                          ˿µϣ20080915գ

08.09.14ûи
08.09.15, ӡѧʷ׵Ƿƭ
08.09.15, ˼¡¹һս
08.09.15, Metooй¹ò˵Ĺ¡
08.09.15, foxlsy谷²ԭ
08.09.15,   Ϊʲô¹̷к谷
08.09.15, δ˭˭̸̷¼⡷
08.09.15, ֵͷ㶫ʡ²¹¼ӳϮ
08.09.15, ˼޴ڡ
08.09.15, asasasaCCTVν¹1100ÿ棬ˣ
08.09.15, cpڲסttrendrиС
08.09.15, йţߡţ1Lװţ̵ɡ
08.09.15, ·͸磺ʹйٻ¹̷
08.09.15, ꡶¹̷һֽЭ齫Ͷ߹˿ͷڡ
08.09.15, ѰάҵÿһҽӦ
08.09.15, ̷̸̸ҿƻߵǩ
08.09.15, bangbu1996רҵƣһ⡷
08.09.15, NeurogliaѰĺȫ޼ޡ
08.09.15, Сľҵ֪Ȩ
08.09.15, ɡҽìܵļ뷨
08.09.15, ˿20089º
ʫ桶ʫ
ţ𨡷١ֽ˼䡷Զһֱ
˿¶ΪֱŷСķӡ
Ǭ԰衷С÷
ͬ͡㩡ө桷

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

                    ѧʷ׵Ƿƭ

                           ӡ

    ء׵£1901-1978ȥʱ
ѧңҲӰĹ֪ʶ֮һһΪе
ԣԶҪһС˼롢εĹܹı硣Ȼ
ΪһĹ񡣵ѧ۵⵽
ɣܵ𺦡ĳͱ飬ѧʱ
һѧ

    ׵1923ѧѧʿѧλ󣬵ŦԼױǴѧʿ
ѧλʦִѧ֮һʴġ˹1858C1942ʱ
ŴѧոŴ۷ǳУΪҪŴ
ġͨǿƾġѧ˶ȵҲӦ
ؿչ˹Դ˷ǳУӵϷԡѧ˶
ҴѧϷŴۡΪҪǺɻ
ģĻۡ׵ȥо⣬֤е
ഺڵıֲǶһģΪĻṩ֤ݡ

    ׵Ϊ1925ǰĦȺҰ飬ס˼
£ɷ68ḾŮĦеʹǵ
˳شɵ꣬ഺڽǺͷ
ѡͱپഺڵΪԣĻҪŴ
ظΪҪ׵¾ݴдɡĦ˵ĳ꡷һ飬1928棬
һٳĦ˵ĳ꡷˳飬20еѧ
һٱѡ20100Ҫ鼮ԺŮȨ˶Խ
˶ԶӰ졣

    ׵1929òʿѧλֵԭʼп죬о
ͯɳԽɫ⡣40ಿͼǧƪ£ʮ
Ӱݺԡϵȶ档
28ʿѧλȻʷѧݹݳѡ
ѧٽᡢѧϻȶרҵѧĻ᳤

    ׵³ߵѧλ󱻶ҡˡ1983꣬׵ȥ5󣬰
ǹѧѧڵˡ1916-2001桶
ء׵Ħǣһѧ񻰵һ飬񶨡Ħ
˵ĳ꡷Ҫ֡ⱾݵǸĦĳ
4ҰԼܹ׵²ɷõĦǸŮ²ɷá
ΪĦ˵׵˵ôš׵¹ţ
Ѳɷö󽲵Цʵӭ䵼ʦ˹Ļ۹
㣬ֱ׵µ׷ߺɵؽܡڸĻ
۾ʧʵĻϵġ1999꣬桶ء
׵µƭһ飬һ׵±ɷöƭˡɷ
׵µĲɷö֮һð80ķðƣ
ѷðյĹ׽Ū׵£ʵĦ
ǺܱصģðʱǸŮ

    ָýܴȤܱĲɷã
μӵӷ̸Ĵ˵˹õ˺ܴ֧֡
ѧķӦȻͬ1983꣬ء׵Ħǡ
һ󲻾ãѧϻἴͨ飬Ϊ顰дú⡢
ѧκ󵼡˺ѧҶ
ѧԵúܹⲢδҡģѧ
ʶ̬Ĵѹء׵Ħǡ1996ٰʱ
ء׵ˡɴȺԾӲȡýͬ顣

    һЩΪȵ׵ٷʹ׵
޷Ӧܲص̫ƽʵ
1971ܾ1978꣬
ĸ׵£ʱ׵ٰûиӦºȥˡ

    ԵǸݡΪ׵µĵ
ԼĦĵ顣Ǹ׵µ15ŵִ
Ħǵģ19401943ʱڴʿӰ£ĦǵĻѷ
ܴı仯Ħ˸Ẓ̇뵱ʱͬ
¹ۡңĵ׵µĲͬǸ
ʱȴûпڵʱĲͬܲĲ졣⣬
Ҳûп׵ΪɷߵĲ죺ΪһˣḾŮ
δԸ̹ʵԼԾС׵׻
ͬĦǸŮΡʹǸԼĵҲڵʱĦ
Է൱ţ2015Ħˡ3016Ħ
4017ĦйǰΪ

    Ϊд׵µ׵µĲɷö²ɷʱ
ЩɷöѴʮŮߡʮ̫̫˻ͽ
һŻ̵Ħ˲̫ܻԼʱķŵΪ
֤˷ðǸ߼ŮӶŻ̵Ħ˵
׼סࡣȻķðƭ
£Ҳпķðƭ˸

    ѶȫΪ׵µĳߵķʵΪ׵
绤ѧң׵²õĵ鷽͵óĽ۶΢ʡ׵
Ħ˵ĳ꡷һΪһͨдͲѧ
ôϽΪĻѧĿоڿҲ
಻㡣ǰЩ򵥵عΪƭδƣȻô
ýڸ׵µĹͬһ꣬ѧ
¡ŵ桶׵µĦ˵ĳ꣺һͬ۵㡷ͬ
׵¶Ħǵо̫ѧʵ̫ºͣûý
κιע
    
2008.9.10

ù۲챨2008.9.15

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

¹һս

ߣ˼

̨ΪйӤ׶̷۱ҵ¹ΪĲɥĲ
߳۲˻谷̷ۣ912Ѿȫ 
13ʡУϡɽաաࡢġ
ϡϺ㶫432Ӥ׶ʯһѾ
ܺ׶δ֡¹ŵ˷ָΪ¶֮Ϊ
࣬ν㾡ءѾĻ߾ȫʹøܺ

911磬¹Ķбع֮ǼϣӶǹ
ֺͺרڴýϡҥǣĳվѸٳӣ
봨¹1600Ĵ˾ͦĴͬ
ΪԼıоΨһǣ¹1600
Լ̷۵г۸񣬶Щ̷֮ǰͬ
ƷѾӤʯܵߵĿߣ¹Ȼԥ
ŹڰЩ̷ӮôƼҵڴͬʱ¹
ӶĳʼΪƷνȨ˸мʮ
¹̷۶ʯӤ׶ȻȻؼ壬ǻ
ļ¹̷ϸġ¹۲ӻ谷
ʵѾѸٴȫѹڽֹʳ¹̷֮¹Ųò
ڳԼľ1100⹤ĲƷȷʵ谷ǲ
ԼӵģǲΪĲӽȥģǱƭˡȻĵ
˵ùڻɵǣΪʲô¹ûڽǧ⹤зִԴͷ
ѾƷأ¹ǲʱȨΪԼأ
ŽֻиΪˡ桱¹ġҵ
ʿŻԼԼĺӷ¹̷ˡΪǿ֧
¹Ӥ׶ʳûϾѹǷĴ

Ȼ֪ЩʱйѾõ˼ͣû
͵̶ȡй̨ΪйӤ
׶̷۱ҵ¹ΪʲôȻҷɥ˷ָ׼
أҵԻùʼְܾ䷢ġ족Կ
Ϊʲô˵޿֣ǸȨʼΪҲ
Щߡѹִһ¶ӱʡʡû¹ŵ
ɷݣûнûԱ¹ְ¹ŵ쵼
֮ûйϵҲû˽¹ΰԼִӸ
۰漰̷̵ĺȥģ

¹91111ж̷۲ӻϰٰ17
Щ̷ԼĲƷϳԼĲƷȷʵ谷ԼԺ
Լ¶ġ81ѾԼĲƷкӤʯĻ
ϡǿԿ¹βǲִټģǾ˳ʱ
Ĳ߻ġ֮󣬸ϣ¹ƻ300ͨٶԶ
Ϲ䶾̷۵Ϣзٶȸ֤ȷд£¹
ҪѾٶȾܾ¹һʲôʱţȻͼ
ͨﵽֹع⣿ٶȶԶ̷¼ķӦͬ
ֵܾķӦ󡣾ݼ͸¶6·ݵʱѾڹʼֵܾ
վԽ¶¹̷۵Ӥʯǹʼֲܾ֪ιʶԴ
ţûжԹκξѣʹôʱдӤܺ˼
¹̷ȫע֮󣬹ʼֵܾվ6·ݵ
ͼΣҶ99ղ˽ⷢ顣

ǰ¹ȫ˴̨Ĵƾٹ
û200611·ݣ¹һǧӳ2200ҽӵĹб֮
Ӷ࿴Ͷұ200792̨Ƶÿ
桷رĿ1100صı󡷡ֲĿͷ
̨¹Ӥ׶̷۵̽꾡飬չʾ
Ӥ׶̷۱ҵ¹ŹӲĲƷͿѧϽĹ̹
ڽβӸǽ߾ܶ¹Ŵ¹Ÿܲ˵Ӥ
׶̷۹ϵһĽͳɳϵлʡӤ׶
۵Ƚϳ漰ֳţ߲ķߺͽԭϵļ⣬
аƷ͹ļ⡢װϵļ⣬ÿһҪܳκεĲ
ƷӤͬʱҲҵ¹һֱԸ
ȵθСʹУȷÿһƷȫ!ӵδ
¹ĲũͶֻĵĽƱеǿĲ⡣

ĿǰزίĵڽУܺӤ׶ڼ
ʵ˾ġЩǼϣĹ߲Żһʲô
Դ

 
һЩӣ
1. ¹һǧȫӹб
http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2006-11-20/092410549095s.shtml

2. ̨Ƶÿ桷رĿй족׼1100صı󡷡
 http://news.hexun.com/2008-09-12/108771500.html

3. ӱʡʡӱʡ͵ط¹ûйɷݡ
http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2008/09/others080914ac.shtml

4.ơ¹Ĺ
http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2008/09/hongkong080914f.shtml

5. ٱ¹300縺Ϣ
http://news.qq.com/a/20080914/001472.htm

6. ٶδӦ¹
http://it.sohu.com/20080913/n259548315.shtml

7. ¹¼׷٣ʼܾվ6¼̷Ͷ
http://www.sznews.com/health/content/2008-09/12/content_3248596.htm

8. ¹ŻӦ̷¼:ʼ֤ʵ
http://news.163.com/08/0911/11/4LID2O9T0001124J.html

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

й¹ò˵Ĺ

ߣMetoo

ţ̵Ĺʵ̫ࡣ¹档˵ңΪͬ
¹ΪҵֵǱ棬ûĸ˾ܹ
⣬¹ĹһЩ

̷⣬ϵνôԽ򵥵ʵ飺
ӳƷƵ̣ԼեĶ㣬1
1ϹֱУʱƿһζŵһɰˮ
ζܲңţءʵԭܼ򵥣ȷ
⣬ڼԵҺʲѧӦֽٶȼӿ죬
ɰ˵İˮ붹ĿľʶһЩ
Һ壬صķֽ⡣ҵǣʵܹҴ
νƷƵĻƤ:-(ҲԣϾҲҪעԼߵĽø
ҵع⡣öûʣСմ֮ģЧ
ԣΪûмسɷ֣㻹ţ̺Ͷ̺ȣ
˷:)

ţ̸ˣǾ䷽ũϽԭ̶Ҫ
ˮ̫ϡˣزϸ񣬵ʺ㣬֪ĸ
ˣţܹеļ⣨ҹִܵģ
ҲԸ˵йҵĻʲôط˰ܻģﶼĸ￪
ŵһ˾Щɥˣżðα͵һͰû
ܵͷȫǰ˼ðαӴǸԣģ
ܵͷȫ񣬰ţ̾Ӳĺ֢ʷ
йĻ̶̽ʵΪҵĻϧҵ
ʧܣйҵµɥһʰʼũ
ԭվûô:(ˮٲء
ţõҵ˾ǲ֪֪Դ٣ҵ˾ֻ
ѹչһֶѭչ̣Ѿζܳˣ
ͨǸ¼ȣȥһأǻУغܸߣ
ҸҪ塰ʡˣ̵ָı׼
ﲻֻһЩԭϲ䡣ĵľӵ׷ۣҵ
ӵ׾Ҳ谷

谷ΪӼרйŷԭϽ谷
һĻѧȶԣɫζСʺ̷ۼӹֽ⣬
ʵǿϲ֪ٱҪӵúãҪһļܣͨ
ܹյġũܹ뵽ģּӦڴ˾רֻ
֪ôȥˣǹԴйĳʳзӼ
˴йʳĽˣҪй˺ĳ
ṩû谷ļ֤ڼ谷йľ鲢٣
ˮƽЩּѣȫûԤϻ
ʡĿǰ¹о˾Ѱֻԭϵ
ɣǳһҵ̬ȣӡ

谷ɵʯƻʯͬ߼ˮ
ʯûʲôõİ취ǰߵĽʯ΢ˮԣֻҪǴ
ʳãܹγɽʯļʽСҽ黼ߴˮԭ
Ҳǳ˻ԴһЩͯٷԭ򣬸̷ҵ޿ֵԭ
⻹ǳˣڷĸιӤǳڴιʳ谷
̷ۣܹҴˮĻἸûУڹͨС
Щζ谷γɵĽᾧų⣬γһ
ﵽһ̶ȣת಻ת˥Ŀǰҽѧ˵˥
תɲ๦ֻܲȫɥʧûиԭϣӤ
˥κǷк֢δжۣΪĲʵ̫٣
Ȼ¸ᷢ¹ʣʹǷǳγʯʳ
СӤҲʯֻҰο˵Ӥ޸ǳ
ǿ𲽻ָӦеĹܣ˭ָҴıƱ

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

谷²ԭ

foxlsy

¹̷谷Ⱦ¼ܵ㷺ĿɺܶӤ׶ʯ
ˮյ˥ΪһѧߣбҪﻯѧĽǶȲ
谷Щ仯ġΪˣصؼصϢϣ
ѧǱרҵֻĶpubmed 
£˷ժҪ

1. 谷ĶʵǷǳ͵ģоʾ伱԰(LD50) > 1
ÿءԼΪʵûз඾ԡ
ң֤ʾ谷ڲ鶯ڲܱתл

2. Ȼ谷ûԣΪʲôܹ˥߲յ¶ͯ
أ

3. ʵᵥڲɺصĺǣ
ͬڣͻصĺ谷
ṹȽƣҶڻгͬʱڡˣ
ֱӼ뻯ԭ谷ʵҲͬʱ˻
еᡣ

4. 谷ͬʱʱܹӽṹϵ백
֮γˮϼӶӿԷУ
һṹΪҪǣֽṹǺˮģҼס
㡣

5. ̷еṹθҺã
໥룬Ӷƻָ谷
ֱѪ

6. ޷תʣ谷ᱻѪҺ͵࣬
׼Һų⡣ȻϸУһ
ֽ໥ãṹγɲˮĴӸ
γɽʯСܵҺ޷˳ųʹ
ˮյ˥ߡ

7. ĿǰвʮΪʲôѪҺ谷޷໥γɸ
壬ܵĽֻŨãʲܴﵽγɲ
ˮٽŨȡһֽڸγпܷ
ʼӵãͬγɹлҳĵá

οף
1. Dobson RL, Motlagh S, Quijano M, Cambron RT, Baker TR, Pullen AM, Regg
BT, Bigalow-Kern AS, Vennard T, Fix A, Reimschussel R, Overmann G, Shan Y,
Daston GP. Identification and Characterization of Toxicity of Contaminants in Pet
Food Leading to an Outbreak of Renal Toxicity in Cats and Dogs. Toxicol Sci.
2008 Aug 9. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Puschner B, Poppenga RH, Lowenstine LJ, Filigenzi MS, Pesavento PA.
Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats. J Vet Diagn Invest.
2007 Nov;19(6):616-24

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ϊʲô¹̷к谷

  

ڸȵرӤ׶ϵͳʯ鷢ֻʳ
¹Ӥ׶䷽̷۵ʷزŵ飬߶Ȼʯׯ¹Źɷ
޹˾¹Ӥ׶䷽̷谷melamine

谷һҪĵӻлԭϣĿǰҪغӹƷ
谷ѧֳ۰Ի΢
£ȩ϶ɸǼ׻谷΢УPHֵ5.5-6.5
׻۷Ӧ֬

谷һ;㷺ĻлмƷҪ;Ϊ
谷/ȩ֬MFԭϡ谷ȼˮȩ
ȡ֬Ӳȱȩ֬ߣȼˮȡϻ͵绡
ͻѧʴõľԵܡȺͻеǿȣ㷺ľġϡ
Ϳϡֽ֯Ƥҽҩҵ

һ谷

谷ʽC3H6N6126.15ɫɫ壬ȼ
ˮҶͼण΢ҴѡȻ̼ܶ
16ʱ1.573 g/cm3۵354棨ֽ⣩[1]

谷Ķ

÷[2]Ƚ谷ĥɷۺˮθС20 000mg/kg
ҩ9СʱСʼֲ٣ڼʮmin
С񣬷Ӧٶۣ۷ԣʳ֢״2448h
ָθСодС౻Ĥ
һ㾧塣

F334󾭿ڰLD50Ϊ3161mg/kg, B6C3F1С󾭿LD50Ϊ
3296mg/kgϿڷ14죬δ۲쵽ü(NOAEL)Ϊ417mg/kg; 
Ͽڷ28NOAELΪ240mg/kg; Ͽڷ13ܵNOAELΪ63mg/kg; С
Ͽڷ13ܵNOAELΪ1600mg/kgϿڷֳͷԵNOAEL
ֱΪ400mg/kgĸ󣩺1060 mg/kg(̥) [3]

Okumara M[4]ú3.0%1.0%0.3%谷36ιF334
󣬷3.0%5%Ĵװ3.0%1.0%ĽʯʷֱΪ
100%70%˵谷յװͽʯķOgasawara H[5]
F344ι3%谷36ܣָ谷ʯɣʯ
ҪɷΪ谷ᣨܺΪ61.1%-81.2%,ߵĦȡ

20073Ѯ4000èȳж¼[6]ԭ
ǽйк谷Brown CA[7]ι˺
ĳʳƷ16ֻﶼ֢֢״ͬʱԶСܺͼϹз
˽ʯ֯Ҳ谷

谷뵰ʵĹϵ

谷뵰ʱͬ;ʡ̷¼
к谷˲˼顣谷ʳƷӼΪʲôǷ
Ҫ谷Ϊʹıȡټ谷Ϊɫ
б塢ζ뵰ʷϽӽ谷۸̷ۼ
֮һ谷ĺΪ66.7%,һĵʵĵΪ16%,
ǰķ֮һĿǰ⵰ʵĺͨʹõĿ϶Ȳʳе
ʵĺٻɵʺʺ=16/100=
6.25谷1g˵4gˣǷ谷
ߵӶ˵ʺ19ֲΪӦܵ
ǴͷɵӦƲá

1.Ӽ.лԭ[M].:ѧҵ,2004:727-728.

2.÷,,ֹ.谷Ķо[J].ѧ־,2008,22
3:216-218.

3. OECD SIDS Analysis UNEP Publications: Melamine, June, 2002.

4.Okumara M, Hasegawa R, Shirai T, et al. Relationship between 
calculus formation and carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats 
admistered the non-genotoxic agents thymine and melamine[J]. 
Carcinogenesis,1992,13(6):1043-1045.

5. Ogasawara H, Imaida K, Ishiwata H, et al. Urinary bladder 
carcinogenesis induced by melamine in F344 male rats: correlation 
between carcinogenicity and urolith formation[J]. Carcinogenesis,1995, 
16(11):2773-7.

6.Burns K. Recall shines spotlight on pet foods. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 
2007,230(9):1285-8.

7. Brown CA, Jeong KS, Poppenga RH, et al. Outbreaks of renal failure 
associated with melamine and cyanuric acid in dogs and cats in 2004 
and 2007. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2007, 19(5):525-31.

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

˭˭̸̷¼

/δ

̷ҵġй!!ԣ
¼㣺

һ̷۵ܶಿŹܣŵΡǹ£й
ʳƷΪﷸţжʵũ
ʵܺߣֻΪѹزϡΡ

ڵһ㣬gghczjΪᵽţֻʳƷӪ
λľӪһΪԭģ

ڡй!!˵һĿȻ֡й
ָƹȫҵԺɲ֮һйgghczj
Ȼһšʵ

ȻӷɵĽǶ˵ֱкʵũ֤ȷĻ
ҪﷸĽǶ˵ֱӸʳƷɵļලĹ
ලܾӦΣǿϳϣΪƹ
ȫҽй˶ӵҽ״ѵûмӵ
ΣйĹٷվעҪְע1еһһ仰
ǡƽҽҩƸĸìҽҩƾ
ĸĸɹ

gghczjһ䡰⡱ͰŸøƵһ
ɶ£й˾͸ܶӵҽ״?£й˾
̰νġ顱ΪĽڰˡ

gghczj˵ʳƷܻҪûѣҪ豸û豸
ܿչЧʳƷȫ⣬ƽʱЭũҵʼࡢ
ߵȲŵĹǡǡ˵йϵͳش׶ˡб׶ȴ
θĽֻԡ顱Ϊ̹Ȼܣ治йеġ".

