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ҿҩɴ

ߣRichard Stone
ѧ200828
룺ӣ

йѧѧлѧѧΪҿ
ȻﻯѧܵһνλеһйŶ
ʼһ15ƻͼйĲҩҩĳɷ֡

ƻµġҲĲġͼҩִһ
γԡЩϵҩ401ֲҩͶ
йѡƷΨһķ1970ҩ
оԱзΪűҩҩ䲻
ɿЧصĸö𺦣ǹʱҽ
ҩǽڿѧǽѧʹŵĻ֮ϣﻯѧ
ѧ߷˵ԷΪйѧ졣Ϊƻֻ
ǡ˷ѿоѡ

Ϊ˷ҩߣƻøͨɸѡԼ
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ȫģʾֹأϺҩҽҩִĿδ
뱾ƻĹ°˵Ŀǰ֢༲Լ
ҩƵ򲡺֢

йѧԺͿʽо֮һѧо
һ5ԪзƼƻ
2010꿪ʼ¸5ƻһ7ǧ5ԪĴ¹滮С
괺챱ɽ顪йĸѧ顪Ϊ˾һ滮
顣

ҩļȨ֧滮ʼĿʱ򣬡Ϻ
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طͳҽѧҩͨഫġй2
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˵ҽҩ޷ģǷѹ˵

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ɣֻ֪100֡

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ؼĵĽɸѡıƻй
Ա롣

ƻصΣԡ֮һǵҩ˾ͨ
üƻĻз޴ҩսƷΪ˶Կֿ
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ṹ졣ȻŶӻһƽṹĻר

еҽҵ߶ܶҽҩȥػЩ˵Ĵͳɥʧ
¿˵ǻ˵Ϊ˵ҽ֪ʶ﷨ҽ鵼
ĹɷִǱҪġпܹռ
ѧͻѧвͨ

Ϊҽҽϣıƻ֤
ǶԵġ

Science 8 February 2008:
Vol. 319. no. 5864, pp. 709 - 710
DOI: 10.1126/science.319.5864.709

BIOCHEMISTRY:
Lifting the Veil on Traditional Chinese Medicine
Richard Stone*

DALIAN, CHINA--Genome, proteome, metabolome  herbalome? In the 
latest industrial assault on nature's biochemical secrets, a Chinese 
team in this seaside city is about to embark on a 15-year effort to 
identify the constituents of herbal preparations used as medications 
for centuries in China.

The Herbalome Project is the latest--and most ambitious--attempt to 
modernize t raditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The venerable 
concoctions--as many as 400,000 preparations using 10,000 herbs and 
animal tinctures--are the treatment of choice and often the only 
recourse for many in China. In the 1970s, TCM tipped off researchers 
to qinghaosu, a compound in sweet wormwood whose derivatives are 
potent antimalaria drugs. But TCM's reputation has been blackened by 
uneven efficacy and harsh side effects, prompting critics to assail it 
as outmoded folklore. "TCM is not based on science but based on 
mysticism, magic, and anecdote," asserts biochemist Fang Shi-min, who 
as China's self-appointed science cop goes by the name Fang Zhouzi. He 
calls the Herbalome Project "a waste of research funds."

Hoping to rebut TCM critics, Herbalome will use high-throughput 
screening, toxicity testing, and clinical trials to identify active 
compounds and toxic contaminants in popular recipes. "We need to 
ensure that TCM is safe and also show that it is not just qinghaosu," 
says Guo De-an, who leads TCM modernization efforts at the Shanghai 
Institute of Materia Medica and is not involved in Herbalome. Initial 
targets are cancer, liver and kidney diseases, and illnesses that are 
difficult for Western medicine to treat, such as diabetes and 
depression.

The Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), one of the biggest 
and best-funded institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, won a 
$5 million start-up grant to develop purification methods; the 
Ministry of Science and Technology is reviewing the project with a 
view to including it as a $70 million initiative in the next 5-year 
plan to start in 2010. A planning meeting will be held at a Xiangshan 
Science Conference--China's equivalent of a Gordon Research 
Conference--in Beijing this spring.

