                         ˿µϣ20080330գ

08.03.29ûи
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ٴǰʹ֮ǰĿѧоͶʵ̺ԽڶԹ
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Щгҩĳɷֲ㣬ҲΪͪ紨ǽ
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2.Components of musk.  I.  Ether soluble components.  
   Do, Jae Chul; Kitatsuji, Eitaro; Yoshii, Eiichi.   
Fac. Pharm. Sci.,  Toyama Univ.,  Toyama,  Japan.   
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin  (1975),  23(3),
629-35

3.ãФڵȪ.ȻԭHPLC
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⼸Ͽ˹ȻѧĸдԵ
CommentĹ۵֮һ㲻ͬˡЩ˵Ĺ۵㷢һЩ˿


1ȻѧĿҪʱ͹ȥúĶһ¡ҵ
һЩȻѧĿʱ𣬲һʱ꼸ݣ
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2ȻѧԱעڵְƺְλҪҪ
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˽ԼһĳɹȡóɹʱҲʵظУû
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3ȻѧĿһҪעоԱʵʵĿ
˵ұȽ޳CommentĹ۵㡣ȻҲ˲ͬComment
۵㣬ΪҪ¹ҲͬҪ˵ǣ˼·
䱾ûʲôõ£ǲŵģҺԼ
ĿʱһٺúĶһеݺͼ·ߡ

4ȻѧĿоӦעص㣬Ҫע档ע棬ݾ
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ѧƵķչţٶɲǼ򵥵Ĺʽ벻ţ뵽ˣ
ȻѧϿɾͷˣдϼ䡣ȻΧһ㿪չ
ʮַḻһӦÿչʲôľ幤Ѿ
ˡ

5ȻѧĿ˻ȡȡõĳɹΪǹ
ȻѧĿͲӦúֿƼϹƶ
10Ѻ105ڲ걨Ȼѧ

6ԹȻѧίĹҲҪһı׼
ҪһıȻѧĿ˱ʲôɹ
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飺

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ҵˡСɣ̽Ŀѧжϵ

2   ǳֱ֧Ľ飬ҪרҸԸĺ
ݣҪ400֣ҪԽ̽壬
˽˼·õķֶΡ

3   Ӧǿ˵ĴͶǡءר
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4   Ϊ֯רҵĹ硣
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Ϊ֤ĿĶеĴ硣

5   ָҪйɡԵĿ⣨ٿ⣩ݡȣ
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ϣ֦Ҷ

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̸ȻѧĿ



ڿidea

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ResearcherԴ֮ԶɱĵµĴӵи߲Ŀĺ
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˵⣬Ӧ跨ˮƽģȥ
ӭֻܵܿ˵µĵµ

ڴѧУСѧУ

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ҵŮ԰־طϵ֮17

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A young person, to achieve, must first get out of his mind any 
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There are two kinds of men who never amount to much: those who 
cannot do what they are told and those who can do nothing else.        
   Cyrus H. Curtis

ʲôֵһǲˣڶֻ
ˡ˹µ˹1850.6.181933.6.17

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Brooklyn Magazineı༭1889Ƶ˹ƸŮ԰־
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ʱǵʱƵıҵϼӣ˾ӦǺܳɹģ
Ϊø壨ֽԱ˳ΪŮ԰־󲻾ã
ù˾ȫȨˡ

Ƶ˹벨ƵʹǳΪһԻƽƵ
˹ҵģʽ־༭빦ܸҵͻ־
ƷζŬĿȺʱв׼Ůƹ棬
ٽͬƷľΪƷṩſĽӽȺϢƽ̨Ѱ
дͲʶƵ˹벨˵ҵʵйڵ
߹˾ҵԲԵĹ档Ψһ
ǣЩʵºܽᡢѰƵ˹벨˵ҧͦ
¡Ƿͦùļ¡

