศɵģûһԸ㲻ÿѧ
־͵Ҫء˵Щһ춼飬̷׾ٴ
ˡ̷ָ׾ٵش򷢲ôϵģ ָ
źһ첻顱һ⣬֪йΪҽԺ
ҲǴҽԺٻҪڹҺŵĵطռλŶӣʱϼ죡û
ۿĿɲֹһˡǶԻ߼ѵĥ
ھ˷Ѽ˵Ǵ⣬̷ĽǶҽԴ
ʹõõ⼸Ӷѵ׾ٵشˣ
⣩¼õıʵθر˶࿴
ѵ׾ٵشˣ⣩˵׾ٵش⣬Ҳ
һۣ񾭲Ҫ̫С

ҵȻ֪ҽƤίٴҽƻ̫ĲЧ棬
ҽ˵ıΪ潣ΪѰΪʲôܲ˲ųģҪ
˵Ѱҽδд͵δṫĻԭ
򣬰ԼϵͳܵĲԴת޵ϣֻǵίԶ
Զشȥô򵥵ĵ治֪ҪظٴΡӲ֮㣬
Ҫ¶Լ㻹Ϊ¸У÷ӵĻ˵໥ͼ
Ͳˡ

ʵܶĸԴ뵱Ȼɵģҽ񣬳صĲ
еĳ¾ɣϵĲҽۣǹϵ⣬
ϰڵЧ֪ĹʱΪ볣棬ʶЩ
⣬ĿǰĴ⡣õĹҪҽ֪ʶЧ󻯣
һЧĹػҽƻһЧĹػҽ
ͱز١ҽͬһġ

Ϊϰ߶֮ԣΪ˱ճĸִ̼
ǣΪĸ˼άҪƣڱ԰̷дغ
ЩʵĴ̼˼ԼٵĻ׽״Ҫͣ
Ϊʲôÿ춼ǷǲȡѵķʽѵķʽҲ
׾ٽƣΪ䣬һжǿԸıġ
̷ֻǽ˿д¼㷢ԹǴ˺¾ûҪˣ
ҲֵҪ㷢Թôĸˣߴȸߴա

ʵϰ̷Ҳоýӡ
ΪֵĿ꣬Ϊ̶ܴϸҵĳһģΪ
ṩϢָ̽ΪҽģʽƣΪˣӮҵ𾴡

԰̷ҷǿϿҽƼˮƽģٶҵԭİգ
Ƿ̵̬ȻǼϲֵߣϰ
϶Ѱˡΰ󡱵ҽұЦһءѰҽ׷Ŵ
ˣҿɲΪԼǺʱѰҲҽѧ֪ʶķΧڣ
Ҳؿ۳ԵûѰҽʱĵ£Ҳ⣬⣬ȻѰ
ﷴһˡѰҽʱʲôС
񣬹ƽؽѰϼ꣬ҽڱȰٷ֮˾ʮҪõĵλ
òԿ䣬Ѱƣ˴ȥڿƣ󲿷ʱ򻹿ʹҽ
ڿҽҪΰѰġ

ֻҪҽʮ꣬ûģеʱ̣޷ǧ˴ˣ
Ҵˣָǲ֤ҽƼˮƽģϲ
ҲʵԣҪѣĿٴǿѧؿ֤ݣ
ȱǿ֤ݵ£ԾжϣҴδͿڸ
רҵΪû෴֤ݣϵʧʵҽѧ
ʧȫûбҪ´˵Ϳ㡣

ѰѰΰİ˼Ա˵˼ά
ԶԼͨֻҪдϵñӻ죬ֻԼܵˣ
Ϳܻ֮ˡ

Ѱӷڶ˺˺õģֲʵ
ûʲô˺ѰعҪģʵڲ̷֪ѧı׼
иʲôֵ֪Ϊʲô޹˼
ɣпŵп֣ʵһ㶼ıϲ׵
ǩ

̬ѧ̬ҪܶණǶա

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ѱ鼦

췹

д˼ƪѰܻλ˼̸ȱڹҽ
״飬뵱Ȼȵ£˷ǳֱϡڱԼһʱ
ŶֲԸŬҽһñӣѵǣǾǱ
ģԺ

̷ˡִҽѧйͬҽƲһ
м䣬޲͸¶ƶҽδκĳ̶ֳȵԳ
ҷʡڰ˽ζԴýǵĵ²̫Ҫ
Ѱȥˣֻ湦Ϸġҽ̬Ϊ
һҽơ䷳ĵؽΪҽӦҪõ̬֮
ظһ顣

ҽ̬Ϊ̷һҽơһ ̷
ҲһձĳʱȴΪйϵвõȴ
Ϊ߸⡣ĿǴġվڲ˵ĽǶȣձ
ʱȴһǷһ֪ԤԼƶȴı׶ˣ
࣬ܶ඼ԤԼʱ֮⣺ȵ˿
ʱ䣬ÿСҲԼˣԤԼƶϵĺôȻ࣬йϵ
вõȴһϲ˵棬Ȼ˲˵
Ϊ۵ģ̷û˵йϵֻ˵õȴһΪ
ϲ˵ԸѰ֪ûУȡԤԼƵͬʱβò˳
ʱĵȴҪ⡣