йٵľ÷չܴ󲿷ǽѹեũͶϡ30ľ
ɹũֵֻ˲иʳܶ⣬ΰ⣬α
⣬ũɵģʵũܺߡε̷
˵ũӵкʣҲһ̵Ǯ
ѣȴԾ޴ķաһ֣֮֡ҵ¹
󡣶ũĹ͹ҵˡ˵Щ
ŵĹԱûʲôʵȴܷҵṩ⣬
ɱලеҵ׼Ӧ
¡gghczj˵ôѣʵǼ򵥵⣺ҵ
ǮѣƸũǡԹ,Թߺִ汾
ѡ

ע1ַhttp://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/pjggk/200804/621.htm

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

㶫ʡ²¹¼ӳϮ

by ֵͷ

˿ϡ¹̷е谷Ķģӣ
http://xys2.dxiong.com/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia9/sanlu16.txt
һᵽ"վһƪ'Աأ¹̷۲۴󶹷 谷α
'"¡Ҳ˲ƪ£Ȼ²ġµ谷
¹ӣ
http://blog.people.com.cn/blog/c1/s12615,w1221184427087761ƪ
ӳϮɼProject Poison B͵ġйһȫ͵û
ܵĹҡӣ
http://project-poison-b.spaces.live.com/Blog/cns!4EB2884E92CA3EB2!4793
.entryһģϮԭΪProject Poison B911շġ
թƭһǿ--¹̷¼ӣ
http://project-poison-b.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!4EB2884E92CA3EB2!4787
.entry

˵ˣд쿴¹̷е谷Ķ
ģһᵽ²¿бҪ˵һ¡

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

޴

ߣ˼

2008йڿעһ֮ֶԣѩ֣
ˮԼĴ봨𣻾˻ԣϻ
ıƽѧ˿Ļʽϵļٳ廪ʩһļٽ࣬ŭ
Թ¹̷¼ǿԿپһϵ飬
ǧʷйأѾ뵽˵ѪҺ꣡

ڽйĴ½˭ܸǣʲôģʲôûб
Ⱦپ֢ɢٶȣɢ֪Ͳ֪򡣴
漰ĳԴסУ־ʳһȾ
ġѾģѾǼٵģ

ʱµй½¹̷¼ԣһ
һ𹫹¼ǻйǶǰ;ľͲǿ
֮ģ룬¹һʲôҵվܣ¹Ǽ
ţƷӹпΪһĴҵţйʳƷҵǿ
ҵ500ǿũҵҵصͷҵҲǺӱʡʯׯص֧
ҵšҵȺٻȫһͶ״ȫȽ㵳֯ȫ
ṤҵʮҵȫȽҵƼǻͷҵйʳƷ
ҵҵʡƺŶ6ѡйҵ500ǿ2007
꣬ʵ100.16Ԫͬ15.3%200818գׯϵ
ã¹šһӤ׶䷽̷о׼Ĵ뼯
ĿùҿѧȽйҵ20ȱҿƼ
󽱵ľ档֮¹ƷƵһģԿѧ֪֮ͨ
ڶԣǹҿѧĻߣĿǰݽƵĹȣ¹
̷ҵĽơǣƾ˵¹ڱͿӣ
ĵˣǵģĵˣ¹춼Ե
ǻʲôԵأǻʲôֵأ

ʵʱ¹ٳͿƽ̽Уٲ沢ͳ˧ֱ˵
˵ٻ첻ɴ¡˵ٻܸɼ£ʱµй½һ
ˮƽԱĲʿ˶ʿƾ񣻿ƽ̽ϵ
ԺաԺʿµͨʦͿƼԱһ򱻶٣
Ѿһճ۽ʷۺκ¼ұ1965
ҵ廪ѧĺκ1967оҵ¼ұҲһʦ
ְƣһϣӮǵأܴӹٳͿƽ̽
֢ôپͻй˵Ʒ֮һΣ

ڳĬбڳĬֱ³ѸǱ
Ļ

д2008-9-14賿

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

CCTVν¹1100ÿ棬ˣ

ߣasasasa 

ǫ̃ĳĶ©ٳһСҵҸ
̨ĳƬҪǿ

ҵ©

1߽ǸţʱҪߣԱ5Ӵ
ĿġⲻǴôֱӱģô
õţ䣬Ҫ˽ȥҲЬ
ƨ

2ţ̺˵ţҪϵ±档ô̵ĳ
һӣʲô䶳װöûУ೵࣬ô֤£

3̷Ӷǣ˵ֲȻᱨɹʳƷ
ľ飬ʵڲ֪ɷгɷֲַĻα

CCTVÿ棺

http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=_W5oITaTxrE&feature=related

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ڲסttrendrи

zߣcp

һţʱĸҵڴΪΣ

ΪҿǳУ֣˲ǡǰסݵʱ
ỵ̄ûоʲôرģţĹʵ죬
ͨǶеƲƷƵ˼Ҳ⣬͸ĺģ
Щҵͷţʵ̫Ũˣ裬йһʳƷ
ҵֱһģʲôóԣҺܺóԣô벻ж
м١Сʱţ̣ǸʱѷũǣţԺ
ţ̣񻹲ˮȻ˵󲻿Ȼָ̻ţǴ
ȻˣҲûôŨɴ಻ˣԼĥȡ¹
̷۳ţʹôӤ׶ʯĸҶǳš˿
£׵Ϊʲôʱ򳤸ܾ˵ܱߣԭǺõĶ
ġ˳˵һ£طˮ࣬ɭָʴ󣬳Ĳ
ɽĸأôľǱȽϷïġ

ţΪںܶʱںꪳɳ

ҵгַǷ2003ţаΪӱͬһ꣬
ţ̱ȫȴܶ顣ţĻʽɹҵֵ
ڸʧܣȴ˷ԭʵʧţɹ
һпɽ֮Ķࡣ 

1998꣬ʼʽΪ1000Ԫţͬǣһ
ʼͽʽ80%ԴصĽ衣ǰڼԴؽ裬
ΪӵйģţĹ˾ʱҲʧȥչг
ͬʱҵţΪҵͷ֮һʱǸг
ϴ 

ڽҵгԴ10%ٶԶԶҵг
ÿ곬30%ķչٶȣԴѳΪԼҵչƿţ
ҵ󻧶׷ȦѰԴгͬʱƴԴһʱ䣬
Դߵ¡ҵʶʱӵ34ģ3ͷţĳ
ȻǣƫһĳҲ಻סˣ߳ȫ
гȥչء 

2003һİ׳ӻƽʱСʽ˽
ȫĺŽǡ 

ţ̡ɫȻǡ˳Ũĺ̡Ϊ֤
ƷԴٿŷᣬչʾشɽݳй
õԴأţչ׼Լڴ󲿷Ʒ΢
ߡ 

öǲġгӪԱ˵Ǿ飬һ
˵Ʒ35гţ̺Ǿһϲ 

Ϊ߾Ʒţ̣ƵƵСţѴ͡
2004ڹ㶫ǲϧѪ֮զࣺ2415Ȼ
ʱգܳͶ9200ԪѣгΪȫҵ
ĸֲûΪļƣΪСͶĹ
гҲûʵгռ10%Ŀꡣ 

ӵһƷԼͶ޴ĳΪʲôꪳɳأ 

ƷƹսԵĽǶӳọ̈̄Կʧ
żȻȫΧƹһʼˡõĲƷؽʤ
 

ôţ̵أǲΪţ̸á 

ߵĹУõԴɹŴԭɽһ
šԲԣҰãã紵ݵͼţ򡱵ʫġ֮ţ
ǰںɹţ̺áԣܳ˵ɹ
ԭˮʧأʴɳɽڱγ27ȣйޡ
֮ơϾƵ޷ıĿСõԴɹš
һ֪ 

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ţ1Lװţ̵

ߣйţ

Űǰҷڳй1Lװţţ̼Ⱥɶ״
״뱾ؾϵ˻ʣļ̡º˶
ţʧȥģ1Lװţ̣źǣȻ޶״֣
ȴڱ˲ٶ״ǰţʱ볬нʱ
лӦ˵ţ̲ӦȶӦֱã˵Ϊõ̷ۼ
ȺҲӦóֶԻ򶹸״Ա˵ľ̷ۻ
̵ıӦһܺóԵĤ򵱵һ󱨷ӳ⣬
Ȥ˵̫ࡣ¹¼˾ţţ̼Ⱥ
ֵĶ״򶹸״ͬѰһ˽жע⵽ˣһ
ϣڽ͡йǻ˭
 
(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ʹйٻ¹̷

·͸915յ---סһʾҵ
ͷȻ(Fonterra)ҪйԱٻй¹ıȾ
ۣǵطԱδܼʱȡж

˱ʾֱϵй֮йӱĵطԱ
ſʼȡжȻӵ¹43%ĹȨ

˳ƣȻ8µ֪¹̷Ⱦ󣬼Ҫȫ湫ٻ
ܲƷȴ⵽ӡ

һֱҪйٷʽٻأйطһֱȡ
жTVNZ̨˵

ڵطϣΪһӦͼڸʽٻءǾ


˱ʾ95ձ֪һ⣬Աƹ
طԱֱ֪ͨй

󣬵֪֮󣬱ɵطԱʼ
˵

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

¹̷һֽЭ齫Ͷ߹˿ͷ

 
    Դп챨

20085212࣬һС789oo88oo88
һ̷𣿣ӣ¹̷531գ
789oo88oo88ȻҪɾӡָ
Ѳٻظڵʱδ̫ѵĹעܿ

Ȼ¹̷谷¼ıµӣ 
ٶȱ򿪡

ˡ789oo88oo88ԶƼ40̩꣬˳һλְԱ

ŮСе

ӵߵĵ绰ԶƼЩ졣

ܿ˵˷Եɡ

ȫ˶к̷۵ϰߣ200711£ԶƼ̩˳سǵһҳ
½15̷ۣжͯ߸䷽̷ۣ߸䷽̷۵ȡ

оģڼΪ2007/12/19 D 01 08Ķͯ
䷽̷ۡ13Ůÿ˯ǰһڶ糿һעСճʵ
ɫ״ϸСżҪӣ̷Сͺˬһ
ֻ

ݿ̷ζ㲻㣬ڸоɬзСʼԶ
ƼΪǼٻθУ¹̷۵ķߣҽԶƼ
ԭ̷ͼ졣

֤ʵǵĲƷ

ԶƼڽ225գӱʯׯ¹Źɷ޹˾ĳͯ߸
䷽̷ۣڼţ2007/12/19 D 01 08߸䷽̷ۣ
ڼţ2007/12/29 D 02 37һ

˼죬ԶƼĵ绰ѯ£֤ʵǵĲƷû˵û
⣬ֻ˵̻ϵ

˼죬̴ҹȻϵҰû˻
Ҳͬ⡣ҪǼû⣬ӳΪΣ
⣬ʲô⣿ҺӳˣһЩ󣬿˻򻻻
ĺأԶƼɵ

̸鱨浥漰ҵܣܸǿԸ
ԶƼʱû鱨浥

ȫҪԪ

ԶƼ̩˳ЭͶߡ

̩˳عֱ̾12315칫ҵĹԱ·Եʱĵ
¡

327磬ңУԶƼЭ칫ҽܵ⣬ȷ
۵ĲƷֻԸԭۻԶƼʣ̷ۡԶƼͬ⣬һ
Ҫ̷֪۵û⡣

ʱԶƼϣɹ̲ͨϷĳͼ졣֪õ
ȵ渶ȫķҪԪҪʮǮȥ֤ʵ
ԥˡԶƼ˵ȥú롣

˫û̸£ûгɹ

ٴ򳧷Ҫ鱨

ִԶƼҷ˵ʼ

5ҪٴҪ󳧷ʼļ鱨浥һεĲ
ƷʳúһЩ

ǳһֱ𸴡

331գԶƼ̩˳عֱ̾룺Ϊ˸
ߣӦöһ̷۽ȡȨż顣

Ȼ̩˳عֱ̾ļУԶƼӳǸε̷ۣ
ڳеĻѾûˣ¹̷Ѿ°װ

ǩһݡȷ顱

ٳٵò£ԶƼԼдӷġ
άȨеվϡ

û뵽ǣ531磬һƵԳ¹̷㽭ܴ
ˣҵ

ԶƼóһݡȷ顱ӦԶƼ¹°
ͯššŮʿš׳ŸһгԼ2476.8Ԫ
ԶƼҪɾǰһЩվϵ漰¹̷ӡ

ȷϣΪʯׯ¹Źɷ޹˾ǩԶ
ƼҲǩӡΪˣԶƼ531գ
789oo88oo88֮Ҫɾӵ

ҪԶƼʣµ13̷ۣԶƼһۣ2
1࣬̾Ͱ4̷͵ԶƼҡ

ƽ¹̷۾̸гչԱ˵ʵ¹
ݵĵ5㣬¹Źزڽӵߺʵ
绰ʱ˵°ˣҲԺʵݵĲԱӦظ
ߡظ壬¹ûϢ

ҹ

20083¹Ⱥӵ߷ӳӤ׶ʳ¹Ӥ׶
̷ۺ󣬳ҺɫҺп6ѮԺ¹½
Ӥ׶ʯȲ״ȥҽԺƵϢ¹žΡεļ
飬8³̷к谷ʡ

죬ԶƼӵ10㣬85666˴Σ1127 

ѡak200711˵¥Ϊʲô֣ͨ˺Ӣ۾ͲһС

£ԶƼ˵̷֪⣬ǲ֪ʲô⡣
֪ʲô谷ҲܸҵҼְ취
ַѡ

ξԶƼ˵Ǿҹ¶¼ʱ
ǺѵġЩɥ

ڣе鷳ģǶѷڼǼ̷ۡ

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

άҵÿһҽӦ

ߣѰ

йҽĿ֢һԵ缲ΪҲΪ
ҵҽı䣬žCBA_MDµӡ
Zasloveҽһ£е˽һҵǶҵרȡ
ģЩȰһҵˣҵмᣬ
ͬеĲȡУһҵչụӵгĳ
ȡҽԺټҽԺҲӦˮھˡ

Linchuang޷Ƕǵַҵ
ֻҪѧˮƽԴӡһƲ֪
ͬ飬LinchuangҪһҽѧʵŽLinchuangĲ
׵ټѵҽһ飬˵ǳʲô֪ʲô
Informed consentInformed refusalҽǫѷĲ٣
ZasloveѯʱԱҽӡʱӲǴ
ЩƲһûԴ󡢻Ƣ񣬷
һJerkǴҵѡʵ

ʲôInformed consent׼˵֪ͬ⣨ͬһ
ľ벻ˣֻòһ£ܺCBA_MDΪô
˵йķﻹʵ֪ʵ֪Informed

ҽġƶϡ෴Ϊߣвҽ
ûרҵߣ֪֪֪ͬ鲻ͬʲô˼ûбҪ
˷ʱ101ŹϡҪIntelligentʶĶԻܶ
棬ƨϡʶĶԻУҪ£߼
ҪǢʩˣǿӵĽ̵Լڷʱ
ѱĿԣֻҪ˿ҷģҾͻҶ
ٵس̶ȡ

һ֮ĵȻ飬ͨ͡һ
ݡѧʶרҵˮƽʵַǲ׵ģʵ
ͷġЩָ𡰼һƫ߲רҵˣҲ
ǷѡһͬУǷ㹻أѰ
ͽƨɾ죬ѰҲòӦأҽ
ҽ

йҽƻ̶ܴһ뼦⣬ҽʧ£й
ƴҽǲɷֵģһ㣬Ҫ̫֤йҲ
ûе¸еҽģ񣬵ǿǲʵģ
ְˣ˵йҽ񻷾ôӣҽݲ
ˡƴߣڱԺһܻӭִҽѧǸ߶ר
ҵֹǱȻģһ˼ʹǵ¸Уͬ¹ϵţ޷
ĵ¿ģʵǿɵģҽԼרҵʵѧ
񣬽ִרҵ֪ʶ񣬾Ϊһҵ
Ĺף񾡹ܵ¸Уҽҵ貢ް
Եιϰģʽ£ɵ±ϧȫƤԺ
˶ѧ˵ĵģʽʵ壬ܴһҵ

ҷԵι־һͬҽҵӹ׻ҲҪҽ
רҵһͨרҵȴǲȱģִҽѧ
չţΪҽȱȷ֪ʶɾеĶ
ͷʲô⻷ʵжôɹҶҽĵִһ㣬
ڳ״ûʵойҽҵڶѭУû
ĸ׵ϣ仰˵ҲΪһڶԲ
ΪضڲΪĸͣϣ
֪֪·ʲôڲµΪάһĹƽ
̬Ϊ磬

Ѿ޼ѵҽϵϣҽȺϣƫִһʣȻ⽫
ؼҽϵΣҲΪʲôƫִйҽ
˵ййҽҽ뻼ߡγ˲ιϵ
ûκһ޹ģƴҽȻòʷ񣬶ӵȵķҲ
̫֧ǸõĴҪӴ˶ѭдƣҽؿѣ
ҵɣҪôԼ⣬ҪôFix it, or be fixed
ûκм·ʼվάҽҵΪֿ
ҵһҵɣҵɵľɱԶСҽҵ
ϸ΢Ĺơ

ҽ໥ΣָԷֻΣļأΨһܽ׵ķʽ
Ըƣ½дΣڲ½зֵ
˵վڻһٴҴվڻһվں
վһǾҽҵһάֵάҽԼйδҽ
ʵ档ҽϵڳϵһԣԵάߵ档
ҽΪʼհԼҽ

йҽĲϴΣ˿ϵıϾ׾ٵؿԿ
ҽ֮ʧ£ҲЩҽĶӷӦϿԿΪʲôҽǶ
ͬ뻼ߵأΪǵĲϵ⣬ϼ󲻰
ͷйָʵеҽ⣬ǱʶһգԼҲЩ£
ǵı绤ҲɵͿҽҵµӣʵʶΪѶ磬
ЩĻˣΪָ̫ˣ԰Ȼ֮ԴҵĽǶ
άҵ볤Զ档

ΪһλԱ˿ϵ۲ǿںţһǿ󾭼ЧĲ
ԡʹһ˵뻼߶ҽıƫҽΨһ
;ǳϹ˿͵ȷԣ֮ѣжȥл෴
ָȥΪҽԼΪȻҪҽ
ڵ֪ԣȻԸ
ûرûбҪɡܵߵİҶԲῪ
ξЦ֤

صһġЦԷǵǣд
ʱδ뵽ҽ˴ķ졣ѡİ˵ͣ
ҽʧ¸ûıҪͷиĸ԰ȴ
ϲ󲿷Ҳ̬˵ġ

һһUninformed consentȱ֪ͬ
⣩һҽԶΪʧµҽƺ󣬽иΪϸĽͣת
ΪInformed consentһ˼ҽԺԼƷ
ѹأǳ׶ĶȻҲ˵ġ

ڶصΥҽƼ淶֮вˣǲ¼
֤ʵԺľҽҲȫȫ֤ʵ˵вĲʵ˼
ˣټҽԺҽҲ̫û˵㣬Ȼ˵Informed refusalNo, Sir, 
Thats not informed refusal. Thats blatant blackmail. A smart 
patient made a smart decision.