ڳɹҵܻٶڵսȷܻжڵ
ôۣųΪͣطһ޳ɣǿܻӭͷսǿҲ
ʧܣΪʧܵǿߣǿӵгɹϣǵĳɹƶķ
չܻΪĳɹǿųҲռǿ߻췢
չı䣬һĽһɶԹڮ
ˣǴκϰ˺£ޱߵı
Թ˵ᶼһطչ

Ƶ˹ֵʶ˹Ů԰־ڲ˽ֺͨԶ
ҵýĹԤչ1891ڣ־;20
Ƶ˹ӡˢò1903־
100ݣȫȫۣԸ־۸ϵ˶Ρ
־ȫ緢100ݵý塣ݲ˵ԴרŮ
ýıҪŮȨķչڶʮͿʼˣڲ
£־Ȼ˵ڣ־
250ݡ־ʾ2006סŮ԰־400ݡ

Ů԰־һ༭ߡƷͨ־
ߴϢ߼ʱͨͨŷر༭˸һ
ңСĵоŮ٣߽ٵ⣬ͬķȺһ
Ϊṩ𰸡ڶýԹĿһǣ
ذѹ濴־ıҪɷݣߴĲƷϢ
ôһмֵķ෴ѹ浱ýһ
Ϊʵʱý嶼ˣԼ
ֻṩ˰ΪڡһλŮ԰־Ķ򲨿˱ԹƷδ
ʱƷ̵õĲǾܾؽľ棬־ȡ
вĲƷ̲òˡǰᵽЩý
Ӧ

Ů԰־άӴķţǶԶŽлظ飬
͸¶ķŵ˽ֱӵذӦⳡ
ĵɱƣ˸־Աϵĳɾ͸У
ֱӵذ־òϣĲϲ¶Ȼֲܷİ
ȻҲδض־ķдӰ졣һ־Ȼ
ӮöߺޱΣǡŮ԰־ʹ
ƶᷢչ

ͬýԼķԼĶȺвʵ
Ӯù棬Ƶ˹չһ׾ƵϵԱ㾫ȷؼȺ
ԸˣһҪҵ30꣬ҵҪ1914
֣֯Audit Bureau of CirculationABCʵ־༭Ƕ
ȺʼձоΪ־һ˽Լķһ
õ񡣳֮Ժ㣬Ƶ˹ҵڽõѡ
ʱ˿ܼԼĹ۵㣬ѡأҲѡ
ˣƵ˹ûôѡأ˽ֺġŮ԰־
ڼŽ׶һֱǸծӪƵ˹ܶʱΪԱĹʷƵ˹
ĲԱͶȰƵ˹ƳִӦԶɹΣ
˹ġһн壬Ƶ˹벨˳æز鿴ҵͨţϣ
лù֧ԱĹʣƵ˹һŷгһ18000Ԫ
֧Ʊһ󣬿Ƶ˹Ͻ֧Ʊŷ⣬Ϊ־
ֹطҩƷ棬Ƶ˹ȻûйǷ񹤹ʵϰߣ
ծ֧ԱĹʡ

ƷζҵġŮ԰־طҵעҪܵģ˼
־ֵͨȷطΣ֮ͥһ
1892־ʽκط棬ͨۼʽ³
طҵ˹ͨչʾطеľɷ¶ط
ƭЧԡ

1905겨˶طҵ˴ģĽ¶һƪۡΪطҩƷ
Σաţ1.ҽضΪҽѧ¶ЧƷ2.
ط֮ҪؾΪȱЧɷݣ3. طʹͨżϲ
Բɿģ4.ط̻ǿҷ淶طгҶԳ
طзᷢ溬пɿ򡢾ƾᡢѡȡȷµ
кʣЩɷݶС䲻һºһŵġط¡
¶طҵͨ洴Լطҵλȡ֤ԣͨ
10Ԫֳ25Ԫг50Ԫ

