                          ˿µϣ20090203գ

09.02.03, Ժʿƪѧٱڿ˵
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09.02.03, immusoulѧλá
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09.02.03, birdand¹ѪǿֱԼ˼
09.02.03, ѧչۡҽβˡδ
09.02.03, ͷѧԺľƭ֡
09.02.03, ӡ־ɡԺż֪ͨǱҪķļе˼ά
09.02.03, èԴѡ
09.02.03, ӡһ桪ڼۡ
09.02.03, ١ѧ
09.02.03, ѽصӹרҾƭ һζ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ӱٰ˿ѡٶʿ200810
˿վϽ¶ģЩҲ˿Milli̳
½ֵģףû̫ĹϵųǲףٵġȫŷҽҩЭ
ϻᡱǸûʲôѧλĺ⻪֯

Ժʿƪѧٱڿ

21;ñ23ձ 63ףⲩʿ񻹼ǵãںⶥ
ҽѧڿϿйҩҩļͬЧѧ
ʱ״˷֮顣

ʱ£ȴȵط֣ЩˮƽͬѰѧĴǱ
ģĵ߰йԺԺʿ㽭ѧҩѧԺԺҩҩ
ѧҩѧԺҩʵïͿҪԱ

ڶľٺۼ

Լȥ10µףþӺȫŷҽҩЭϻḱϯף
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ѼغصһϵѧģЩڹʶѧڿϵ
ģԵٺۼ

һµġء20085£¹NSAҩѧ־
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ౣõıȽϡ߰Limao Wu(ï)Lianda Li(
)Уïֵ㽭ѧҩѧԺҩʵΡ

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ļȻ󣬽ЩСֳ飬ֱҩ
B(Salvianolic acidB )ҩ(Benazepril)ʱ䣬ɼҩʵ
ݺͲƬʵʾBͱļҩ
ͬġ

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ңʹñܷҽĵλ

û뵽ƪȴΪһƪµķˡľͷ
ҩѧͨ־ 200860ΪBͱС
ļౣõıȽϡΪHai-Bo HeLi-Mao Wu
Lian-Da Li6ˡʵ̺ĿӳͬΨһͬ
ǣǰԵļԵǼļǣ
ȫͬʵ飬ʵݾȻ߶һ¡

ͬʵ飬Сҩļͬʱ䲻ͬõȴͬ
ǾԲܵġף򱾱˵Ҫôֻһʵ飬һƪ
ԭⲻؿһƪĵ;ҪôǼٵġһǼ
ġ

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һͶǷǳص⣬ӦദˣǶԺغ˷
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Haibo HeLimao WuLianda Li7¡Bڴ
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ѧ͡ҩѧͨϵƪп¡ġ

ٴѧѧϵΡҩѧ־Rob Verpoorte
ߵ渴˵ƪѱҾʹ㽭ѧ˽档

⣬20083£Haibo HeLimao WuLianda Li7˹ͬķ
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󣬡Ʒо͡Ѫܡ־෢
غ˳ϮоɹڡѧϵթΪ (Scientific 
Deception)ĳ

յĽҷŷ·Ƶˡŵơʹйصһ
ѧΪˮ档20085£ҩѧҩѧ־͡Ѫ
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ʽϱ任ΪֳڹѧڿϾж
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Li LLi LDȣĿʵïʿڵоԱ
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һλ֪ѧΪͬһѧĴڱʵ
ݻ߽һʵ鸴ƵУôֻнЩȫ
ȶԲܷ⡣ʹۻҵԶPubmed(
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ȫŷҽҩЭϻίɻع٣ȺƼйԺ
ȻѧᡢйҽѧԺ㽭ѧȻٱţף
ʾΪֹֻйԺʾյٱ顣㽭ѧУ
δ绰ף⣬ơΪϵغΪԺʿ
ء

ôִģѧٳںֶ?ǺغΪ
鼯?

ߵ鷢֣ʮƪľעоѵԴͱţ
ҼĹ973 ƻȻѧ𡢹ҲʿԼ㽭ʡ
ƼҽҩֵȵطĿѡȻ󲿷ĵǱģ
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ѵʹõ?

ڹѧڿϷȡҲǲʵһ
򱨵˵㽭ѧ2008SCI(ѧݿ⣬УоԻ
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֪רҰ޸ӢĵʵѧΪ

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ʿʾֻǳۣУĿǰڼ顣

ףڶ㽭ѧĵʡһôķ
ڹ֪ѧڿΪûκοԱ;ڶ
ӳĿơ˼·ʵ鷽Ŀʵѡ񼰴䶼кܸˮƽ
ӢˮƽҲܺãǳԲʿѧһ֮;ŷѧڿ
ÿƪҪ֧300500ŷԪѣԼ㣬ʮƪҪ35Ԫ
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ʣ22գµغǺصֻѾͣ
޷ϵ (Դ21;ñ ߣ)

(XYS20090203)

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ۼеİ

йɹ¡ϸ̥

ɽ̱2009.2.3.