ҲصҽΪʧҽΪ޲ƽվ߼
ĸСòĻ߶ּ֪ĲҪһλҽ˵
Informed refusalλͼΪйߴȽҽ
ҽƳΪҽԺӦƶȱϡ

Ҫ棬ҽ˾ӣΪ
ԻΪרҵϵʧְ˲ҪֺHarassment
ҽЭԵҽгͷĻϣǵҽĪˣ
öִգܻйµһϸҽ

ЮټҽԺ֮λCBA_MDйߣ
Informed refusal⣬⣬ڶ
ʵӦʵ֮ԶҲִҽѧչĶ
Informed refusalTreatment refusalѧѧᡢҽѧ
ϵʵ֮Զ

Informed refusalڴ£Informed consentֵܣν
Informed refusalڲʵ֪Ժ󣬲ǩ־Informed 
consentǩInformed refusalҽԱ˵ܾǩ֣ܾ
ṩҽԱΪѵҽΪҽԱӦվڻϣѰ
μѵĿɱ߽ܵҽΪthe best alternativeжԻߵ
ҽҽѹҽƻҪҽԱʵļ¼
ĲǷϵЧļûԲʵִִ
෢ȱ¼ʱҽִһʡڲҪǩ֣ǰй
ҽļķЧԵΪسйĲԲҽҵ֮
ҲǹʹйҽҵΪۣв˻ȡ
ΪϲУҪδйҽҪΪ
Ŭ

ִҽƵķչǰȵҲͻȻԳ
ʱΪִƼQuality of life
ҽԱԼ᳣̬ϲȡµƸߵ㣬Ϊ٣
˻ǷԸάµĵ³ͻϣԲ
ȨطΪű仯˵Ȩõǿ
Informed refusal𽥳Ϊһµҽʵ淶ȻԲ˵
ȨȨʵΪĵġ󲿷ֵInformed refusalǩֶԤ
ԵķļΪ˷ҽԱ÷ػȨõҽļ
DNRDo-Not-ResuscitateʽؾܾҪȣ
RTBTRefusal to Permit Blood TransfusionΪڽԭ򣬾
ѪԸеѪĺļһʱЧԣһ
ЧһʱЧҽԱԶѰthe best acceptable alterative

ٻ߾ܾشЧЧʩʱҲһԵ
Informed refusal documentҪ˻߼໤ǩ𣬵Ѱ
ν;ͨԺǿȻ߽ܴƣ¼
ҽԺҽεı֣ΪʱҽԺ֪Ӧƴʩ˻
߱ƶķʽṩٴʵҿѧ־عһ16
ĺνܽϲ߾ܾƣ丸ĸһ֧һҽѰԺ
ָеУǩ۶󣬶һ⣬
עǻȨЧ档

Treatment refusalȷٴָ룬
ڷϿ˵ҽӵClear and Convincing Evidenceֶ
޴Ч棬ڴʱԺ´ǿƵָһ㣬
Informed refusalйڵҽĻڼ
ѡѧ߷ѧĿΣһϸҽʵҽ

һλҽβ׿ʱʹ߾ܾô죬
˵Ȱϣҽ֪һλδĲˡ
߾ܾŴҽƴʩInformed refusalһʵ£
ҽӦΪ˸еȡùʶϣǾԵרҵ֮һ
ʹһǶȣҲУÿÿ¼ҵ
ȡΪҵĨڣλҽ˵ҲһҴѧҽԺҲ
Best Hospitals֮һǰҲڹҽԺҽҽ
ҪΪҲInformed consentInformed refusal

ΪйҽҵˣҪ̼Ĩ֣Ҳҽ
ϵΣ

ʵûбҪ˿ĶߵʲôˣԼ
Ц

ٴѱ۸ѣ˻ԼԸܡһ
ᵽʧ°ҽҽԱĶԴԶ磬I rest 
my caseyou win

CBA_MDԡһָ޵Ȼжˡһ
ָĺԣôһӾרҵȥˣ
ӵ˼άһƨƫִLinchuang̷ǱȥˣȻ
󣬻£ҽʵϼֻۣҪԣ
ѴɹʶģʶʱԵǸڶߡ

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

̸̸ҿƻߵǩ

ߣ̷

һһƪģôٴһҽԱҽԱͬһ
ȫͬķӦĸҵĵһӡҲΪҵˣ˰
Ľܣ˵ǹĳҽԺҽʦҲţٴЩҴ
ҽƾףҽʦҲǺġҹƲĻ
Ӧòơơǿƺͼٴһߵҽʦܿҽơ
ڣơڿơơӪơƤԲƵҽƾ׷ʺܵ͵Ŀ
ҽĳЩҵĸԱʵ֮ࡣ

ٴƼһ̫࣬ͼֲˣûе
¡кüҪɣҲû룬뷢
ҾͲò˵ˡһǲκϵ
Уֻҿҵǩһ£ǿҶǩֵʶ⡣

ҽƾ׸߷֮һˡƽʱҪץƣ
ԸΪشѲŻȥǩ⣬
ƵҴûйܹǸƲҪǩֵĵطҪ¼֣

Ȩ飺ǲԺĵһҪǩֵҽļ˼ָڻ
סԺڼ䣬˭ǩ֡˽ⲡ顢ߵȣҪߡ˺ͻ
ʿǩ֣ҽһ㲻롣ʱҪˣҽᵽʿվ
һвǩ֡ȨȨʹתƣʵǷǳ
Ҫġҹ涨ί˲˽ⲡ˵Ĳ飬ΪҪ˵˽
չܳԺлٽ

֪ͬ顣ҪҽļлԱ䡢
ϡƴʩʽдڵķյȡCBA_MD˵Informed 
consentInformed refusalͳͳ֪ͬ顣ͳ
ƼΪʽΪ׼ǻ˹̹ѧNazhat
ǻ棩еڶ¼ͬһЩС
ģȥйعǻݵȣڵԺ没˲Ĳͬ
ɾڸƣҪѹѳӹ͸ư֢
صв̸ͬҲͲͬÿ̸ݴԼ
810ݲ˵ľɾ껼ߣǾͼˡ껼
ڼ׷ļζ˨з磬ҲȽ׷
ףʱЩ֢ΣաݡһỼû
֪֪ͬڸҽԺͬС졣˵˸淶
һ600֪ͬ飬ֻ죬˵
Ѿаˣһûп֪ͬķ˵һ䣬Ժ
ҽļȫǵԴÿ˵ͬ鶼ʱӡġ
ͬ˻߻Ҫǩ⣬̸ҽҲҪǩ֣봫ͳֹͬ
ҿƣСҽ̸ش̸Ҷ¼ҽҪǣ
Ȳ̸ʹ߻ǩʱַ־
̸ֲģǩԼĴܶҽԱ
ҽǩʱǲģ⣬Ϊʹʽ涨̸
ʱԭϱλ١úʱķΧͷʽ
⣬еҽԺ֪ͬһʽݣһһݴҽƣһ
߼Ҿ취ԼһЩСľףԺֻһݡ

ʾ飺ҽݲ˵Ĳ顢ʽ뻼
߻̸Ǻֻһκʧ̸ܵһλ
ߣΪдˮˮȻ˻ֵǰ׼
Ʋͬ˵̫󡣽ôҺܲ졣ʵѳѧ
صǾڸǻǻʹ˱Ƚڱƻн
ЧģһλĶǲһġʦ³е
ΣֲǿֻüԼתؽ鲡˵Ϻõ
ҽԺȥΪһҽʵʹĺΡ
ҵҽֻйһΡ

ѪѪ顣עǩֵᷨᷨͬ
Ҫʾ˵ѪǾ֮٣гѪѪס÷
HIVεѪԴԼĴϣѪվȥѪ
мѪ˻ѪҪʱƾ֤5޳ʹѪ
Һ滹оѪַѪվϵ绰ȣļʵҽƻ޹أ
ȫǽѪ

ѪѪҺƷ֪ͬ飺ļȫͬĿĲͬ
ļΪõģļָҪѪзȡ
ѪӦԼѪԴԼΣա⣬ҽļһʽݣһ
ڣһݽѪ浵ٴԱѪ⹤Աмдһݡ

䶳֪ͬ顣֪ҽļںܶҽԺڡ
ҽƻ֮ҽļΪNǰиθгĻߣ䶳
ƬΪԣʯƬθº߰ҽԺϷԺԺо
˵Ժûи֪䶳Ƭ˲ˣҽԺߣ
6Ԫ⳥ʱķ۲800Ԫ/m2Ѿ1.2򰡣
⳥ǺġǵʶҽԺεʱѾȥ
˼꣬ǵծûл壬֪ڻûСȻǶǰ
İӣӰûҵҽʱʼ⣬
Ρҽ쵼Լͬؽ¡ֱҽԺ
ǩҽļ䶳Ϊʲô210ǰ С 
ڵ¾ˡ

١ֲ֯ͬ顣ҲǽһĿõú
٣Ҫ޸ʹõĵƬҪ˫ǩ֣Щֲ
һǩ棬Աϼʱġ

ԷѣأҩƷеͬʹ顣ûʲôýģһ
ô¡ҽѧչ죬ܶҩƷҽеûбʱ빫ѣҽ
ķΧҪԼҲл߱ʾͬʹãҪʹ
ġ£йĲƷҽһҲ㻼ߵҪ
ôȭͷͷλҽʶ࣬ǲĲʶ
̻ûйƷֲͬʹýڲƷĻǾֹֻͣ
ʽôһֻһξסди¼ҽ
ǩЭ飬ϼҽֲ֪ʹ˵ʱܱǿ
˾Ŀշߣһ3ܼ180Ԫ߸浽ҽƣ˵ûͬ
ʹÿշߣǮֲܱӦҽԺȵȡҽưҺҽ
ȥ͡Ϊʲô?ҽͺ͵Ǹ߼ǲģҲ
˦200Ǯͬʱõ˵˾Ļ
˵ʲôѾ߰ͷˣҲˡҽճģ
Ͳ֪ˡ

8׳ơ8ֽһ١ҽƾ֯飬Ҳ
ҽԺƽʱæʱ򣬾ͽлʿ9ֽûһ©

ԺסԺ˻һҽԺͬǩ֣ʷʵǩ֡
Ϊлָ߰ʵԺ˱˵ҽ߱
߲ʷ˱չ˾ܸҽףչ˾ͻ
ҽԺȡѵҽƹ涨Ժ¼Ĳʷ֮֮ǰ
úרŴ ϲʷ˹ĿʵȻǻߵǩ
Լǩʱ䡣һҽ޸Ĳʷ߬ĲʷĿԽ0
Ժרûרʶƹ㵽ֵҽԺȥˡ
д֮󣬻᲻ҲҽԺɣ

Σ֪ͨ飺һʽݣҵҽʱʹڣһֱ
ûκα仯һݽһݽҽƣһڲʷСʵҽ
һ㲻ϲ²Σݹ涨һ˲Σ֪ͨ飬ÿֵҽҪ¼
һβ¼ʹûκα仯ҲҪ¼һΣһǰһͬ
涨һ㲻д߲ȶûб仯֮ĻǲǺìܺͻ
ҪֹͣΣû²Σֹ֪ͨͣΣȴˣ
ҲҽԺĹΪҽûһ׼ȷʱ䣬ڡ
۲첻ϸû£ҽҪǸǮ
¹ġ֪мֵҽԺͳ£˼ʮ⣬һ´ﲡΣ
֪ͨ飬ҲҪǩ֣ʾ֪˻ߵĲ顣ҽһѡڻ
ǰ48Сʱ²ΣûоҽͱȽϲңҪӺܶݣ
ܶ๤˲Σ֪ͨΣա԰кܶĿֲ¡
Щ˿ҽѧѧֻҪվйף
ͿԿˡ

֪ͬ飺ֻҪƣ˵ǴƳ
ġǴӡ˵ģûҽӵء

ڲĻߣЩҪƵˣ
ǿҪſԣƣûͳһĸʽҲӡҳ
һڲʷ¼ڣѲ齻󣬼ǩ֡Ҫȡʱ
Ҫдʲô̶ȣⰴĦϲϺ
εȵȣҪһһдⲿֲҪչػԷǳϸ
ҺǿгԱǩֵҪԡҪ¼ҽǣм
ˣͼǩ֣ϴǩ϶ҽԺҽǩֵļһ
㶼ͬһ˱

ҿסԺҪǩֵĴҲи⣬2
һλסԺ󣬼ܾôͬ⣬ʱ
ֱȽΣ־ܾṩκ˵ϵʽҽơֵࡢֵ
㱨ˣ죬׼֤ϵ֪һ
ǩˡҸое֣ҾΪʲôһǩˣ
ĵҲɴࣺ죬ҡڵ߳ҽԺһ
Ҳûյ˵˼ллллǾҡִ˱
棬ָǱһ룬ҽԺ25%ǿҳе25ǰһ
ͬĲˣֵ׼оʱǩͬˡ߳ҽԺ
ʱеһǮҲûУֲҪģ
ڳļƣӡúܶಡڻʿ̨Χۣ׷Ϊ
ʲôǮͷԺˡڵҽûаѲ㱨֣Ҳûо
ֲ֤ͬⱨֻɿ򵥡ڷǷʵֵҽͷϣ
ҽԺҹ涨һǿǹͬеֵҽûй
ϵ͵͵ˣλҽֵ໤ʿֵҽҪǮġ

ﻼߵǩֱȽϸӡһСǷ涨Ҫ
ǩ֣ͳһĸʽҩô仰ϲ
޸ġ˵ԸģûвǩֵġЩ֢߸Ժ
߲ԸԺʱͺ鷳ûͳһĹ涨ҽΪѡǰ
ضѸһֵҽԺҽԺ߾ܾǩֱʾ
һкԸ5߸ʱ˸ҽǡʱ򲡷ûдλ
ҽҲûн黼סԺֻ˵ҩͽؼˡû뵽賿߲
Ժȣ˺ܶǮ˵ҪȻȳɹˣ
ͼڰǼҽԺĵڶλҽˣ黹ڴС

Ҫǩҽµ»ҽߣҾõбҪһ¡֮
ǰиλﻼסԺԺáԼ
ҽԺһλҲǿƵСˮƽϲһλҽ
˲˺ֿһԺ֪ͨʱ˲ˡҽ˵ҿ
ãΪʲôҪסԺأ߼ͬסԺȻֻǩ
ʾܾǲûеףճҿĻᣬֹһţ
һ췢Ĳ鷢йһҰλҽӦ
ÿ۲죬ԺƵִ취һǸҽ
ϵ鳤档ұΪʹ˽ƫƫҽ벻ͨ
úίһȵ°쵼ǿʱ鳤
óΪʲôҪҽ˵ûдλ
ĴļҵƷΪ׼һҽҶηֻģҽ
Ժ˶֪ΪʲôȻһ⣬ﲻ˵£
ҽҽѾ30꣬ҽ»ǲģǵСó棬ˮƽҲ߲
ȥκһСҪסԺòҽԹص
Ҳ˲˵ľú֪ص㣬Իֻöҷ
룬ӱһˣһΪҽҽ
µµĵ͡

λƷһеı׼Ϊ׼ڴ
ƶı׼൱Ĳ̫ͬӣԺרŽܡ

չ涨һдƣҪ߻ǩ֡ǰǸҽѧ
СΪʲôѪǩ֣ҵĻشСġҽƳ
涨ļһ㲻ǩ֣ҲǾҽԺĳ档롢ѪҲҪ֪
ͬǩֵĻǩǲ̫˵㣿شǴ
飬Ҫǩֵġд鷢ҿƵĲ࣬ҾͲ˵ˡ

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

רҵƣһ

ߣbangbu1996

    һƪиɴѰƵñӣеˡҽ
ѧڽѾѧʣһпѧ񣬾ǿѧϰ
ˣõĳЩҽѧ֪ʶȫпܱȽٴʮꡢʵ顰ḻ
רҵԱȷ෴һʱѧϰһζԼν
顱רҵĳЩ۵ܲġơҲҽѧٴ
ȺܶҽѧרҸִܰҽѧľ衣Ҳרҵѵûпѧ
רҵѵԶûרҵѵпѧ񡣺οѰйרҵѵġ

    ڰ׵עȻûжѰָѰָ߳ǣ
֮ٻ׵ΪؾףȻΪԡҽѧ
ѧס ͡ҽѧѧǰ֪ʶ˽֮ʶߡѰ̲ס
ƫ˵йҽӦԶ˾Ƕҽѧѧ׾
ȫ˾һ̶ռҽѧѧǰ֪ʶѰ
ָȫǶԵģйҽƽ״ǣ׵ױáҪڣ1.
Ͱ׵Ѫ֢Ļע׵ף2.Ѱ׵׵Ӫʹã3.ð׵
ˮף4.԰׵ǿʡҽҳӸ߿ǰ
׵׵Ĳ˼¶Լ׵׸еǺҡⱾ
ǰˡΪð׵õ١ԭǡа׵׵
˷ǳȻΪС͵Ѫ֢Ϳð׵ˡǣĿǰ
оڵ͵Ѫ֢ʹð׵ƣӦ͵Ѫ֢ԭ
ơΪо͵Ѫ֢ʹð׵ʺͷ
ʷ沢ܹƶ١ʱѧϰ׵ҽǲ֪һģٴ
ϣֻҪߵ͵ף͸һ뷨йҽǼ
ģרҵԱġơ֡ҩӵĿ˺󣬻
úܿ죬˾Բܾ¾Ȼʣ׵Ļʹ
˻ָÿһЩû飬ƺûȨ˵⻰һרҵ
ʿҩǰȻԸСûȨ˵רҵרҵȥˣ
㲻ףȻ²ûҩӵջð׵ףִ
ҽѧʵʵȱݵġġ֤硰ҿṩҵĲ
סԺʱ䡣һ24죬ҵĲ˻ָʲôá˿ڸȾ
ǰҲ0.5%ң⼸ҽԺ˲ʩӵλ
ûзһ˿ڸȾЩֲڵûжյľѵԲҩ
ӵĹ۵˵ûѭ֤ҽѧʶȫھҽȷ
ʵûʲôѰеרҵйҽȴȷרҵе
ơ

    ڴ鲡עLinchuangԡһȷʵѰ
˵ƫĿꡣһϡעǰҽѷյĿԸ֪
ҡıҪԣҽ֪ʱֳרҵͳȱݵġӦ
Ȳص֪ڣ10ڣעıҪԣĿܺ
֪ķգȨ׺ӦŬ˵ͬ䣬˰
ɻԾ硰һ˵԰οңõЩķտ
Ƿǳ֮͵ģΪҩĳȡҩʸ񣬾
벡ǩͬʱʾӦݱ֤飬ʹҸΪġ
ĸ֪ǩֲ滼롣ֻǼ򵥵оٷҪԼеһ
ĸ֪һΪҽΪжΣŲǩȱ
Ϊ֪֡ǩֶǱҪģҽ֪ĹǷ
һΪ˻ߣΪ˻һУΪһлߡǷҽߵĳ
ְҵĹؼ 

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ѱĺȫ޼

Neuroglia
 
XYS20080913Ѱġ޼ޡĺߡλ
ȻҽƸĸҲȷЩĿҸо̫ˣʲô
Ϊרңſڱտڽѵˡ˵öԣѵҲУƫƫ˵
Բԣȴװһרҵ˿ơ

޼ޡҵһЩۣһЩա
Ҫйصش𣬶մ˵Ķһ¡Ҫָǣ
ѰЩҽѧģʱ᷸Щͼȴϡ
ǰĿᵽϡָӢdifferential 
diagnosis﷭Ӧǡϡ˹ȻĹηǣ˵ʲô
ϡǡӢϸ롱ʵˣֻóǸС
XYS20080723Ϊİ̷µĿԣ
߱СĴɡ
 
************************
Neurogliaֱӹҽ𣿡һҽԺҽʦ
ձڵҽ⣬ҽ𣿡ʵ˹ǣ
ҽ𣿡ҽǸñNeurogliaУ
һҽϵҽԺҽҽѧ֪ʶǷȱ
ĲԣֳƼϡһ֮Բôٴر֪ʶ
ԭǰǹũѧԱʿġΪйʿƽΪȱ
ְҵǰȴ벻ԭҽģôſڿӵĻҲ˵óɥĲ
˰ɡ
**********Ľ**************

1.1Ҳϣҽˡֻ˵ΪһҽӦ֪
Ŀǰʽְҵķжжҽÿʳ͵µļ尾¶
գжٺҽ̭ˡҽһ͹ذܶһЩ
ڸλϣʵϰաֵáʥࡱĵȥ
ҽֻܸؿˣһҽʣкκôͨڲ
˽ҽ״˵˵ҽ£ҽԺҲͰˡҽӦ
״ȥҽǡվ˵ۡ⣻Ȼ
ҽϰղ˽״ҾͲˡ

1.2ѰְǸġϡ˼ѡ
ַϹСˣȻĵطˣʲôȳ²֡

1.3ʿҽſڿӣǸʷĸʱֻʿ͸
ת˾ٵѵκѵͿҽЩ˰ڣ
ṷ̂쵽ҽʦˣйͷҽ
ԺȫʡһָҽԺдƵҽʦˮƽϲ

ȻڵĻʿûбƱҵ֤ûͨҽʦִտԣǳɲʽҽ
ġ

************************
NeurogliaƫҽԺҽʦ˵Ĺ¿Աһ
ѣôԼˮƽأѰԻһز˹尸˭Ҳ
֪ˮˮǳǵҪմпգάҽ
¶ڶˡմDementiaԳմ֢Alzheimer
s DiseaseAlzheimer DiseaseADѪԳմVascular 
DementiaVaD
**********Ľ**************

2.1û

2.2 Dementia˼ǡմǡմsenile dementia
մԭµ֪ϰ׳ƵġɵȻ
ADVaDմָľADָΧСDementia
ܻѰ˴ǱǴ룬ԱĻǷǡ

2.3ӢйصĲǷʹиӢѧҲһֱ顣
嵽ADڸʹAlzheimer DiseaseиҲ
ȨĽ̿Merritts Neurology Adam & Victors Principal of 
NeurologyʹAlzheimer Diseaseһ﷨ο12ߵ
ĩȴʹAlzheimers diseaseɼֶʹãϵ˵ĳ
Ǵġ

************************
ADһֲвȷԼںѷԸı䣬
ϿųVaD෴ԹѪϵͳ΢˨֢״
˨ȱѪԹܣϿ֤ѪܼķѰȷ
Ȼ෢΢˨ʱҲԶADѡ
ADԶVaDҪ࣬޹һձVaDADҪ࣬й˿ܸձ˲࣬йմҪVaD
**********Ľ**************

3.1οջȷӦָǣADVaDļʱס
͵ADûѪܲVaDвʷٴϲ͵Ļߺ
࣬ô𣻸侭෽顢Ҳȷٴ
ϣϾմԭҲ֣

3.2Ŀǰ˵ĿǣйADٺVaD൱ǰΪAD
ʶ㣬ϵ̫ˡ

3.3һеġմָʵǡմ

************************
¼顰һԭ˭Ϊû߻ҪһAD
VaD֮ļϵģкܶǱǩ͡
ûߵADôðеҽмֿɱԣΪAD
Ҫųմļǡô˰VaDʱ
˵ʲôأ
**********Ľ**************

4.1һԭģλ˱Ϊմ֢Ѿһ࣬
Ѿĸּͷ­ĺ˴Ź飬Ѿ֤ʵ˶෢Թ
ήĲλʮȷҲʮȻѡ
մ͡෢ԹήһԲ˵Ѿȷ
ӦףͬĲΪҽҾÿЦԷλҽ
ʦ䡣Ʋ⣬ҵҽ񾭿ƵļЩ
дҲûʲôϡ档ԼƵļʶҲͦǳģϵͳ
ټҲ˵ȫǣҪôԼʵЩҪôдǰ
ٺ˶һ²ο顣д·XYSӰ컹ͦ󣬻ҽԺ
ҽʦݣ˵ͼ󣬵ȻЦ󷽡˵ûʲô»
ЩŪˡʲôʱˣңҸġ

4.2ЦѰҪŲǵ˵ӲҪߡѰ
ǰdementiaɡմԱμĴ󣻽ž͡
֪ηȷв˭ɣ˭ǡ
ΪѰǺЩRPWTġ

4.3ݡһṩϢΪ񾭿ҽ
λǺּ޷϶гմΪиûᲡ
ʷѰܹȷVaDװд
ϱ׼NINDS-AIRENǺܻᷭ

4.4йۣѰ˵ò㡣Ǳǩҵԭ

************************
λѵ˲񾭿ƳNeuroglia⿴ͬô
ƵĲףôйҪٺܶʹࡣӢ
ٴ׿ԽоԺNational Institute for Health and Clinical 
Excellence2006׳һСӣΪմṩٴ׼
ڵ10ҳԻɳմ˵ҪԼҺڴҳȷ˵
Use cerebrospinal fluid examination if CreutzfeldtCJakob disease 
(CJD) or other forms of rapidly progressive dementia are suspected.
ɿŶϲѸٷչ񻯵ĳմԼʱʹԼҺ飩
CJDǿŲҲǰֵúķţıʽ
йжԴ˲ıҺܻйĴҽܷʱϳһ
ּĻܲ⼹ҺѹԼҺĳɷݣ󲿷ʱ
ԼԼ׵ϼֵٴ淶ҽѧѵ
ԣȻƨ˼һ¡
**********Ľ**************