19059²˷ˡƬƪʾһ
ԱĹ棬Ա߰ŸԱʽ˵ùǡԵ
Ʒʾƽ˺ط棬ùƽ˺˾Լ
ĽͨѯԱ߲˰22ǰѾƽ˺˵Ĺ
Ƭ

ڳ¶빥зǰLiquozoneطһ˸ҽѧ
ҩѧȨо˶ʮ߸طݣоٵLiquozoneĳɷӦ
ڵ䷽еѾ˼仯ҵԭʼ䷽
˰⳥16000Ԫԭ20ԪǲúԶ
ƸMark SullivanЭ飬һϵеķչյǵ˹ġ
թ漰PFDAȷ

19062²һ鰸ҪĶ߲û޸ĸ鰸
ʼĸǵĹʹȡж˵־ٴм
ΪЧЧӿ˵1900ڹȵˮԴ
ǼٲжΣգ˰ݼ˹ͳȡж
ͳҪ֤бþԸ漴жشĶд
ŸͳôܶͳܶѸյǧĿţ漴
ˮԴĹȿ˵ŬҲӦPFDAڹ
ԺƱͨĹؼ֮һ

PFDAͨ󲨿Ȼ¶빥طҵ19071һ
Щڽֽ̻̽طܵЩĿ飬
漴¶Щֽطݣ2Wileyҽ
ͷʹط3ǶԸطľƾĶ4
ȱֿӤ׶طͨоʮ2Ӥ
طİ1913طҵǡȫ޳ܵҵ
1915һλҽ̽αװɲ˽Ӵ˴ҽթ߲Ǽ
ع⡣

Ů԰־ȫϵͳ¶طҵý壬
عȡε̬ȵý壬ȫֹطý壬Ա
ý˵ͬҵǸԼȥŮ԰־ȫ
һ˫Ӯ֣Ϊ״̬һȻҵ
չõ˿ۼ۵ķʽȥҲܹ
ԲƷȡϸߵĹã20ͳѾӰϼΪ
ý֮һˡ

Ů԰־ܹߵṩ񣬵һԸ
ԭӭ׵ý壬ڲ˵£ضĶʩ
Ӱ졣¶طҵԺ󣬲˵ʾӦעԲԸŮ
Ӱ죬ȻһͳصᣬӦ˵Ǳʶʶ
עԸ־ĲӰ죬һȾܾһŮ
⣬ڶĶߵĹģûзоȷ
־ľ֮䣬Ƶ˹ԥѡǰߣͨ־
ŮԲԵĽǧĶ߿˶־Ҫ
δʹƵ˹벨˿ĳɣʹǵĶ߽ʵ֪ʶ
ǵļֳɹˣ־ķ

Ĺʱᵽᾭ÷չ׹ٽᷢչĲ
һʵע⡣˶ÿ
ԶһһҽõġרΪĸ
ṩӤ顢ˮ빫˶ʹֹͨף
ֹ̻ȣЩٴ붼ζŴĽջ

20ڣõѸҲ¸Ůλߣ
Ů壬ڵĴΪŻ
ѧϣٴδĶߵۣѧϼ
ǳΪŮӦע빫񣬰ǰŮ
ڵһЩйҽǸȣٴܵըʽ
ҪٳԱơŮ԰־˺Э÷¢벻
˷࿹ĸŮһʵѵǲ÷
вϣԸøŮ峷ؿǸա˴˺궼Ů
ԭ£ȡõĽϴӲŮŻ
ϲĽŮŵĻӿ̸ת˾ἰ
ϡ˵Ȥ˵ĺγھ뺦¶ģؼ
ǵҪģǴ̽ȥӭȥδôҪ

