                           ˿µϣ20090703գ

09.07.03, Ӿѧܿ
09.07.03, ϶ܿٶʿϡг
09.07.03, yixw1˾仧ͩɽҪ̬֮ף
09.07.03, ѧ̹ѧԺһڡѧʿѧλ
09.07.03, ࡶ6500޿СƼԱèè
09.07.03, vaixaiѧϵҪ˲
09.07.03, Ŵˡӱʦѧ־ֲȫְоԱ
09.07.03, ᰮѧûжϽѧ¿ƺѡԺʿþѣı
09.07.03, ׳塶ӭͷʹȺɳڡ˿ҵһҥݡ
09.07.03, Henryɳ¹׳ҥݵ
09.07.03, gzzswй̫вˡɽҩƼ
09.07.03, lonsoufiҽ˳ʷ̨
09.07.03, һˮɵԭ
09.07.03, ܿҽҩѧУѧ
09.07.03, ѧĿǰ£ѧԲ
09.07.03, ۲˼ʳƷȫʵʩ֮
09.07.03, ʡűרķ롷

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ӿѧܿ

1 ġ˴աѾн10꣬һҲѾ8
ȥʵϣ֮ǰĺܶѧ¼֪ʶȺеӰ
죬ѧձĹעܻ12顣
¼ع⣬Ƿ֤ѧΪԽԽࣿǲйѧ
Ҹأ

ֻýעöˣ֤ѧΪԽԽࡣҸ
ĸоصʱǼǰļۼලҲ
һЩסһЩӱȽСˣ½ơйѧ
ҪҶأһִġεѧ٣Ը
Ϊѧܡ

2 ҰĳϮĲߣΪѧѧࡣΪѧѧλĳ
Ϯԭʲô

мԭһǵĽ⣬ѧûеõѧ
ѧ·ĽСͱ䡰һ󳭡ĹС
Сѧдʱͱȥġһǽʦ⣬ʦеѧ̫
̫࣬ѧ߽ܲʦѧ£ָѧ
߽ʦҲڳϮѧѧˡһԭǲѧλ
ƶɵġ޿Ϳʱ䣬ʵûбҪдѧλģ
Ҫдɼ˶еרҵ˶ʿҲûбҪдġʿѧ
λĵдʱûбҪ̫ڿ·ûɣ
ڱѧȥ

3 кܶУʹһʶѧǷϮô


ֻΪֳϮһָߣΪгϮı׼
ǷϮҪжϡеѧУ涨ж30ϲ㳭
ǺܻƵġѵؼĵط1020Ͳ㳭ϸ˵ע
س仰ҲǳϮ

4 ⼸귢˼ԺʿڡУԵ¼ΪʲôڡУ
һЩλܸߡеˣҪȥĳϮ԰У
ٵԼͽܣΪʲô

Щæʵûжپѧо
ȴҪкܶѧһУͬʱмʮо£
ʵʵооģʦٲ룬ֻй
ѧûеõҪָͼල˳Ϯʦ˱ˣ
ã˭ûоʦأ

5 ĳϮʵзǳձ飬ٱ˷ǳ٣Ϊԭ
ʲô

һǳϮ̫ձˣҶֲ֣ԼҲ̫ɾ
ٱһǵľٱ˻ܵ߾þٱҲûʲôá

6 ЩѧΪĹñȽϺãǲȡʲôĴʩ
ѧΪķ

ҾⷽñȽϺáƽƽΪƣ̼
֮⣬ǻбȽϹ淶ܶѧΪľٱе飬
Ĵһĳ¼ˣѧУͨ֯ίԱ
е飬õʽŻ롣ʵĻ
߻ֹܵʽ׷εĴ

7 йѧ˵ķʲô취ƣ

Ҫı̼ٵĿƽƣǱȽĹ̡ڵǰܹģһ
ҪǿۼලѧӣһҪԱ
¶¼ĵ飬ؽдҩѧԺغ
ʱѧҪ̡ںȥǲӦ
ͣڿͷϡԺкܶ¼¶аģ
顢ǱˣƼǰ䲼˴ѧ
Ϊרŵİ칫ңҲûмǴһ



ѧ淶ܲȨ

20090701ܿ 

УԺʿ֮ġѧߡ漰ѧˣܲܣ
֮ѧÿµԭ֮һ

׫塤 ()

ѧˣûȭ

ڽʦٱҽҩѧУĳϮ¼У۱ǡǡ
ӵλʦľٱԺ󣬸ֻǰѲϵ͸ػȻЭ
ϲУĳϮΪȻΪѧ罨ίԱ
Σѧ罨ίԱûеʹȨģֻǵԱ

û뵽УȻ2009ЭԺ󣬸۽
һ绰յһţݶǽҪٹܾٱУ־ΰ
Ϯһ£ǿӲЩв˼־ΰڽܡ϶ܿ
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мңΪʲôҪ¡˵ǧɹ¡
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Ϊʲôܣ ڸѧİ칫Щ
⣬֤ҵ̬ƺܡȡܡ֡

