                           ˿µϣ20110807գ

11.08.05-06ûи
11.08.07, ӵʦνԡһµĿ
11.08.07, ӣ
11.08.07, طҹ̷̸ѧ̡
11.08.07, ֻԡУܡۡ
11.08.07, fishڻŵ⡷
11.08.07, ׸ֵԴ˹漣
11.08.07, ФǡʵٱϴѧѧԺ׵ԺʿʦѧΪ֮2) 
11.08.07, С桶ڡĹ-Ϻѧվһ򱨵Ĵ𸴡
11.08.07, סǡϺʿġԡĵˣûԣ
11.08.07, Ρ¶ɹؾ
11.08.07, ¡Ҳ̸ϺסԺҽʦ淶ѵʵʩһ꡷
11.08.07, һйHabilitandλʲôĻظ
11.08.07, Ҫ֡ˬ ѧҽܻоɹ˵
11.08.07, Ԫϵصġơ
11.08.07, ġĳϮǧ𣿡
11.08.07, ѷ鷴ս ӰǻԼѡ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ӵʦνԡһµĿ

ΪʿоʱĵʦԸҶԷʿйе
ܳλ֧֡

ҶԷʿεͼڮЩȤ

ʿҵʵʵо1995걻販ʿѧλ
оڡﻯѧ־һƪоġ֪
ĹʱĿ飬RNAۺøIIת¼TFIIFȻTFIIB
Ӧ

Root-Bernsteinʿָ֮Ļûܿʿ
Root-Bernstein˺ĻӦ

ֿģ

Zachary Burtonʿ
Ъѧﻯѧѧϵ

As Dr. Shi-min Fangs former graduate school mentor, I would like 
to re-iterate my support for Dr. Fangs prominent position in Chinese 
society. 

I have no interest in the efforts of Dr. Fangs political 
opponents to try to discredit him. 

Dr. Fang completed a good quality thesis in my laboratory, awarded 
in 1995. He published a high quality research paper in the Journal of 
Biological Chemistry based on his thesis work. So far as I know, his 
thesis work has passed the test of time, and Transcription Factor for 
RNA polymerase II (TFII)F still interacts with TFIIB.

If there is merit in Dr. Root-Bernsteins accusations, I fail to 
see it. Dr. Fang has responded to Dr. Root-Bernstein in a reasonable 
and measured way. 

With best regards and sincerity,

Zachary Burton, Ph.D.

Professor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Michigan State University
E. Lansing, MI 48824-1319

(XYS20110807)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ӣ

 Ф
20110805ձ

Ӽ
1927ϺйѧԺԺʿѧѧоļְڡ
ѧѧרҵʿʦйѧԺооԱר
ҵʿоʦڰ˽졢ھŽȫЭίԱйƲ֮һ 
ڴ۵оĿǰ΢⡢΢⼰˫˥
۵оȡαѧ˵ȷ⣬Ϊعʡĸ
ҪɾͣȻѧȽֽӸ
ϳ۵ѧ˼

ӡһ

֪ĺӡΪ칦ܡ֮αѧս
ΪܹעҲͼϵɷúӡ绰йѧԺ
оӵ绰˵æлɷáΪǸʮ
Ժʿ

2011618գϿѧΪء֮١˽˹֮
һĺӡҼ˸ͷߡλרҡڹЦ
зȤĺӡҴǰġΪྶͥԽҪɷ
ҵƬҽܣ˵ɷҵݷ
˵ðҵĲɷñдֻţмͥ绰Цŵݸ˵
ˣͿ϶ҵĳ

ˬ죡ˬҴ⣡լڡ˽˵ˣһҲ
زʾ˵ġνڣȻر

дĸӣҴ绰Լɷá˵ܾʱ䣬
İɣ76գԼпԺо¾˵ɣ
ʣһӦսӡ20ʱ䣬Ⱥɷλ
ѧңӻǺѣλĲҲ߯ƽ
۱ϡ

йĿѧҵУЩܹվ˵ˣȽ١
ȴȻӽķԡ칦ܡαѧķԺܡԾ
ڸ˵Ҳ顣˵ʲôԭܹ
ΪһڷĿѧң

ҵЦ˵ش⣬ȼָӣ˵򵥵ġ
1955꣬ԭӵǮǿԵҽпԺԭо
ΪƵʽҺͬһʮСʱز롢ۡ㣬
࣬ƨͨǶôԵĳ棡ѧ
ǲӡ۶ԴƨҲûϵΪ˿ѧ˭Ҳ
ƽϣҲǰѧۡѧķõУ˲ϰ
ߣܲˡʵأô򵥣