Ƶ˹ˡŮ԰־һĻŷ޵
ʱŷȣڵйƵġŮ
ݰʱװʹ־ϳعʱװҵĻ
ز̱꣬ġߵȡʱװǰƲ۵µȻʱװ
ר조衱ʱװȵȣ֯ʱװʦר
Ʒζʱװƹ㣬һŬͽͣŷ޵ԥѹ
ŶǡԸŮǿӰĲա
ʱװ˶лķóάԼ˵Ȼ
ܵ

Ƶ˹ڡŮ԰־ϵĳɹƵˡThe Saturday 
Evening PostһҵϢΪҪݵ־
˶жעʧܵ־չΪӰҵ־֮һҲ
һˣ༭George Horace Lorimer־Ϊ
1728괴죬ʷԨԴǿƵ˹Ҫԭ
Lorimerڣ־300ݣ1897Ƶ˹1000Ԫļ۸
´־1927־Ĺʹﵽ5ǧԪ־ֹ1969꣬
ڿƵ˹36Ժ

1911Ƶ˹ũҵġThe Country Gentleman£6
ʱŤΪӯ֮ΪҵӰ־
ݡ1913Ƶ˹ձҵˡѳǹ桷The Philadelphia 
Public LedgerҪΪѳǴһӰıֽñ
棬ɹ˸ձƵ˹¡һϵеչ
Ƶ˹20ͳýҵıֽϢռϵͳظ
ȫйʱμͨ͢Աڵʱ
Ϊϰټұֽ塣ִϢԴ˺ýҵżԶ
Ӱ죬ھԭӰƵý塣

Ů԰־䴴ʼ߿Ƶ˹벨˸һ飬ǻ
µ飬Ǹһ򵥵¾Ǿԭмֵ
ģԴ׸йҽǡ

ͼ͹ͣ

ͼһ18863ڵ4ݡŮ԰־Ƶ˹ˣ

ͼ18896ڵ11ݡŮ԰־Ƶ˹ˣ

ͼ18907ڵ2ݡŮ԰־˵ĵһݣ

ͼ190612¡Ů԰־

ͼġ˹*µ˹ĳ

ͼ塢6˹*µ˹

ͼ˹*µ˹

ͼߡ꡷һ2

ͼˡƵ˹Louisa Knapp

ͼšƵ˹湫˾

ͼʮThe Saturday Evening Post־

ͼʮһThe Country Gentleman־

ͼʮƵ˹ġѳǹ桷¥ռѳǵһ

ͼʮ»*˵ĳ

ͼʮġ6İ»*

ͼʮ塢»*

ͼʮŷдСԸܵ·д

ͼʮߡನ˵ķѳǰ칫

ʮˡ1900귢ڡŮ԰־ϵİԤ

(XYS20080330)

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йҽƷõ׹󲻹



Щӹ㶫ĳһֳ""שͷ
Ǹпǣȶ˼?߱ȫĺӲ
ˮһ˵˿ܻ˰˵ǮԺ
Ͳô׵ˡתһ룬йڲҪҽƸĸ𣬸ĸ
ķ䣬̶ܴ˼ĸı䡣Ҳ˵Ƿȷһ
˵滰³ɼйĸ֮ѡԺ˵ҽ߹ʣ
˵ƾʲô....ҽиҵһŻɫ룬
̫ƽ

Ҹо˵ĺģһ仰Ǿһ⡣˵
ҽƷˣйҽƹûÿ˵й˵ҽƷѵռ
ͥĶ٣жҽƷѱţνϸɵȼռУ˵
65%--80%ƽ̯ϰϣũûͺȼԪ裬Ҳû
м޳ǧġй˾Ϊ˼ǧĿǮҵ
𣿻˵ռ̫ࣿҽҲһѣǵѹ۾ûһ
Ҫıģ