315գܼڡУѧ̸ᡱϣ
ѧΪܼñʾѧΪҪ練˷ܼһ
ԴðαӲƷһ̡ʵСһƱ漰ʲôˡ
ʲô£Ҫ̬ȼһ鵽ף̡Ϣ̸
ܽΪŶѧˡ̡ԡ

ǣѧ˳̣ҪУĳϮٱܵ
׵ʱкܶ˷е⡣ΪʲôܶѧΪû˹ܣ
һǣһЩѧΪ漰УԺʿȵȡȨơһ漰
Щˣ⿿ѧ淶޷Լǣٱ˺´Ҳҳٱ 
־ΰ£ѧ淶ǳ򵥣ֻҪϮ϶ó
ѧλͳѧλ˵

һҪЩѧΪĵȨߡԱѧһ
λˡá۱ʾЩ꣬ͨʦѧ
ϵѧΪѾõУԺʿ֮ġѧߡ
漰ѧˣܲܣ֮ѧÿµԭ֮һ

У԰ס

֮

ԳϮѧĲ֮磬ÿ˶ҪеΣÿ˵ݣ
ñ⵽ΪΪ

˹סȨơѧߣΪЩַȨˣҲҲΪѧ
˷Ӹ

йѧԺ봫ϵڣڿʦٱУϮ
ҵý壬عԼı˳Ϯߡܿߣ
ýعֻһϵжĵһһЩϮĵĸˡ
λʦάԼȨ档

ڴŷоԼʦΪϮĻѧλ
ȡְƵȵȣһթΪǣбϮһվά
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һ֮ġҿԼıϮһ룬˼øѧλҲ
ףҽҷѧλҪȡְҪӰ졣Ϊ
ǴϮߣ˳ϮߵĲΪʹóϮߵòӦеĳͷ
Ϯ֮Żҡ

ҽҩѧУٱĳϮԺ󣬸ȥ鿴ѵۡ
˵˭ǾͲе˻У˵ʦ
⡣Щۣ۾á˲̵ĵز
ʮڶʱͬѧף˾ͻС͵һԶ
̧ͷ

ѧ˷ĸԴʲô۵Ĵǣİܻܶ
˵ѧУܡܣҿԸߴңһζָѧá

ѧ磬ָܼǰҪصǿһǼǿ
ʹ֮ԸΥѧ£ǹ淶ѧƶ
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ǵĽ⣬ѧûеõѧ淶ѧ·Ľ
Сͱ䡮һ󳭡ĹССѧдʱͱȥ
ġ˵ΪѧӢۣ2001鼮ר
ѧĸ󣬽¶ѧĳϮҷڳϮڵʱʼ

ѧ˵ı뱾

ѧѧλĳϮ٣Ϊѧ˵ġΪֹѧλ
ĳϮȥ꿪ʼڲٸУ˷Ϯüб
ѧǷϮ

ʵΪѧʵͬʱҲӦü
ĽƶȡӦøĸܶרҵʵ͵˲ţû
бҪġѧѧодŸͿ
ˣʦһ¡һЩרҵ顢Ӧöȫÿ꼸
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о׶εĽΪ˶ʿҲһǿģ
ҲһǿΪйô࿯ǷҲָ
ʿҪҪ󷢱ģҪǿҪʲôΪﲻ
ģ֯δ硣һѧλģһǰڿˣ׶
ġΪЩ⣬ԴӼϽһζǿѧģ
ʵֻѧϮ١

ۻѧӦñһĶҪظԤž
ֻҪһ٣ѧλҲˡĹ

ӷ˵ѧϮԭʦкܴĹϵʦеѧ
̫̫࣬ѧ߽ܲʦѧ£ָ
ѧ߽ʦҲڳϮѧѧˡرǵѧУ
쵼ѧȨЩæʵûжپ
ѧоȴҪкܶѧһУͬʱмʮо
£ʵʵооģʦٲ룬ֻ
йѧûеõҪָͼල˳Ϯ

ἰعļڳϮѾ֤ʵ618
գѧУ½ٳԼĳϮ֮ǰܶڳϮ¼
һָϮ½ٺ׹ͬ½˶ʿоڼ
ĵʦ½ͣдģֻˡ޸ġ

ʦ˱ˣǻã˭ûоʦأ
Ϊڶ볭Ϯ¼Ȼӡ

ѧ˵ġ걾ΡѾܲӡָܼ
ǿѧºѧ罨裬ѧΪͷ١걾Ρۺ
£ͳһڲලϡ

(XYS20090703)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ٶʿϡг

20090703϶ܿ

29ɭ浱ѡгһ൱޵飬ɣҪ
ȴⷢг˶ʿԭǳϮġѧ
ƵķǰҲܵġַ顣һԭӦ÷Ĺٳǣ
ȴεС

ߡɺ  ʵϰ

Ϯš

ҳɭˣгϮϢֳƿ
ѣ

621磬˳Ľ˴Ĵλ޼ͶƱķʽѡ29
ɭΪһг80廪˶ʿȫƱѡйĿǰг
еͬʱָͬһ˵ʱԹǡ¹Σ
ɭӭһͻϴ񣬹гı
⣬ߵ飬ѳ壬һðҲɸ̾
һ

һ623磬ڰٶȡɭɡ
һΪгĳϮӡӲ֣߳ƣ
ɭͶ˶ʿڼ䷢ġڼֵķزҵľ
(³)뷢2002꡶Ƹĸġ۷زҵľ
ƶȳ50%(ᣬ³)

Ϊľġڿϡèۿˡ巢Ϊϣ
ɭһϮһթӡľġ˵оȻ
üμһģһ

627գѧٵһˡӷģ֤ɭ淢ƪ
ĶǳϮ֮

ͨйڿȫݿ⣬ɭһƪģ
Ϊ廪ڼ䷢˶ʿѧλġعƪ
Ŀ⣬һƪĿӪ̽֡ڡп
ָǶƴ֮

ӳԱ˵һƪģķ֣ǰԺ
֪ʶܣ󲿷Ϊ̵ܽᣬĲΪĲ֣
ǡûճġ˿˵гƪĻġ

ڵڶƪģӱʾȻδдƪճĳһƪģ
ҲǶġĵĵڶ֡ĵĿΪ
ҪǳϮƪģѧҹĵͼо
ִƾ2002.10ͩȣĵĿ뾭Ӫλҵо
2002.2

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ͨٵֶõѧλ˵ΪԼĿĲֶΣ
ϧ١Ǿͺѱ֤ԺͨһЩŪٵֶŪһ
˵˳һλԻѧλг쵼ˣ
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϶ܿʲôʱʼעɭĳϮһ£