̷˵ҽһֻˣƬ֮ǣǰŸһ
ҽģһ컹Ҫ45ҵĲ˵ģ̵ĿԼӸ㶨Ŀ
ҪСʱ8Сʱ480ӣƽһ10ңҵĿ
Զ̷˵һλڹ78һֻ35ˣ
Ѱ˵һҽʱ˵һ컹Ҫ45ҵģ̷ı˵
ҽæЩѰ˵ҽûôɣȻ˭Ҳ˵
˭ǾͿƽɣϣѰϸͬȼҽԺͬҽ
ͬʱڵĽ˭ĻЩȻǸѰ˵ҪԤԼŶӵ
ϵΪĹұȡ

Ѱΰ̷ҽƼˮƽģʵ˵Ѱһҽ
Ժ̷ҽǱҪ36µķ̬ѵϸڵģ
Ц벻ҪҽƼˮƽߵİ̷Ҫ36µ
̬ѵϸڣҵȲԸŬҽҲüҽƼ
ˮƽаɣҲֱӳؼˡ֪Ѱڵ²̫͵Ĺ
ҽԺҵϺѰ׼ҽ˵ѰҽԺ
ǹһҵһңΪҽǣ뻹ӦðѰĻʿǣ
ڽܷ̬ѵѾֱӿˣҲ˵ѰһҹҽԺ
ǲᷢġͬҲǿЦЦ

̷˵ѡҿҴҵ
ʱڿԼûʱؿʣʱӣ
Ƽ鶼ˡֻҪ֮ߣ̷Ϊ
ο̷ʵطϵòˣ˼ҵļ飬
˼ҵı档ֱѰץס©Ϊ̷ҽеغѰ
ʳ˼̻𣬾ǲỻλ˼ԵʡѰλλҽ
λɴӸҽѿɷ򣬻߻λɸҽʶĿŮԣͻ
̷ڴ־صΪ֮