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Ŷӣ̥¡ɹ¡5öϹʹϼָ
ߡһоɹ2009127һȨѧڿ
CLONING AND STEM CELLS־淢йλõר
ҳϵĴרҡӰǰû˵CLONING AND STEM CELLS
ⱾȨѧڿһ£ԭһӰֻ2.937ļ
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ݽܣоѡ־Ը߾׵ϸϸȥˣ
Ŀзϸֲȥ˵ϸڣ缤뻯ѧ
Һн¡̥Զƣо
10ʱ䡣Ϊ̥¡˭ҲƲסģⲻΪ
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(XYS20090203)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ժʿܿҥԣ
ġԺʿˮ緢չ

/ˮ

1

Ϊʵطӳҹˮӵ봨ȥйѧ
֯ڳֵĻϣٿһΡ봨ӽר̳
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ʱ󷢱һƪԺʿˮ緢չ£Щҥ
Ǻûӡ£еרҵݵҥרҷҪ
ҥڵˣȲдһƪΪԺʿˮ
緢չ¡

֮Ϊֶ֪רҵԱСƵҥ
ԣԺʿǲȤȥġڷеרҵݣ
һЩȺϵƭΪˣͲòԷƪеһЩ
ƭɣбҪ˵

ڷġ1֣һЩӵĹ۵֮⣬ˮӳɹ
ص˴ʵ޷񶨵ġˣԺʿİ취Ҫ
һЩڼűһЩרѧĽ׶ԵԴ
ΪԺʿ˵һ۾ݡ

磬ãڣẽΣˮվжӴӱս
һƾձ2008-05-27һݣͭˮբżʩ
𣬵޷բй飬ʹˮѸͣͭˮΪ
330m3ֺ߿ݳ450m3ɿˮӶΣգ
ȷʵͨڲϴĿ־Ȼ
˽רҵԱ˵ⲻһЩŵлΪͭˮ
һբӣʹҲκӵвΪӵ
ͨűʵĲͬΪµרҵʿķҲͬ
Ҳ֪ͭˮûκΣգȻҪóһ
м߲²ԵıԺʿΣ۳һ
νרҵ£еȡζ

õרҵ£е˶ΪЩרҵ
϶ԺʿĿͬ򣬷רΪʲôҪԺʿȥ
أǣʵרҵԺʿĿûκìܡ
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ˮȣѧ2008306795-801ġ5.12봨ƺ
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ӵñηΪҶ8ȵĵ£ñβ󣬰
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ԭƵġҶ8ȵĵ£ΪӸߵ0.148%9
ҶȵĳΪԭֵ4.33˵ʲôأһ˻ΪȻ
רΪԺʿµ۾ãһԺʿġʵ
ȻΪ8Ҷ9Ҷȵ32ԣӾ˳30౶
ǿȵĵ֮ĳݽ3࣬ǡǡ˵ԺʿΪƺ
ȫɿǷǳȷġͬʱ˵ƺ̴ӽҲǷǳĸߵġ

ͬƪõġڴӷϵͳܵƻ
ˮˮλ𽥽͵£ȴǰ10.38L/s
ӵ19.0L/sң˽һ˵һҲΪԺʿ
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ˮƽ˽⹤̵רҵʿЩݣ֪ƺ̴ӲȻ
ǰȫɿģ˵ƺ̴ӵĽȷʵǷǳǳĸߡǣ
Щרҵݲ˵ıȫ෴ЧȻ
Ҳų˿Ҳȷʵְ֮취ȥԺʿ
ϵȥר˴˾

Ϊ˽Ժʿйˮ翪ҥ˵ʲôǿ
ֻѺԴһˮԴý桢նɱȫȫ
ķǿѧǳչģʽ̬ỷľ޴𺦺ͳ
Ŀŵйˮ翪ҥԣǰѾ¶
ٴˣǣרҲִ˲ƣظһΪԺʿ۾ݡ
е֪ˡ

йˮ翪ʲôʱֻѺһˮԴˣ֪Ͽ
ˮվҹˮӽѵǲ磬̬
⡣ˮ翪ֻѺһˮԴǻõ
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˵йˮ翪桢նɱʲô㷶֪
ˮԴ6ǧʱ滮ҪĻ֮һѾ
Ļʮ֮һֵǹⷢˮ翪ĳ̶ȣ
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ǵˮ翪ͺǹҵԴṹȫġ
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ص̬⡣

ʣйһնɱȫ򿪷ˣڵйֻ
򰴹滮ݼҿԵȥô
ûлȥҸߴǵĺϯȥҸ˵
ˮݼ򡢹õúܡ

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ϡҼȻôһ£˽⣬ñڹ
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һЩͻ⣬˵иЦΪ˺ʵǷ񻹴ڣ
˹ֳίһλԱ50򣬲׽ص֮һ
δıѵӦõһ

ʲôݼվ֮ڡɽҼȻһ㳣ʶ
Ҳ֪ˮվܽڹɽνɳ׽ŭݼ
վ֮ڡŲԼڶĹҼȻҼ羰ʤ
ȵȡ޻̸֮롰ȻŲĻҪ󣬾ǲܵģ
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Ҫۼءڳڵչ˼
ġŲͲܰҹûһˮ
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ʵɢЩҥѾһˡֻѷǣ
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ϿɵģһЩʿ쿪ſںԡǸеĵǣ
ڵйһЩ£һ伫˻֯ͷ
ʿܳĿŵҥָйˮ翪Υ