˵󣬿˵Ļὲҽҩҿһ⡣Ҳ˵
ֻ̫˵ٵҲǹģȺ˵ж٣˵ҽҩ󣬿
˵һ̼ʮԪһϰԪȵҲ....Щǹ
ͬɵ

Ϊһҽѵľ˵˵ܿʲô
ʮǰշڸ˷ӣýʯ㸴ˣһػ
ˮȻˮʱϲżԪǮѡòζˣ
ΪʡǮԼҽԺBXƬӰECGΪԺ΢
ϵļͬѧһ·̵ƣһдӼ򣬹סԺڶ
ͻ˼ңɻʿŴˮߡԭһ9000ԪҽƷѣ
Ӳ 6400Ԫ㶨ǮǽģǷͬѧ飬ȵ渶Ǯº
ҽ2600ԪǮʣʸϽծ 
45%.ûȥҹϵ˵һҿɱ65%쵼ɱ95%Ҹ̾ҽƷ
ҽҲ𲡣˭أνҽˣͶ
4000Ԫű2600Ԫ˵ʵڵԭûҲͰˣô˵Ϊף
ڲСĳ""ҪΪ""ס

ᵽûǮҲ⼸ѵѣֻ
Լ5800Ԫ˵ʵܲʲôֻҲûɶúðÿ80ԪҲ
,65000ɻûӹҲûĵ绰ﻹ
绰)ӻ2700ã4ͱϡ4000һ׾ûզùҳ
νִǲǱʱǮҪ6һֱû
ֻ

֪˿˵е飬˭أ㲻кؿ㲻ڿ
𲡵ȺǺҲ˵˵ˡ

Ҿڵũ˼ңƾɵķӣǷծӲ̫
򹤣ÿһǧ㣬һŮУӦò
ȥҰҾ趯ӲֻмԪǮûǮҽҩҲ
¡Ҿ֪ǼֻûʱϲơҾ˵һ
ҪһǧԪ˵𣬵Ҳ֪̣˵
ǵ㰮ãҪɶ˼ڹ㶫˭뷢ƣ˻ʱʱ
ٿһũ˼ңڳԴǲˣ˵ûǮɣҪ
Ǯûʲôɵӻ29粻㣬34ˣҲø6-7-10꣬ᣬ
¯翾ú....õãеһ굽ͷҲò˼أû¾
ֻϵĦгȥƣˣ¯𣬽˻Ҫ̨ѣ
Ӯһ顣ɥѶһ򣬲ϧǷծСɼ˿
ûǮرˣڼţ˲ŵҽԺ˻Ǯᡣ
ѽũûͺȼԪ裬Ҳûм޳ǧġǾ
ĿļǧǮûйвҲǺ
ǿǵģͻȻûԤͬʱҲϰߣǾһ
⣬ҲԸǮҽƱռֱܣοйı˺
ģԱȥ30%ĻؿۣʱүүһҪǮ
ÿ˵ɫˣûرѵĶ

˵뵽һȤ󣬹꿪ʼũҽƣ
СҽԺ˽֮ǰ˥϶ļһСִ
˽,⣬һҪԭǳŹ30--40%ʵ۳ҽƷ
ļǣʵҲ10---20%ܷüòࣩоû
ѵǮҪڲҲʼʶƵҪˡй
ƣѲǮ˷ѵһ̫ѧʡֻǿûǮ
ı˹ʶǸıǮһҪ
ɲݣҲ󲻹һ硣Ȼҽȫ綼Ǹ⣬
ⷢɧĳҵûõġ

(XYS20080330)

