                           ˿µϣ20100405գ

10.04.04ûи
10.04.05, ӡͳûСѧ֪
10.04.05, Ƶ̨ƾƵ˵硡̫ҽ
10.04.05, ͷ硶ѦӿҮ³ġ
10.04.05, ߡʿѧλӳϮĲ֤
10.04.05, ˮÿѧʵ¶ɸɺαԡ
10.04.05, ̷ҽìܵĺ
10.04.05, ӡӷ̸ҽϵҽƾס
10.04.05, һߡͷйҽҽ
10.04.05, herokingeneһתˮ
10.04.05, 人ũתˮŶϸз
10.04.05, ˼ݡϮšѧı桷
10.04.05, ˱򡶾ܵ͵ȴɿԡ
10.04.05, Ŷʮͯһ𰸡ƽ֮ա
10.04.05, googleƼԺʿλ˵һ¡
10.04.05, ѧڱѧѧоʿѡ

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                       ͳûСѧ֪

                                ӡ

    ѧߡо³ѸĲʿġһûгϮ
ĴԶ׼ţֻҪλȥһСѧ

ɭй˼롷ǽһĻ
ṹֵ;״̬ȫ򲿷ֵһĻ׼ء 
ĻĲݣҪ˼롢ɡ

    ͡³ѸǽһĻļṹֵ
״̬ȫ򲿷ֵһĻ׼ءĻĲ 
ݣҪ˼롢ɡ

    Сѧ㣬;ǼһֲɭǶġ
úܵͼĸȴֻһͱ˵˵ʲ
ôƸѧ硱ϣѧԼ塱ȻǮȺ
ԾЩѧ硱ѧ߶ˣϮ֮˵
Ĳ淶ͬԡ³ѸоĹײܷ񶨡
޼ֵۡʲôĲ淶һκ
油עɭй˼롷ҾͲЩѧ
СѧжûСеĻ³ѸоרңҶǵ֪
ǷҲǿǰġĲ淶³Ѹἰʱ
ԡеŮ潡˼ɳ¡Щ³ѸоרôΪ
ܣ³Ѹڵ£оרǷǹ۶ûУһ
Σ

    Ĳ߻༭쿻ڡ걨һ
Ϊͱ绤ҵǺ뿴ΪͳϮɭһ±绤ģϧȴ
̸ܶһȽ¶ͳϮ򡰶йѧΣ󡱣
˵ָأ԰κѧߵκдΪԡԭ
κѧߵκдһñ˵һ־ͳ˱ˡ
ܷ񶨵ĹסԴӼǰҷ4Ӣˮƽﲻ
һһس伸޾䲻ĹŶ½ۿ֮󣬾Ͳٿ
֪Ĳ߻༭ӴҲٿ
ԭˡǳˡ

    һλѧߡֳϮڵйѧϡƽˡ
˶ġѧߡΪϮ߽Ʊ硢Χ¶ߣǱȽϲġȻ
ûô಻ԳϮΪܵġѧߡҲͲгϮейѧ
ˡ

2010.4.5.

(XYS20100405)

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Ƶ̨ƾƵ˵硡̫ҽ

http://hd.openv.com/pro_play-BTV5prog_20100401_7188649.html

(XYS20100405)

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ѦӿҮ³ġ

ߣͷ

Ѧӿ׫ġϵѧ𣿡йѧϰľ顷
1ڸУΪ˵еͥĺϵѧѦӿ
ߵȽһݣѦӿ۵Ļݣݵ
Դġ

Ѧӿ£ԡʾ

20032004ȣƹѧĽãѧѡӷѣԼ
סޡʳѣƽΪ15200Ԫѧ5400Ԫ˽ƴ
ѧĽƽΪ28300Ԫѧ18400Ԫѧõ֡
һֽaidΪѧ𡱣ѧǮʹòƣʱҪ
һЩһֽgrantΪѧ𡱣ʹһƣֻ
֧ѧѵȵȡڹѧУ76ѧܸѧÿ˽
ƽܶΪ8700Ԫ59ѧøֽѧÿƽ4600
ԪֻҪԱһ¹ѧѧѺͽþͿԿѧ
ԼһĽ֧֧ѣ6500ԪýѧԼһ
͸10600ԪӻİٷֱϿѧԶԶ
ѧһ룬ɼ൱áȫõ
13300ԪԼֻ֧1900ԪͿѧҵ