⣬͹һαʿһϲˮϰ
ݾĽɫзֱ׳˵Լɳԭ⽨ϻ
̣վΪԺʿȹĹרлᵽֳȥһ
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վ˭桢˭иʵĸܡ

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滮Ȼȷ˻Ͽȹ֮һļ˻֯
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档ˣ൱һʱڣȷһ񹫿ʾԿϿ
ڼǰ˴ѺԱı¼ȷʵ
Ը⻢ϿĽ֮󣬹ѾʼԻϿչ
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ԭգЩѺԱĴѾԱ
дţϴ󣬲ǿұʾϣҼ転Ͽվ

ĿǰҹڻϿĶԱȷûȷǣͨ
һһڣһѾ÷ǳĵȺڵʵ
⣬ϣܹΪˮƶ¸ġ£
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ܷ֮֯ҳˮ翪ǣˮ
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ȷĿƻ֮ͨʾԸǨҪߵĲȫ
ձڵ磬ڵŭûȷҪĿǰķӦ
ʵģǣһȷֻ֮Ҫ˳֯Ҳֹܻܿ
ȥϿǧҪЩԵ㵱ν⡣
ˮ翪Ҫ츣ȺڣȺķԣǾȥ
衣

ǿġˮΪ̬ỷĶָӰԼˮ繤
ҲĹɰٻʧϻϵȣ˴ִĿѧ
չۺͿɳչ۵ĽǶȣѺѰˮ綨ΪԴ
һЩα֯۾˵Ϲοɡ

߱ȫǶԿɿˮ翪̶Խߣ̬Խá
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ȴڡֻϧ2002ɳչ߷ѾԴ˴
ˮ粻ǿԴҵǰҪĿԴȻ
Ȼڶİ취ȥۡԺʿе˼⡣

2

2֣˼Ժʿġˮⲻڵزڡ졯
ֻܶѾ߱ĲλʩӰ죬ʹ֮ǰԵ
ˮⴥһʡ˵еġ͡족˵ǡ
һαĻϸĿѧ̬ԵʮֿЦ
ʵϣǡǡѧˮշˮⴥ𣬻ûйϵȷ
壬ԲŻһЩʱһЩҪķ硣磬
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շѧ糣õ˵һЩרҵȻ
ϲá⹤̽ˮоԱˮ
ص㣬ڽʹõĴʻ㡣Ϊ𡱵˵Ƚܹ
ӳˮıʡԺʿõġ͡족˵
һӾץסˡշ롰𡱷ıʡ˵ͨ
׵ԣ׼ȷطӳͽˮеĺ⡣

еġϿ֪ڸؼڣշ
Ȼ޸ߵĵ𣬶ֻòȻ
޵ĵǰ˵ֻ˵ԼĲõġ

ˮ⹤̽Ķշָˮˮھ޴
ˮصı仯ԵؿӰ죬΢Сĵˮˮ
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˵ġֻòȻ޵ĵǰ
˵ҲһֺĽͣΪ˭Ҳ֪ȻǶ١
淶ԼҲ˵ĿǰȻ𼶵жֻܸʷ¼
ȷҲ˵ҲǳĳһȻļ¼ܹ
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ġĿǰа֪Ϊǡշǡ
ˮпܴڵеȻ¼һʵ
ĸ꿵˵ģֻˮշ˵ӦðЩͳ
ΪˮշĿǰȫˮ𹤳̽Ӧˮ
շ봥ĸôЩˮһˮⴥ
Ϊˮ𹤳̽˵ˮշ̫С
ûнǿǵķΧҲ˵Ŀǰҵڹϵһٶˮ
ļ¼һĶӦڡˮⴥ𡱵ķΧĿǰѧ
ԡշ롰飬ᱻָϵķ磬
ֻҡڱҥԵķȻŹһᣬξһ
á͡շĸҥƱĵ͡

˵ƺˮڵɽ5.12ǰʷм¼
Ϊ6.5,ҪΪǡ롰ƶɽԭҪ
ڡ8.0ĵ𣻵ΪǡշҲԸʷ¼ƶ
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Access
This article is part of Nature's premium content.

Published online 28 January 2009 | Nature 457, 522 (2009) | doi:10.1038/457522a
Corrected online: 29 January 2009

News

China targets top talent from overseas
Package aims to entice high-flyers back home.

Jane Qiu

China has announced a nationwide plan that promises top salaries and attractive funding to elite researchers who are working overseas and willing to return to the country. The plan, known as the one-thousand-talents scheme, aims to boost China's innovation capability.

To read this story in full you will need to login or make a payment (see right).