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Ĺ

ߣҴ

˿ϾͲҽĵλ˵ۣǡãҶԲĹ
˽⣬ҽһ¡

ߴ̵õ֯͵ƣҪĵһȡġ׶
˸ͷС⣬ļһ࣬塢ȡĵʲôģ
ƵҽϷ⡣֯ºгС飬ţˮ

ˮĿȥ֯еˮֲ׹̻ǽ֯ν
֡ŨȽߵľƾױʯС̺ܳʮСʱ
ԭǸĹĻˮˣͷǳˣͷѱú
֯ˮһңõҺװˮĸ
ýˡ

Ĺ̾ǰ񡣲֯ˣСûƬ뽫
֯װʯźƬСҽԺǰʯջװ֯С
浹һЩľ----Ļ࣬
һѹˡ

õ֯䶳һ£ͿƬˣг4΢׺ıƬѰ֯
ʯװƬϣװһԵƬתҡһһ¡
ƬƬٻһгˡеõĲһ
ƬĥǸ鷳飬ĥãгƬѣͻӰ
ϣгҲԶƬгġٻ
ǲֹеģҽƫֹƬ

ëʰġٻռһ𣬽һ̿˵һʵ
ڰƬͿƬһˣԲҲͺϲˡ
Ǹˮӣ¶Ⱥ㶨ëһƬٻˮ
֯ʯƬͻչƮˮϣøزƬһ̡
ƬƽزƬˡȻزƬˮԱߵһ鱻
ȵϡɡ

ĹȾɫ̿˵زƬŵȾɫ棬֯Ⱦ
ɫõȾɫľء֯ƽƬƱˡ

ȡ֯żҪ֪Աһ̣
ķȻˡʱñƬ֯ڱƬ漱
20£г6΢׺ıƬȻȾɫƳƽƬϸ
Ƭ̺Ĺ̲ϴеҽԺҲĿڲƣҾ
׸ˡ

ΪֹеĹûʲô̫ߵļСҽԺĲ
12ˣЩȫе㷱ҲǺæҽԺĲ˾ͱȽ
ˣֹȷЩɼʦɣҲɡеҽԺһЩ
ܴٴĻʿǶǵչˡ򵥵ѵʤΣ
ҲۣȲҲֵҹǮҲ٣Ҫõĸλ
취ء

棬ҽ͵ǳˡƽƬ΢¿ۣȻд
档ѧǻ̬ѧϣ۵ĳɷֱȽϴ󣬷ȽϴƬ
˭˭˵㣬ר滹Ҫռܴıصġ

ҳϲϱȽҪҽĹҲȽҪҪ˵Ѳҽ
ΪҽҽҽߵĴǾЩˡҲ˵
ҽԸ⣬ȼƵ˾͵ûˣѪҺͿƬһԺ㲡
ϵļ൱Ҫ˵ߺ΢ˡĲҲ
ԼĽǶ˵Լһ޶޿Ҫԣһѣǻ
ˣ

ִҽԺǸѧЭͬĴսеƶǲ˿
ɻȱһĳһĿҽԺеĵλˮƽ似
̶ȡճ̶ȡ׳̶ȡҳ̶ȵȶģ
ӴĵĽҵԱƽ͵ؽҪ죬
û˼ΪĳһĿҪԵ˵ЩĲ˹Ķ
ȺڶȺӰ찲ŽĴþ棬ûʲôá

(XYS20080330)

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ҽ׼Ʒ𣿡ԡҲ̸йҽľý͡ȶ

ߣСҽ

ѡͷ硱ڡҲ̸йҽľý͡ҽ
׼Ʒ˽ֻᵼ¼۸󡣾ҵ˽⣬ھѧϣ㶼
ġ

1.ҽƷ׼Ʒ

ھѧʷϣޡѶɭǹƷ۵ĵˡͨеĽ̲ġ
ѧѶɭ棩жԹƷpublic goodsҲƷȣĶ
ǣƷһǲԣnonexcludabilityһϵ
Ǿԣnonrivalrous consumption˽Ʒȫ෴ָ
ֹ߶ԹƷѣ·ΰϵķǾָһ
˶ԹƷѲӰ˴ӶԹƷлõЧã
빫ƷصһǡⲿԡѶɭŵº˹Դ˵Ķ
ǣⲿָЩѶǿ˲ɲĳɱ
貹ΡЧӦһⲿԵӡ