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(ֵĴվ)Ͷ˸塣

϶ܿΪʲôҪһԱѧٵġ¡סţ

ӣΪɭ绤ΪֻҪְˣûҪ׷
ǰǷѧٵ⡣Ҿֱ绤ɲ̫һɭܹһ
ҵ͵差νίԱḱΣΪΪ˶ʿʿ˲ġ
ʱ˶ʿѧλˮֵģҲ˵;Ḻ́ǲԵģ
˲ķ˸κгˣɭûг
Ϯڵĵλֱӹϵġ

⣬һڶоʱͨϮķƪģ˵
˲ûʵѧƷġ

϶ܿҲеΪĳϮǺձ飬ֵþ档һ
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ӣҾûǵĽ⡣СѧѧĿεʱ
ʦͱѧҪģͳ⡣Ȼ˴ѧо׶Σ
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úͳϮ𣬻֪ûʶϮԡ

϶ܿܶΪɭ϶ΨһһѧٵĹԱڹԱ
Ḷ́νѧ㿴ˮֵж

ӣˮǷǳġһֱڽ¶ⷽ⣬ر
νְСѾ˹ٵģҪȥһѧλҲûϼ
ѧĶдģʵһֱѧ١ʵѧλ
˵㡣

º֮ܿܲ

϶ܿɭ¼Ѿϴˣ»Ӱܵ;

ӣºܻܿ᲻֮ҪʵԵĽչĻ廪
ѧѧλ廪ǰı˵ֿԲ󡣵ڶ־
ϵĴ֣ȻֿҲΪڱɭλߵкܶѧ
ҲǼٵģǿ϶ǲҲǲԸȥġԵý岻עˣ
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ߵĽǶȿӦõĲԣΪֻԽԽڣ
ȴҷֱٵ飬ͰˡӹڵĽǶ˵Ƿǳ
飬Ϊɭ治һͨˣгӦڵɵġ

϶ܿΪʲôΪ廪ѧܳܵѧλĲͿ
˵ѽ¶漰廪ѧʦĳϮ󲿷ֶ֮


ӣ廪ѧʦٵİܶˣ廪ѧûжЩ˽
2006꣬ǿҽѧԺԺԣ٣ͬ
˵ĵԼѧɹдϻһЩڵ
ȥ˿ˣ廪ѧˣû繫
ֻڲһ֪ͨ

϶ܿΪʲôУѧٲŲʲ

ӣҾһǹ⡣Ϊѧٱܻѧ
УԸɴװ֪Ǿô˾൱ڳ˴ѧ٣
װ֪취ڸǹȥԵҲΪܶʦŴ
ˣҲ͵͵زñ֪һΪܶѧУġϵ
Ͳɾǲȥ´֮˷¶
ΪڳϮ̫ˣҲͼֲˡ

϶ܿȻѧô⣬ôѧǰ;

ӣڲ̫ϣõʱ̫ʧҾãǻ
תġҪһǣѧһĽáѧ٣ʱ
ΪͿ֪ѧ淶֪úͳϮ𣬻ǲ֪Ϯ
ԡѧԺҲ˱ʦ˱ɿѧңγɵѧ
ԺѧñȽϺãӳ˵Ϊƶѧ
۵

(XYS20090703)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

˾仧ͩɽҪ̬֮ף

ߣyixw1

ͩɽиϴ壬йи˾Щ·֮ǰ֪
飬Ϊһ֪ز˾չʾƷǣһ

µôͷ˵𣬴£ иԴԻʢٴѧٴпԺ
˾ôЩҹ˰󶹰H1N1ֶĻУ
Ӱ졣

๫˾ȸϷɣһóš
˾һȸǱȿȸţ׵ֻ񿪳Ҫͩɽ
Ǯ5ƽֳɷӹפҪţͩɽ
Ҳеʵ

¶׵ǣͩɽϸôģķӣҪ̤㶫
ʡȻ羰ֹ̬ôģġ

ЩҹŸĿѧǻûг˳ô
֪Ķϴأ˵ǵǵɽߣڵزɽ
ͬøǣԳΪ´ѡַĳЩҲԳΪ
Ŀеĵز˾ΪƽĲԭ

סǣ䲼̬ߣ
羰ڵʱ衣ʱ涨䱨Ҳ
ͨ滮ţɡͼǣһִۡ
200׳20׸ߣڶϴԶϰƴĲ˵̽߰
ͷñﺣۡ Ĺģȵ3ƽ׵Ĺ滮ô1.6
ȵ8ƽ׵Ĵ÷ɳܲСһ룬ʱʵҪ
衣Ϊ֧һȻɽ·ҲҪӦؿ
룬컯˵ζšۡʽȻǡ̩̹ˡʽĸ
һĿǰһȷȽȷǣһ̩̹ˡλġ
ۡԴΪĴͳƼֳΪĽ췽ʽгǧֵĸֽ
ˮࡢϡͷ䳵ԼǧĽ蹤˺δ
ʹߣһʹĻɼĳƻ

ĽԱģұָʾҪǣνǽһ
ģԻĳƻСڶԷ˾ԴԻʢ٣
ĻӢַĽʦԡΪţҲй廪ĸ߲ţ
¶ʮһ̸Ҳ˼λԴ¼ʱ̽ͼ
רңǡҲҵڹ廪ȱٻʢ٣Ĺ滮
רң˫൱ԷĽſԸΪߴȫߡ
Ϊ˱ĴжϲǸߣǹ˾֡Ǳ
󣬲̴ߵĸʽͷҲܴ󣻡ȫȻǰ칫з
ֵ඼Ҫȫϼ̰ȫ