Several TCM power players have thrown their weight behind the 
initiative. "It's the right time to start this project," says chemist 
Chen Kai-xian, president of the Shanghai University of Traditional 
Chinese Medicine. Herbalome should appeal to pharmaceutical firms, as 
it could identify scores of drug candidates, says Hui Yongzheng, chair 
of the Shanghai Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese 
Medicine.

In many parts of the world, traditional medicine recipes are handed 
down orally from one generation to the next. But in China, 
practitioners more than 2000 years ago began to compile formulations 
in compendia. Although in major cities Western medicine has largely 
supplanted TCM, many Chinese still believe in TCM's power as 
preventive medicine and as a cure for chronic ailments, and rural 
Chinese depend on it. "For most of us, when we feel unwell, we want to 
take TCM," says chemist Liang Xinmiao of DICP.

Since the Mao Zedong era, the government has strongly supported TCM, 
in part because it was too expensive to offer Western medicine to the 
masses. It remains taboo for Chinese media to label TCM as 
pseudoscience. "Criticizing TCM is unthinkable to many Chinese and 
almost like committing a traitorous act," says Fang.

Proponents insist that TCM has much to offer. But for every claimed 
TCM success, there are reports of adverse effects from natural toxins 
and contaminants such as pesticides. Dosages are hard to pin down, as 
preparations vary in potency according to where and when herbs are 
harvested. Quality can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and from 
batch to batch. "That's why many people don't trust TCM," says Guo. In 
the modernization drive, quality control is a paramount concern.

Herbalome intends to take modernization to a whole new level. The 
initiative is the brainchild of Liang, who believes many TCM recipes 
are effective. "The problem is, we don't know why it works," he says. 
The main hurdle is the complexity of the preparations. As an example, 
Liang shows a chromatograph of Hong Hua, or "red flower," a 
preparation applied externally for muscle pain. In many samples 
chemists deal with, one peak usually represents one compound, Liang 
says. But for Hong Hua, each peak is many compounds, and fractionating 
these yields more multicompound peaks like nested matryoshka dolls. 
Hong Hua is composed of at least 10,000 compounds, says Liang: "We 
know only 100."

Faced with such complexity, "we must invent new methodologies," says 
Liang. "This is the battleground of the Herbalome project." For 
starters, his 45-person team at DICP is developing new separation media. 
Herbs will be parsed into "multi-components": groups of similar 
constituents. To determine which substances are beneficial or toxic, 
his group plans to devise Herbalome chips in which arrays of compounds 
are screened for their binding to key peptides. The expanded Herbalome 
project would involve researchers at many institutes in China and 
abroad.

Herbalome has potential pitfalls. One is a concern that Western 
companies will develop blockbuster drugs--and walk away with the 
spoils--by modifying compounds identified by the project. To counter 
this possibility, says Guo, "we're encouraging scientists not to rush 
to publish and do structure modifications [to identify drug candidates] 
first." Teams would then apply for patents on groups of similar 
structures.

Not all practitioners embrace TCM's demystification. "Some are afraid 
that the traditions will be lost," says Chen. But Hui says that 
modernization is necessary "to reconcile the knowledge-oriented, 
deductive process of Western medicine with the experience-oriented, 
inductive process of TCM." Fang has a different take: "Can you marry 
astrology and astronomy, alchemy and chemistry? It never works."

Hui insists that TCM can coexist wi th Western medicine. Liang hopes 
his Herbalome project will prove Hui right.

With reporting by Li Jiao in Beijing.