Źgoogleȥѣҵݵĳ22ֱ
2003-04Ҵѧо3ݡ3˵֪
Դѧ(aid)·Ϊࣺһѧgrants
ѧgrantsѧscholarshipsѧѼ⣬Ҫ黹
ڶѧ;ѧԹwork-study job,Ǵºרҵ
ļְԻ롣ڻĿѧ
ޣʵоУ3гһ𣬼
Ŀʵ൱Ĵࡣ

ߵȽԮá3ʱЩгκany 
aids κѧany grants͡κδany loansУ
ѧӦȻκ͡κѧ
ǡƻ桱Ĳйϵǡˮƻ棩ĹϵѦӿ
õǡþСѦӿĴڽˮ롰ƻӣ
ǹСѧ᷸ô

дĵĳΪʣĹ˼ͥ
ϴѧ²Ѧӿ˵ô򵥣Ƕѧҵֱ
ȥ֤һѦӿоٵġʵ

ĿƺѦӿΪǷ䲩ԳƵġ
дʱһ·ڶѦӿѦӿԭѦӿ
о񼸺δ䣬Ү³ʷѧרҵѧѵδʹѦӿѧߣ
Ȼһͷ

Ҫο

1http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_45f00ef40100ii7n.html
2http://chronicle.texterity.com/chronicle/almanac200809/?pg=17
3http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2006158 ԡ2003C04 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studyȥѣ

(XYS20100405)

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ʿѧλӳϮĲ֤

ߣ

ǵ¡ĲʿѧλľȻϮѧ˶ʿġӱ
ѧίǡУѧ֮ܵ˿֮
ȻԴµ粻ϣνӿȥʼûм
ԭģܾøѥɦմţû˼£
ڷż٣ҵᵽƪģϸȶһ¡Ϊ
ҵṩݣؽĲݷʹ֮о

˵1ƪѧλĶǹѧģдͼʽ
󡢷̺͸ָĴţޣ޷Щط
ӳУֻܼһЩԵĶв֮½⡣
ѶԷЩҵƪġֻϣ
שΪṩһ֤ͷ̸ʰˡ

˵2ṩʿӳϮǵ£
¹6ڣ6⣬гϮ󡣺߾ޣֻ˵
һҲοȤǿԶಿٽбȶԡ

˵3߲ȫĹƪģͬʱҲƪĵ
׬ȡѣΪѧ۵ݡˣһ߲ӳϮ
ڶַַ߲ƪµȨմҿ
Ӱͨ߱Ĺݽѧо
24СʱԾɾȤ빺档

л˵ϸɻˡ

1𣺡ҺѹɶȲ˶оɽѧѧ
ʿѧλģ200210

2⽡䣺6-DOF˷³Ӧơɽѧѧ˶
ʿѧλģ20018



7 ڻ˶ѧģ͵³ӦƲԵо

7.1

˶̬ƵĿľҪʹ˵ĸؽڻĩִλܹ
Ķ̬Ʒʸٸ켣ȶָλϡˣ˶̬
оҪһʵϵͳȶԣλ˸
㣻һƸţܼٸźŶԸپȵӰ
졣ܹõ˶̬ľȷѧģͣҸźǿɼģ
ôⲢرѵ顣ԻķȽ
ϵͳԻȻϵͳ۵õ֤ϵͳ
ԵĿƲ;ڿɼĸźøЧǰȿ
ֶΡ

ȻʵϵͳУڻϵͳȷصĴڣѵõȷ
ѧģ͡νȷָڽضѧģʱδܿǵĻ
ԵءڻϵͳԣȷԱΪֲ
ڻ˸ںͲϵĸƵ̬ԡȷԷΪ
[150]ȷⲿźģģܵϵͳ״̬ļͬ
ʱַϵͳĶ̬ϵͳĸֲֽ״Լ
ģʱԵĶ̬Եȵȣģͨ˵Ĳȷ
¼ɵ[151]:

(1)ȷ:縺ء˵˼β(ġ˳
ȡ)Ĳȷ(֪δ֪);