ߵ۵ǣڴ÷ɳɿƬ滮ҵеĻ֮
ϴĻлηȥԱСģĽ

ЩᶨĻѧǣҲмᶨҽ
Ŀ漰Ŀѧչۡ羰̬߱
гһһ֪Ӱ쵽ǽ롰㽨ľġ
ˣѧǿܻ˽רҹʱԵĽ顣

֮¶գ˵Һ˾ĴУҵеУ
һЩ滮ʿ뽫ΰĻѧʱͼ
ȻǴɹʶȡһĿʱ壬ý׼ƽ죬
Ҫ滮Žɡӽ涨ҲǿѧԲͻƽ
ԭ򡣵пѧĳҲǵͻƽ涨ãʲôԭ
ҾͰ˼ˡܿѧҡز̼õĽʦᶨΨ
ߣǲͻƽ涨ҲôģͩɽȻ
ĻȺѩ۾ѵǲá񹲷ߡʣ

(XYS20090703)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧʿѧλ

ߣѧ̹ѧԺһ

Ƕѧ̹ѧԺһͨĲʿʦûκ쵼ְ
񣬵һģ

ѧһŹٵİ崫ͳĴѧѧУѧϽѧ棬
ʦϸΪ985̺͡211ص㽨Ľֱصѧ
ѧѧڹʢ

ѧУ81ѧȨպʿоǾ81ʿѧλȨ
Уǹ̹ѧԺһ࣬ǹѧ빤̲ʿ㡣
ĲʿʦҲѧԺѧίԱίԱԼúܺã
ǴԼ2004ʱУ쵼λںʡйĸ﷢չоԺ
иԺhttp://www.cird.cn/ǩһѧЭ飬Э
ǷܶཨĲʿ㡣

иԺһо򣬽תʵĿǰ
ܶ಩ʿʦǵֺٸ֡ɡ󡢳»Զ
١ƽ񿭡壬ܶ˴Ͳѧ
ҲʶչѧƸְʿʦӦǶѧ
ְڣǾ֪ǵ˸ûбƸΪְڣֱƸΪ
ְʿʦˡ޷ǣʿʦѡӦͨѧԺѧίԱᣬ
ȻǵЩ˸ûоѧίԱУֱƸΪʿ
ʦˣǵѧˮƽ޴ʵ˽⡣

ЦԷǵǣ2005иԺһǶѧѧ
빤̵Ĳʿоγ̰࣬Ƕѧû
飬ΪǶ֪첩ʿоγ̽ްκ⣬ƭ
ڣҷƾѧУֲʿ࣬иԺȴ԰ְ࣬Ϊʲ
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ڽиԺվϣʵģ˵Ԥղʿо
500Ȼ˵Թ´Ϊ׼
http://www.cird.cn/edu2_3.htm500ӦǶѧȫУĲʿ
ģȴиԺԼһѧƵУ󵼹֮ӣ
һиԺʿԼһͿ500ʿⲻʿ
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2004굽ڣиԺ5060оĲʿо
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1The evolution of color vision in nocturnal mammals. Huabin 
Zhaoa,b, Stephen J. Rossiterc, Emma C. Teelingd,, Chanjuan Lib, James A. 
Cottonc, and Shuyi Zhangb  (2009), PNAS 106: 8980-8985.

a Institute of Zoology and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of 
Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; 
b School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 
200062, China; 
c School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, 
University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom; 
d UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Conway 
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College 
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

߹Author contributions: H.Z., S.J.R., E.C.T., and S.Z. 
designed research; H.Z. and C.L. performed research; S.Z. contributed 
new reagents/analytic tools; H.Z., S.J.R., E.C.T., and J.A.C. analyzed 
data; and H.Z., S.J.R., E.C.T., and S.Z. wrote the paper. 

ͨѶߣStephen J. Rossiter, Emma C. TeelingShuyi Zhang
ֱӢйݲ֤һϵоıҵ
2006ꡰΡ뿪ʱһѧѧͻʦ
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Ͻѧ߻شʲôںӣʱż˳Ǻ
У֪θ롣

1֧ʾڻʦľѣThis work was 
supported by a grant under the Key Construction Program of the 
National "985" Project and "211"  Project (S.Z.)ǻʦľ
֧֣ΪʲôһλȴǶϽѧôûʦǮ
ȥĵλѧ㲻ǵԣǵԻʦľΪ
ѧ

⣬ϽѧߵĹʵƺдҷǲ棬
ʦڸµд׵ģһFree tailed bat˵
ɡFree tail batˣӢˮƽ

2Adaptive evolution of 5HoxD genes in the origin and 
diversification of the cetacean flipper. Wang Z1, Yuan LH2, Rossiter 
SJ3*, Zuo XG1, Ru BH1, Zhong H1, Han NJ4, Jones G5, Zhang SY1* (2009). 
Molecular Biology and Evolution 26: 613-622.

1 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 
China; 
2 Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China;
3 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, 
University of London, London, United Kingdom; 
4 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 
5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, 
United Kingdom; and
6 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents 
Park, London, United Kingdom

2ͨѶߣӢ׶شѧRossiter SJʿʦĳ͡
ʦдժҪŵϣôҿ
ô

3The hearing gene Prestin reunites echolocating bats. Li G1, 
Wang JH1, Rossiter S2*, Jones G3, Cotton J, Zhang SY1* (2008). PNAS 
105:13909-13964.

1 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 
200062, China; 2 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, 
University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom; 
3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol 
BS8 1UG, United Kingdom

Author contributions: G.L., S.J.R., and S.Z. designed research; G.L. 
and J.W. performed research; S.Z. contributed new reagents/analytic 
tools; G.L., S.J.R., and J.A.C. analyzed data; and G.L., S.J.R., G.J., 
and S.Z. wrote the paper.