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ͬԭȷL.C.S. and K.-S.C. analyzed dataû
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Ϊ˼άʽϷ뷨롰̫˼š뷨
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˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

֪Ŀ־


http://kai998.blogspot.com/2007/08/blog-post_20.html

쿴һƽ֮աҳ˲ټʶԼ̫
֪ˣⱾֵ˶ֵöкĵ˶о
˴ʵ֤ݴ֮ԵˡˮĽ
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һҾͼæGoogleһ·ӵϢĲ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/fangzhouziӶĲɷ:ԱƷĿ
ѧʮֶҵѹڽ滰ѧ
֪Ĺ̫ҪĿѧʿˡ

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(XYS20080211)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

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ۺʵʾ޴ķһ˲ĥ÷裬ҲҪɱﰮ˼Ȧ
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ɷãЩּô֪ӵġӽܲɷ˽⵽Ǵ
ԺýļϵõϢģҪİӷԺͨ򱨸֪ý塣
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Schweizerische Eidgenoessenschaft,֮Ϊʿ
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˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ܽȫԵ⣿

νhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/duanjianzhong

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ҪͷǧǰĹʬ뿴λߺͽΪ
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¾ڰʮ£

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٩p͸Ҳ˵žǺýʬйǵĻ
ʵʾǣԸԸ¹򿼲ʵȡݣֻϳԵ
ʳȻЩģһǹ˵ĻǶǣô
УԽǿӷӣû˸˵/ǿԽĳ
ӡֻƬﴴһš¡ѧʣᵽġµѧһ
ͰһѧȨͳˣǳԹʳȫȲǹҲ񣬱Ƚ
¶̰۩pѧˬˣԶҲԲ˹˾Ҳ⵽Ŀ
ܣҲлĻö˵׬ѵӡ

ǰἰλӦø뽨飺ΰѧ˵ҹ
ƹίpװҵһɹţ̶ֻӣһ
ǲɢʡǮھĻŲҲӦԴηǣ
ҹȻΪλֳȨСңͻг
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϶˵ǻӡ¾ҳԴΣpѪܼp
ƶķ˲ǣμǣй
զͲ֪أ

ڰ̲pζƣǾͲΪͬ־ˣ˼ұϾû
ܰ˵ᵽһ¶ˣʱȫ
һˢˢظӿͷ

(XYS20080211)

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֮Ρ֮顪֮ׯĵã13

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֮ΣȺˣ֮飬ǷǲԶɽׯ
ӵ³塷ɵȻʧЦԶɽλׯƵͷŴӣǧŵһ֪
ѣȻʦүĻδ׵ԲѴļ١ߵ
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ͬׯӺԣ֮ǵҪһֻţȥһֻ֣ﻨһ
񹦣Թѽ

ǰ潲ׯӵĴѧʵڽ˱Цֹν䣬˼Ӧ
˴ΧˡᡢҴùϵ˼˵ˣһ
ϵܺͣȻп󣬵ʧ˵Ĺ۵㣬ˣϻٳ
ڹ꣬Ӧδؼ棬ϻҪ˵Ŀŵ壬
˵вͣ˵Ÿ߳ܵԶ
ʹׯӵʱׯҲǿ˵ͶӦпʱЩ
ģᴦ˼ʹϵʹ˳ɹҪأҲǱҪ
֮һ

˼ȱʶĹŴعѧңҲýһ
Ĵׯʲôѧ˻й
͵˳ȻҲл壬еĽԴΪׯӱ
⣬NOһ۵ȻȫòѧҲ־ӵ
콵֮ͼȸ԰ο˵־ׯƴǽYY޼
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ȱ·֮䣬ƫƫջصʵýζǰ벿ô
ת벿ȫװŪ֮ãšһ˵ӽˮ
ˣǲмֵĶģ³޷ׯɥʧǡ
װŪġȻɥߣ䡷ִһ֮˽
ԼøһУʧôȻǽȻ̽
ӳģȻׯƵκν鶼Ϊ˼ޡջ
իҶԴְͽΪ˿ô

ڡ䡷β߳ʱׯһӶԿӣ
֮õռ塪͵̤ʵ֪ȻѰߣ
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ν³ǣܣֻ֮ׯڡ
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ҵϰߣһδӺǰȶܽԵĸۣׯӵġ
硱֮ʰΪ̵Ծ