Comments
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It is perfectly normal to lure top talents with high salary, no matching salary for their fellow colleagues. Since this practice has not been an outstanding issue in western world, I don't see why it might become an important issue among domestic Chinese researchers, particular when they are trying to align their system with the western styles.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Q Z It is important to define what a "top" scientist is. Is s/he a person having highest number of publications in "top" journals or is s/he a person having made the greatest discoveries? Is s/he a person swift in following trends and thus more "productive" or is s/he a person intelligent in breaking ground and thus is more likely suppressed? What kind a P/E (price over earning) value will this big salary-recruiting and huge grant-supporting effort will get at the end? Money can buy many things but not all the discoveries.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: truth science There are apparently different opinions about the annual salary of Mr. Shi Yigong. It would be more convincing if the author could provide the source of this "1.7-million-renminbi salary of Shi Yigong".
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Q Z As far as I know the rumor of "1.7-million-renminbi salary of Shi Yigong" came from Fang Shi-min, who criticized Shi Yigong in his xys.org website. Dr. Rao Yi, also mentioned in this article, has confirmed in his blog that it's not true. He said Shi Yigong's salary is less than 1 million. Fang Shi-min then claimed that a professor in Tshing Hua University leaked this information in internet, but nobody saw it except him. It's funny that this kind of rumor finally be published in Nature.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Y C Most of reports about China in Nature like to make news basing on rumor. This report is not the first one and will not be the last one.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Tangent Tan I am very surprised to see a rumor like "the 1.7-million-renminbi salary of Shi Yigong" can be published in Nature, which is one of the most respected magazines in science. ----a faculty from Tsinghua University
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Jun Li If Yigong Shi can lead China's life science into a world-leader, then the 1.7 million salary is not really a big deal. However, does he really have such a potential? What kind of evidence indicating his big potential as even rumored as winning a Nobel Prize for China?
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: truth science This comment has been removed by the moderator
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: truth science Most scientists recruited from overseas Chinese feel that they are very limited to be productive in China. Therefore, it is more important for China to figure out how to put those overseas-recruited scientists in positions where they can make decisions so that they can improve China?s science system, the organization, administration of funding, and management of research institutions so that they can create an environment and better manage our institutes for scientists to be productive. Now the problem is that a relative small number of them are appointed to those positions for decoration. We need the recruited to form a powerful force in order to push our reform forward.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: G. C Nature is causing serious damage to Yigong Shi and Tsinghua University by publishing erroneous information as fact. Nature should publicly apologize to Yigong Shi and Tsinghua, publish a correction, and accept all legal consequences.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Yigong Shi It is true that most scientists recruited from overseas Chinese feel that they are very limited to be productive in China. But it is also true that China does not lack of talent guys, however the condtion in which a scientist can be brought into full play is poor, and most younger scientists can rarely get the research funds needed to fulfill his talent. If the scientific leaders think really more on such aspects and take some measures to overcome it, it is better for China to accelerate its S&R development.
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Ting Wang This is absolutely a right and smart move -- though it comes a bit late, still better than never. Indeed, the only way to boost China?s lagging research in practically every field of endeavor is to lure the talented researchers from America and Europe to return home via handsome rewards. Providing the high-flyers with unduly huge salary may end up counter productive, drawing red eyes from the local counterparts. But to whip up their patriotism to work for a better and stronger China could well serve as a necessary (if not sufficient) incentive for long term commitments. A competitive China is essential in helping a brighter tomorrow for all. (Tan Boon Tee, btt1943@yahoo.com)
28 Jan, 2009 Posted by: B T Tan I totally support Shi Yigong's action against Nature.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Gui Ming Starlakeporch Nature is very disappointing in spreading unconfirmed rumors, rather than providing insightful comments. Nature should file an official apology to Dr. Yigong Shi and make correction immediately.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Ning Yan It is wiser for the Chinese government to raise salaries and improve research enviornment of talent scientists based upon positions and contributions, but not upon a domestic or oversea origin. If most domestic talent scientists, who were recruited earlier, work and live in a satisfactory enviornment, the oversea talents would believe the long term commitment of the government more easily.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Ying Jin Comment on the "1.7-million-renminbi salary of Shi Yigong": This piece of information is under severe debate a few days ago on internet forums, as it is never substantiated by Dr Shi or authorities at Tsinghua University. The first person who "leaked" this information is Dr Shimin Fang, who claimed that he got this from a so-called insider, and yet nobody has stood out to corroborate it since. Therefore, we may refer to it as a simple and sheer rumor. Nature, as a well-respected journal, should apologize to Dr Shi and readers for publishing such unsubstantiated personal information. Spreading rumor in China is one thing; spreading rumor by Nature will bear more negative impact to the Chinese science community considering the influence of Nature itself. I sincerely hope that Nature realizes its mistake and publishes a retraction in the near future.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Kevin Song Nature has now corrected the error regarding Shi Yigong?s salary. Nature apologises for the mistake, and for any distress caused.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Mark Peplow Nature should get a confirmation from Tsinghua Univ. before tht news about Shi's salary was published.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Gang Sui The report is right in raising awareness for supporting domestic talents in China. However, I'm deeply disturbed by the irresponsible quotation of a rumor circulating on the internet about Dr. Yigong Shi's salary at Tsinghua University as an evidence for domestic dissent. Dr. Yi Rao at Peking University confirmed that Yigong Shi?s salary at Tsinghua is mo more than 1 million RMB (~ 146,000 US$). As far as I know, Dr. Shi?s salary stands at 600,000-700,000 RMB (~ 88,000-102,000 US$). I wonder if the author had contacted Dr. Shi or Tsinghua University before publishing the report, which is a standard procedure in journalism. Nature, as a prestigious top scientific journal, should not mix science with fiction and tolerate defamation of any individual-even if unintended-by spreading unconfirmed rumors. The cavalier style of the author disappoints me.
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Yalin Wang Please provide evidence for "1.7-million-renminbi salary of Shi Yigong".
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Leo JunLei CHANG Please provide evidence for "1.7-million-renminbi salary of Shi Yigong".
29 Jan, 2009 Posted by: Leo JunLei CHANG 