Ѱ˼·ƺģһմһ㲻ڶҲ
Ϊ˼CJDйҽCJDϼԼģ
ȻǼԼģûҽĴ

ҵĿǣ

5.1ͬ⡰ԻɳմߣҪԼҺҲ˵
ԻɳմͨҪ仰Ǳ̨ǣĳЩȷбҪߣӦ
ý硰ɿŶϲѸٷչ񻯵ĳմԼʱʹ
ԼҺ顱ԼҺ14-3-3ADһָ꣬ٱ
­ѹԻˮҲǳմһԭҪȷ

5.2ע⣬ѰͬʱӢԭĺķһ֡
뿴dementiaʣѰΪմԼǰ2.2
ġմɼ֪ȷĺ˼ġǰӲ
dementiaɡմǹ룬Ϊǰˮ룬桰һ
ĹηǣѰǿ

5.3 CJDȷʵٴϲ㳣ΪʡһλרƣڵĿ
Ҽÿ¶ϼ֪ĹCJD϶Ҫڵ
ɣԡĳĴҽ޷ʱϳCJDһ
ȫȷҹ滻һλһλͷκܶ񾭿ר
ҡ˵CJDҵΧڵļ

ţıʽǱCJDдΪvCJD

5.4 ԺܶϵͳϼֵCT, MRIǰ
ҽΪļֶ֮һʹڽ죬Ҳ䲻áҪ
ļڣ­ѹ׵ܹ༲-ۺ
ĤǻѪ­ڸȾԼĤ෢ӲȵȣмԼ
ҲԼ

һд˵ļ飬һķմڣһһʧܸ
˵߻ǮһܲɼԼҺ걾շҲߡ
⣬ҽҲûʲô棬ûҪҽƾף
ջʧܣҪ֪ѪҺӰ飬ûзջҽԺ
룻ҩлؿۣܵúֻ
յûôҽǻߣۿʲôأͨҽǶ
⽨黼⣨ģաЩ¼ҽԺҪ
߶תϼҽԺϼҽԺҽǵҪ黼ҵĽǣ
ҽ黼ǾбҪҽжˡ

һµĵҽΪʲôûҲ˽飬
λҽһΪбҪԣΪûԽҽ
 
Ļ

ȫţѰǲġὲܿ
дһƪƪ粵ûôй򣬶벻Ӧ
бҪ

ѰҪд·Ҳ4.3ᵽģNINDS-AIREN
ϱ׼ͼߵĲԱȣȷһVaD

ҽ߲ҪѰҲҪҡйݸһλε
ҽжϣǷҽѧ֪ʶϣϵ㵱
 
1Merritts Neurology, 10th Edition,2000 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p633
2Adams and Victors Principles of Neurology, 7th Edition, 2001 by McGraw-Hill, p1109 & p1646

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҵ֪Ȩ

ߣСľ

һҽᵽ֪Ȩи£

ȥݳԷ˵ǩ֣ܾͲ͡һд˿
ΪҪڱͲ֪ͣʳºΪʳﲻ
кŻʳжķգԸеòͺЩաû취
ˣûܳԵķֻ꣬ǩ֡

ȥгӣ˵ǩ֣ӡһд
˿ΪҪסҪڱ˾֪ǸֽĽס
ȥΪֽˮϲϸķգ
ԸеЩաû취ǣҪǣֻܸ
ǩ֡

λੲݱİʹǣеʳͻ߹
ͣ˶ԴǻƽͣԷֵô

һҽѧרҵġ⺺Ĺ۵㣬ҽԺԲˣڴ
ƵģƲϢĲԳϣbargain powerĲ
Գϡֲƽòǩ֣Ⲣ֪Ȩвȡ

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҽìܵļ뷨

ߣ

ҶҽҽϵͳԹܶ࣬Ϊ첻
ҲǵƵһ棬ҼһʿҽԺʳũ廳
Ӵ򷹵ĸףͷǣһҾͺܸж˵ףִҽ
ʿְҵĻ֮һҽҽϵĺģ̸ܶ
ҽʱʵ̸ҽԺҲпܱ˲ñĶ
ǣҽԺΧƴտչģΪⲿĹ
֣ҽվǰ̨ǾίܶʱǵĻԼ
ģһǲȡġǩۣϣһ
Ĵٻعͷȥһ鼤һԭģʲô

ҽìܣô򵥵뷨ҪǮ⡣ҽ
ƶȺܲƣձڡ뱾Ͳߣðٶʮ
ҪסԺǧǧ£ҽԺǮֿĽ˵㣬һһ
סҽһĲãٺǰһͨ˵滻ȡ
ǰ¸ڡϹ䣬һ˰ˣѾ̫
ࡣڶһλ⡣ѣһЩȡֲܹЧ
ֹ˺ⲻҽìе󣬽Ĺ
ʲôάȡһȺòάһ棬Ҫ
õ㹻ӡ˵ЩնһЩǾڵǰҽìϻ
ͨɳĻ߾ǵ֣ϣ
ǵǩ֡¼׸ôǼϣ˾Űɣ̨淶
ʲôģȻҪ治Ҫ·ܹʵ
֣ܽһ롣ƶƵ⡣ȻҽҲ޶
͸ҽԺɣϾǻǳ׶ΰɡҽô䣬߲ߣ
Ӧжߣҽҩּô֣ȵȵȵȡ

Ҫ˵ʵԼҲЩܿն˿ܶ˵˭
վ˵ءǲſţҲЩնĶܱ
Щǿһɡ

(XYS20080915)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

һڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣲣磮
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮



ʫ졡ǡʫ

ڡ棺ʫ졡桤

Ѷ졡ŲԻֵ̿

ţ졡졣  

𨡡졡30档
٣ֽ˼䣨⣩졡ˮһͷ
ġԶһֱ
졡ֻ̣˺Ͷֿ
˿¶졡ϣ

ΪֱŷС졡ߵС
ķӡ졡ֵ¢ϰĺ

Ǭ졡Ҷѹ
졡޳Ϸңһ
԰衡
塡С÷졡ҹյαǩ֤
졡ҵ塭
͡

ͬ㩣ө桡

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ժԡ2008827ձڿ͹廪վ  У
ƶš

    һ廪ڵϢڸվһڿһƪ廪ѧ
У˱ֽܲɷõűнƶȡǰ죬廪ѧ
ΪرϷƶԴ˺ڿΪʾǿҷ߿Ǵ𡱡

    죨26գһΪbig fishĸ˲пվʱ
ͼԼڿűáš824յġ廪šĿ
Уášг廪ѧУ˱ڽѧ߲ɷõʱ򣬱
ڴѧ״ĵġд˱ʾڵĸУ
廪뱱ڣѾûн˲ΪѧĿꡣڴġ
šıУһЩŵĴǡ

    󣬴һЩۺ̳վתءһЩڿ
š󣬷׷Աʾȡ廪Ͽţһ
ƶѧУôôأܿ뵽϶ڶ㣡
д

    ǰ죬廪ѧΪ˷һƪгƣ82423
ʱ47֣廪⵽⹥۸ģ˱Уܲɷõ
ţҥԡ廪ѧĶԴ˱ʾǿҷ߿ǴĿǰ廪
ѻָС

    ڿű

    磬廪ѧУ˱ڽѧ߲ɷõʱ򣬱
ڴѧ״ĵģʾ˵ֱһ㣬еĴѧƶȾ
ѧǵʺ˱Уʾڶʮͳ40
˵йĻƽʱڣʱйĴѧΪ˴
˲ţΰ˼ҡңиʿӢۣпѧ
ɡ徫ӢʢԴӽźǾʮʼ˥䡣ڵĸ
У廪뱱ڣѾûн˲ΪѧĿꡣصѧ
ܣѽڵĿγ̣ӲĽʽѧǵ˼
ԿγʧȥȤԴѧйĽʧȥģѧǱ
ǶԴѧʧ˷ʽ

    һʾ80ѧڸսѧʱǳ־Ŭ
ѧϰľĵģѧĵĥʴ£ܽһļֵ
ҵѧ²20ӿΣѾܶѧ˼ҳ㷹ϴ
ѧĿѧϰ֪ʶ˴ĻƾЩڶӵĻ¼
ѧϰѧǵѧϰʹȴڱĥ
ȥѧĳƷһ߾ûʬ⡣

    һֱȥ20йѧ˼״̬;ˮƽʲ
ôӣҼֱ󣡡ŰĽѧʽͽ̲ᶪʧĴ棬
ȶǴġʧ,ǷҪʡأĽģʽ֮£ѧ
ǵľܵ˺ԺͶ˼ܵ޿صĶɱй
ûŵߣֽģʽкܴĹϵ

    ǹ˱ԭ ΪһѧУΪĸУӦ
ѧĶܡص˼ʽ͸Ȩսľ

    1ʲôǶļܣ Ǿڿαϵģĳо
ԿоɹΪɼҪͷģʽΪгѧ
ҪĹ

    2ʲôǶص˼ʽص˼ʽըʽ˼Ƕ
Ѱʵ׵˼룬ץסһһֱǰĿѧһ
ͨŵص˼ʽڲѧϰĹвģѧעо
ʽоĿԼԡȻŵӦóΪĿ꣬
ĿΪԼ˲ţϾǹ϶˲
ɵı־

    3ʲôǸսȨ ѧǶ˽⣬ëʯͷĸ
أ˽֪ģΪʲôǸʱȫֻ1˲ͬĽ
ʵ֤ˣԭȨ塣ڣһʣ
˽ͬѧֵܣѧΪӲزʦʦ
ӣŵȺҵרоĳɹǵĺ,ʦ,ҿ
Ϊһͬѧ ġͣϿ,ԱҲۣԭΪ
ʲô?ĸںܾܿŵ

    ȻϵйеĽ£ǲܱѧġ
Թ˱ʾйĸߵȽƸĸڱУӦֹͣٶɱ˲
ˣӦֹͣѧǵʺˣȻĸ漰ܶδ֪أ
Լǣܶ˵棬ƱܵΪѧԼйδ
룬Щ뱻˷

ժԡй걨200891ձعίǡһ
ޡŹ

    ίǶ桰¡ˡסϽڵйҵѧţ
ԼϾٱйء

    ڻϣѮĶǡһޡίǡ

    829գʡмίһ참Աй걨֤ʵȪɽ
ίǶӡطѱʽ

    ܣ7½ӵٱ֮һҡмίͶԶȡ
8Ѯί飬һʽƽԺ

    831磬ʡʡίͨй걨
߱ʾϾٱ֮ǰ쵼˴ίŵ飬ǡ
ڴʱϾٱϵӴʹίӿԶȡʩί
ίᣬͨ˴˰

    źʵٱδ𸴣Ͼٱίŵ

    Ϊݷ绪԰СҵίԱΣάȨΪԴС
⡣8һϵĿġ١ϣΪԶ
άȨʿæ

    2006֮꣬˸ٷȥʼԷʧͶ꣬
ѯ١ܸܲ浹ԼǷ⵽

    2008ٴҵ٣ṩ˹ڶľú
֤ݣҷ޲硱ɷ

    ϰ߶ڰͬԸûơÿݲ
֤ͷͽβرԼϵ绰䡣

    ЩǧϷȣֳʱıû
绰źȴͳʽͬʱѡ;

    511գٽٱĲϿһЩͼغ쵼֤
ݺ߼ߡ

    ûе𸴡

    76հʼ̳ҷȫ޳ܵίǺ
ȫţĺڶ˶Ӽ˴ǰĳľٱ
룬ɹѲѯ

    ١һͨ

    7賿һվվٱϣ෢¡ݣί
ơһޡơһЩվת

    8磬мί鳤Ѻ͸ɲлǰٴ¼˺
ггУټ棬˵
ģٱǳͨġ

    Ϥмί˶ר顣

    9磬ֻͨţԾٱ˵֪ˣ˽⴦
һ죬汻ְͣ

    10գίίͨ˶⡣ϯйҵѧί
һλˣίٴ˻龫

    11գ⵽ְ17գ汻ʽ˫桱

    ڼ䣬мί½Ӿٱеȡ˲֤ݡ

    һվ˶Ա߱ʾ77ͼͨһߴҪ
ԼԶٷ㡰С˼Ȼ󡰴תйؾٱϡ

    ǶϢ

    ǵĻ

    𶭷棬һλʦʾ̫࣬
̫󡣸̫ãԵ

    λʦָԼֵĶӣжӰӡȨ
ƣʮš

    涫·˲С𶯣ߵĲɷò˳
ڡ

    һЩɷöԶ永Īһǡٱٺһʿ
ߣܻ߷˵Ҳʮ

    мίһ참Ա˵ڸð׶Σķڡ永
Ȳ͸¶Կ϶ǣⶼС

    ݵˡһʿĻݣѧڡ
˹ӵײ

    ˽⣬ũ壬12˹¶ֳ1977ξ
1980빫ɲ֮Ů顣1981,ƻ԰ơţ
ίǵȡ1995굱ͭɽί֯2000Ȫɽ
2006ίǡ

    ˵缫㣬鸾Ⱥ֧ĳĳĳĳȡ

    1994꣬ƺԼ塱֧ĳϵ滹ǿ
ۿͱȭš֡һޡͬꡣ

    ĳȶ22꣬ǳԷͬӣڵشڰ빫״
̬20065𣬶Ҳûлؼҡ

    鸾ĳ1999˽ӣǹӣĳװϹ
д³ŵ顣ԡޡ2004126ա

    ĳд㱣֤һģأ㡢㣬
⡣ᣬһԷ޺Ϊʯ鵽Զһ
̣ȫµ̬ӭںӣһʴȵȥƴ
һֻáϳŵʱЧԶ

    ˵ŹλԽԽߣ桰ÿλؼҶҫֹһζ
˽ݻҶ첻ɵ飿

    ٱصȨܻߣзزϾ
͸档Կ̱ʾ˭ʮʮԪͱõء

    ڶ浣ͭɽί֯ʱﷴӳ֮
ɷŻϾҶǮͨˣҾٱһ绰
ͽΡ

    ٱ

    830գмί鳤Ѹ֪٣漰鸾ĳѱ
˾

    ٿֻǡʱʤԼ˵һֱĵ
ȥ

    ΪٱٱŹҵѹֹһν
ŵ绰ʱҸеģҲĵ

    ˸Ĩڣ˵Ȫɽءǡɽġ

    汻˫桯һңмίͰѲƽмԺɳ
Ϊ٣ǷӰ참ʾڶڵص̸ڣ
ϣܽɸһί鴦

    £Ҳͬĵġְ֮ͣ󻹸绰ϣ
ܳα֤ϵƬ˵Ǻϳɵġ

    һ˫ˡһ糤ڲھ⣬һ
ڸֻϺܡܼ4£ȫͼ칤Ҫ
Ҫ׼ȷʮߴԵͷܶҪ󣬰
ĸﴴ¡ͷ١ͳƽڽĻҪ᳹Ȫɽ
ľʵ֮Сĸץšһǽץһ
ҪȷȨΪص㣬ǿԱɲ絳͡
ͼܶԾƸܡǽץƶȽһʩ
ץżලһؼڡǽץųʹһҪֶΡӺͷӲ
αܣΥбͶꡢֺȺȷ
԰¶⽨ơ©ﵽ鴦һһߡ
һƬЧ

    Ȫɽί617շϢȪɽץĴ
ʵƽ罨ꡯԲֻظɲ
ǿҪȻĶҪÿ̹ġ

    ҲǶһϽѵˡ

    ίǶһεϴͳý壬621աձ
һƪ̸˼רøУ롱Сһһ롱ǡ
ɲ۱׼ƶȡƶȺ罨һǷϿѧ
չҪۡ

    Ҳʱû뵽ºͳˡ֮

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס



                               

ǰȥйˣϵ±Ѷѵø߸ߵˡǸˣ
ϺҵĿζÿжɳࡢɽ髡ʡٹ֡

ҵͶһ±һ±ǳСһ𣬻Ƥ
ᣬķִ˵Ľɾҩأȴǻһֿ
ĸ±

ҵϼɽʡвһ塣ķףÿҼҶ
±ĸ˵ǰԣһЩ˼ңҪõһ档ǳԼԣ
໥͡仧󣬾̵̫ԭ˫ϳֵ
±ĸ׶Ȼ

ҼǵСʱһ쵽ĸ׶Ҫ±

ĸ׵±ƤɷɡȽףֻСϷʡ桢
ͺþͳɡ渴һЩ־ĸ׸ӲߣĮ̇һֻ
ϲӡһֻڰϣͺ浹롣
棬ͣ᲻ͣذ裬ã࣬΢΢
ӣͷֱ۵Ķϵزһ;ͻȵ
һ 

ĸ׺ʱһվ¯ԣ͹ʡ±ڽڰ
Ὤ֮䣬ûʡʡʡǻ϶ɡף
ҪģҪýƲú޺ζʱ򣬹ǻð˿˿
ͽ㡣ʱģű飬һ߳һ߿ʱ
ˣżζżæòӽͼ£ѹ׵淭һī
֭ˮҲҵġ

Ĺ飬ĸ׻ǰǰӪ
࣬ǼŮСһĸÿڰͼ֮ǰʢ
һҡ

ĸ±ܶࡣһԲ±ÿֻĸ˵ȥ
кܺõԲģӣսжˡᵽ̫ԭÿԲ±
ھӽ衣ģӺܴ󣬵ײžµĻơԵĹĸԼ
һֱ߻ĸָײ£һôĴָʳָŤȡ衰һһŤ
С֮⡣

һͨ±һľȣžȵĻƣͷвͬ
ͼϸָԼߡҳĸ״֡ȴӲͬķƹ
һͷᰴ£±ϱֳͼ

һ±ľģġľģԭһףӴСȴ
ʣһƽʱĸײľĹ⣬ͨ죬ǳΣ
һеϸڳм䰼ĵطһԲģ
ײŹӵ÷ͼν򡱣ģ±򡱵ʱ
ѰڵӷŽģѹƽȻ󷭹һģͼ±ˡ

ϲЩ⺬Ļ±ĸÿζ«
ʸ±ֻҸ׺ҵֵܡһƪС˵дĸ
ĺ«ε±С´һŵģ֡ĸ±ʱĻ
±ճɵʱҲǳλ㡣Сʱ򣬶״
һֱܵİãԶĸ׵±ϲεȴ
ϵĺóԡҪú«ε±ʱĸҪ˵Ϊ
ġд«滹һڶСѡ

ƪС˵ƣҲд״±ʵĸ׶
Ůܹƽһ˫֣ܻΪ档ǼŮģÿ
ﶼܳԵ±±ӣұǴʯ
϶Сһ֦šһɣѶ
ܸߡһСᡱȡҵĳٺʯĶӡ

ĸ׻Ҫ󼸸±Сò۾Ӿȫһʯ
ֻ䡣ȡõҩ֮⡣ϼң±Сõ衱

±ͺҪմ֥飬ȻӿֽС𡱡
Բ±Ҫ飬ĸԼ𡣵֮ʣµЩҾԸ
ˡΪֹ𣬿ʱҪ׶ۡÿζҪ⿾ͷ
Ȼĸ׿裬ֺˣܻ˵˰ɣĻ
ɰԵ⡣ͯ£ȴ̲סЦĸʱһڰЦ
⺢ӣĲ֪

±֮󣬻һ򣬵졣족ǰѺֽ˺飬һֻ
Сݳɫϲ졣ȰѿӵϸͷھһպȻ
±һ㡣һ±Ů˿ü룬˵
ÿ

֮ҹĸ׻޴Բ±óռͷ
顣׽мǰĴͥͬãԲ±˻
ŮճӣССзݡﲻСĸ˵һЩ˶
ͥʱеխָԲ˼ÿһϸ
żһˡ

ҴʱѾ飬̫ԭһسǹ˵Ůɽ
ףʱҡǡĸ״ӱó
Բ±˵ǸġһĻѾȥܶˣȻǵá
ҵʱĽŴ㣬ϣԼҺҲĸǣҡ

Щ꣬һֱԵĸ±ÿλع̽ףΪ˽Ů
ѡ졣ȥ죬һߡϵת˰²Żص̫ԭ
ڶһҾŵһ㡣ĸϿʲôҸ߽
˵ڱﶳʮ±רŸġ

һȺ±һĸһ߿ҳһ˵±
ġʣƤеӲҲ˵ζаɣ

ԭЩΪ˥϶ಡıԽԽ涼Ͳˡʮ
ͷһΣٽȴû±Ҹ統ʱȥϼҳ
һٸĸףҷˡ˽ĸף֪û
±ýڲɽڡ

ÿһҶԼĴͳĸ׵±ǶǻǶһ
塣Ϊ˥֮ʣòһǳΡҵʱ
վĬĬ˵ţ־ѹ˾ʵԼҲһ
ţʹ˿ɰ׷ҲԸ˥븸ĸϵ

й±ĵڶ죬Ҹĸ״˸绰˵±Լ
ĺãʱһŮҾ䷽Ҫ˹ĸ˵
ıˣҪǽٻĻǻǰ±ġ

ڵ绰ͷңɰٸнֻΨΨӦš


ֽ˼䣨⣩            

                          ١

ûʲôʵС˵ûбϷ硣ԣʹ׾ң˼
̬ԭʼ¼ֺγһʷأ

                   

Ǹʲô      

ʣǸʲôһ˻˵ңʵȻԼ
ҲôǸңɵԼ𣿵ȻܣֻǸʾ䡣
Ϊҵȷ֪Ǹɶ

ϸ˵Щд˳ɼõһΧĳϣ˸
ЭдߡƩ籾ˣΪдһ㶫Сӣ˸
ЭᣬʮǰмЭһνĸϯͷΣô
ҾҵĶô˵ҾЩ纫֮д˾޴
ҲõϿɣӲЭд𣿺񶼶ԣֺ
ȫΪһһЩνҡ

Ʃ˵ͶӪߡ治٣ȥдһЩҲ治
˸ָЭᣬĳΧһЩ֪ȣȻЩ˷׷׳ΪŻλ
ͷͷԣЩλЩĻλĻصĵλ˵
ֽûκƷȴʵʵڵĹԱŸֻȨߵ
Ķ̨˵ǹԱ𣿿ڸֳԼң˹
ĺеӡʲô

Ʃ˵ٳ˹ߡ˱ûƷдģ˼ǮȨ
һˣҲˣǲԼдģԼ֣Ȼ
ŪһôģȻЭŪһϯɸɣ
ϯôѡġ˵д飬ûһҵ
ӣ˵Эְʲô

һңҲ֪ʲô˾ʶôһң
ĻλרְԱеǲŻҲд˺ܺõƷһȦҲ
һȫд֮ˡƩ˵ܿϯ
Эϯλӣ˵һмϯЭϯλҲûʲô˭
ԵģãֲȻܻףгĻ쵼
죬ΪһˣΪ˱еĻ쵼Ҳ֪
ҪԾֲˡİϴڵõ
ġõҲͰˣڱ׵ȦСȦӣһ̳Ū
ƵģһĲдϵһ