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ږ֧޴˵鹫鹫֮ȫˣͷ硣Ͱ˵뻸
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ϰ˿ף޲ͨ޲ԳԶɽׯԣʵ
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׳߳ƽǿ鼡Ҫģйд书ǿǽӹ
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󣬱󣿲ֻ֪ܽС󡱡󡱡󡱣
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ׯӵϵУˣΪȻʧȥ˵Բׯ
ΪͨӵĶԻ޷ǻδô͵ȣ
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ƱͣΪЦǣӴׯӵĴһƣµׯӴ
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ׯųռȻ֮ѧǺ߼Ȼ⵶ׯӷѣ
˹˷ǲľ飿ĳжѼ
ׯӿԷϵģΪ˴ǳѧʶׯֻӲ
ȻԻһȻ˶飬ν֮ˣ򵥵ڵʣ
ׯϣʵȤׯأǰ˵ˣ˵
ֶ̣ŹʩĵĽȻЩׯӵϱס
˵˾ͳӣԻ֮ò֮Σòν֮
ˣ

ڵСѲűȣ泬ˣʹԶڹŴɵˣҲ
ΪΣòѵС桰ˡôǿǲС飬
ͲܳΪˣ벻ˣԻ˵ν֮ˣ飿
ָׯֻܼȱµĽƱ֮ͽռ˵XX
˵XX˵XXδض

Ǻׯӻش˵ǷνҲνߣ֮Ժö
ȻҲׯƱ˵ν飬ֻǲֵ
飬ԺöȻҲ۵ĹУׯʧ
󲿷أòԼĹ۵㡣ǿɲߣܹһң
Ȼǳصģٷһ

ׯ֮Ȼ֮Ȼ֮Ҫķ֮Ȼ֮
û˸ɶѹ֮ȻԺöǹ
ȻǻöȻȻ֮
ȻҪ飬Իֱͺưɣ㲻ôڻû
ѽ˵⻹ׯαȥȻἼڴˣ
ӵļǣǾԿӳǵģׯ޵Ͳˡ

ԵҷŭׯֻܰѾƨظһƬȻ˫죬һ
񼦲뷲Ѽ̬Ի֮ò֮ΣԺö
֮ͺ֮ѡ֮ΣԼ
սҲҳƱôЦˡǶѽѡ֮ΣԼ
Ҳ²ֱصĻӦλػ

ǵõƤĺӶʳĸƢõľˣСɶҲԣ
Ӷ٣ҶҪϼڣ

ׯȥβĻԻģѡ֮ΣԼʳ
˴˴ȴҲŭ

֮Ρ֮飬װѵ˵ôѵΪдô
һҪŪʵĺϷŪˡ

(XYS20080211)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ƶȽǱ

Tiger Chong

µгǵ¡ûΣᵽһ֤
ǡŵƶȽ˾ҶԴ˺ܸ
ȤԽʮ÷ƶȽѧ˸ͳƣֺ
ΪʱλðźΪѧԭȳɳĹң

2006
Andrei Okounkov (Princeton University): Russia
Terence Tao (University of California, Los Angeles): Australia
2002
Vladimir Voevodsky (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton): 
Russia
1998
Maxim Kontsevich (Rutgers University): Russia
Curtis T. McMullen (Harvard University): U. S. A.
1994
Jean Bourgain (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton): Belgium  
Efim Zelmanov (University of Wisconsin): Russia
1990
Vaughan Jones (University of California, Berkeley): New Zealand
Edward Witten (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton): U. S. A.
1986
Gerd Faltings (Princeton University): Germany
Michael Freedman (University of California, San Diego): U. S. A.
1982
William P. Thurston (Princeton University): U. S. A.
Shing-Tung Yau (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton): China
1978
Charles Louis Fefferman (Princeton University): U. S. A.
Daniel G. Quillen (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): U. S. A.

ʮλѧңгֻλռ40%㡰
ɡ

⣬ֵעһǣֻͳƽʮ꣬򹲾λѧУ
ֻλռ22%Ҳ֪㲻ΣҲ
ܺӰɡ

(XYS20080211)

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