2ͨѶߣȻӢ׶شѧRossiter SJʿһ
µ߹׺һһб䶯ģʦд
ţóͿõͬ¡Ҫͬģ棬ȥһʦ
Ͻѧߣṩ

4Accelerated FoxP2 evolution in echolocating bats. Li G12, 
Wang JH1, Rossiter SJ3*, Jones G4, Zhang SY1* (2007). PLoS ONE 2(9): 
e900. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000900

1 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 
China, 
2 Institute of Zoology and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of 
Sciences, Beijing, China, 
3 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, 
University of London, London, United Kingdom, 
4 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, 
United Kingdom

ڶλǶҲ˵һҪôǶѧҪôǹ
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1ͬFunding: This work was funded by a special grant from 
East China Normal University to SZ and a Darwin Initiative grant 
(14-008) to GJ.

һ2ͨѶߣ׶شѧRossiter SJʿ߹
Conceived and designed the experiments: SZ GL. Performed the 
experiments: GL JW. Analyzed the data: SR GL. Contributed reagents / 
materials / analysis tools: SZ. Wrote the paper: GJ SR.һ
дӢ: Greth JoneʦĳRossuter SJд¡Ϊʲ
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625磬ߵ绰ɷ־ΰʣĳϮһǷѾ
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ǰ־ΰڽܡй걨߲ɷʱϣٱе
ģٱߡȡ塱˾ǡ˱ģĿǰҸ̨

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Ϊ˶ѡеĲΪʹУ԰еĲ
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ίȵ˶ԱֵԱ˽ʦǵĲۡ˶
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ʼϼӳѧԺѡ˶һ˶ѡʱ
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ǣķ־ΰͬ⣬ʼٱУĳϮ
Ҳ֪ۿˣҲܲ˵˵ҹԼĹء˵
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ҵʱѡӱܡҼǵõһ绰
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ĿģֻҪϼʱʵӳھ˼붷˵
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ΪкܸߵĳϮʡع⣬־ΰпܰҵ
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ڣڵٱУľһҲûжҡ̹
Ȼͼᶨڽܡй걨߲ɷʱ־ΰϳϮǱ˵
ͬһ£밽ģֻϵĲͬ
ڿ߼ߣȫͬ־ΰĽͣƪĵ֮ͬ
ǽ֣ʵȫвοײ5879֣ͬ
2215֣ͬ37.6%ȫƽͬ(40%)

Ϊ۽˵¶ʵȫ
ȷġΣ־ΰġǹ֡ΪֹĽ־ΰԺ󣬾Ӧ
־ΰеΡڵĻ£Ҫᳫǰԭ漰ѧ
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ΪʲôҪٱ쵼

ھٱУĳϮ¼УǾٱˣֳԼƪϮ
ĵĴдߡҲ˵Ϯ¼ԼҲС
˫ݣڹĳϮ粨޽С

׫塤 ()

ܿھٱУĳϮ֮ǰУ־ΰĹϵ

¼ϵѧУ¼һ̫֮
¼ϵԼУķڵĶѧԺ(ҽѧԺ)Ժ
־ΰѧƵѧƴͷˣоĴͷˡѧϣ
ҲǷ޵쵼֮¡

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ûȥǼңΨһȥİ칫ң칫ҵĹ绰
ΪڹϵϷǳУû˽˹ϵ

֮ܿйʲôì𣿿϶˻˵ٱ
Ϊ˽˶Թ

ûСʦǲеġУɻˣ
ͺñȳ乤һ

ܿ־ΰΪʲôдûұˣ

оǡӦ˵ҽҩΡڵĹһֱ
ʱҽ۽ҵĸΣǼо
2002ΪѧƵĴͷˣ֮ǰһֱǴҽ۽
ҳȥģλ10ꡣǼ꣬־ΰĿ⣬
оʵʩġ

ܿͨʲôʽȥдģ

һѧƵģǻһԳԷģСʲôġ
ڳԷֺܷɵĻ˵ľͿˡֻҾһֱ
ѽϣ2005ʱʹ绰ңʹˡһֱϵ20054
·ݣŰĵݳȥġ˵Ҫ졣˵ѡģ
ֻ˵Ҫ

ܿ˵ƪҪдģҪʲô˼

飬ģָ⣬ܶ๤оʵ
ȡĵʱҲˣΪҪЭԱѧҪоչ
кܶѧ־ΰûвκιġ

ܿΪʲôûадһƪԭģǳϮأ

κһ˶ԼĵߺԭΪѧλǺʥģѧλ
ȫͬѧڿģҲѧλгִдⴥ
ĵߡ

ҵʱаѳصѡһոձҵѧ
ĲʿġʵҲкܶѡҿԴӸһѧң
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(־ΰ)ΪʦӦøĹԼѧ()ģ(־ΰ)
ΪʿĵĴίԱǲ뵽̵ģҾӦϤġ