˵⣬δû˼Ҳ˵Ϊʲô˵ɣ

˵ҵĸ˾кܴϵʱΪʲôμӸԼ
ԺܵĶкܴϵ

û뵽ӻһϸ1945꿼Ϻ1947ת廪
ѧй˵ΪʲôΪڹ㵺ԭ
Ҫ֪1945ԭӵЩȰѧѧУ
𶯼ѽԭϻôĶԭӵȻѧҪ
ѧһᣬ廪ѧתѧҪԣĿǳѣ
¼ȡ׼ǳߣûϼˣ֮һһǹעԭӵһ
ǹĹҵǰ;

ǵʱ뵳˵ʵȷû뵽٣һҲûУң
ܿԵȫǳڰ

ΪʲôҪμӸǵĶȺһѹܰģ
ƾŽ׼μˡһΪʵ롣ҼҲˣȽϺá
Щ˲μӸͳһ˼ǿѧǾȹ
Ϊ˼еҪһ飬Ľ̿顶ξ
ѧƷ˵𣬽ʾϵìܣǰһ
ɷչģǿѧۡЩ벻ףΪʲô
ô֪ʶҪŹߣΪߵǿѧ·ʱ˼ѽ
ѽ߲ܶ࣬ͨѽѧǿеİ

ΪѧܶûУǸȻѧˣ
׾ʲôʲô·ģҪ侲ġע仰ѽ
Ҫѧй֮ȡʤǿë󶫰˼õ
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һλ84ĳߣº׷硢ϲ˵
趯ȭͷ򿪻Ц˺ܶܶ࣬аĸķ˼

˵ˣѡһ׷ѧѧѧֿ
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һݡһֱ߶ȹעǵķչ·ôߣҲڹע
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ҪվҾã飬һԣ

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ߣ˵뵳Ϊ٣Ϊƶѧйʵ
٣ܵ൱ˣ

ӣ٣𲻵͡˵ҵԸʺ١ͷ
ˡΪٻҪеı£ֱʵԸ񣬲ʺ١

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ӣѧҪоԡ칦ܡ֮αѧҪоѽ
״ʲôطҪоÿ⣬ҪиݣҪ
ġҪѧƾ顣ٸ͵Ӻòã

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ʲ׼Ψ塣ҿһϣ㡣֪ɣ廪ѧ
ڣʷѧҡоǲǴŮǸģ
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ڿѧҪף㡵ʱλʲ׼ʷѧң
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棬ƨ

ԺȻ򣬱Ҹƾ飬ġǣ
ȺվñҸߣŽ⽨ĽǶȳ㡲
Ķ⣬ⱾҲǿѧоѽ֤ǴŮҲܲ
ܿѽҪ֤֤Ѱ

˰ɣǸһЩ飬һЩҪѧġʱ
ܵĽѵ²ʶ»Ȼѽһȣʹͬ
Ҹ⿿鲻У

ǡɡǡɡ

ߣԺ˵硰Ծúܶ˸е𾪣ĻνҲ˵

ӣɺ˵硰ԾΪʵݡƪ¶ܳ
ѽǸ⡣Ǹ滮2050˵Ҫ4ǧ5ǧߣ
2020Ҫ7ǧǧ߻8ǧǧߡձ¹ʳԺҪԹȥĹ
з˼

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ӣ֪߷ǳ࣡ԣԵҲѽ˵ǹ
ЩطҲЩطʷûзǿ
԰Ѻ˵վûĵطʷûз4ϵĵط
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ӣѽڿѧǰƽȡҷԺ˵硰ԾҲҪ
˷ҵ粻Ե˼άԷ
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˽һղңʱûйǣй
ǵģĶǲǿѧģǲǿɿĹǡ
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лĺڡϣʷûǸ
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ϰաˮѣôˮȴ˵վ𣿺˵վǾԲ
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ڲûȫѧؼҪһȣһŷ񶨣˸һ
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˵ǵԴ170֣ܳ200֡ʵԤģͣ
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Ҳѧ⣬ұжԿѧľʲô˵Ƿǳط
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ˡЩ֪йĳйˡνһ
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ߣĳЩ˵棬ĳЩ˵ġ롱ԭݣ
ǮǵĲ·ܵв