(2)ǲȷ:Ƶδģѧִѧṹģʽ
˵Ե;ƵδģѧĦĦȣ
ӳٵȡ

ʱ簴ճԿƷƿϵͳܵõЧ
밴շ۶Ի˽зоʵʵĻ˶̬ϵ
ͳʱҪЩȷضԿƷʵӰ죬ʵ³ƣӶ
˵Ĺܡ

ĿǰԻ˵ĲȷֻƲ[152]³ƺ
Ӧơ

³ƵĻ[150]ýṹͲ̶Ŀ֤ʹ
ȷԶϵͳƷӰӵʱҲƵҪ³
ǻڲȷͱϵͳѧģͶƵġһ˵³
ǱȽϱصĿƲԣǼϵĸԪأϵͳѿơ
ڲȷһ仯ΧڣԲӦ䡱֤ϵͳ
άһָ꣬Ƚ׿ƣ³ϵͳĽṹͼͼ
7-1ʾ

ͼԣ

ӦƼ˵ĲȷԿѧģеδ֪
ͨ߹δֵ֪ʱƲԣʹϵͳи
ָķӶʹջϵͳܹҪ

ģдڲ㶯δģѧʱƸûģ;в
ȷԡ㶯ҪԴڲ׼ȷĲƻΪʱе
йץһأصԤδ֪Ҳͬصͬ
˵δģѧҪԴڴװõĦԣԼڸ
ʱԵĸƵģ̬[153]ִڲȷصĻϵͳԣ
ĿһʹڳģͲȷʱҲܴﵽϺ
ĸЧ

ǰĸֿƷģеĸֲȷԵĲһֻһ
ģ͵Ĳȷԡʵϣ˹Ծ󣬸е
ȷԲԻϵͳӰ첻ֻͬһɵԲȷģͽ
пƣ޷ﵽõĸЧ[154-155]

¸ݻģ͵ԣԾ󡢸е
ȷԲȡͬĿƹ򣬸ȷϽϵͳÿһ
ȷֽ³ơ

Էϵͳ򵥵ĿPDǶڻǿź
ϡʱϵͳԵPDһ㲻ҪڿƲѡ
ʱ򣬻ܵϵͳȶΪ˱PDּ򵥵Ŀʽ
ܿ˷ƻָӲȷڵԼͳ涯
ѧʵϵͳԻĸ㷨ԱһPDƻ
ӷԲɵĿƲԣӶ˿ṹʵʱԣ
ϵͳĶָ̬Ҫ󡣻ڱ˼ƵĿʽΪʽṹ
һ򵥵PDȷѧķԷɡͨ
֤˸÷ʹϵͳõ³ԡ



3»˿Ʒо


3. 1

˶̬ƵĿľҪ˵ĸؽڻĩִλܹ
Ķ̬Ʒʸٸ켣ȶָλϡˣ˶̬
оҪһʵϵͳȶԣλ˸
;һƸţܼٸźŶԸپȵӰ졣
ܹõ˶̬ľȷѧģͣҸźǿɼĻ
ôⲢرѵ顣ԻķȽ
ϵͳԻȻϵͳ۵õ֤ϵͳ
ԵĿơڿɼĸźøЧǰȿ
Ρ

ȻʵϵͳУڻ˲ȷصĴڣѵõȷ
ѧģ͡νȷָڽضѧģʱδܿǵĻ
ԵءڻϵͳԣȷԱΪֲԼ
˸ںͲϵĸƵ̬ԡȷԷΪ[5]ȷ
ⲿźģģܵϵͳ״̬ļͬʱַ
ϵͳĶ̬ϵͳĸֲֽ״ԼģʱԵĶ
̬Եȵȣģ

ͨ˵Ĳȷ¼ɵ[53] ,

1)ȷ:縺أ˵˼β(ġ˳
ȡ)Ĳȷ(ּ֪δ֪);

2)ǲȷ:Ƶδģѧִѧṹģ
ʽ˵Ե:ƵδģѧĦĦȣ
ӳٵ;

ˣʱ簴ճԿƷƿϵͳܵõ
Ч밴շ۶Ի˽зоʵʵĻ˶̬
ϵͳʱЩȷضԿƷʵӰ죬ʵ³ƣӶ
߻˵Ĺܡ

ĿǰԻ˵ĲȷֻĿƲ[58]:³ƺ
Ӧơ

³ƵĻ[5]ýṹͲǹ̶Ŀ֤
ʹȷԶϵͳƷӰӵʱҲƵҪ³
ǻڲȷͱϵͳѧģͶƵģһ˵³
ǱȽϱصĿƲԣǼϵĸԪأϵͳ
ơڲȷһ仯ΧڣԲӦ䡱
֤ϵͳȶάһָ꣬Ƚ׿ƣ³ϵͳĽṹ
ͼͼ3-1ʾ