ֲˣҴӡװڴ밽͵칫
ȥΪҪǩ壬ٿģҲӦǣ
ǩˡҾͲѹûģûԼġ
鵱ʱӣֲվ˵ǳϮġ

ܿôأ

 ҵճҪڼλһժҪӢժҪ
ӢժҪҲԸȥһη빤ˡԣӢժҪЩ
ͰĵժҪȴԼĵժҪ

ڶ֣ҳͬʺܸˣȥġ

ʵһ飬ҶˣҲ˵һָû
һģҶˡһһǣص⡣˰
ģԺأҲ˵鲻һģԺؾ;
ȷһģһǲܵģΪ󲻿ܰҪ

һ㣬ΪʵеԱҽҪ˵
ǲԸģǵģеԱ˼档

ʵ鱨沿ֵĳϮǱȽϵ͵ģʦңⲿֵͬʴ
14%15%Ұɡ

оۺչǸǳġʦ˵ֻһС
һԼдġоۣοףҶǰ˳򳭵ġ

ܿƪģ˶ʱ䣿

ܿ죬һң

ܿԭģʱԶԶ

ԣΪҪȥܶϵҪЩϽɸѡۣ
Ҫܳʱ䡣

ܿĽ־ΰԺ֮ģǷٽ
ʲôطҪ޸ѽ

ûУֱǩ

ܿҲû

ûСԺΪƽ˾ˡ

˵Ҹ¸ȦסҾԩˣһûȥ
ȦףȻԺͨʦȦסĲǣй֪ʶ
ǷǳģС֪ʶӡ

ܿΪʲôվٱأ

ʦķŵǰӫʻͬĲ֡ҵʱ
ǳšȥ־ΰ˵()˶
ѡ粨˶ѡȷʵǷǳƽģҵʱδΪ֣Ϊʲô
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ܿȥϣƽϢ˶ѡ粨ĻͲ
ĳϮع⣬

ԣʱ̬ӵġ

̸֪У־ΰ˵Ǹ˫нҲ˵дӲ
ҵģǴһҵʱڵһվָı˵У
㻹һѧУ˵ڰ׵ߵĻұŰͳȥˡ

̸ܿٷҪվס

Ӧǰɣʦ˵һ뱻ģһǱ
־ΰƳġʱʦ뱣ңٱˣҪ֤ˡ
ǺʦסԺˣԼһϽڣΪԼ飬
֣ҾԼ˵ȥˣҾ;Լվٱ

ܿڴĽ

2Ѿ׷ʲôʦ˵ģ
ΪԼս㲻Ҫ˵ܸ˭˵ѧУ
ֻҪһ͹۹Ľۣ֤ûܸͿˡô
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(XYS20090703)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧĿǰ£ѧԲ

20090701ܿ

һ͵ΪϷɻôӰ쵽͵Ϊ
()ͻΧӰ죬;ã˼ҵ£
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Ϊʲô鷳ҵ˼ǣйЩ⣬Ĳ˵
һġ

׫塤()

20096 µףڰյۿƼѧڶѧˡܿ
߲ɷáͨѧڵҰֵѧΪ
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ѧũңڹڶ϶ܹСѧѧѧ
1984ƥȱѧУѧ𡱸ѧ1992ѧʿѧ
λʦѧҺ˼ҵȺڹѧо
ġѧԺ͹ĴǴѧйоġ̫оԺȴ
½ѧо1999ִۿƼѧۿƼѧѧѧ
ίԱίԱεְо򺭸תᡢȽϷչȫ򻯺ʹ
ѧƶȵȣСй𡷡ʲôһѧ

ѧԵķƶ

ȱʧ

ܿѧΪעҽҩѧУѧУ
̾롰Ϯš¼ΪйڵؽѧΪ֮
Ѿáֲ֡ˣο

ѧܽһУԺĸЩΪ
ǣ浽ȫйһƶȽ⣬ҲܰƶȽ
һУƶȽ裬Ϊһ֪ʶȨıһУ
⣬ǣ浽öеĸУֱӹϵемӹϵ

ǻһǶȣվЩָΪԵУԺ
ϣ;úܲΪǸС
鷳ҹȥ㿴ΧЩ̰ڱмίץ֮ǰ
豨𣬲춼ڽɲǻὲй
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ܺߣǣ浽ĽǼʮڼԪʱɺö
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ܿ˵߻᲻ϵظԼɿѡ

ѧⲢһ衣Ӣо͵Ե˼
У˼º͵˼ҵǮڷ϶thief綨ġ

һ͵ΪϷɻôӰ쵽͵Ϊ
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Ϊʲô鷳

ҵ˼ǣйЩ⣬Ĳ˵һġ

һûзǳϸЧķƶȣ㲻
ָǳѧȥ()Ϊ()
͵һ͵˼ҵǻ۲Ȩ˼ĳɹǺܳ
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ΪǿһܺõıȽϡۣ
м䣬Ҿ͸е𾪡磬4ǰһ˾һλŮԣ
Ѿһܺõеεľλˣöǰ
빫˾ϵ͵λʱαһܺôѧѧȻ¼ȡˣ
Ĺͦǿģ˾˼󲽲һֱmiddle
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ΪϸķƶȣһЩġꡱǵйڵظҴţ
٣Ǻ˸ܵ٣Ϊͷ̫ˣй
ڵûطһϸķƳĻҪ
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˭֪ITϢķΪԽԽˣԲ
߻˻ģ쵽ĿȫǡҪûֺϸķƶȣ
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ܿҲ˵ѧΪ޷ƣǸУȱ
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ѧ⣬Уй½
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Ϊͳѡ(1987)Ұݵǵʱǳã
Ϊʲôѡͳأй˿ΪһС飺
˵ʱ˱˵һиȾĻûн仰
ģڵĸоǰݵԼĻýһңǾ
ǰݵǽģһһϽģݵʱûи
creditûи˼ҵǻ۲ȨӦеĳϣΪ飬ֻѡ
˼ҿݵ϶ûи˼ҹĻǰѡ
ͳλԺǲܺõʹĹȨ
й˿̫ˡ(ºݵҲԼʱʱָء)

ܿ˵ЩԵˣʵϵǺ

ѧֹԵ˺͵ΪҲҽص㣬
ⲻѧ⣬ȫ͵ΪթΪ󵼹ڵ
ΪζһģǻѧϰģСѧϰ꼶
Ҳѧϰַʽĳɱ͡ߣǶȥѧϰֱ
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ܿĿǰһЩΪĲ