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Уȫհ¹ S.Veprek ڵĳɹٱ༭
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ϻSCIڿѧϣ 2004, 40(10) 1037-1040
TiN+Si3N4׸ϱĤӲȵӰ족ЦƪȻȫ
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עˣðѰѹأл˸ 
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ݹ᾵ S.VeprekôͱǶϼ궼ִŵĲ֣
Ϊڿ鼸һոͬһ˵ĳɹɵװɵ
ΪƪµͨѶߣˣǲԭ

ǱȻһ973

Erratum 

Erratum to The size effect of oxygen impurities on the hardness 
of TiCSiCN coatings [Surface & Coatings Technology. Volume 22 (2008) 
p. 5512C5515] 

Dayan Ma, a, , Shengli Maa and Kewei Xua
aState-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an 
Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Available online 22 January 2009. 


Refers to:  RETRACTED: The size effect of oxygen impurities on the 
hardness of TiCSiCN coatings
Surface and Coatings Technology, Volume 202, Issues 22-23, 30 
August 2008, Pages 5512-5515, 
Dayan Ma, Shengli Ma, Kewei Xu
PDF (840 K)  

Retraction notice
This article has been retracted at the request of the 
Editor-in-Chief.
Reason: This article has been retracted, please see Elsevier 
Policy on Article Withdrawal: 
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
This article has been retracted at the request of the editors as 
the authors have plagiarized results, figures and data that have 
already appeared in the papers referenced below. One of the conditions 
of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare 
explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a 
publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. 
As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific 
publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view 
on this matter and we apologize to readers of the journal that this 
was not detected during the submission process.
The Publishers have been asked by the corresponding author of the 
retracted paper to record the fact that the third author (Prof. Xu 
Kewei) was not informed by the other authors that the paper had been 
submitted
References
[1] S. Veprek, P. Nesladek, A. Niederhofer, F. Glatz, M. Jilek, M. 
Sima, Surf. Coat. Technol. 108C109 (1998) 138.
[2] S. Veprek, H.-D. M?nnling, A. Niederhofer, D. Ma, S. Mukherjee, 
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 22 (2004) L5.
[3] S. Veprek, P. Karvankova, M.G.J. Veprek-Heijman, J. Vac. Sci. 
Technol. B 23 (2005) L17.
[4] S. Veprek, H.-D. M?nnling, P. Karvankova, J. Prochazka, Surf. 
Coat. Technol. 200 (2006) 3876.
[5] S. Veprek, M.G.J. Veprek-Heijman, P. Karvankova, J. Prochazka, 
Thin Solid Films 476 (2005) 1.
[6] S. Veprek, A.S. Argon, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20 (2002) 650.

Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 29 82668614. 

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Ȼ˵ЩѾһЩǰڼչ˵ʮܵС
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Ҹ磺ҸҪͨѪҺСҪҽԺ롢
Һֻ飬ЩĿҪѪȣСǿ
пȾҸΡ

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ҩϸĸȾǲˣҲܱЩ籣Χڵ
ϸĸȾ

磺ҵıÿ11ҶҪصҽԺѡƼ磬
ԷȾ

ˮ磺Ⱦǿ׶԰鶼ϣ
ʡܶġ

2ҽϸһ£ǲһЩԵĲҪ
塣ҵı3-5ʱڱ巢ףÿһΣÿαظ
40ңֱǷʤҵļ£ˡҽͬ5
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ûʲôֵϧˡִҽѧҲǣЩԭڱ
УҺѶԸԭ塣

3ִеһЩҳƺһЩ񱣬ͬʱҲϰӰ˺
ӣ˺ûлӴеĸֲԭ/ԭҲԼ
Ŀ塣ǵڵпһĿ˵ӢĿƼԱо֣
ģڻּ棬ǲ׹Ҳ
ĺӸɸɾϸƤ⣬ĺӻϹʵıԶ
ԶµĺӣԭǳĺӹֽٽӴԭ
̼˺ӵϵͳֹҵǣ˷ǰ
ǰϴ˯ǰϸɨ⣬ʱԼˡ
ʱйرϷǳ׳ӡҵǵӳ
ЩʱϽϸϴӳӵĲλȫˮϸ
ϴȥˮʱõƤƼϴܳ
ںϵʣÿҩĸãЧҲ
죬һٶá

Ҳ̫ͬһ(XYS20090131)ĩ4еǰ3
1ķ桢˹濵Ч磬Чȷ2С
3ʳӰ콡ǰ˿бȽ϶࣬ɲġ

(XYS20090203)