ͼԣ

ӦƼ˵ĲȷԿѧģеδ֪
ͨ߹δֵ֪ʱƲԣʹϵͳи
ָķͬӶʹջϵͳܹҪ

3. 3ȷԻ˵³

3.3.1

ģдڲ㶯δģѧʱƸûģ;в
ȷԡ㶯ҪԴڲ׼ȷĲƻΪʱе
йץһأصԤδ֪Ҳͬصͬ
˵δģѧҪԴڴװõĦԣԼڸ
ʱԵĸƵģ̬[57]ִڲȷصĻϵͳԣ
ĿһʹڳģͲȷʱҲܴﵽϺõ
Ч

ǰĸֿƷģеĸֲȷԵĲһֻһ
ģ͵Ĳȷԡʵϣ˹Ծ󣬸е
ȷԲԻϵͳӰ첻ֻͬһɵԲȷģͽ
пƣ޷ﵽõĸЧ[59-60]

ĸݻģ͵ԣԾ󡢸е
ȷԲȡͬĿƹ򣬸ȷϽϵͳÿһ
ȷֽ³ƣֿƷӦõ2- DOFģϣͨ
о֤÷ʹϵͳõ³ԣʹϵͳĸ
ǿ


ˮƽޣҲŷϾ֮ȷ
֮ͬʱĴʱҪһ࣬˵ȷʵ
ϮɵġϣϤΪṩ

(XYS20100405)

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ÿѧʵ¶ɸɺα

ߣˮ

ŻţĳָĿĸƻ̬αǵ
Σ֮һйعооΪ˻
αĺǷѧᡢ࣬ɵʵΣֲܿ塣
ܶƺ˵ΪڵȾص磬ᳫ
Ǻõģʹ۵㼤һҲӦ⡣ǣϿʵȴݷϡ
ǰص̬---ŷţں̶ܴϾ
һЩĻ֯ɵĶ磬ˮͺ˵ʯԴ
еԴȻںܶԴòõ⣬
ڼ˻α谭ƻ

ǵĿѧʶˮƽĲ죬ĳЩ˶Իֳĳּ
̬ȵļ˻ɺİ컵µЧԴƺӦĳ̶ֳ
ԭ£ͨռѧ֪ʶ߹ڵĿѧʹ
ǻĶЧﵽͳһȻʵʵвʶļ˻
һһԻΪרΪԼȡλȨα
ƭӡЩܵǶԻ̬ȼˣһ
Ҫҥƭڡα֪ʷԣҥԱ
Ҵ֮Ҳ뷽跨ıµҥڸǾɵҥԡ

磬ҹα֯Ϊ谭йˮ翪ıŭ
Ͻԭ̬Լйˮ翪سʾߣѾ
̬ѵҥԡҹܶҪĴˮ翪صӰ
ǹҵԴṹչйеԴˮ緢չ
ͺΪ㾭÷չԴҹòĿɺȼú̿
һʹҹĿƵ̬񻯡ŷżҲ
ҹķչ˾޴Ĺȥĸ籾ϣҹķչ
ڹú̿Դ̼ŷŹ࣬Ѿ˷չйҺͷ
ͬıԹ

ʱЩͨҥڶйˮķչҹ
ŷŵйļ˻αǣȴԼͬȫҪ
Ļװơ˻ʿҲѾеĵԿʼ
Ĭͷ˼ȻαԼҥƻйЧԴ
ԺûκΣܻڱأԸˡ

ϣڹɫʽֺ֧Ĵ£йα
ϵͳҥѾþ޴档ǵ֯
гĹʽ֧֣ҺܶαӢڹ˸ֻ
󽱡ǹΪ˸ȴǶ࿪ɺȼڶֵú̿෢ʮ
ѣŷʮڶֵĶ̼Ҹйȫ̬˼
в

ڸ籾ڼ䣬ȫŷĹעˮȫ
ϵļ幦ʵйαȻʱİԼ
ˮĿαװȻΪ˼ù⼫˷ӻ֯ĸʽ֧
֡ɳָйƻйչйܶǾ
еġԣйϵشɺʱαȲ
ٴҥˡһ򲻸ʼįйαĽܳ
ҹϳشɺȫ񶼻Ͷ뿹Ĺؼʱ̣ʧʱ
۶ϴйε˻صĹע