ѧҲΪʲôֵĶ(ЧӦ
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well-established(ٹ)ѾԹöˡ

ǰȱ֪ʶʱҶԺⷨв˽⡣
⣬й൱ŵģ(ЧӦѧΪ)ⷽ
Ϣ൱׵ģйڲЩ飬ȱ֪ʶϢ
ǹ˲֪ô죬֪ʶϢϵرʵ
ʩ

̨ϡ̨µģ˶֪ô죬Ͳ죡ԭ
ڱ˫桱г֪ôԤ̰̫˽ˣ¹̷۵
Щǲ˽Щ˽̫ˣǾΪ˽
飬(ٵ)ַԽԽЧ

йھΪЩƶȷĻڶסˣΪ
ûƶȿԽҲ˵й˲ô֣ͳͳ֪
Ϊ֪ЩڣԲԽԽ˵Ĳ֪ĻΪ
ʲôȥթƭΪ۱ץסǺصġǣ
ǹ˲֪ЩزЩ

ܿΪҪйһ
ЧӦѧΪƶȣӦôЩ֣

ѧǷҪҸղŽԼͬ
صЩԼͬЩصصж()Ҫһ
¶ϵѹǲܵġ

κһ棬һõƶطչ󲿷ǿ
¶ϵѹ

ܿᵽġ¶ϵѹָʲô

ѧ˵йķҪ˼Ϸͥ˾ЩԵ
ҪܹҵʦȥظߣйķͥйʦܴЩ
⣬ô죿ũرǷáǷתԺ˵ũȥ
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)ƶȲܽûЩΪ긴һ
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ʾЧӦ

ܿҾúҪһǣǵǷƺҲڵĮ

ѧǷĵĵĮ͸ղҽĶһ£Ϊûܵ
ûܵߣ٣øߵĿѣ
йô˰˵Ǯüǧ˰˵ǮʵνĿ
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飬ֻ˵Ӵģ̫ɵˣôôôΪʲ
ô겻أ´лᣬҾôǡʾЧӦ

ܿѧңǷйĿǰѧ׼
ͬҲйϵ

ѧڻûеѧ׼(ѧ)ִ
Ϊ

棬ԡթ󵼡ùùȨ
ƻǻЧ״ҽҪ㡣

йȱǸ᷽ġµԷжĻᡢ
ȨŮȨȺıһЩҪܶ΢۵ġ
ΪһһûЩеġ

ܿôΪѧ߸ˣ״Щʲôأ

ѧѧ߸ʲôҲˣԼܲ£Ѿܲˣ
ΪԱߵջ̫ˣҽǴʵԼȥ£Լȥ
˼ңѾܲˡ

֪ʶĴǷǳ۵ģʱһ˶ʣòŪ
һһˣ룬ذ

ܿ˽УйѧΪʲô


ѧйѧֱⷽǡǰPRC(л񹲺͹)
People's Republic of ChinaͳPeople's Republic of Cheatingƭ
թƭΪй˼Ǹ٣й˾˼ơһ
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ܿΪڶѧΪм䣬
ã

ѧڹܹ¶ˣ˵ȥ¶Լλ
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ˣҪܸߵۣܲס

Ϊйڵ֮ڣ˾ǣһЩǱڵĺ
㲻ǵãǲܰЩеĶߡйڵ
֮£һ֣ܻеĶߡⶼҪгɱġ

(XYS20090703)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys2.dropin.org)

ʳƷȫʵʩ֮

20090703չ۲˼

۲                       

νӿ롢ӿڳµйϰնԡ͡Ĺע̶
ûôŹ

걩ʳƷȫ¼ǰʹһʳƷȫǰ
ҲԷȥеǡ

ơʳƷȫܱǶ٣Ȼżʣ
ԣɵİ䲼ֻǵһʵʩִСơкܳ·Ҫߡ

ڡж೤

ƵƵʳƷȫ¼ʹùڶԡʳƷȫ˺Ȼ
ݼ˽ʳƷȫҪܹЧʵʩ衰ʵʩ
׽衣

һ棬ڹԺŵĹʳƷȫίԱδ齨ɣ
ֶμܡĶಿ֮Эһ棬ʳƷȫʵʩ
ļδ̨طĸδɣලҩ
ࡢʼйػηִֹලвȷ֮

ʵʩĸְȨ·δλⲻ˶ԡʳƷȫ
ЧԲɡ61գʳƷȫܸزŹԱʱ
ʣ61պලִݣʼࡢ̡ҩִ֤ô
죿ĳؼලҲʿӳδӵκй֪֪ͨ 
ô죿

ԴˣʳƷȫۺЭලֳָ־ʾ׵
ƶȻƶУԺưڴԡʳƷȫʵʩ
ݰĽ飬Ҫʱ䡱һЩ취ĳ̨ҲҪ
ԱνӡŷֶιְȷԺ󣬵ط
ҲҪӦĵЩļڱ㵼¡ʳƷȫʵʩ
Ҫ൱һ̡

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ԹڵĹ˰ţطйزָҪ

ĿǰҲ̨̳ԡڡ ʳƷȫ
ܹ֪ͨ㽭ʡʳƷҩƷܾйʿʾ㽭ʡ칫
5³ӡˡʵʳƷȫʵʩ֪ͨڹ
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֪ͨҪ󡰸ũҵ̡ࡢʳƷҩƷܵȲҪ
աʳƷȫĹ涨ݸְϸִиʳƷȫƶȡ
ڻĸְܵλǰҪԭеְֹø
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ְܽӶּܿհסְ塢β⡣