ѰһƪС˵Ǵһĸҽ罻
ϳŮѻѯƷ⣬˵Ը
һµĻԸ㿴һ£һƪС˵Ǵǵ
ڵȻɣҲĸҽĸΪҽ
벻ѡѰҲһҽϣŮѻ
ѯƷ⣬ҪѰܹ˵Ը
һµĻԸ㿴һ£ҾѰһһ
ˡ

̣ׯĵãѾԶĹҽ״
ҲͬȵĵãҲǹڵҽԷ׷ӵĹҽ״
һĽҪڵýţׯֻҪ
ǰׯӳYYͿԣҪˣҡ

ͷֿһѰġ޴աλҽĻش𡷣ĿǺ
Ƶģһ㱻жˣѰҽǵ棬ֻص
ʵЩ鼦󹩴ѧϰЩӦѰľˣ
һõ

һҪԼļֵ۵¡ʼǳҽģǳ
ҽԺҽԺԱģҪˣȰ̬á

ΪԼ벻취ζԼ̹רң
רɲνҵרҲ

ǿѧʵʵ޷ṩ
ԭ

ġ۸ַֻʽǺģһгۣɳɱۣ
Ҳ÷ӳɱԭ

塢ҽϵѣμסҽĳڶ
һµģʶ˭˭ǵˣʲôǿյġ

ҪסҽǺҽ£ҽǺҽУͬ黵ҽ
ǸԼȥ

ߡҽǿ˲ˣǷ£δںδ
Ҫзǣܰܵתұȥ

ˡһҪȷķߣ״Ƽ۸ԣԹȴҪ
һпɷˣȺڣѰṲʶȻˮɣȥ
ϣ

šѧ㾭ѧרҵ̶ȣǻֲᷢٵԭã
д浵ҪʱǻᷢǲòǶô
ɡ

ʮеĹԱҪô򣬵ȻǶеôȡģ
ȨǶģʩģʩȨǼٵġϰʩ
㷨Ȩ񶼷ֲѧָΪȡ棬
Ϊȡ籧ׯӳYY

ҸΪǵǰҪǵǰѾϵѵ
ۼһĶ⡣Э򵥵֣ҿ
Ƹ˶ҽƵȻܹ˶

°ʱ

1ѧ̬⡪̷LinchuangҽѰ
08.01.08

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue48.txt
2ŹҰҽѰĪ췹08.01.09

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue50.txt
3ƫִҲĴ췹ҽѰ08.01.10

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue53.txt
4Ѱ췹08.01.11

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue55.txt
5޴աλҽĻش𡷣Ѱ08.01.11, 

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue58.txt
6ִҽѧйͬҽƲһ̷08.01.21

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue63.txt
7ҽ̬Ϊ̷һҽơѰ
08.01.22

http://xys.dropin.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/xiandaiyixue64.txt

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

֮ׯĵã7


Ѱ

ҪаĶһ򣬽Զʧʲôֻ˵
йҪ֮һҪԹ˵ѡٵִʣûо
һİз˿ȥĹׯ֪֮ͽȴҪȥ
̽Ȼδֲ̫ܿ˷Լƨϰߣ
ƪۣţҪ̫ˡԭƻÿƪׯΣ
ͣδԵϱǩˣĶʵ
ԼȥλŪѵ֪ģҪֶΣǻԭ
ĸѰףƶǶ⣬һкΡ

ѧϰԶɽƪǰģֶ
˫Ŵ⣬Ҳ֪ӣǮ֪ˣ
ӡׯƵһۣѲ˵٩ͬׯ
дʱϡͿ顣

ߣάϵӳҲ˱ܣᷢչ
ĸԼʹʱҲĳʵ볤ãԴ
ֺҪԶŵ˳֮ΪΣƪ빵ۣͼһ
ҽѧѧĴ𰸣ȻԵľ㣬һѡؼ
ǿЦǵĲȴǿѧϵ֪Ϊǵı
Ǻõģʱ˳̵ͺܲˡׯƵ鷳
֪˼룬ƨΣ
ĿɱׯƾʹƨܣȻѧ۵Ҳδܲʲ
ôûġδһ¡

Ҳģ֪ҲġģѣѶΪ֪ߣ
ӡһ仰ҪӣΪβͨѰԴһ

ׯƵϻǰ˳ȻԿǲҪģ
Ϊ˳ȻߣȻҲӽ⾭Ķ̵İ塣ҪŪƨ
ʧߴҲҳ֮Ϊۡҽѧķչʷϣ
ֹ۵Ȼ壬صȻۣʱҪڸҽѧðݣ
ҽƵ޼ʲôͯлƣţβ޲ϡͿ
Ȼۣҽѧ͸ˡ

޵ģ֪ʶ޵ģ׷ޣǱ֥ŵ
ʩ֮Уʵ֮٣һ˼άƺܶ˼άܵˡڡ
һ͵ȥˣܴ˶õñ׾ޱȣһ߼ûС
֪ʶƻʯͷĹϵǣѧۣǾҵһã
ٷͼôׯƵ֪ǿ߸ţ˵ܰе֪
ʶôǲܵģȱԪ˽Ǻ۵ģʱҲѧ
ѧǽķʽһ䣬ѽүʲôѽ
ׯƵİ壬벻Ѱֽ̣ʵصͨ˵İ壬и
˵գҲһӡ

Ϊ޽Ϊ޽̡ԵΪԱȫף
Ծꡣ仰Ӣ£There should not be the practice of what 
is good with any thought of the fame (which it will bring), nor of 
what is evil with any approximation to the punishment (which it will 
incur):-- an accordance with the Central Element (of our nature) is 
the regular way to preserve the body, to maintain the life, to nourish 
our parents, and to complete our term of years.

Ҳ֪The Central ElementûУҲ֪Central 
ElementǷThe Fifth Elementôߵ֪Central Element
ǷThe Fifth ElementҪļľˮԪأĳ
ӰǺÿ֣й˰ŪᷢԶɽͬ񵽱ƵİѡΪ
޽Ϊ޽̡һ㵽ӽıѽģ㶮
˼ûУȰƣȰģǵģǺܶ˾
ı־͸̫ͼƵĺܺÿҪҪһӽſڣׯ
ĶӦã˼ҵдúܣûʲô
壬ֻ⣬δ뵽Ϊͽͽһ𾢶Ѱ

װ鷳۶ʵ򣬹һͻ©

ׯĴʦҲ֪Ƿеãסʱ
Nourish Their Parents̨౨

(XYS20080124)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.freedns.us)(xys-reader.org)