ǿƷ˵ģҼȴ෴Ҿͺʡܸ
Щʲô

ί

һί

оٰһιģǰġXXѧXX ̵ƣ
ǳƷĵλأΪдһЭһְ
㱻׽ίСί֪ͨίʱǸֻžѽ
ˣҵܵί˶ѧɡɼҵĴ
ʲôοίô¶Լиһ
ίһеģԼһ飬Ҳûί
ƺġҾĵڴԼίʵԵĹ
һȶ֪ͨҿ壬ò׵һ绰֪ͨҲμӡXX
ѧƷŷġϣί˵ȫǧ˲μ˴
յ5800ƪίǵĳ20ƪƷΧУ԰顢
顢顭ͦƵģίһֵƷû
ô˵ίĳأҵʱϿʼд
ĺȾƳˡ

ŷ᲻ãյ20ƪƷ͸˵Ϊ˱ӣ
ίֻƷ20ƪƷһȽ
ɶʱҪ͸ӵ˵ί˵ˣСʱŷᡣ
СʱҸ嶼꣬զ͸ӵ˵û£˵ˣ
ЩҪô쵼Ļ쵼ݵģҪôͬ־ġø
Ѹ˽Σ㿴û㳭һҴȥͿ
ˡŶ

Ȼ붼û˵ãҾͲˣһжε˼졣

͸˵ҲãҲ˼ŶίһҪȥ
XXXݲμӴýģίѡݹһŷ⣬
ûнӵ˼ͷϣˡ

ᣬûвμӣһбҪμ𣿺˵ίڻ
϶ԻƷ飬ί˵Ҫ˵ˣл񽱵ɡ
ǣͲ˵ˡĳԱһź߽ʼ
ĸ߳

XXѧڽˣٿʢİ佱ᣬίǺ
Ƕϯ̨Ҫ쵼˻ѴίǸһӣ
һӣ˵ôרҵࡢӿֳ˴
ѧ˲Ű

ţ

ţԲʮ꣬༭20ˡձðΡţԲݻ
һţţࡣ

˵ŵҲûɶ£뿴ţ༭һţ
ƢûţƢţ࣬ҲӦģ˼ţѽһ㣬
֪ܲձı༭Ųɷã;ò˳㡣ʲôѽũ
ѽСΪɶеǮĵλ쵼ҵڱ¶¶
¶УֻҪǮλĨ⣬ǻ˵ѽձı༭
ţԲţ޳ԵࡣԶˣͰԼҲԳţˣ˼ҡţbianţ
bianؽУ˭֪ǸbianʲôbianȴΪ裬
ֺǺǵؽˡ

񵱱༭ĳɷ磬༭ѽȥ˿ûУ
һ¡ţҲˣҳ顣һţԲƷѡ
ݲ˵ҲգһĿ֪ˡһţԲݾѡţԲǾ
ðı༭յһЩߵľöˣҲͻдˣ
νûԹ⣬Ҳ͹˼ɣɴ࣬ͽСţ
ࡷʲôݣŶһЩдţϰ巢ƵıѧһЩ쵼ϰд
νľġö˶ţ֮Աǣ룬顭롭
ǮǮˣ˭飿

ֵǣţԲݵˣԼĻ˵ҳ鲻׬Ǯҳ
˳ŵѽϸһ룬ȻˡţԲƷ
ҲãţԲݾѡҲãţࡷҲգûţ
ѽţ˭ţǱֽΣžøɱȨ
ˣţӡ˼ᣬ׬˼Ǯ

ţ黹˽еġһ̡񽱴˵ţԲݵ
ͨ׶زгùɣΪеľ÷չ˾޴Ĺס
Ŷ⵹һ飬Ҿͷǳ뿴ˣûҵⱾ飬ţҪ
˵ûˡ̫źˡ

û뵽һվɷϱֽ̯طⱾ飬Ҫʶ
Ǯ̯˵̯˵͸㣬ëǮջģúأȫ
ģиλһӸ500ûʱ̯߶߶ģæⱾ
顣

Ȼͨ׾ģ飬ҵһۼľǡнж
ԭ򡷡ٺ٣Ȼͨס

ѡ

Эʮûˣϯ뵱ȥ˳
˵ʲôϣӹ¡˵ʲôҪữ˵ô࣬
һ˼£ϡҲǵģ⼸ĳɼȷС
˵һЭϯǵҲ񡣵ʵأʮ긱
ϯǸϯϯʮǰһƪС˵ȫ󽱺
ίǷĻ˲ҪáƸ˸ϯҪʮ
л᣿мЭᣬֻȺŻΪר
ְϯţЭϯȻרְϯм
˼š˵ϯɣ֮ǰ±ĳص
ȥˣǣҲ·˳ǣרְϯ
Эϯŵһ壬ôһʮ꣬ʮ
˽ʮꡣ

ֵ֪ԭ򣬻ôģ֪ͨЭᡣ
쵼רЭһλᣬֱԼϯ̸˻Ҳ
֪ôԱ˵ģ̸˼ףίѾˣ
죬£ϡҪﱸٿ

׼ٿίܸˣ쵼ˡ
ؽСۺ˵ġǻԱѡ£Ȼ»ѡ
ϯϯʵЩӣʵ˵ɣ֮ǰ¡ϯ
ϯˣ͵Ȼһһ˳ȶѡ£ѡ
ȫѡѡϯϯʱ˵⡣Ȼǰ쵼˻
ר˵˼˰ɣƱ룬զ죿쵼
Ϊˡ

ǽˣͬ־ǣǶң֪ʶӣԻҾͲ
˵ˡһĵԵˣ˵
ֻҪҪСҵĻԭҪú
òֻüˡ

ǽ껰ѡ¿ʼΣƱĳƱĶҪˣϯ
Ʊ£ƱӺ󣬽ˣѡ֮Э
ϯְ˵ƸǰϯΪЭϯһ
䡣

ѡٽˣԴϲϵˣµû£쵼Ҳ
뼯֡磬ѡǿǰɹ


һֱ

                            Զ

ֵ˻켣ڲͼ֮ʣԸڴ̸̸ʲôǲͣһ
´˿̵顣

һʱ䲩͵ضԼ˼͵һʲô
ҵʲôãһ⡣

Ҳ⡣


ѧ

˵ѧˣѧֲҫһ
ʫһʣԾڼϲ۵С˵
ɢģ벩ͬõĺȲʣѵϿɺ͡

źǣϧʱ򲢲ĮȻ֮ͬʯ
󺣣޻

ϸҪһֿѧǳ֣ͨ׶һĿȻѧ
ƷȻܵ


˼롣

˵˼ˣŬʹԼĲ;ĵ˼룬
£Ϊеһݡּɬ۶۵ţƪ
ۣһֵĵʹ

ֲ͵˼ȴٻ˲͹·͡

ϳŸҥԺͿţһȺȺķ࣬һ
Եġȼպӡ˼ײûвӦеĻ𻨣еֻǷ
ԵӺ


ߡ

һѱ飬һᡣһ̾Ϣһһ˵Ŀұ졣С
һģ޲ðѼĴ̳򷭣Ǻ˵һģ
⣬νײ裬޲ַ˵һһ飬Ҳᷳ

һҪжһҪзһҪͬ飬ûҪ
ͬãһߡһ䣬һ䣬˵ҷϳַǷ
ֺǴ˼ˣ衣

ͱϾ˽أȻһߺȣҵĵ
һɲˣÿģ˲Ŀģλפţ̵ģ
ڴаŵģڶഫһʱ䣬Ƿɰʯռ


֡

˵ֵȷʵҪһ־Ϊдֱ˵ͬʱ
ҲҪԼʹԼֱ˵ͬʱ֡

֡˻𡢿ѣײ𣩳Ϯѡ

ܶţһѪģǰһ֮У
һδҪķ裬һ־֮벻ֶС

ʵʱҲҪ

ԹвУز̺·زܱһ֣
һֱָҵһִ󳹴ľѣһʿ

ĳЩ˵ѧ˼룬ߣһͶ
ңֻһֱ

ҽѲһĿռ䡣

һֱҲܲᳱĳЩ
˵˿ҾͺǣҪ

ʱһԸһʱһ˼룬
һְĽʱҵıһһֿհף
һ꣬һֿߣһǻѪᡣ

ҵĲ;֯ǰ

û̫Σȴ̫ʵûбĺˮû
ǧͺеһۼЪȪ

ҪͻӿԼȻСȴδɺԹ

˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ֱŷ

                             Ϊ

һ٣ȫҾȲصϷӢ׶صķɻ׼
ͣ죬ٴӶ𺣸ۿʼʮֱŷС

˵ӡȺչ˾ķɻŦԼʱ˼Сʱ˵Ƿɻ
ӡȷʱͳˣ簴ԭʱ䷵ԱûгֵʱϢ
ֻùԹԵصںûʦú˯һ˭Ҳϣڴ
մ˯ǲǣ

ڵȵɻˡԲĿսӡɳ¶ŶƤǰ
ȥΪڡӡȿ׼ζƬȴǵ
һγ

ԭΪŦԼǵ׶ص·ߣȻɻɺһֱ
ɣô󣬾ӢƽĵͼϿ
˸Ȧӣʵܲ롣ͬŦԼֱɺҲȡ
ӷɻϿ̵ıѩأ뵱ʱŦԼһ
ʦ˯㻹ǶԵġ

׶

СʱķУټСʱʱ׶ϣ˼޻ʱ
õ峿ҲڵתӰ죬ŦԼʱҪ໨һС
ʱ׶صʵЩܶŦԼĽѣס
յҲɴΪӬŦԼ񡣵ȻҲпʹŦԼ
Ӯһǵģ׶۾޷ŦԼȡܵľƵҪ̫ߣ
ǾԼڻԼס׶ҵһңÿÿҹ
ʮӢȻ´̺͹ϴּ׼֮
Ǵһҷִûͷ͵ǰ̨ȥҪԱִӿɳ
һңǰйסĳꡣˣסͻ
ﲻΪ׶زҵ˵֮ˡǴȺ
ŷ޸ضڶȼٵѧһΪʱ˯Ҿõſڿ顣
һȺߴߴŮҹι÷˵Bon soir.Ϻã
һķ϶ķеˡڶʱһһλĸ״
Ůŷ޸ص׶ҲǸСʱḷ́úܡ
ĩһˣҳ㷹˵ңԶŦԼʱŮ
ϻĿ⿴ǡ

õһŵλüѣžǵվ־
ȻݡòȻչƷƺŦԼȻݷḻΰĽ
ֻûԻͶݡ׶صĲһƱѡǼ
ٳȺӴŲͬУѧŮˢˢķȹׯֿɰŦ
ԼǼġ

־͵ĺ¹԰г
ŦԼ빫԰ˮ򡢲ݵظԿǿԷſɵرܣ
ҵλɳյ̫̫Ľѡŷ޵Ĺƺͬ
Ҹ˹¸ĦǿԴҡڵسκ̵ꣻڵ¹
֣ǵһοһֻСȮȻһһ˫۾
ڷնһŮڽͷĳĹͬһֻӷ裬
һһڵسԵòֺһĻĿɿڴǵ˿ܻ
ټְɡ

ҶӺŮӢӢʮֺ档ǻõģһ
ǻֶôʵĲͬĸȤǲֵġTo LetĴʲô˼
⻹ϰǡʮǰյѧʱһ¾
űֽϵⷿ绰I understand that you have a room to let. 
Is that right?ҵʱӢĹص˰ɣĻشȴǣWhat?
٣ѵӢıƵ鶼ȥˣйĽشͳ
ӢӢ۵ӢжҵӢﲻˡǵøյ
ʱڴѧͼʹԱȥW.C.ôߣ⣬˰ͷ
˵I want to wash my hands.ʹλС˽ҵ
ŪһҲΪǱԺҲ˵W.C.ˣΪ
νˮһ˵ǹʱ˵ε׶أŷֵ˻
W.C.ábathroomrestroom˵ȥֻ֪Ӣ˰ѵ
Ϊtubeβʵϸеǡundergroundsubway
ǵͨѡ

˵׶صĵʮֱݣƱ۱ŦԼ˲١ѹθһ
ҪǼ۵Ϣʱ̫̫ķӳǰôˡ׶խխ
ĽֵˣȮе÷ɿ죬ûʱƣ
Ǻֻȳķ¹taxiէȥӣȴʮֿ
˺⡣Ǳ¥ߵ˫ʿݵСϹ
ȥʹЩէ˿Σоɽȥ
ЩþŦԼЩеȻԾ˰׶ؾ̾ѡһ
ƻʱ֣վֽվǰĽͷеþȡ
ŦԼ٣ֵƽֱȺƶֻжϱ򡣶
ʱ˵ط׷׵ȺӲ֪δ˷֪δ˷ȥ
ŦԼ˸ΪĴҴҡ

׶֮Ҫϴˡ׶άǻվ𺣸۵Ļ𳵽
СʱǸ߷ʱε˼Ʊÿ˫̽ʮӢ˵Ʊ
ıǶԸ߼׶صĿ𳵵˶𣬻һ·ͷûаʿ
Ҫһһȳ⳵ȻнСʱĶ࣬
ˣֻĵȴһȾһСʱ⳵ӵĳ̣Ҫ
ʮӢҡڳ˾ôõΪûٶһЩ˵
е˵ǲ٣ͬʱҴڸۣһʱæòɿû
һｫһ˵Ҿ
ҪӢ˾ǼְһһӦ
һɢ

λ˾Ŀأ಻Զ׶˵кܴͬڴ
ոˡʿ˽ӴǵӢĸгǸ
ң˿ڵҲǿ󣬵صĿû̫ڴ
λո̸⡣ʼ˵ոӢͲͬ
ȥ籭ǻǵأ⵹ȷ¡



˴ǰһӣܵӰ١Ѿcruise֣
Ȼ֪϶Щȥ׶ع˼ʡԼõӣȴһ
˵еĸȻӢĿʶһ˵buffetһ־ͻ۾
ǵĶξ䷢һְֱbuffet֮ΪϡϷԣ
ڴϳʮġϡôñˡ̫̫˵Ӣ
ãզѧأһ⻰Ҿ֣˵СҿԿߴߴ
ʮ꣬ӢĻǰƿӴסֻϹһĸɨä뾫ͨӢģ
ǲڽϵڶӢĵ˵ǡwindfall
˼һεԴģĵ˵ǲıϡ

Ų䱦ţNorwegian Jewelؿǧ࣬ϹԱһ
ǧ࣬˾һźǴе۹һ£Ŀǰԭ͡
ʳƷ۸ǵ£ֵӪ˳ɱܸߣ׬˶ǮҪ
ϵλʹ϶ĳ·һƷᣬһ
Ʒᣬ󽱡һŷŷÿռıؽϴŷ
˱˻ܺȾƣÿٷƲ١ҪշѵģǳΪֵ
һҪ롣

ֵĹԱ󲿷ǷɱŮǱ磬һд󲿷
ʱ䶼ںƯֻһع봬յķԱ졣
ÿһǧһԪ˵ȥձϸɹø٣Ű˰Ԫ
ÿܹûĩÿ칤ʮСʱϲӰࡣխĴ
̴̣ϰ˰յĸомڶڻ
ˡʳ޲ûǮҲý˰ÿµһǧһǾ׬ģ޴
ȥȫûؼҵġɱصĹһһ
£ڷɱңϰĴϹʮҵġ
ʮϧݹڿҿңÿϣ´ʱܶ
ǵĹԼ䡣

ǵĴʻͷӢϿȥһӢ
СͧǵĴһŵͷءҲ½ϡɱӢһ
ڡһοͿ˴ʣǷǷ𣿡ѿڳǡ
һشôϣΪһλȥģʾлôһл
е飬ƭ˼ҡǸø첲Ҳܻش˵ȻҲ
ûʥķѵӢϿǱɣ

һһҹڱϵĺУڶұ߼˵ƹ˸½أ
ǵˡɴ˴ƹתͷ£Ҫʻ뱱޵ĺ
ˡ糿һֱڵ֮䴩Уľɫɼвٹ
Ĵֻϻĵ˵糿в˵԰ȥ
ϰࡣһֻСȻҡڵǴ󴬵ıӵºᴩһ
Ҳ˫˽ԷٶȣֲֻһͻȻ٣Լֲ
֣·˫Ҳѣల¡

ϵǳеĹҡȻͬŷˣȴŷԪ
ҶСʡ˿ʷǱ˿ʣͨáν
ң˰գ߸һ˹Ҹʧҵܱ¹
нˮߡ˵ߵ˰71ǿֻϰ
һƿ׵Ǯˡ˹¸Ħһ޹ķģ˵
һСѧʦĹʴÿǧŷԪͷõĲǧŷԪ
ͺܲԣ֪ŷ۹ξĿáڷ
ƷĻ̯ϼйıСҲǾëŵĻɫ
ҪŷԪڰ̵ֵҼһģһ
ǰŦԼģļǮȫһҪŷԪҲ˵50
ҡ׶ǼԼϰԪһأŷ޹ֻ
ԣڸв֪ǣǾͰɡһ
µûϵŷ޵ط˰ͬ

ﵤ׶籾죬ֵĩοͽûʲ
ôˡǺǳǶȼȥˣǶԼҵСͧɹ̫籾
һߴһ־ĵĸо걻ΪȫʺϾ
סĳУгر࣬ûпر֮˵
г֪Ǹ߸ʹȻʧȫ⳥
˵һͶ´Ҷ򵥣͵Ĳʹ
Ĳ飬͵ǽȥá

ǴͣͷԶˮߣǼ˴ȴС
һλοʹ˵ôСһΪŮ
֮һءζЦȷĳһд
Ѿʱlarger than lifeɡͬͽͯ
һ˿˵οȥԴνȥۡ
жϣشԲ顣

뿪籾ʻ֮Ŀ纣ţ׳ơš
Big Belt BridgeϵĹ㲥˵սʮϵڶţ
ϴձ⻰ҵȤΪ֪йոս˺纣ţ
ӦһȡؼҺһϣŷִѾˡ
ĺȫ36ȴһ

˵ҪţοǶ׷׼װࡣǵĴӸ߸ߵĴ
֮ʣֻһ׶ǻEverybody, tuckҵͷӢ
˵Ĭ鴫

ڶʱӢһλ˵˻Ҫʼˣ
˵˽Żва»ᡣʲôɿģҪȳߡϹ
ĻҵȤһλ˵ţҪϹ㵱
еĻҲ뿴ҲһƬ絽ȥ

ͼݣӯšһӢд飬С
˵³ŵй·һ·
ľѩɽֹݵصĳػ⣬ȴλӢд
Ĭһдй˵йòˣ
·飬Ⱦһ;ıסˣǴ
ȥһ⡣λйս뾯򽻵Ǽҳ㷹
ǶλƤҲ̧˵ٷϻȾ񣡡Цֲһ
ȥ

ϵͼݾȻв飬Ŷο͹׵İɡҲ
Լ鿴ӽ˻䡣ȼḺף㵽
һεļֶΪ죬ȴûзҹ׵ϡ
պҪҸĵһ£ǲǱ֮Ʒ


֣

һҹ糿˵¹һСۣСʱĻ𳵣
ֱ֡ϵĳԱǸѧСӣ˵׼Ӣ
Զɷнµ׶ǻ˵е׽ءѹ
һѪСŮλԱ죬ƨƵܸ
棬ÿͷƻСһġ뿪һ͵ʣ
ҵbig brotherû

û׶ӵͬԵôڶսڻ
ΪƽأԴ󲿷ֽµġ˵Ҳ֣Ȼ½У
7ˮ˹ӣRiver SpreeѺᴩ֣;ܶྰ㡣

ǷֺܶŷǶһǶ׶̩ʿӡ
ɺӡάҲɺͲ˹ж觺ӡӡʥ˵ñߺӡɳ
ά˹ͼӵȡͬע벪ѪʹЩȡʮ
ǰйʱοͣȥϺϲһǶϲ
ϺͬǣΪϺֽ

ֵθĴֻ׼êΪӵ׻жսʱµˮ
סǳ˵СͧվŷĻվǽӲŷ
ŷ·Ŧ־ǵ¹Ĭ˶˰칫ĵط
鱤ѧĬ˶ĵطλ¹һΪ󣬲
Ļѧڣͷ¶棬ī˶˵ľְóϯ
˵˷ʱ䡣

֣սĶսǶ㲻Ļ⡣ܰѶֹ
ߡλΣһλ£һλ£ȥǲĵˣ
ڲˡǲι˱һΰǽڰǽƵ
֮ǰǽɥŮһСǽƤƷ۽
ǽص¹ⷢһʺơ

ˡվCheckpoint Charlieǵ
ڱǹʵ۶ӵĵط񻻳ɴŵԱӿǮ
ӡҪࣿշһŷԪʷΪЦ̸ν̾˼䣬Ϸ

ǱҲοͱȥĵطͬһ֤Ű
ĽʷһֱǰֵŻǽ¼Զĵطᴩ
ΪѶԿս֮ǽѲǱŻ鶫֡Ҳ
ǣվ˰ֵļȴλһࡣ֪ʱǷΪ
˵ÿüһֱ졣ǽƵ
ڲǱŵ࣬Ϊɵǽ
ҲȥչĽֵͽռǰܡǽƵ֮󣬴
½һһδѵĴŮӿ֡ԲǨֺ
ʹҲ´ʹݾŵİǽڲǱǰ
ǿǹӶ۾ĵط