ӣвеġڱϾǷᡣӵλÿܱȷӸ
һɡ˸Ҵӣӣڰɣв
ҼŷţǱۣձ粻󣡿յ̫ˡһ
ʱڣŶⱣҿЦ˵һظ߸ɴ
˵ʵûбҪҲ̫ˣ˰ɡ

ҲҪѧ

ߣֱԣ̸·ȤԸϽ

ӣǵġԭԸģСʱֻͷ飬Сѽ
ʱŽ˼ѡС飬һиСȦӡμѧ˶
ǴȦˡȥ˵Ҳ֪ô˵ڣϲȫǺ
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ߣ84ˣô棬һ磬̸ЦΪʲô


ӣ㲻֪ɣܵȥǸտ굶34
׵ְ壬9öӣ׵̶6¾ܵϿˡ

ȥҴʮа˸˵ʦˡưɡǲȡ
ȡҪġΪʲôпѧһǴˣ
ָ껹ڻĿԶûˡڲ׵
϶ԽԽԽԽѽڶվж
һЩоĴзջеģҪ̫ˡ
ҲӳҵĿѧ񣬻лȡǰҪ׷
ãͿԶһЩ

Ϊѧ֮вҪƵģҪѧơУ
ʵԽġҴ̫ȭܱ׼̫ȭ12
̫ȭ̫Խ

(XYS20110807)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

̸ѧ̡

ߣطҹ̷

ѧ̡һȻ𾴵֡ձǰһƪµĽ
ͣġ̡ӦΪĿսʱڷչԭӵ
ĿManhattan Projectٹ̣ǡѧ̡


ռλĴѧĿƺ͵ĿѧʵװãĿ
ǹĿEngineering projectȫӦǴѧĿߴ
ѧװĿȤǣЩĿйҲųƴѧ̣ȴ빤޹ء
ͿѧʵװöойأԿѧԺɴ߷һ
һѧ˿ѧȻҲһЩѧĿ
ѧ޹صģҹѲԶLAMOSTĿļ
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ڿѧԺҼͷʮеȤġѧ̡ġ

޹̵ӰӵĴѧǣй1%Ŀ
Human Genome Projectǿѧ˺սһӡࡰ
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һȥάٿƣӢİ棩µĿ˿ڲμӹ
йڰͻ˹̹ǰ棩֮⣬йĿķоĿꡢ
ƺ֯ȵݣҳҲһййء˷޷޲ƽ
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׶ΪҪܺƣ򲻴йЩۣĿӦ
ǿѧԺɹĿ֮һ

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ȤıͬҪһ㣬ȴ˳һˮ㡣
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бˣҪ̸̸Ŀ˵һλ5ϺԴĿ
ȻûʲôоȴʦƼȥѧƵĿѧԺԺʿ
ѡˣһǹһطҪȥԴĿ²ȥ
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˿ѧԺҪûѡϣǾ͸ӱйĿԺ
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(XYS20110807)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

Уܡۡ
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㽭ʡҽѧѧԺоԱ  ֻ

[2011711աѧʱѧר棩 
http://news.sciencenet.cn/dz/dznews_photo.aspx?id=11981  Ϊδɾڰ档]

ȻѧĿ취¼ơ취ʮ
涨Ŀ룬ȻѧίӦݺй
Ҫͬרҿѡ3רҽͨѶ󡣡ʣ
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ҩֲᣬΪҽѧӦ֪ĳʶȴרĿУҪ
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Сļֻ˵ȷ˵ȷʵԽǴǿ
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еĿԡϵ¶Ŵѧ乬ʮ·ֵ
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޶νֻھ绰֮༦ëƤκʵ
ݣרҳʶЦ󷽣Ҳ

лѵԱĳλԺƣͨƷ
֮٣1%ʵδǺ󡣱ν
ͬ˾ϵ߳һּڷֹԩٴԣ
Ҫʵݣǡ顱ġȻиȴֹ涨ۡ
˵ͨۡĸ޷𵽾õġ

(XYS20110807)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ڻŵ

ߣfish

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һʿоԴӶ˲ʿķûһ˿Ŀֺ
ܡҷֹڵһΪԼ̽һĿǰ
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ӿܶҵְҵġŪʵ齫ɾ