˽ǰϦ2010326գӵġСУ
һ ʡ ˽ĿڽĿһʼĿν
˵Ҫʮʱ䣬һһ̤ôǱߵ󽭡һλα
Ӷ̽˵˾ʵˮ̤ˡһΪ
ǾЦʵȷʵô¡͹۵˵ϴ˻
ؾҹˮ⽨ˮ㡣Ҳ˵Ϊα
֯ġʮСĳɹҥıҹˮԴѾ
ʾߣ̬ѡʡдˮĿ裬
֮꣬ûдˮ⣬ˮ㣬ô˴ѡ

Ȼͨҥⳡ󺵳ֵʼٸ˽
ǰϦĽĿУٴ˵ķʽѴ󺵵˻Ƹֲ
Ϊ׷GDPֲֲ˴ˮ
شɺرźǣҹĹڿѧߣαͨ
ֽ㲥ӡȫλҥӰ£ȷʵвˣ
ϡͿİϸɺԭָֻҪԼӷǾͲ
ϴ󺵵߼©

ӿѧϿһλ˿ָеɭֶнˮ
ˮ֣ھã˰ɭֱΪȻˮ⡣һ
棬Ҳ˰ľˮȷʵһ档ľҪҪй
ãȻҪˮ֡ͬʱڣλɭҪͬ
ػݱֲĸˮϵֲ֮ɭ֣ԭͻĮ֣֮ˮ
ǾءˮɭֵĹϵˮɭֵĴڶɭ־ˮ
Ķ١

ҹרŵоҵоҲܹһ
Щʵݸĵо˵ǡˮÿϳ1
أҪ1000ˮ˼̴㽶Ҫ800ϣ
ֻҪ510ɼˮЧʺܸߡңаĺĿ
ˮоݰ뵺ļԵˮĲԵģ
һˮԴá֮⣬Ϊٶȿ죬Чա
̻̼֮һֲǼȫЧĴ
ʩ

ҵоĵоαˮ෴
ˮԴˮ֡Ϸӵã˿ѷɫ
ʵϣĴĺī-ӵ֧Դͷ֣
Щ˼ЧˮԴãī-ҲƬ
֣ľҲûBailly1974˹Ӷ
Ȼֺ֡ʹҶ(Eucalyptus robusta)˹8
Ĺ۲⣬ɴҶˮС˵󲿷ˮֶУ
Чرˮҹй˹רҰ׼,Ƶ1989ͳ
ƣ󡢷ֲܱߵƽˮ152.5ף
ƽӽˮ6.6죬ƽ75.3ףʪӣ
Ӷ˵صС

һλԹġˡѣҲ˿վʵ¶
ɸɺĻԡֲָҪǶϲв
ǹõҵشʺֲ
ɺҪɫСӳУҲƹԭĶ£˵
ƹԭΪĵĸɺĵطϹݵĴ󲿷ֵѾڸɺ
֮Уʧȥ˿ɶյĵαȻ˵¡ҵǣ
ֲĵȴǺֲĵȴǺ
˵ˮûгأϲвˮȴ
Զڼ⣨ˮġɸɺơ

֮Ҫ̬滷رҪǾ߱һĿѧ
ʵǵ̬ȣһЩĻȡ泴
ɸɺĻṫеĹ㷺һҪرα
̬ƻáһҥԣֲֹͣɫɽ
̬ն̼ЧߵԤĸɺ޲
Һܻܿõص̬ѺͺֺͬʱȵӰ
ҹ̼ļȣȫ̬ɾ޴вɼα
ʵʴʲôʮƻ̬

(XYS20100405)

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ҽìܵĺ

ߣ̷

ⲿҪ̸ҽìܵһЩĿǽʱӵġԭ£

Q2һͻЩƻԵĺУ˭ܺˣǷ˻棿
У˭

ҽìܻ˵ĺŵģܺȫҽԱߺ
ĹûһӮҡҽԱԣְҵɾ͸ԽԽС
ԽԽͣ˵ӡԽԽֱ£ҽԱߴ
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