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һ桪ڼ

ߣ

ѳ١߼˼άĵǷ켫й޵ۡһģ
жȨĴ;Ĳʹƶشã
ɴҵĹ£Ϊˡһ˵Ǻ̵ܿģΪṩĲ
ʻ̾͵̹Ǿ;һ˼ʷ֪ڹ
ƽǳ̬ʹϣĻƽʱԼж
ģ°Ҷͳ¹൱ʱ಻⡣ж
ͬʱ˸׸񣨣rege,߼ҪߣΪʿ
ΰ߼ѧңܵʱʲôĴûж⵽ѧ
ȨֱӴȺһĬĬжȹ뱲
ҮôѧʱڶΧЩû乤
ͬ£沨ӹӹµµ붼̸ڵźʹ
ڶ˲ȡ䴦ڵӵ̬ȡʹȻ
ɡ̸ˡ

˵ǣ̸жĹʱһ棺
ڿжṩ˼۵Ļ֮һЩѧҿʼѧý
۵Ļ֮ϣΪѧṩι̵߼ҵǣжļ
в߼ۣһǿжԼֵģΪжۻ
ۣųۻۣط
ۣһذը޴ıըѧĻ
˵ѧΣ

ļ۵Ļݼ£

жۣмϵļSĻӦģݿжɣS
ݼPSĻSĻһìܡ

ۣÿļ϶һɲ
ɵ򼯵Ϊ+1ļZġݴˣZذ
ZΪ+1ڦǵõһìܣΪб


ۣеļϿɷΪ࣬һΪԪصļϣΪ
вԪصļϡеڶ༯һRʣR
RRĶ壬ӦR
ݶ壬RӦRҽ

ʱѧ۵̬ȷΪӪͬ۵ѧУ
۵ķӦʱֳɣһԸ׸ΪΪƲߡΪ
۵ķֶѧҵΪһѣΪǵĻ߼ֱ
ìܵġһԿж÷ͷ롤ŵΪΪ
ߡҪΪ۵Ĳûȷ⼯ϸڷԼ
ѧУЦ˵:߼˹У߼ǻ֮ˣ
!ָ۵ԭ:ʵ걸ģ
һ㣬ì֮СWeyl
ԽѴﵽκν׶Σһ޿ŵĿԣԶڴ
ĹУһڵķäĿؽǰתɺߣ
ǵѣۣĸԴһصĶѭԭĸ
Դ

ۣΪͬΣԱνѭ
ֹ۵ĲԺִۣѧеͳķչҲ
·ǰġ

ȻЩûֵܹ¼۵ĸ߼ԭʲô
ֻǱìܣûеõ֤
ԣΪ˷ǣȺȦˣȴ֪Ȧûǡ

ǳԵǣ۶޸ءϣڡޡ
Զֻеȵޣõ壬۲ſܵ
׵ĽΪӦֳԣ˼·¡

ѧйǱ޺ʵ֮֮ʿָ޵
Ǳܵģʵġʿµ۵ǧʱһֱ
ѧͳ֮νǱ޵ĸȻ̺͹ĹأǱ
޵ʵһӲɡӲܳʵֵĹ̡Ӧʵ
ָһɡȷѵõʵֵ塣Ǳ޺ʵ޵
ֿ֣޸;⡣νġޡ
ָһ޼ϣȷɵģֻһ
ԵΪļϡһ棬˵ġޡָκο
ޡϡκ¶ڿ
ʲô޼ϡ޲һѧĿɼʵ
ֻһ޵ġ޿ɵĹ̡޼һ
ˣȻǱɹļϣݼ
Υ䶨

Ҫ쿵жۡȷ޸;޸
֣ж۵ͲѳˡǹɡмϵļϡS
ƶSĻпܼģ֮κSļϡ
ԣһܹĶ󣨲һ֣һ࣬
ôĻһпܵĻġΪе඼ķӣ
ĿȷӵĿ󡣡ո˼·ȻǽSɾ
ϡΪֻӵݼPSĻκοܼϵĻŲܴ
SĻһ֤˵ݿжPSĻӦSĻ
ʱȻֽS޼ˣҲ˵Sɽĳһ
ֻʱִļϣ˵ġɵļϣ
κ¶ļϣĻPSĻͲܴSĻ
ʲôܴκ¶ġ޵ļϣȷе˵
SֻȷѴڵмϵļϣӶȷ
ģǲܸSPSΪκȷɵޣ
ɹޡжԤ޻ʵޡ

ɴ˿ɼڶSʱֱʹֲͬϵ޼ϣ
ȻˣǷֱĻĽ۾Ͳ߼ϵĻìܡ
ΪʵѧSȻֻ޼ϣPSĻSĻͲ
֮ˡͬһɣʼյضSһ⣬
ܲìܡSʼյΪ޼ϣǰصó߼Ǣ
Ľ罫SʼյΪ޼ϣôϸؽSܹȷ
ݼΪһȷ޵Ḷ́Ҳ
۵Ľ֡ѷǳԵǣǶS޵⣬
ͬʱȴSеһĸۣӶΥ߼ɣν
۵Ľɴ˶Ϻ߼ز

ܹⷨ۵ĸԭ򲢷ǵ߼ֱ
⣬Ҳʵ޸⣬ǽ޺;岻ͬ
޸ʹ֮¡

ʱ̸лᣬһǽԵؽǵķӦ
ۣҪЩҲ޸⡣
ӭָ̡

(XYS20090203)

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ѧ
лѶԡ߼˼άĵǷ켫һĵĹע

ߣ

ұлɭ,Ҵ,pchu,̫λѶԱ<߼˼άĵǷ
켫й޵>(XYS20090129)(³<߼˼ά>)Ĺע,Ҳ
ҰڄeվԱд,ǵĹע۳ƽȽ,
һصǰͬһȺڿ۵ĺ޾ѧ
ʱ.