Ѿû̫ˡΨһʶǷй糵
طһǶ֡ǰҲй糵ΪϿٵĳзչͲ
ˡչĶȥӶԱڷ˹
ˣ˺ڲѡ

Ǵһվǰɳǵ׶֡ٲ޵ĺά
ǺͰɳǰŷɫļ˹͹Ϊ
С˴󶼽𷢱ۣ߱ŷ˵ǵ˶˹
ƤӰ𪣬ͷɫġ

ɳСߡ׶ְڷԣǸ˿ڽ
ʮСǣΪɳǺ³ǡؾס³ǣɳοͿ
ġԣһǳһŵڴʯ̳ɵĽֵϣżɱ
羰ĳХŷ͡ݳĽŷ
ŷŷķһǴи㳡ļУµɽĽã
Ű˰ٶ̨ʰϣ¥Ķˣֵȫɫ
ķһࡣݽĸʾܣһֱʮȫŷ
ߵĽáŷԪƱֵá

ش·ϣŷ޳еĹͬɫ˳ڱ༸дʫ

һ
й糵ܡ
ɫÿۣ
ש·˽š


˹ʥ˵ñ

ǵĴжͣһ죬ʥ˵ñͣգ˵ص
ҪЩϴΪ˳ԷҲ㴬ȷ洬
Һлᵽһ·ֵҫġ

ʫ˵ʥ˵ñǡŷ޳ŻȻ
Ī˹ƣɸϲŷĳСĲʲά
սȴϲŷ޺ɳĻǾشţǨĪ˹ơ
һȱΪյĵطԾŻϢ˵ôۺͿ
ջʺĵȻڽͷڶǰ㳡ϵ
µСˡ

ǵһĽĿιĹȥδʥ˵ñ
߹հ˹գߺӲʱԲͬ˳ǰֵԵúܳ¾ɣû
ʲô½в˹ʱġߵľ¥һһС̨
ʹʮǰ˺ܶɫļ׾¥žôѧġ

ûи·һƯװŮӣ
ǵĴͬٶڿӿݵıšһ͸
һ׷ʵûʲôÿģֻòаعĸ߸
Ьƹϵˮӻʺȥأǲ
ԼʮӺֻһŤ߽һҷרꡣͱͰ
ߵĶʣ˵Ļ򳵵ģӲ˼ػش𣺡
ģҲҲǡ

˹Ҳ׷ҵʻĴ󳱣Ϸǡ͵Ʊ
Ƚǡһ⣬ָһƬ˵й˾
ڰǽлġʷʮӶʮֵ
й˰ﵱġϴ硱Ƿˡ

Ĺڽ⣬սʱ¾ռ졣ʱƴسǽ꣬Ӳû
õ¾ԽǳһӴ˵¾ʼܣǰĹ֮һ档
Ǻԭ͸ģ޸ĹڽС渻ûʣǽ
ǻƽ죬еǽ󡣵βҪǵЦ˵
ʱλָ׷Ƿлɫʣ˽ԵԹһƽ۴

ζһɫŮȻӢп൱ʱ
ǡôĬƶӢϵĴѧҵ뵱йӢ
ϵҵʵϰʱҲΣδκְҵѵȥ¶ڵʱй
ûСһ˵ȥοͲΡ

缯Ͳ͡ڳԹδϴ˵ʵڲҹ
άÿһ㼦⡢һ׷ټһСɫûˣһԴ
˿źԭΪҲ͵ϣڶڱ𴦻ǳͬĶ
ÿεˣŶڷǮˡ

ȥʥ˵ñӡֻڼʮǰӰ￴ĶͰܽ
Ѳ󽢣ӰƬʮ¡׾Ŷĸߴǽǹ
ս龰ӡ̡ȥ·ߺϼ˲ʲά˸
ֶܽѲ󽢡˵ϵİֵȵꡰʮ¸һ족
ҪڳδĹܵĵ¾ݲУԭﶼ
áݵ˵ȷڶ¸ʱΪ칫ص㣬δ
ǹսʮ¸ڽϷǳͻ˶ʮˡʱ
һȺĲһǹһͽеͶеʧ䣬ʮ˼
ʹʮ¸ԭѴ֮

Ĺһ۲ߴΰ¥ȴѤ˵
겼ʲάʿǵһν붬ݻ𾪣ǽҲγ
ˡջʺرϲײʣڶײչ
ԭȥڻϼĿáһչй
Ψһι۵Ĺжмչɼ
ջʺƫ

ڶĹ㳡ϣǻʮԪһưС
ƱһЩӲҡһСذףһǸй졣ܺû
ޣ̵￴Ҫܶࡣ֮⣬һֶ
زƷƷĳһƬɫ껹
أæƲ壺ңҪרҼĴѧʡλร
ɡ


ն˹¸Ħ

һվǷ׶ն˴ҵӡһ
йء

նֵһȥľָͷùǾȡ
μŵļƻԼ´ߡСȫʯ·ҪҲ
ˡȻ֪Ҫʾ˵жôϣߵﶼǸһŵһ
ģʵڶӰ졣նֻʮ˿ڣ֪ΪԵ
˺ܶࡣ

ߵһССľƵֻ꣬ȺؼſڡһΪ
ĳŷ޻أһʲ֪Princeڴ˵ݳ뿪
ڴ˵ȴ¥׼һ٣ΪСȻûPrinceĸ
һǰڲסֻ۾ݵӡŷ
ȻϵﶼƲĻԾԾءԸԸر
ǣűˡ

ںնͷͥѣŮҪȥгҪιʯ
áǾֱ·ŮȥгʿȥáӴӽ÷ʱ
ߵһֿڣҺȻҼϵıקһ¡ҿʼеգ
Ȼͷһʮŷģİת
·ҷвڣѱǮ
Ѳɣ

·һ۾ǷҪæҪҪҴ绰졣
ʲôãֻİĹٶСʱҪ뿪ˡлĺ
⣬ææشһȫޣȥ·û׼Ǹ۾
Ҳһģ谭ȥ׷ϰ̫̫֡˵ö
ôҲǣΪԼܵ˺;ñ˶Լе⡣ǵ̫
̫һڵ¥ݣһǰ赲ɢעһ˽
Ǯȥǰһ֮󼪣һޱҪҾ
ҿܻǸ۾ĺ⡣

ش򴬷ҵľͬ飬Ѵ绰к
ÿ˾ϵʧϾʾοʡݾ˵Ѿ
𰸼ܿͬһŻǵ֪д󴬵ָۣ˵ӵ
·ʩչ֡

ңԶİĵطƬͣҵļյ˽ƷһѪ
ǮԶڿҲĵطˣѻ𻹾ùֵֹģ
һɱŪĸоӿԭֻ˵ŷִ
һȥŷѡŷ·߱Ƚϰȫû뵽ˡŦԼʮҲ
δ¡ŦԼļһǿܶӲģ͵֮տԲ
ͬն˵һЩ洫漼ܣǳԾڵкһ
ҡҵһͬϵȹ·һ򣬻վͱ
ˡܵݷųӣһԭǱ˻յġ

Ǵһվ׶˹¸ĦҪʮĸɣ
ˮ½ضࡢű·ࡢȳࡣˮһɫĿ
ϲοͶ˵ĳ˹¸ĦǵĸоʣΪˡ
󻻸ô˵صǻƴҡ

ں£ǻĶΧСưǰС
ǰѾ̸ЦԵĲ࣬ȵҲ࣬ĿƽͣЦݲãż⿴ˮ
ķĳŷ޵ɼܹζŷ˷ɵ̬
ܹǵȻ⣬ҾԶȲι۶پ㡢Ķٵһ
Ƭ塣


س


ǵĴ뿪;һվ˹¸ĦҪ׶ˡڲ޵
ذ岼С䴩Сϵ˵аǧ졣е
Сֻ֣еĿɼӺͣС֪ϵԴνġ
̫̫һλοڼװԿʼ족ЩСҪ
Ǹ㡣ÿԴҵĿͧȥϰ࣬Ǯ͵
ˡ߿һϣʱλŮʿѾʮ
죬δֹ

ŷʱ伫Ҫҹʱ֣賿̫ˡ
ڶ෴̫ӦӦûûȥЪˡѹֱŷ˶
̫ܵʱ⡣ºͺ͵ģ
ʱϻҪˬ

ڼװϿҹգǼΪ顣ŷĺˮһ㿴ȥȽϷ
ڰ͹ȴˮ̵̱ġǿ̫нˮе
һ̣ˮͻȻһƬտʼܻˮУˮֱ
һƬơ

һŷ֮ãȻСǺܷḻġȱŷ޾ο
˵ͨԵĻŷһѡ񡣿ȥ۳Ͷ
ԼܵмƻԤҲȽϺÿƣΪ˴ƱͻƱԺ
Щ㻨Ǯˡ֮ǰ˳׶˼죬ºý⼸
δ֮Щ

Ӷͷ׶ϣ˼޻Ǳ֪ӡȺȡˣɻ
ûдӡȷɹ׶صŦԼ˿ͶϿذ²
ڻȻʦ˯ˣӡȼ˯ˣҲĥζԸɻϵĿ
ˣĳԿﲻ֪ﲻ֪ζİˡ

һ·޻ŦԼƿ¥ţһһ


ķ

                               

1996ԪΪɽϴͷ·ЩΣл֣̿
ɽʼ˵µλܿҺˣҪҾ쵼档
˳гµλµλĴ֣뿪գ
ʮδŮԵ˫ȡպ˵Ҿͷ֣µλ󣬵쵼
ļӲС˰칫¥쵼ڣӭҵһλ쵼쵼
ץҵ֣˵Ļÿһ䶼Ҷ֪Ǹ˲ţǺ
˲ţȫƥҵDDԭĵλ쵼ڲҶ
ңֵǸø쵼һֱץҵֲţַཱུģ
ֻˮĿһᷴ˳ʱӴ
ƤΪչֳϸĽ

Сʱץҵ֣Ҹое㲻ԣʼ
λʱ˵ס

붼룺һסڵλ

һ˫˻ȥҵպ˵

ʵλﲻûпշӣһҾͻֺᷢöͷϾɼҾ
Լֻÿ䷿ӶˣȻЩ˺͵λѾȫû
ϵˡǵȡӹ̵ļ׿˼Ұͷֹһ
ܹġ

Ϊв˹ң199611ڰ˵λ
Ȼƾɣñֽ죬ԷŴԷ飬Ĵм
ڴ֮ǰѾⵥλһЩĵѵĴ£ڴڼ䣬
ϸϸؿһ顶Լֿһ顶Լ˼ҷʥ
ΪʲôҪʹֱ﷽ʽ˵

ǣڸչҵķͻȻֶһŴ޷⣬Ϊ˭
֪н֤δꡣﶸȻޱȵĻҡ

ϳϲҵˣвϲҵˡϲҵ
ɱȽ϶࣬ҵ̫ߣʲôںܵÿøߣ
иһҾЦһ粻ҵĴҵĸĸ
ҵ⣬ֵܹҵͷϡҵȻ޷˵ԼЩ·ϡ

ǵһλ쵼ͲҡҲʲôԭ˵϶ᣬ
ҪȥһΪʲô֪νͣ˵û
¡Ǹ˵ˣÿ¶ҪͣҪΪ
Ǹ˿϶ӦΪҡ

Ϊ϶ҺӲӦӵжĿռ䡣˭ȰҲ
ʮѲץ𿿱ǿŶ˵
ţ

1997٣Ҿִһƽ̨쵼˵
֪ʡøϿࡣ֪϶˼ʱҵж㱨ø
˶һҪ죬ҪݡͰŹҵƴ˳ȥ
ǽҪʼװҵѡ±ҵĹƷû
ͽƣߡΪذ峱ʪȡȽ飬͡һˢһˢӵ
Ĩ̫ѾˣҸɴƿһ뵹ذϣˢӸѼһϿ
ȻЧ˲ʮҵˮˡΩһȱǣдԼ
֮һĵذûĨͣһմӱĵӰǡô
죿˵һ

աһ̫õ죬²ýţ͸չ⣬Զ
Ķ˾ƵӰӣҡȥгǰȺĿ
ͷͷϱϣͷԽԽ󣬸оԼ̫ˣ
ͺͷزȣԽԽ졣

Һܿͻص˵λĴϣڸôȥϤϵ
ÿһòݣֱЩĬĬͷ׵Ĺϡڴ
ͷޱ߿ຣİһҧŵһʹ壡

ͻȻԴۡһ죬Ժһҵ˵ϡҵӿ
һһаСʱʲôû룬ֻǿֱһ
һƬããѩʩʩȻߣ֪ʲô

ֱԶˣӰҲˣڰƤݺݵسſ˨DDҵ
죬ǺɫģһĨʪʪģģ֪Ѫϡؿ
ĸоһģһվҸоȵĴڣµĲֺ
ƶҳˣͷƤҺⱼӿҺʱ
һд󾪡

ʱĳС鲽ˣͷȻͰ۵Բ
ˣĹֽһľͷȥĽŲڴæңһ°
СʵĸẬչҵǰ

ҵҵ˫ȣҰռһᣬ
ʲôʹȻҪǺҵϣƵ˴ϵŷ̨ϣ
Ҹƿ;Ȼûˤ飬͹ߣҰ
̨ϣʼĥ׷ʲô¡

ԭһ󿨳֪ʲôʱͣ˴룡ҵ۽
ײ˴󿨳ƨɵĽϡҵг̱ڿԱߣֳ
ڳһµ̬涼ҵˣɢһأ۾
˴һͷѪӿһ·̨ױߣһһ㣬
÷ǣûζֻеЩѪȥ
Ȼ޶˵˸УֱۡԴöסŶţҵƤŲסˣ
۾

֪˶ãںҵ֣żţƺ۵ò
Сʹ˰쾢ڰƤ˨DDǰӰӰ´¶һˣ
ϤŬ۾һ㣬У۵ҳһҵϳ
ˣҵھӴ󹨣ү۾ˡ

󹨰ԵҽԺ´һ󣬴ڳһƶĺܿ죬
ǳҿ㹻ʹչ裬ҽֻ
һλʿһҲûУǶȥˣ֪ҽԺ䶼
ˬˡҽͱҴ˶٣۽ǻϸۣߵĺѾ
ʵˡϴ˿ʱе죬˵Ĳң
֪ˣ˿ڣһüǣһƤǱġ
ҽ˵ŷſһ㣬ٷ켸룬ûݣٶٵø롣
룿Ҵϲ˵㡣ҽ˵һDD
Դעҩʵ޷ģԴųһ
õģ˵룬ҳԵס˵顣ҽ۾
ҺһᣬӰָӴս۵´ģǺã

ǣ˺ŽЭ˳ذҰ̨Ϊʹ
˹ֻܰ˫ţǰƵ̨ϡ

ҽд󹨰ںƣ׼סҵ˫ţ۵̨վ

룬õȫ԰ԼʬֻǴסҵ
ʱûʲôDDôԲغѵͶյ̫
ˣ·ҵ˫ؼ¾ơ

һ˳һ룬Ƿûպã˳ܿ죬
˽ȥһͷһȥˣǣȥ󣬶ͷһֱţ
קŵһһߣߣͣͣͣͣһҶ
ǰһֱţ鶼ûҶһ£ǣϵĺһһ
˳ȥͣϴҴææȥ죬ôô۰

Ҹʬûɶ󹨰ѽҽŲӵ˫ɿˣһ
󹨷ˣҽȴʼϿմգ
գǹƵġ룬ˣû𡣹Ȼˡ

ֶɸԥԥҵסˣ
һһէĺߣһһεصεҵϡ̨
ϣöҵ߶һ

ҵÿһĩҶѹͻȻˣΪʲôҩʵ
Դ黵Ҳʹǿ

˽һСʱһСʱ˵һСʱҽ
һ̱ڿϣ۾һɣƤýģʹ
Ƥҿһʪİʹϵ֣
ϵĺҲˮܵġ

𣿲ˣҽ۹ˣ

һվӣҿһİ֮һ
ɴµȻ˫ˮϴѪ߹ĳǵİ
죬·ʷµĽӡüƤסˣһܺ
ɴһˣҵüһأüƤ˼ֱӺ
ǾҾİңüƤǺȻ
вдͷҵһ޹顣Ҫǣҵ
ҵĻͻȻʧȥ֪رŷŰжҺʱ
ᵽֲľ庬壬ΪֹԼ۵ýгƻεУһ
ʱֻҲ˯һ·ĸ׵֪
˵Ҳԭķˡ

ǰǸз˰

Ĵ͵˨DDʱڵļиĳˡʧ
ˣң˼һԲû˵ôĶǲƨҲҪһ
°ô˵ûûˡʮ굽ʮ꣬ʮ֣һ
䡰Բ𡱣

ҺƽʱһƪҲдֻ꣬ĶҲд
֡ΪһдС˵ˣˣ˼

һֱڶλͣҲŰᵽϵһ׾׷ʱҵķһ
έʮˣѧһһߺְټټ
Լ˭æҹ´ʣдС˵ɵҷ֣
ѱһˣҲдǰˣϲ֣⡢
ɾഺ༭ҲϲѾˣһˣһں
ˡҲûһһдǰѱҪֽд
һ仰ͽˣҲܱǷ񿴵ס

߿׷񣿲׷

ϣשͷ棬ֿˡ޶ɺӣɺӡӶ
ιΣʵ̲סˣƣںڰơƿڰҪ
ۿˮһһθȥ

дˡˮů֪дˡ㡷һαҧˣ
ҧӡ

ҲƽҾúд֣дͷ֡Һ
ҵԭ˨DDȻҴľѾ㹻ԶǷ
ǲ֣رĸӲ࣬վһǽҵһһ
鲻ò˸¥ҪҸæϴ죬һĺ
ȫޡ

ұһ鷿󵽿߷Ϊ˴
˴ӡǮȻǸ⣬˽ģҲ£
ҶճģҴҴʮȻǸĿ
Ѿ԰һѹһֱֻߵڹꡣ

ҵ˵ļӲҵ

200751գľ޻İ·˭ûߣֻ鹶
ճһƬɫлдϼƽ

Ϊ˼·Ŀ̶ȣҳúڵгһֻˮ
ȳ쳤üƼ̳⣬гİ׳£һλˮƵġΪ
°ţһ·˵˺ûȥҵһһ
ڡ

һţһ°Ұһɣų˳ȥʼ
ػصסؽгصԼļҡû
ûˣһ˷ˣԼĳ
ڽǮ֦ϣѧϰĴ˶Աͬʱƨɿһӣ
ʺڵϵӰϻ÷ӿˣЦ


峿˯ɣȴ裬·Է಻С
˼䣬ʺǵ㣬һ˯ȫޣ߼
ͷţ飬ߺ˸ϵزŲԸ̨ϡֻ
һ̨Ųˣٰί̨ɢʱͷ۳
ңҵĹʽֲֻץһôĵҪ
ڷƲԣϽڿն̨һһĥȦǲԶ
ȥ룬˰죬ҳһɨѣʼ̨ѧϰ˫ǹ
½ҵĶڿţڿȥ߷˹ȥ
ͷɳһ㡣Ȼִ˻ԭۻϱˣ
ֱͣϱȥˣܿͲˣ㶼ˡˣϱǽˮ
ļңϱߵϱߣҸ׵ļ硣ҵļأ

ϱߵɽ30ǰںΣʱסڸƷ
Ƿӵݶ֣ڡߣһһҹҾ
һֻʣȵƵ͸Щ۲ϵЧ൱ãģ
λرǿΪסǰѼ̣רΪӷСѼѼϲ
ˮʱžꡣյʱʮ
ݶضǣôһ󻨱ƲӲӵĻ
һһġصм䣬ĬжŸġéΪƸ衷
һζͷ

Ҫµĺ˶дסöã

Ԫ2008718գСﶯܴ󣬺ζ̵˶
㡣һޣǵ̨СԱΪ˼ӵˮվ
̨ȥ¥ͷһһӰ̨ϵǿ
Ů˶üղסķţ
ʮǰʱϷɣЩӰӣΪ˴ֱһף
ýõ塣

Ȳ̧컨壬컨һֻ룬
¥µЩŬóһ㶯룬
룬Ӧ͵ȥͷ˫ۺڡҪ˫
һ˦ȻһӲ·𴥵˸ѹߣһԭأ
ģ¶»ĻѩҴһȽ޵׵Ԩ־
ܾ󣬰żǴͷƤëһһˣȫƤ
״աһʪˣˮżȣŻϸϡ

ҽڴĵƹ۾tԶգ˺ڣ
ڡ޾ĺҿ˺üϤЩ˺ҡһ
ĨǷ˺ڵľͷЩûкףûӡ

֪еĲˣеҵĻˤ
еĳ˴⣬еڵȴϵ񻯡

ͻȻ³ѸĻһˡ

2008.8.8

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

԰

                                

һر

1938°꣬ʯѡ׼ɽ´ɽ˫šҴӡʯһ
޽1939׹ϣҪԱǰףأϯɭ
԰أ̾ѡʯΪʾԹԪ׵Ĺ˳ʹ
͸ɭΪ԰ɭ19438
ܵ𶯾ţѪȥ󣬽ʯǨ԰ס1¥ס2¥
3¥칫ͿãɭݱΪ4¥ɭĹ19447԰ڽɡ
1945828գë󶫡ܶɵȴӰɸμӹ̸У
԰2¥ʯ԰дᡣ1949԰Ϊž
ͨѧԺУ԰ĸУɭĹը٣ʬҡ1979й
ɭΪһҡ19803ɭĹ
ƾĹǿյġ