Ļظ



(XYS20110807)

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һͨڡرĽԷٽұ׵Ϊ
塣μӹ人¶Ӣѧκ󣬶¶Ͽιʹ
ּʹҶ¶ôƭֶ׬ȡӡ
дһƪ¶¶¡ھͰƪ´ƪȫ
ʵšôڲ˸ܴڲ֮Ƕ¶
ΪûаԩѳƲ⣬ԻνԻ;ȵȡ
Ϊ¶ûȨͬѧôϣ塣
˾

¶ɹؾ

ߣ

һͨУѧǰһʱ䱨μ人¶Ӣ
ѵࡣǴһʼγ̽人¶˼ӡ
γ̽ںͬѧĽз֣ҲձΪ¶һЩΪ
޷ܡȥ:

ȣǰ¶ĽѧǮҪ뿪ʱһҳ¶
ĹԱѯμڰܷϿΡǿ϶ġǹԱ
ȴ˵Ҫ,̫پͲῪࡣеǳ
ʲôȨôֻ׬Ǯ⡣еҵ
һһˡչ˾پܾĳһ˺࣬
ӰԺĳһƱٶܾӳӰ൱Ĺ˾֪Ȿ
ڼӪĻô¶ʲôȨֻ׬ǮϵĿξϲ
ϵĿξͲϡǮҾͰϿʱ¶ĿϿΡ

Ҳò˵¶ĿóթԼĹƭ֡Ͽ
ʱ涨ϰ˵룬Ȼڿκ󲻾ֵһλĽʦϿʱ
ȴٳٲӰ˴ѵܹĴĿΡȻογٵ
һγٵﵽ߰˷һǲҵֱʲô⡣ѧ
УϿʱκһνʦδʱа೤ѧУĹԱ֪ͨ
ٵʱ¶ĹԱδκν͡޷ܵ
ԵʲôҲûһûн͸ûκεǸʳٵһ
ҲһٶĳٵƾʲôšȻ
ȷʵҲԭ¡ٵͬʱֳһ
̬Ҫһ¶ԼԱôѵġҲ֪û
ǲԲֶ֪ڽҵ¶
ͻ¶ĹԱѵԶԿͻȱò˵
һּ䲻˵Ϊڵһ߽ͨһҵ
йԱʺáҲ¶ĿͻʺãŴٵ
ȴһԲ𶼲˵ǲ̫ˡ¶Ľдšٵ
ͬѧӺŽ¶ΪٵһͬѧӰΪʲô
ٵΪܲʡΪˣ¶ͶἰµǵĴ
ֱǿЦ¶ĹԱ˵¶ʦࡱʣ
¶ʦͿԳٵôиҵôϰҲԳ
ѵࡱɵĳٵͿԲǸ¶ЩĻӦֱ
ߡ¶˵ʦٵѾĹʡ¶˼
ΪĹٵǺġѾǮ
ġȨҲⲻһ¡ǵģȷʵһ¡һ
СԽ¶Աĵֵ쾡¡ѵ?

ʵʵ˵ٵԲ¶صĴ󡣵ǣҪ˵
¶һĻĻ޳ܵƭֺͼ̤ҵºͳ׼Ϊܶ
¶Ϊ¶Ľʦгɫʵҿ¶ʦ
ɫûԱġ˾¶Ĺ⻷թα˵ľ
ƭȡѧԱΡ¶ȴڱ֧֮֡ԱμӢ
ѵ˽һ¶ĽʦѧУʦڽѧʲô
ʲô¶ѧ

¶ѽЩ˵͸ˡˣΪ¶ġͬ
족Ϊչ¶ĽʦԶڴѧӢʦһĻĻ޳ܵƭ־ʹ
ݡ¶ʦԼķǷѧԱһϢ¶ʦ
ȷޱ㡣˻߼¶һֵõ顣Ǹ
Ϊ(һʵӵںܶ෽涼ֳ׾)Ϊ˱
Լġ˳ɫԲѵصżٺѧԱơҲȫ
ѧӢļԵĳ⡱;Եһˮ̫Ĺԡһ
ױȵĻԽ޳ܱʱ¶ɡĻԿ˵ĳŵ
ĵµ¶ҵ׼¶թ
¶Ϊƭȡ˿͵λʲôʲô˵
ԣȻвͬѧΪ档ǿ¶ô
Ĺ˾Ӧòôؼĸ˾ѡΪ¶ԱҲα
˵Ҫɡ