ɭ<ȷϺ߼ǿѧ˼άҪ
>(XYS20090131)϶˱<߼˼ά>һΡκѧ˵,
׼ȷľȷļ,Ӧ,Ŀ϶ͷ
ҵõ.<߼˼ά>аҶԿе۵дͬ
ѧ,߼ѧѧϽ,ġȻָ֤
ѧо۵.иʵյضȻ
֤Ƿָѧоַһλ,¸Һ,ɴγ
Զ˹<Ȼ֤>ʢһʱ˳йѧ̳:ģ,
ģɵѧ˵,ѧ֮ʢһʱ,վ޷Ϊʱ
Ľ֡.Ҹ۱<߼˼ά>ʱѡ׼ȷ
ȷѧ״,ʵһѧ,Ȼѧ
ѧ,ѧӦȫһµ.

̫ѴרҵǶȶԱרҵϽһЩ,
Ӷ.

Ұһ֪ҶԱֲ֤̬,ҲΪƪ<߼˼ά>
,˷ӦˡԵĹѵ;

pchuרҵǶȶԱȫ.ƽ,ΪѰ֪,
ƻرĻ,Ҹж.ܶͬ,мҷǳ
ͬһ̽,Ҳ<߼˼ά>ǶԿ
һȤ. 

1.	Pchu:Ҫ(<߼˼ά>)ǣ޻Ϊһ
ʵڵ֣. ǶԵ,ʱҰƪ,ͬʱǷ
ӭޡĿ̰û,û۷Χ,ʵpchu
⵱ʱӦܵ,ڴ˲.

Pchu˵ġʵڵǿĳ(Transfinite 
Number),Ϊ˽һ.<߼˼ά>ôһλ:治
֤Ľ޼ϵĵ,һܴĿ,Ľ߶ȳ
,Ϊһȫ¶˼άҰ֮С.˵ġ
һܴĿָľǡۡ,ʵ<߼˼ά>н
ܵCantor: ڲԹ޼ϵ A_0, A_1, A_2, A_3,, 
A_i, A_(i+1),ǵǵ,޼֮䲻ʲͬ
޼(Cantor, 1883).

ڼԵؽʲôǳ.

һ,κһ(Sector)Ԫصг֮Ϊл
(Well Ordered Set),A = {1,2,3,, n, n+1, }, B = {1,2,3,, 
n, n+1,; 1,2},Ƕ,{, n+1, n, , 3,2,1}ͲǶ.
һǺomegaһ,Ϊ0{}:

0{1,2,3,,n,n+1, } = omega, (ϣĸ,൱ӢĸСдw)
0{1,2,3,,n,n+1, ; 1} = omega +1, 
0{1,2,3,,n,n+1, ; 1,2} = omega +2, 

0{1,2,3,,n,n+1, ;1,2,3,,n, n+1, .} = 2omega; 
0{1,2,,n, ;1,2,...,n, .;1,2,,n,; ͣ,} = 
(omega)X(omega)
= (omega)^2


ЩͳΪĶϵ,سΪ.Ȼ
ķȥԵõomegaĶʽ: 

a_k(omega)^k + a_(k-1)(omega)^(k-1)+  + a_1(omega) + a_0, 
(a_0, a_1, , a_k , k=1,2,3,),

Ҳǳ.

˼ЩĶϵƶaleph_0,ȫ
,Ϊֹκ.Ȼ֤һѧĶ:

Ϊaleph_0Ķϵĳɵļ(ΪW_1,ע:д
W)Ϊaleph_1,aleph_1 > aleph_0, Ҳ.
֮,Ϊaleph_0ĶϵĳɵļW_1Ǹպñȫ
ɵļZ= {1,2,3,}޼.

൱˲ĳɾ,Ƕ޵ʶϡܻ·.ſ
Ƶ˼·ǡaleph_1޶ϵļ,Ϊ
aleph_2, һֱȥ,Ǳ<߼˼ά>ᵽĶ(Cantor, 1883):

ڲԹ޼ϵ A_1, A_2, , A_i, A_(i+1), ǵ
ǵ,޼֮䲻ʲͬ޼.

糹ɨһ,м֤޷д,Ȥ
ѿȥѹʳ½Ժʿ<ʵ>(ѧ,1979)йڼ
һ.Ǳʮ뿪Ϻʱ,ﻹ,֪Ƿ?