ͽɨ

19671027գɸľɭʱӦ԰
412ӣͨѶѧԺΪԺɺ췴žٰвɲѧ
ϰƱ桱 ˾ʮͷͷμˡ

˾ͨűѧԺɫ췴ǹȥ棬ó
ɽӸȥοݳóɽӡӵݳУ
һɳ᳡ץԱʯͷӵӣѧԱԷΧһȦ
ԱϷҲз˫ӿڽǷչ򶷣ݳǰ
ɵ˷׷뿪815ɳԱЩȺֳһҲʼȥ
ǾȥȽϰȫĵطȥţ׼һȥҽ
ָԱսʿ棬ˮ˴ǹ
ָԱ˵һҪ赲סžͱͻ˵һڣ
ڶڣҶָԱ˵һ뿪ȽϺãָԱǳΣ˵
һҪһȣǶİȫΣΣյĵ뿪ȥΣ
աžһųִģûн
ɣɡûãԽԽףһ棬
žһҪִоǲټˡȻǳǹ棬
ǹ죬˶Էǹžܼǹһ֧ǹ
Ⱥ䡣˵һҪˣָԱҲûа취ɻƴ»ҴӺɽ
߳һӣһƬ˵ѪеϻŮ
УȫǴװģжʮˣ¥ϼսʿѳǹϣ
ڵϻ˺ںҪ롰Ѫսס

Ҳ߹ӣ񻹲̫ţһȥľԱŻˣ˵
˵˿ɲۣǴӪ8ɽɽû·Ǵӹľм
ȥ󾭹һƬũҰѾ½Աִϣɽ֮
±ˮʪ͸ˡɽ͵ѧĺţҾһĹ㲥ڽУ
׵ͷͷ412䶷ڴҽž͸Ⱥ50ˣ
³ʱѾҹˣһĹ㲥ȫˣͬһǻߵ
СʱѧУ׳һмոǣϳʱͿʮ
ľȫװ߿Ǿһ·ϸ·Ǿ
˵ʮıȥˡ˵ǹ
ҶӢŮ¼32ˣ53ˡ

˵һΪץѱžפѧԺӵפر
ķɸˣפأִСȰЧʱ
ǹ裬ش

ڶ˵˫ӿڽǷչ򶷣ݳǰɵ˷׷뿪
815ɳԱЩȺֳһҲʼȥʱѾ
ľսʿͻȻȺһǹԺĿյϵ
һƬ˾ɢ

˵ʱǹɷ磬ɴӲӡⷿǹ֧Ѹװ
Լֵ֧ܲ815ɣǰ͡ѧԺ815ɲѧԱΪ
ǹôףŲɣƺǹҲⲻ֪
һֱ815췴ɣԺУϵͳڳɶܣͷԲ
ǳɶ֧815ͷ˼빤ȫܵ÷
´ᣬһ£ɨ䣬ȺһһƬһƬ¡

19671027İֳԺǸԺӣƽ
мǸ򳡣һЩսʿָ³Ժӣ׷ɱ
Щӳȥˣ˾ԺЩˣ޺˲
һǹԶʬ壬ڰˮ

ЩڹĴµͷ̧ͷͬ¡ͬ
ǺݵĿ۶ɶʹ˺ݶ̶̼ӣϰ˵
ǰҹл׷ɱȥΪԶԶԣںţɱ¾
֮ʵ۶룬Ȩ

ԺѾȥ׷ϵ˶ԺĶЩ
׵ĴЯǹ֧ҩҴҵܳѧУţʧڸɽ
ҹɫ֮С

º󣬰ɶ˾Ա˳ָʾĶָԱ
飬żɲ飬ȫװ١˵ҪԱƽ
ͥУö֪ƺ֮û潻򹫲
ֽĺɫܻг޿֣ṫڽ

1949Ȩ֮ʣ1127ɽµİ׹ݡӶ
ɱ300ͽ18ĻȨеҹ5ɽ
԰ɱȺ˰ٶˡʱһΪҴ䣬
ɽɱɽѪдʷڱ졣

815ɱߺţֳչ㲥߽УСɢƬ
棬ɱħﲻɽιۣٵλ֯Ա
ɽ˵ǵҲ֣ȫֻϷҲĿԺͣ
ʬ壬һǴԼʮߡĶ̷ʱеĲɫ
׾㣬һŰϣ˯һӵ
̫Ѩ룬̫ѨһһڴĶһһ
ˮأˮ沢10ʬ壬Ƕûд·ֻϸһ
Ͳס¡СϵĲλЩʬĿ̬꣬
ȥ˯жӴˮǰ߹е˶űӣ˱߿
ᣬģ︣ɢŨζѬġ



СҼңȫ˺𾪣Ż谵8ӫƹܣ߿Ƭ̾
Сʱһ볤ģǴһЩǻ
һҺܻ֣ȫһ볪裬úܺǾǳҸϽ
ȥ񣬾Զı׼30꣬ͷ˧װ췴ң
븱ϯľ񡣶衢˾ʹϲѯ
йĴ¼

ֳʡѧңɽˣ1900廪ѧ׽칫ѿ
˼ɡһࡢԴ˵ͬѧϰ1922
תϾѧ־ѧũ10󳣵ʹѸζѧ죬
ũ˶ʿѧλعμʿƽҵ
֣Ϊѡ֡1936꣬Ӧʵҵ¬Ƹ룬Ĵ
չ޻ҵս󣬳ʴӸʡѡ֣泵ˡð
ջըΣգԼҹرȫأ̶ھͰȫĴ80
ϵֻɳ½޸֡йɴʷ
ʹմ󷽾Ĵõ˸ΪսʤԼ
1939꣬Эʿｨй彨ѧԺƸΪũѧϵ
ڼϵΡ

ƾҽңˣྩѧУ罨ѧԺ
УСѧУԸ߼֪ʶӷỵ̂Ⱥ10Ů
55Ůϴ

ʿ1923꣬лƽٽᡣƽ̻ѡӱΪ
ʵ彨˶Ⱥӡʰƻ
Ȼӱ¸ҪǴĴƻļ
սڼ罨ѧԺӺӱǨ챱գЪؽѧԺ
30Ķ;˾˽ѧԺӵУСѧһұ
ѧԺĴ񣬸һھӡڼŮ࣬أ衢˾Сʱ
򾭳ǣͷǵĴ׳ƹͷ򡣽ڷˮ
ӳԺòݣι޶Һĵܵܡü̳

罨Ժռƽ˼룬ͨѧϰĻռѧ֪ʶ
ǡȺд600ƽѡ˰Ĵʡҥ¡
Ц60ֵϣѼʵû滭׵ȣ֯ӽũ
磬ٰջһסСԺ߷̣׷
ƽ룬ٰͥĩϳᣬһгɶӣֶ
ݳָӰ֡龰һ޶
ɤ֮衢˾ССѧֻ50ѧ
ֻͬᡢλᡢӪѧȣÿܸ㲻ͬĿĻڴ
ĸʣ70ľ˾ڻǵáθ衷ЪϪ߿ң
÷羰ٲʨɽ׺֣Щط棬档
³⴮ʱһͬ֡ӺЦȤͼ
͹ǰôֵͯꡣһҶӾ޶
͸׵ĥ̲ӣ졢ˮϸɴǣ޶ڣˮϷҡ

ϴƽȡѰ֪Եļͥϵĳ
Ȱ˶ǽСѧҵ󣬽뺽ѧУѧϰӿձʤ
ɢΪЧ͡ΪѪա4920
ͷӦٲ˾ĸʱ԰ͨѶѧԺԱɱ¾
ڳ˾º˵ֿȭֹ䶷ѡ顢¡
ͻȺǷ֮أȥɶѽԺڶǹڣֹ䶷ǰ
ôֱθˣ˶ĵطҪȥ
ӣڼʶײУ֪ǹɨӵ
׳£Ůڼ

1943밮˹̹ءѧߺͿѧһ衰
߸Թ׵ʮΰˡƺţΨһٵĶˣ
йĽ͹١19484ͨԮ

1949ĳΪ۹߹ֱ۹
ָʹйʵĻá¡ԵūšΪ
ĻսƽҲΪ۹йĹߡǿ
ɢǸ⵽Ⱥ1951꣬һ֮ݻ㣬
ָ޻ԡ¼ʹ˫ա
1956꣬ʳϯڱٿȫһְѧƹ㹤
ᣬܵë󶫣Сƽ쵼˵ĽӼӰ60ʴ
ũݡĸоᣬΪ񡱣ܾпȺһ
1978꣬йʮһȫ󣬳78䣬õƽ198911
£ʿӺױţﳣΪйƽĹףΪ
޻ҵشףףس90ٳ19924£ʻй
ũѧ䷢ľ֤顣ϵȺӣ
С

50ʿƮ⣬̩ӡȡױǡΣɵ
ƽ彨裬ΪƽҺˣ
Ϊƽ֮ɾ 19261936 ӱʡУ
ΪԺȫصﱣλ彨ѧԺУַΪ 
ϴѧ198580䣬ܵӼ
Ĵʡ1987꣬ͳΪ䷢ֹɾͽף
97굮

һθɽϵı裬Ĩ˵£ʷ
С

2007.4

С÷

                             

һ

2002Ĵر磬ʱںȴ¡¡ų£
ھȥӣһ÷ˡǹ÷أ
ãճɸû᲻˱ˡҺȴϲ㡣ӹ÷
磬Ǽ÷ϵģδ÷
ˣҲҲ÷˵Ҫ÷ѣֻҪԾ
УΪǻѽ

зŰգ绰˵ҾΡұ
ߣܲӦȻص㣬֪ϵΪҾʵҲ
֪÷ڡҾ˵֪ѰѽڣѰĺʱ
أ⵹ҲǡϪ£ᮣɣ˳΢Ҷ»ֻ
÷ȴδһ꣬˵÷ˡ

Ժ죬ҼѰ÷ˡ

ԷھݺԶ½ģСɡ£ʯ
ͤʯʯʣʩӽ׫ˮͤж£׾
Ц̸족ǵġ÷꣬ȴ÷һϺɫоʯ
񣬽м仨ˡ÷Ϊһǳɫһ࣬
ţһɲ

Էʱ䣬ô÷أ

ŵѰþĿˡƾʵĸоȥɽˮÿ£
Ҫ￴һ룬һĵط÷Ҳеġɽˮϴ´
֮֡ϴݶڣȴ԰ݣǸմӽϴ
ġ´԰ԭڶŽңǰԼͬȥ
Сһߺ̲裬һ٩˳ֵԪһ˵
ȫҵһأɼ䰮֮

ɽˮһ÷ȴûС

ʵˮѾǳǱؽˡ

С÷ˡ

ˣҲ̫źˣ



˵ССڴطԡʵһ֮׸أ

˵˵С÷ˡΪȻһ֮׸Ժܸ
еģܸеģҲǷо١١йĻ
ˣ÷ͻС

Ȼҵ÷ˡڻ԰ϡ

ݡ÷լ÷סأδһλ÷ˣСľɽ
ɽ÷÷ɽÿʱڣʿxӽ䣬ңʳ࣬
ƳХԻԡʱ˽Ԩֺ;ʿҪƼ٣
ȴܶ÷ʫף¼һ£

÷÷ɽδѰͷס
̫ɫѩش
Ծʫпྫ
ȡ͸ζͥδˡ

δ÷ǿԿ϶ˡôԪأԪͶ֮˲
ͥطʷ־˾Ķټأ÷ҵ
ԪͳȻϿᣬǴݻ˶ҲûУ÷ھˡ
͸˵ˣˡʿһ࣬е
ͳ÷ҡҴִַһ¡
ģ÷ʫҵ˺üףС˵ֻġСţپ
̲ɡѲᶽһǡΪ÷Ϊ
⣻һڹʱ乫һСǰֲƷ
ӽ÷һӽȻʫдС÷ǵȻ
ܾݴ˶϶С÷Ҳܾݴ˶϶С÷ҿԪ
÷еģǻʵ۲ִͥС÷ҲСΪֱڣ
С˶鶼Ŭÿ߿ĳɼȫж߼
÷͸С



Ҫ˵С˸÷ҲǸͺݳֺ;ǲһģ
ǵطӴˣʲôУССֲǶ԰Ҫϡ
ѡ

ȻǸѡΪҪģ÷ȻҲҪ
÷˲һ˻޹жӣҲ
÷ûжҲ֪ҿ÷ʱûдƪ֣
ûرע⡣⣬Ϊҵѧֺ;÷
޺ȻϥȴûжûжҲ׽ֻҪйһ
ǡȻ÷أҲãҲգ޷еģΪ˭Ҳ
Ը÷աҪ˵Ǹԣ÷϶ԣС
ԣ÷ֻܼһ䵹ҲҲڶˡ

ʵҲط䵹Ϊŵģ

÷ϼǺԺյġ÷أϻүأ
ԼˣǱţ졣ô10÷ţƢ
ĸ١ڣܲأ÷ɽѾƳХԻԡ
ԡɽңɽɽңҺθɽҮȲҪ٣
ֲ׬ǮҲм׬ǮҲƣҲҪɽյѽһҾ
ˣ÷Ҳֲˡ÷ֲɣͶҪΪ̡

Ҽôģ

ͨΣҼҲ᳤ã಻޷ȥˣ
ߴӴʧ˻ȥũ񡪡йĺô̾ʮ
Уôù˻ȥũʵһֱߣ÷Ҳ
ũ񡣶Ҿ͵ǰۣǻרҵأֻרҵר
Լ͵ġ˻ȥũ񣬾ûôˡ
ũҪǴ£Ҫ䤱֮ʵʵֵȣף
Ƿ÷ǼˣʹҪ֣Ҳһǹ÷
ڷǰݺôһáǴԽͺ庢ӣ߾ͻЩǮ
ٵ÷Ҫˡ

÷Ķһܶзɳԣ׷СΪ
̡ӿҼ̸̣ģһҹ֮䷢˺ơ
ŴĽǶ÷ĶҪƣʵ̫СǺúö飬
оٻϣҹҲ̫ܾˡ
һգ˹潵䵽ͷϣǶһ԰뼸
ֻܣҲ÷ҲûСΣ÷ǲḴˣ
֮Զˡ



Ҫ˵˵÷ϡ֮

й飬÷ĺûûֲĻɫ㣬
ȥȴ˾ӡйˣϲֶһٲȻԾ
Ծӣ˵˾÷ĵȻ÷
ֲȴ࣬ǰΪڹֲ÷˾Сȴ
ˡֻ֣ǲ÷ȴܵСһǰĵط
˾ׯֲջȥˡ

룬ȱˣôأҲֻ
÷ˡ

Ȼ÷ȴˡ

Ȼˣ÷ĺûȴڽֹؽϱؽ
ǣӰƽмˡڵɽΪ˹
ʱڣʲôѽ÷ɣŮ֮ǰ³
ǵ÷գϲ֮ʱͷ🣬ģҲ÷÷Сɽ
ձ飬÷ȴ˼ںܳһʱҶ
÷롰ӡͬڵسΪ÷Եʡٱ˵
Ļڼ䣬ĻǴ׵ˣȻ÷ȴһ
һǡӡӽ÷СѧαСѧͱС
ʹ飬ѩӭС÷ޡʦһ̣ڳ絽
ĳ˼ʱ򣬻ר֯ݳأڻչ͸˵
ˡȻ÷ѵÿСɽ忴ɵˣҵϹ
ǱĵСҲͬƲ⣬ĵСڵ
ʱҲδܿһ1990ݣŰˡأ
Ѱ÷ʵǡݷ𡱵ͼȴΡ



÷ôΣ˵ǹǵĻӹ
ƾһ֧ʣѾ÷õ˺ôֺֻôЩ翣
磬÷Ȼ㹻ˣ˾ͲΪϾûж
Եܿܿ͸˵ˣе˵ǶԳĸȤ
÷Ҳֻддʫ裬ڳһСֲˡ

С÷ʧ

Ȼ黹ֹڴˣʵʶ÷ˡ

ɾΣʵݣǾԺҵ÷ˣ
صɽɽһСĴӣԼ10໧˼ҡԭȲ
С򣬶Ĳ󣬽ѾСͼˡΪ
ҪɽҪаǨ̳̳޹ʲôǨˣȴһ÷
˹ܹˡ÷Ǻ÷ڴߵĵؿԣϦ¿úܲáֻ
֦ɲбϹ÷ȻˣҲˡ֮࣬
һ֦ʱأ׼һƿ