Ѷɭ֮ѧҶԹƷⲿ۽˷չ֮
һ׼Ʒ׼ƷڹƷ˽Ʒ֮䣬ڡԡ
Ǿԡнһ

嵽ҽϣҵ˽һΪȺġǹƷ
׼ƷԸ˵ٴҽƷ˽ƷĹԤ
ά񽡿紫ȾΡٴϣҽԲ˵ƾԺ
ԣҪѲܵõҳܷΧӵɱͬʱҽ
ϵͳݣġԤȵȣĴ
ۣҽϵͳǷ񹫹ƷǺ˵ġʹҽԺҲ
ͬһŶۣй˽ӪʹǹҽԺṩķҲ
ҽƷҽѧݷҲ㹫Ʒ׼Ʒ

ѧϵۣͨᵽҽƷⲿԣԼӸĽǶҽ
ƱϣϣЩǶ֤ӦṩҽƱϡ

2.׼ƷǷ˽ṩ

⣬׼ƷǷ˽ṩԸķġ˹Ϊ
һѧһۻӾĽǶ֤˽ṩ׼ƷĿԣⷽ
оĶࡣƷ˽˹ṹشӰ죬
תΪٽƷƷʵĸƺ͹ƽ䡣ȤĿȥйо£
׸ڶϤľѧ峣СЩҲ

3.ҽƷеϢԳ

һ⣬мᵽҽƷеϢԳ⣬ߵѡ
ԼģҽԺҽĴ޷ƽסͬ
άޡҵά޵ȵȣԼ
ҵ磬Ҳܾҵƴִһ߶ȷ
ᣬּרһԾڸͬⲻ˿

(XYS20080330)

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йءѧ¡һʵ鼰һ

ߣСҽ

ѴӾѧǶҽϵ⣬ѰҲдһƪǾ
õĸҽֵ̽͡¡ ΪԼ⡣ĵĿǡ
Ǿõĸ˵ǡǾѧĸá롰ѧ
壻ѰжԱĽ۲ûнֻ֤˵һ
ѧ⡱ƺ˵µγԴԾѧ漤ˣ֮
˵ѧǵµĻǡǾãѧĻ
ڻҵԱͨ߼Ļҡ

ѰĵĸȻۺ죬²򵥽
һڡѧ¡ʵ鼰һۣԷԸȤĶ߽
һĶ

ڡѧۡPuzzles and Paradoxed in Economics
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ڱ˵ƪýͻͷѰ

 2008/3/29

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ھýжϲԼԻɣģɡԾ鶨Ϊ
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ڡ͡Ĺڵµġ÷ƪϵ޷һϸ
ۣӵµĽǶȼΪ⣬ôӾѧǶ˵Ҳһɣϵ
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Mdoctorڴѧƹеɴ

ͷ

Mdoctor廪Эִ֣֮ͣηһйشѧƹʳ
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1.ҽѧԺʦѧԺϲΪݴѧҽʵǿʦԺ


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ʵǣݴѧϲҽѧԺݴѧԭʦѧԺ1982
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ԷϲԼ˿ɴȡĴ󡱡Ҿá
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5. 1998ĸҽѧԺУϤתطԺУ
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2000ǰѧϲ˳УԺУйЭҽƴѧ⣬һ
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廪Эִ֣֮ͣηеļ

mdoctor

ѾҵĲָ廪Эִ֣֮ͣηһ
дһЩ磺

ҽѧԺʦѧԺϲΪݴѧ......

صز֤մʷմǰΪѧ1952Ժϵ
ѧѧԺѧϵ͵ƽʦѧԺ195212¸ʦѧԺ
1982꣬ʦѧԺٸΪݴѧ2000꣬ҽմ

⣬人ѧ뻪ͬڳĶϣͬҽڳ
԰ĺˣ˵

ų԰ĳԵͬõġ......

ӦΪ

ų԰Եͬ......

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ˣЩطлڱҲֻǡ̸ʣûȥһ֤
Ҷᱦ

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