2. PchuѶԱܵCantorϵƴԭʼϵơ
ṩ֤,ѿеĶԽ߷ԭʼΪмϵֱƹ㵽
޼.뷨ܺ,ұָ.pchu֤Ҫһ
ǿ,޷رܵһ:κ޼϶Ϊϡ
(Zermelo, 1904).[0,1]е,մС,ڳ,Ƕ
,սȴ֪ʶ,԰г򼯺;[0,1]ȫʵ,
ȻĴСҲ򼯺,ų򼯺,Բ
óȰ취ų򼯺,ֻܲZermeloṩ,ڳѡ
򷽷.

ͷpchuṩ֤,ʵѾZermelo,Ȼ
ι첻Խߡϵġ0,1.(޷[0,1]ȫʵ
Ȼ˳--ԴСΪһ0,1,Ϊκһ0,1֮,
0,1, Cantor֤[0,1]㼯ͬZ = {1,2,3,}ʱ,Z
ľһ򼯺. ֤.

֮Ҷpchuṩ֤:pchu֤,ԭʼE
ĵFֱ,ٰ֤һ,ͨ,ͨ.

ʵϰ[0,1]ÿһʵöСʾʱ,൱Z={1,2,3,
n,}һλѡ,(0.10011001011,൱ȡZĵ
1,4,5,8,10,11λõԪ),[0,1]ȫʵʹZȫԪп
ܷʽɵӼȫ,֮,ȫʵZĵ,öԽ
֤ġȫʵͬȫһһӦ͵ȼԭʼΪZ
,֤ͬӦ.(ձ<߼˼ά>֤˵
϶һ丽ע: ϸĵĶ߿ɷǰһǺ涨).
ΪԽ߷ķ˿,[0,1]ȫĵ㲻ͬȫһ
һӦ,뵽Խ߷ƹ㵽⼯ϲͬĵ
һһӦ,˼,϶ᷢҪһǿĶ֧,
ûд(ʵҲ뵽˽κ޼϶Ա
),ֻ辶,µ,,ìϽʦۡ(μpchu
)ľж֤.

ʷ,Zermelo1904,Cantor ֤1883,
20,ֶ,֤,Ҳ˵е߼
ǿ. 

3.	Pchu<߼˼ά>һеһ仰:ѧ""ĸ
ʵڡΪ˵еͷ.е.ƪǾ仰˵
˼:˿,˿ɲֶΡ,Ҳָ
һķǰʵ,Ҳǡı.,
ʹȻԺģĸʱͻ߼ϵ֤ͣ
ʱģȷ˳򡱣Ҳе,漰޵,ȷſڡ
ϡ,տڡ޼ϡ,ȻԼ˵,ֻҪ׼ȷ,ûбҪ
ʱͲس,ճ̸ᵽɽɽ,ذ˵ʥ-˹
(San Francisco)һ׷ϸ,ֻ˸еŤ.һ仰,ѧ˼ά,
߼˼ά,ȻǴпΪ,ǰǶִѧһ˽,Ҫģ
,ͣڶ˹<Ȼ֤>ˮƽ,<Ƶھ>ˮƽͲӦ.

Pchuѵ۵Ļش͵.

,ͬѧ,߼ѧ,Լѧۿеһ
Ͷ,<߼˼ά>ҲֵûһʱĶ,ҲǺ
,ۿ,ϣľ:
Ϊ,ܾ,ֲ,ʹ񾭴,ʱʼռ
е: ҵۼʯ,ÿһöļؾЩ
ˡ(18886º),վɡ׼ȷ,ܡ,ġ
ۡɱΧ,,һЩģ,ģ,˶족
ѧ˵,ֻ׼,׼ѧ˵,ѧʢһʱ,
޷ʱĽ.,Ž,Ī⡱. 

(2009,02,12.ѩ֮ҹ)

(XYS20090203)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѽصӹרҾƭ һζ

21ձ һĳҩƷҽѧרҡ ѡһ
ǮרҡơһƷĹиţ
йԽоΡࡱڡλġרҡǰ
ϸĵôӻͼץ˳̳ͺ̳һ
ַٵӹ˳ 
רҽھǵԱ

ӱǡӹгֵòһֲһһȺƭӡ
ߡliangxin2009һɽֵ̨гֵ12λٹ
֣Щͬһͬʱڶаݲͬרҽڡ
ҩƷʳƷԲרҽԺȵȡ

ϸ׷飬ѻ˲֡֡ıов
ﾹǵԱ!ʾӾ硶γϼרҵİ
񣬾ͷֱڶӹа˹ǲרҡ־סԲרҡ㡱
ҽѧʿк͡Ƚɫ

Ӿ硶жŮѵİҲѳһ()
ֱЩԳԼήסʪǲסȫ
ľβಡؼÿж˵
()˹еĲƷȬˣⲻì?

⣬ѻгһЩӹгġԱ
Щרָרƭ˳Է

ϣƭӡٺ

߱ʾĿϣͨĿٴڸվع
ЩƭӡƬȡڽ315ǰȫʶЩƭӣϵ
ƭ

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ϵ͵Ⱥ壬һϵͶš

ѡС椡ʾӹ治ٺˣֻ̨Ǯ!

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Ч֤ҩƷ֪ͨӴԹר֤ЧҩƷ
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ּܾ̽ͣҩƷҽеءʡߵƷĵӹ
ĿԸࡢ̨ۺƵΥҽѶӹҽ
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