ǵһ죬Ҹ÷֦˳·ţũģֱ
ҿ֪ͻָۻĲ¡ֱҡ
ʲôʱһ㷵Ĳ

һ괺ڣҵ÷һá

һ괺ڵɽ÷ȻҡҲʼݣһ
ھһ̹Ȼ·Щ緢ˡһأ
ĶҲˣũ֮⣬˸ɲģһǰ
æװ㻨С򷢴ˣûװҲѾΪʱˡȻ
÷ȴʶǱ¶һӣһλֹסʣ

ʲôѽ

ũʶ÷ɲʶ÷Ҳʶ÷С÷̫
ˣ



ȻһЩףҪ˵÷һĻһĴͳĻ
Ӿ÷չĽǶȿС屣úЩôСʧˣ
ɽȴأ

ϸһ룬黹˳µģΪС˼ͱǰ
ƾоǰ÷ڵණʧˡǵ
λ˵ҲһԴĻʵǺеġ˵ϵ
ųǣھ÷ֻͱ𽨡ˡȱ
ʵážɡ£ȴأ

˵ɽ÷»ҪʧȥΪйΣ
ǸųߵġСǰˣɽͣͲǰأ

뵽һ㣬ұ㲻

뵽ˡ

˵ǰҲ÷Σ֮ź㣬ȴûе
ʵݡ

˵ʷҲǳˡ20ǰһСʱ
ÿڣҪϼڻؼ֡ǶЯҽ
һΪҶӣҲΪڼ䣬ɽ
ǼҪǼʮ·͹һš;İͣ
úܣǲʱҿмĺ˹ʲô
һ˵ǻȻ򣬿ɼҲǾԿ϶ǣǶ
ɽˣ˵ݺɽϾȴʶ

Ȼʱ壬ڳ򣬶Ǽ˽֪
ˡһɽ˳һɽÿ꼯ӣֵ߰
ԪǮһ꣬ѡɽˮߵĴġȻ
ǵͼߡ߹һ꣬Сٰչʱ4.7Ԫ
ļ۸ߣ˵תԺ100Ԫأһ̸
÷ꡢɰꡢġƽȵȣһһףϲҷһ
ϲͨˡ

Զ÷ʵڲΣֻҪתӲͨû
÷

ԶˣСĵطȥˡ

ȻҲ޷ˣ⻹һ

20025³
20058¸Ķ

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ө            

                               ͬ㩡

ƯŮˣ˵ǷǳżȻǳżȻһɺϡ

죬ҪȷԵʣɻҪӵ㡣
ûӣֻ߽ưĥʱˡ˵ư̵ġ

ⱩעҪ˱ơڿ̨ȡûãŮ
ŰƿƻιˡԭȣҲһ̨϶ġ

ҲенΪҸʶ֧ˣֳҿ
ЦЦ˵ͺá˵һйˣ
Ҳġ˵ǰ澡Щ⡣

ƺȵģҪҪȵʿɡҸϽ˵ĳɰ
һơȲһأԾƴǲġ

Ц˵Щ˰

ŵڶ̵֧ʱͻȻңܼҵġеӡ

ĿࡣҪǸˣʧô

Ȼţ滹ûϸˬˬ˵ʹ
ʹ²أ

Ƶسֿ;Щ졣Ҳ֣Ķ
أͳ˵ģɼԲã벻ɶʱʶˡ

͸ƵģЦ󣬾ʹ
ЩƤ˵ǳ¡̡죬̺찡˵ġ

죡ˡǴĸǳ̺졣ŮĴͷϣ
һֱĴء

ǳȥĳ̺ǳһԶ
ĳ̺ǳө桷üįĳ̺Щ裬
Ůڳںߺߣ̺ഺż

ΪˣЩнˡȻϲ֣Ҳʱڵϻ糡ʲ
ôģδЩš£Ȼλͬһ̨
Ⱦƣ

˵Ůϲ̺죬ͦΣرζ
⡣Լ׷ءĸԼʣ
ĸ裬ٳġ

ǰĳ̺죬պ̨ĻһûŨױĨںڳͷ
ɢڼͷԵ󷽡

һҲǸմɹġ

Tŵķʥءϵķ
Ҳ鱦Ʒ˵һЩй顣˵
һ£û˵ǶʲôˣҲʡ

һ֧֧̣һڿڵغȾƣҲðЩʼϲε
⡣˵˶ϲƯŮƯϲ𣿵ȵȡ

ֻһЦЩ졣룬ȶˡ

ûô˿ЦЦ˵ϲ˵ϲͷ˼Щʲôأ
ˣѾʵһι״ǹˡŮ˰

˵ĬþãĿƮ봰ɵСҽ̾
Ƶʹ

ʢ֮£֡

ȾƿľƣȻɳɢɢ
չǺʲôӣģͱս۾һ
֮󣬾Ͳѵ˵Լĸпˡ·˵ģҲ

˵ʱ򣬲ǳơҡôôģǡ̺족ôôġ

Щر


̺첻

̺úóذѾõûɶóõģ


ʵֻ̺̰̺һɵŮˡһƽƽ
ӵŮˡƽƽҲѣҲĲءһʫдǡ˵
ĸ質úܺ۾ȴ̺ġ

2004ʥǰҹֻ̺ɵʿ٣ɢɢİˡ̺
200312ºͰèһġأվںش25¥棬
Żɵҹգʧڳǵʹ۵ҵƻ˹Ӱش
ѩǵĶУֻǴʱ̺뻯һҳֽ˳
ȥĺˮʧçç˼ġ

̺찮Űè

èǳ̺ĵ缪ּˡ˵̺췢д
ӳ̺ҲøоèĦ̺ϵѪ
泩飬ֺҡ

èǳ̺Ŀᰢ硣èͦεܺɵ˵ͷ̺
èһˣӰ롣ɼǰèͻȻʧˣʧӰ١

̺ףèһߵڵĺӡɰ˼⣬ô
ϢغȻȥأèֻ˵Ҫȥϲɷ硣տʼÿ춼Щ绰
ûþˡ

̺ҹҹطĲ£ȥ߱ҲѰӰ

èĶأȦ˵ǰЩʱģɷء
һҰҰϲһ˴ɽԽ롣ȥ·߲ã˭Ȱס
˵䲻Ļ·û˻ŻʬҲҲġ

ذ̺ˡ

è˺ȥһ硣Ȼ˵ʲôҲҪ߻ҲҪ
ġǣˡ̺컽ؿ˼գƵĻˡ
ˣûгһ

ڼ绰һΪİèһžΪİè
е°

̺ˡ

˵̺Ϊǲס̺ѧʱͳˣңȫ
СУ԰һ

Ӫҵ˳̺졣˵ڵϸ档
Ƹһ꣬Ӷ300

̺еȣôߵı

˵һҪĶֻᣬɹ˾Ǯǫ̃

ȣ׼㡣

̺ͺͬѧèè˵Ҫᶼûأһ
ѧºˡܵ׷ʲôģ

Ȼ̺졢èһºͺ˼MTVר˺
صӦӲϾˡ

̺Ͱèҵ˸о

Ĺ˾ȵ𣬲Դ֧Ӷת磬ڸ
װõһ̺Է

ƺȵøˣԵȳ˵ҲúͻһЩ

̺죬ûûϵĽ졣ôлϸأϸ
Ǹֱӣ˵ġҪ̺ˡҪ
ΪЧҡҪһ׵ܵܡ

̺ò죬ܵܣ

ǰ˵ˣҵܵȽЩм˿ʵڣʵڵ췸ɵȢ
ģš

ôҲǸеģܵøŮˣԼĺɣҲ˵Ҫ
ֻҪӾͳɡǮϣҲİ

̺Ȼƺȶˣס

̺˵ǻ⣬òã

ЦЦɶҲû˵̺ﱼ

˸󣬻ģ̺ѵˡ

̺챻˴ϡ

Ȧ˵ҵܵ޸ǳ쿴¼񣬺
أ

ҿɲռܵܵıˡɵģǸĻء
Ѻõˣȥ

ʱֻ۵죬һܵܵĿ磬Ҫ̺졭
˯˯˵ġ㲻ˡ

ԱߵҲŸ漱˰ɣϵܷˣٲ¾
Ҫš

ֻһ˵ɵȲˡ̺죬Ұ¥ϣ
ҪԹڷţҿҵܹܵӽ˯һӡҪʶ
٣ǸҺƣûӹûɶĻǷҪõ˵
ģ

һߣ̺͸è绰

èҳȥ

è˯ءèŹǷ˵ðɣҲ˭㡣

èǰèظϵִܵ¥̨ʱ
¥ܹܵ˹˵ĽŲɶҲû˵̨ϻ
ȥĦУһ̷ˡ

ҹ̺ͰӸ˰è̺ãӦðԼĵһθ
찮õİè÷ȥûڡ

º󣬰è̾һ˵ֵֹ̺ʣô͹ֵֹأè˵
ǰ˵ɶҲϸңЩͻȻ̺ͺݴèļ
ûĵè̶

һĶ磬˵оգ鲢δ˽ᣬвûжϹ
̺µˡ̺è˵Ǳٳ˺òã̫Լ
£Һ񳪹ˣҲˡ룬Ҹ徲طһд
һҲܹ̤̤ʵʵúúõġ

è˵ôөˣ¸ɶأǮʲ
ôأٸ㣬ҷ

è˵ө㳪ˣˣԶԶûУ

̺δͰѻİè§ýġ֪èǸ뷨ܶ
ˡ

өǳ̺ĴŮөǳ̺λ꣬ʱеλꡣ
ʱںɵҹú£׷Ѱө龰

ɰèһû̺ˡһһģжôѰžͲ
£¾Ͳ

ϻ󣬳̺컻˸סÿڼţһξ¡

һҵӾ̺ɽ˵һǶ¸Ů

ҲãȻĿˡϾﵼߴ٣˵Ƕ
ǳ̺Ī

̺ûƴǣǩԼ

鰲ų̺쵽¸ڹ˼ĺ
̺סԶ˵ҲҵģӶ¸ˡеĽкɽ
ڼ˾ʱŮĽһ¥ļ￪˸װ
һӣСѧ꼶

̺߽ҵʱж

ѽѽôĴǵģҺӶݵͶء
̨˹أ˵ҪעӰ죬עⰲȫҶַ
ھӶû͸ءȣҲûаѺҲûò
أ

ʮ꣬У˰ֵģпź룬ͻ
˵еȵ

̺͸

㣬װ⻹

ʲôţһҲģպŹɡ

أ

ȣкɽͰ͵СʱСһꡣأǹʦ
ɣܳԿ࣬Ūǧ˰ٵǮȻĻ
ѧҲġǣͺü

˵˵ڣɽͻˡ

߸һ秵ó̺Щȡܣ
Ϊʲôѧˣɽתתء

ɽֻǾصͷЦЦͽϴȥˡһֺ࣬ں
ġ̺ȻЩ˷ܣѿھ˵ôСʱأ

̵ġˣһӣֻ֪ͷɻҪǻ¶
ͷͷ¸ڣͷͷôСӶûǮͺôô

ɽϴ˳ɾѣԲڴߣԵ
̺ųžЩȣû˵ʲôˡ̺粻ƽ
˼ˣЩĪŮסˣֹԹɵġ

ɽӶͰèģֻûèôɷôһ
÷ᡣɽһζһ޵ľһ
нӡรЩ͸ء

̺һ˵ʦϲ

ɽʹվ˵ϲ

ɤŶµɽͲܽô˵ģڶ
ѧרʱԹʲôʲôţҲ׻׻

ɽվ˵١ȣǹȥˡ

߹ȥѺɽϣɵŸأľͷ˶Ƶģ

̺ȵЦ

˵٣ɽŴˣһճԵӡ

һǻζʲôˡ

ɽ˳̺졣

죬̺ͼɽˡ˵Ǳ˾ɵأάů
ܵȥˣҪ²Żء̺û￩һ£ʲô
Ƶġ

ոһգ̺Ͱ·ЩҲ
⾭

ôʵϡǰ70ԪļпѾ͵͵ĳ118Ԫ
ңǩҲЩˡҹµֽš

̺ףûʾˡ

һ죬и˽ʽ£ÿͱ45Ԫã
ϺԣװҲ˵ġ͸ˡ˵Щ
ǮһЩҪ󲻸ֻǩͬ

㶫һֱɫԵسų̺죬ΪǵĹɶء̾ʹ
˵ǳ̯ܲҪǽö࣬ÿ43Ǯˡ

ؿۣ˵Ҫ3000ÿ38Ԫˡ

㶫˾Ϳɥ˵찡ĪСѪ޹ҲС׬һ
42Ǯٵ˺òãͻŻģѼǮѹ
40Ԫǩºͬ

̺Щɻ󣬾һ½ôö

Цʲôأ˵ˣæȥ
ô

̺Ϊѣ˵ĻⰡ͸׽Ƶţ
ĥˣٹƣҲЩ棬ȥġ

ţץ̺˵û㵱ˡ
һѣҲ㡣Щ£žˡ

תϣ̺ճȥߵ·ڣ;òԾƽʱ
ֵĴ֣Ȼóˮˡ߽һŷ̵
ϣĿĴֺ

һӭǳ̺ҵ

ĸлǳ̺ϡ֧֣

ſڲų̺Ĵգ¼Żų̺
и䣬𾢵ĽʽƳŻݣ
88Ԫһඣ

̺һ¾סˡߣȴס̺찡
ﶼ㣬أѼء룬밡һ
Ӱɣ

һ죬̺첻֪ôġҪǩģҪӰų˳
ôĴ󱨡Сļ߷ӵɷõġյġʵģô˵
ƽʱ̺Ƣ൱ִڹڳ¶棬ҲӲ
κβɷõġ

س̺ˡ

ֱڣ3000һ֮󣬳̺ڼλİ£
ӺߵġʱȻûɢ

ֻ̺ǰˡ

ϷʱĲɣҲ˽ɫҲǵģ̺û

ﵼʹȣ̺ȾƣҪ˵˵ˡ

ﵼ˵̺찡֪һЩġ˵еĻһڸ
ľ̬ŮǺϷġҪ֪ҴӦƬ꣬൱
˵ˣıӲ٣ϷĻأ

Ⱦͽ˵ɽ̺㣬ﵼõˣ˫յİ

ֻ̺ǺȾƣû

ﵼ˵Σȥ¾ȥý״̬

̺ʣôأ

˵ﵼͿҽ¥»һˣС
Ҿʧ

ȷƤһŤһŤˡ

ﵼЦź˱ƣ飬Ҫ㲦룬Ӧǹ
ˡҪѰģҪ̼̼ءл˵м

̺ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ

ﵼʮˡƽ˵ϷʱǶֶŵģ̺첢û⡣
ɽ죬СĲԾѾüδ
Ҫôˡ

ʱﵼŸ߸ߵơƶǣתںߵɳϣֵ˵ƹ⣬ѹ
˵̺㰤Ǻ˵ЩĻϲֶ
أ

̺һģƿǰľƱվȥ

̺¥±סˡ

ȳɤӡӴһôأﵼ̧𲻶
£

̺ûŤͷ߳ƵšһЦת
죬˳̺조ô㡱ˣơθ̫󡱵ֵ
ԡ

Ϸ£ôơˡ

Ӵˣ̺ڼţţҲúóԷ˯͵
ɽˡɽܲһɽǽƵοͷûû
̺죬ҵһЩʲô

죬ɽӰôҲ֮ȥããȻƮš

绰𣿳̺룬ʲôأ͸ɽļ˾绰ˡ
˵ܵҪޡ

˾ǳ˵˹̺Ҫɽɽһ
ˡ˾ڴӦ

תϣ̺ߵʱ̲סһĻš

̺ٷ۵ϣɽһ۷ֱ
ˡ

̺ϲ̵ġ˵ºȲ裬

ɽ̽ǵͻǲġ̺Ц
أ˾Ӧصģͻ˵ǰʱ佻ѵģʲ
ôء

ɽֻɳ

̺˵١

ɽû˵ɫЩҰס

̺˵㲻Ƕѧ𣬾ͺԵô

ɽͲ֣㿴Ҳˣˡ

̺Ծ֣ʳָȻЩѾֱܹ

̺ôģɽ˰˵ڳʱµġ
ҹˮ߳˲ޣ˭˭ʱ
æҵ˵ɽȥɣܸɣֻῴͼʲôġ˵
쵼

Ҵũ񹤣ѩʮСʱˡ
˵ģ˵¸һţûˡתҡ
ΰ˵ǳͷͷ˼ûϵĲУҹ
µġ

̺ˣ̲סͷᡣ޹һɽͺɽ
ɽæӳܳ˵ŪˣŪˡһѾ
Ŷûɶ⣬ĺˡ

̺ӵؿ

ɽ֪Ǻãվڷ﷢㶷

˺һɽʣҿԻȥ

̺˲ϵᣬվƵغߣǲߣԹ
緹ߡ˵ţ͸¥²绰ͼò

ɽֽˣ𰡣˾׼ڿͻò͵ġ

̺˺ɽһۣݵش򿪾ƹ˵ǸֹǳԷ
һҪʿأ

ɽһ϶ʱð˿˿亹֪Ǻˡ   

̺һͽԡϴ衣ϴ󣬴˸صĵȹ
úɽͨ죬Ťͷֱ

Ҫķ˰ӣɽӵҪߡ

̺Ц˵ҪҲУúҾһơˣ

ɽԶҴܺȾƵİϻسͷͷҺȣ
Ѿſˡ

̺ԳԵЦ˵ĺ棬Ҳſһƣ˵ţ
ѡ

ɽһҪˣŻŵվţ˵Ұɣ

̺װӣ˵У㲻ȾҪҺȣȡ

ת۹򣬳̺һһѾƺˡɽɵվ˵
óֻѷϣһһ

̺ڳ˵ļʽɽ㿴ˣֻҪ㲻ӣ
Ҿһѽһѵغȣſ»áķô

˵žҪٱ

ɽͻֽţæܹţܺˣ㲻ܺ˰̺
ȰźȸֶһɽɿڣҺһɡ

ʲôиͷȾƸˡɽһ̺־һ


ɽˡ

ʿɿˮƵɫƣȴķ壬Դֱ
Σվȵĸо̺һһغأĳɰɽҪ
ıӡ

̺˵ɽٺˣĲСҸˣ
ҿģԼȣҾģ

ɽһĸж

ʵ̺Զء˺ɽĸжжܺء
ۺһ£¾ƱͻȻס˺ɽ

ɽȻκģס̺ͻأңʹ̵ú
ѣɪɪľͷ˶Ƶһͬľͷ˶Ƶ뿪


è

̺һεĸоһ׹ĸоԼӶ͵ϣ
ҶƵڷе㡣

̺СԣҪһЩ֧šè֮ʼԺɽ
ǷǡӢ˹ʽİ顣˹ʦĸమ
˽Ϊˣﲻϧʿɷӣ˹׶ܵ
¹

ɽĻءԼҲġ

룬̺ôɱ

ת˾ȡά޷ѣշѵǸֱˬϴ㡣ϴ˵
ٵ㺫ɽˡ

ôأ̺֡

ɽ߯ʵɵģȾƵ¸˾ˣ˵
ȣǾǸϺˣúɽǧ
ɲյʡ͵ĵƣŪúӶʨ鷳ˡ

Ǻɽô˵أ

ɽ˵ҷ쵼

̺ЦԷǡ

ϴ㻹˵ɲƲ棬Ǯ׬ˡ
ЩαӼðɽ˵֡һҷȢ˸ֳ
ֶϱɶ˼˵˵ϧ˵ģ

̺ɽõģɺѸԼߵһһ
ƣϸţƮţһԶϹɣҪôɢˡָϵġ

̺ģٸ˾ȥ绰ˡ

Ȼ¡ӣֵӶ÷״
ʱأ

ĸ٣һɫ̺ӸҳǰҲ֪ʲ
ôˡ̺ԿԷĶеֻšϣʫ˺һЩ
ӡôųȹŮǰпᡣиָ
пᡣ

̺һָͷӡ

˭֪Ԥϲ¡

ҹ̺ͻȻӵĵ绰һλѴ绰˵
⿴èˣ

̺쾪ϲһþ˵

ǰèôû

  

⣿

ûдġ⡰ҹܻᡱ

缪

ǡ

èˣ

Էٶһ£˵һơơ

ʲô˼

Ů˼

޵Ů𣿼Ů

ǵģ˵ǡ

ңŮǽʲô֣

ǾͲˣֻ֪Щ

Ǹĵ绰



ԷѾһˡ

̺˾ɣ׺䶥

󣬳̺طȥ⡣ڰè£Ųţ
ɻ󡣰è𣿰èֻԼµĻҲ;
ܹġ̺Ҫӻعأͷϡ

һ·ϣﾡŰèèһЦһֿĨġ
Ҫͳ

ﻹг̺

ӢֳأҲӴĶСĵϣ
̺һͷˡҹܻᡱ

Իõĵƹ֣ġ

̺˵غè֡¥¥£ұ˺ˣҲ
ûèӰ̨ЩŤŤȥŮڵغ𣬶
ʲôö˵ЩʲôӢﺰǵ˶ֵֹ


̺ĬĬᡣè˵̺ⱲǿֳЦ
ģҲ޹ġûĵè̶̺볪ͳ޾Ϳޣ
ЦЦ̺ǳ̺졣㰢èôأʼӻԼĸˡ
Ƶģܽˡ

һڣ̺ĸҹܻ˸ﹻһ񡣳
ʱͷתԻ˶ЩǮ̺컨Ǯֻôظһ


̺ط⣬ͷ侲ࡣݴþѡþ
Сǻ˳̺СС˵ô
ˣں룬ҪЩġֳĵַ绰ͨͨдֽϣ
һرڵͼϣ̺ο

ɱһƳ̳˾֪ˡ

˾Ӣ˵ϹæУҪи·ڵ׵ˡ

̺ûУʱͨӢס̺˵һ
λˣ»Ǯ˾Цˡ
̺˵ⲻ⣬ҲСˡ

Ϊҵè̺ش˲

ҵèˡ

˾ƼġˡĦ£ͨӢ

̺һҿȹĦ¡

λ棬̺Ħӡ󲻴áĦҲʮͷģ
ĺ׸۹ߴġ

̺ѰèļƬ˵³ɺл

Ħظ˵ȣֻҪ飬ڵҲҳġ˵ʮ
ڱд𸴡

̺ȵһЩ

ޣĦ¾Ϣˡ

Ħ´绰Լ̺ڱ¥¾ư

̺켱æȥĦѾˡ

̺ʣˣ

Ħ˵ˡ˵ʵèġѾͬˡ
赸Իˡ 

ףǸǣ

ǰȻײôУȴͺᣬҲζ
ǹءÿ춼ȣӰء

һĪĻͺش

̺ݾẓ̌ʿɣЩ١

֪⣬Ȼû˵Щʲô

Ħʼ˵ˣOh, Firefly!

ө棡

Ħө棬ʼ硣

̺ʧ̬ЦһѺȿ˵ľƱˣȻһںȾ塣

ĦܸҰèסַôߣ跨Ҽһ棿

Ħ½ҡҡͷҵͻðˡ

̺û˵ʹִȡһǧĦ¸ǰֻҪȫҵ
飬лġ

Ħ°ǮսЦӯӯġ

Ħ˵µŮˣôͺˡʵأûö
ڡαأޣ¼¡Ӣһٲ⡣
ҪҸǣߣ

̺һڻ𣬻˵Щʲô֮ڸ׼Ŷ
Ļһġ

Ħתתӣִ˸ָĺˣҰ죡

þСϳĦ¡

Сϸ̺߳죬˲Ǹϻǣ˸Ůݿ
أǮҲء㻹ǶСΪãˡ

ʱ˵أ̺벻ô࣬Ҳ˲ôࡣлСϣֱҹ
ܻᡢȥˡ

·ϣ̺쳪Լһ֧裺һԶɳһ
·Զ߲ͷʱסˡ

ǡûоͷ׷ԼǣȷʵǺġ



ҹܻģѾ޷ܡ԰èһĵԹޡ

תһ磬Ħ´绰˵ҪͼҪĶ̺һҹδߣ
ģ

ĦһŰèڳﹺƬƬϣèüЦ
׺̺쿴ˣӿһɹŨصɬˢһ»ҺڻҺڡ

Ħ´ᶵȡһƿأڴ豭˵Щƽɣ
ҲѹءèԲס㣡

̺˵˾䡰ٲˡܽϴּ

̺ϴּؿþúþòŻų

Ħ³Ưĳȣ߸¡ǰأĸɺϣ
˵ǻЩ졣

˶ˣɡ

̺ĨĨ۾ץһ

Ħ˵ۣۣȡ

̺Ҫȵڶʱֻתһڣ赹ڴϡ

ôڵĿռ䰡̺췢ԼҰﱼߡ̺췢
ԼȺƴһ˹ϺҧշתѹԼ
ȴû˿

֪˶ãΧˡһĳ

һֱת磬ҲʮСʱԺ󣬳̺ʵ
Լһ˿ҵڱϻЩϵĳݺۡ

̺ʲôˣﵶƵľʹ˻ߵسһץ
ڵˤ˸顣

Ħľֽţҩңϡšӣ
Ȼŷŵµġ

ɵɫǵó֮󣬱ò֪ȥˡ䴲ͷǧ
Ҳɡ

̺ѱߵᡣ

̺ԡϴ˺ܾúܾãܾϴϵ

£Ҳϴɾˡ

ûбҲ뵽

ʲôأ

һ仰ڽӣ

̺컻һҽĺϱݡԶԶأľľˡ

ۿտգͷԿտաʲôҲȥˡʲôأ

ÿ֮ǰվڴаö崼ĸ
οǷġǻˬʵǿˡ

Щ죬̺иɱӰһʧˡ
ѯŮ

Ů˵ᡣ

˭

һŷѧҡסڲԶһԢ

ںʲôأ



ŮһЦûش𣬺ʲô΢Ƶġ

̺ЩơתĺҹèںߵС뿴

ڣһɫӰˣڵ¹£ͿհɵҰף
һں̲ϱͻһִڽˮΡ̺쿴ſţȻס
۾㱼Ӿ

ں棬ԼҲ˵ԭɣ̺ʶһᡣ

̺֪ꡢ֮󣬻ᵽߵһԡȻ
·ȥ

죬ִҴұˡһɱˮ߽֮ʿ

֪Ϊʲô̺ȻʹܳһӵҲŽȥˡ
һˮͷѿʼԡ̺·ڿλϴ

ƹ̺Ӣӣ͵ܰ½塣

ϴġ˵תתȥϴְôӦ÷ֳ
̺ԱġһֱȻϴţ¡ֻǷǳò˵
ϺáȻӣ·ˡ

̺ľƵĳ尡尡ʱϴûˡ˺Ҳûȥ
ߡÿ֮ǰֻվڴڣǰɫӰȥңλá

̺첻ԼЩʲôЩʲôԼ˼飬ҹ
ǱĹš

ǰ̺ˡûؼˡ

뿪ȥ̩ת磬̺췢ڳƬè
ڳйƬ

̺һۺûƬˣվˣ̻Ҹ

ֻ̺̾һ˵أèԶˣˡɳ̺
š̺죬Ҫúõػš

˵ô˵̺Ѿ裬ԼҲЩ衣

˰è뵽ɽʲôġ

Ī̫Ī

̺ʲôطأ

̺˭أ̺Ѱҳ̺ԼҪԶԶ·;



ȻɡһԹԹ˵֮󣬳̺찲ˣ۽
߰ߵἣ

Ҽĳ̺졣

꣬ƺʲôʹɳϻվ˵ıǸ
ôáԺлġ

˵Ҵ뿪

ߵһش󴰸ǰվסˣ˫ָ۵Ĳã
ұоͳڳԼҲǵ֧詤ө
档

յҹө
¼ŵãѰө
׽ұԶҵ



֧貢ûг꣬סˡ

ﲻһ

˻̺תȥܿʧںȺС

ǰֻʣնľƿҴơƣ֪ʲôʱ
ȵþˡ

ʱȻûеǻϢ


ڱ༭
Уԣ
󡡸壺ꡢӡƽӡФëӦҡ
֧֣粻ܡʱա
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.org, xinyusi@yahoo.com
У˿磨 New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
Ȩ˿У°ȨУת뱾ϵ
桡http://www.xys.org
http://xys2.dxiong.com
http://www.xysforum.org
ġ˿¿ŵxys_gb-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
˿վµϣŵxys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
ġ˿֮ѡŵxys_friends-subscribe@yahoogroups.com