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һֹڡԴˣ־ǡꡱʾʵʩ
һӰķУ϶Ҫ൱һ̡Ҫʵ֡ʳƷ
ȫҪĻҪʱ䡣ڹԺҪչΪ
ʳƷȫٹԸõع淶

ꡱ޲Ҳ̡ʳƷȫùڴȻ
һ·Ҫ೤Ĺڲϡ족Ϊϰյ
ֻĿԴ

ܡ΢ڸ

ʵʩơǹעĲ֡Ϊҹ
ʳƷϵͷֶιص㱻ΪʳƷȫ¹ƵĻס

ũҵ̡ʼʮž漰ʳƷȫܣ֮
Ȩ໥üΣɼܲѾ 
ʮһȫЭίԱʦʩ̸ͷͷֶιʱ̾Щ
ʳƷȫ⣬ӹͨѻжп֣ܳÿŶҪ
йЩʳƷȫ⣬ĸڣÿŶΪ
ķΧȥܣ

ôʵʩġʳƷȫڼǷͻƣԴˣʮȫ
ЭίԱйԺԺʿйԤӪʳƷȫо
ʯһﶨʳƷȫûжʳƷԵĸĸ
ź

¾ʯڿеġźǡʳƷȫδͶͷֶι
ʵʸı䣬ֻѡڼпڡ΢

·ԺʳƷȫίԱᣬǡΪ߲εЭ
ЭָʳƷȫܹĿڴһ̶⡰ͷֶι
ı׶ˡʵϣҲٴȷˡͷֶιƵļʵʩ

ʳƷȫίԱǰһֻĿǰµһֱͨ
ȻûнɶЭϯȫЭίԱֱԣҪʳ
Ʒȫ⣬͵ýǿͳһܻƣڵĶಿŷֶμܸΪ
żȫ̼ܡ

˶ͷֶμƵıײרҷ˼ܲ
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ǡ١ˡءŮˡ

200210£һλһŵѧҹýУ
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1989115ѡͳͳ17ѡ17ҹý
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ӦΪ÷ˡά 9

ֱڣͬһˡͬһͬһͬһרҵʣ
ҹýмֲͬʱг֣˲ӦеĻҡ

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ǵýڶԴרķʱһҪѭҹ淶
ģɲҪĻҡ

ЩʷǺ͵ҹй̶뷨ڿ׼
ȷҲġ磬Ī˹ƣǸӢMoscowģĦ
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ЩʷǺ͵ȥʹõйȨΪ
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San Francisco(ʥ˹)ơɽɽеҲ
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Seoul ȥơǡںĳơ׶˹Զ
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˹ ά˹ˡ˹ Ү˹ˡ

ձԽϡʵȹʹûʹú֣ǵĵԼ
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Tokyoձ־Ho Chi MinhԽϣݣSinuiju,ʣ
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ЩרҹдͳĹ̶뷨ػˡıһ뷨
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TorontoMontrealάǣVictoriaػ˷ֱ
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SydneyīMelbourneػֱַΪѩ桱½
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ģ

200111ʩеġл񹲺͹ַͨʮһ
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壩ʡ

ǰ˵Щýרҵʱʶʡ磬
ɶɡáءáάáάءá֡
áùءáʿá⳵á䡱á⡱
ȵȡΪԭ֮һĳЩ༭߲֪ɶ
ɡͨ˵ġء˵༭ʵӦ鱨֪ʶ
ˡһԭҲǣĳЩ༭ϲζ֡á
Ϻ淶Ҫ󣬻ȥΪá

Ȼãζȫʡ

ʱҲǡʣֻʱʣ˴ҹϵ
õٸʡ磬绰մҹʱΪɷ硱Ҷ
մҹʱΪԡ𽥱̭㷺
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ҿƶࡱdictatorʣΪ䡱רߡߡ
ȡ

Щʲȡгʷʸױܣ磬clubΪ
ܻᡱҹܻᡱƲ̫УҲΪгʡֲ
ڡֲһѱ㷺ʹãܻᡱҹܻᡱѽʹˡ

еĴnational socialismΪ塱ǱȽ׼ȷģ
дnazism롢Ϊɴ塱Ǹ㷺ʹáɴ⡱һ
ʣɴ⵳ɴӵȡӦʡ絳ȴʹá

ЩʾҲӦĴʣҲֻʹʡþˣ
ȫ뵽ҹУձܣҲͳΪĻʻˡʻ
ҹΪ١磬ѣȣ
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ŹȡһЩ롢Ĵ磺ʲά塢˹ӣӦ
ȫʡ˹١Ѻʹãȡ

еĴֲͬʣֻиGestapo
ɴ¹ܾ죬ǵġ¹ܾ족Geheime Staatspolizei
дӢֱʹô˵ġггΪɱˡ̫͡
󣬡̫һʵõ㷺ʹá

ѭʽ̶ֻ

ڽ̽ʿУĦڣֳҶĦڡĦ
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Bell־ˣ15911666꣬ĩ̴ʿй
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16241692꣩Ľɳ(Jean Pierre Abel Rmusatˣ17881832
)ɳEdouard Chavannesˣ18651918꣬ػѧң΢
(Paul Demivilleˣ18941979꣬ػѧ)ϣ(Paul 
Pelliotˣ18781945)߱Klas Bernhard Johannes 
Karlgrenˣ18891978 ȡǣӦǹ̶

Ŭר

ר¹⽻󣬾Ƿеϸ֦ĩڣв
롣ΪһߣӦôǿר

һʶ

ȣӦǿĴʻʶҹʮǵý塣
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ѧѧռԶжСֻҪڹ㷺ʱ⣬Щ
Ĵʻʱͻ֪׼ȷ

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⣬һ˺Ѽסȫò׼
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ڡǺҲԲ鵽Ըڴ200766ڡл
ĺ,һ飡 

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