ǣʵǵʱ¶ֻ赭д˵ʦڴ
ꡱꡱ־ܽ⡣ôһҵ棬һд˾
ţһмˣһʵթô͡Ϊ
ʵۡƿΪʹüļƾһʱΪȫ۵Ľ㡣
̨˵ƿѧһ⣬Ӧرעĵ
ȷȷƿѧ˳⡣ΪҵթΪΪ
ٵϢݸĿͻƭȡͻΡôȴԸ¶
޴ľ档־ûԺթõġ

¶ƷƳΪΪһЩ¶ʦթƭĵߡһЩ
¶Ϊ¶ʦӦòڹؼѡˣ
ȷʵļĳ⡣ɴǸóһۼ¶ʦȻ
ɫܲļԵĳ⡣人УʦûһλȫѧӢ
ļԵĳ⡣㿴һͨԱļ¶Ȼ鴫
¶ʦ޳ܵĻ¶ġΰ¶ġΰʹ¶
ĻԸױܡǣ¶γһԵѭ룬
κ鶼иȣļļѵͷȴ¡Ϊƭȡѧ
Σϧ˵Լǲļġʦһ£仰
һΪļо̡ôĿһļо޴İ
ô߼¶ֵõġԷǳε˵Ļ¶
ļѵо޴Ӱ죬¶˻൱Ŀ϶ʹʵ
¶Ŀκá¶޳ܵΪŲô
ڣںϿٵĻƭȡͻΡôҵ׼
ʲôļѵ˵Լļĳ⣬һѵ
˵Լĳ⡣¶ʲôٻ˵ڡ¶
ȨôôҵҲôԱƭȡͻν׬ȡ
ֻ׬ȡͲࣩʣ¶
ҵΪ᲻סΪֻϳ¶ŶԵгŵҵֻг
а塣

֮⣬ΪԼ֪ʶԨرǡծȫ
ֵĻۡǷôǮƲˡ
൱GDP8ԸôǮ˭ôǮأ
ֻ˵֪ڿϵϢʵزֶʲô
֪ʲôʦѧʲôҪĶѵˣ
ΪչԼĶļ졣Ū˸ƽʵĶκ
ľǽġƽ򡱡Ļƽҿֻһ
߻ȦסķͬѡѡСȡ
һ¾֪ǳԵĹɸзһ룬ͬѡһ
ǶԵô𰸣ΪһҲǶԵҲҪѡȥֻ
߶ڡѡСһķǳͺñһһ
ԾǷԡֻҪϸһ¾ͻּᷢʹķҲ©ٳ
ʣ˼෴ɶĿ޹غġС˵һİ
Ƥ顣ÿһӦĿӶͬѧᵽ
顣ҿνİƤһƭ˵Ȧסͺñһƭ׼
һЩ鵤ҩȻֽҩԼƵĲˡ¡˵Щ
ܲҩ𣿻һҩ?ķȻ׼
ǳá뿪Щϻ𣿻ļϹ𣿿һ
Цķˡ˵ԼҲϡϿεnothing but ֻ
УƤ顱ԼҲ뿪˰Ƥķͻ¶ڡ

˵һ˵һλ¶ġʦΨ档Ͽθһ崺
ĸо¶ȷʵһıǾڲ֪Уͻ
ΪӢˮƽǳ˲𡣲Ҳ˺ƵֶΣû԰װ
ԼԲѵ˵:ܶãЩֱûãҲ
֮ãֻ¶Ŀγ̷ǳáҷ׷
¶ĹԱǵĻشΨ¶ڲ¡¶
ȻڲҲ顣һûгȴЦ˳á
ͺñȲȴЦغ˿Ա¶
ʦֻܵóһۣ¶޳ֻֻҪܴ
һжǶԵġǣһһƭһһԲϳ֡¶
ĿϻұӵĵطΨڿϽkiss my ass
ҵƨۣȵﲻһһ׸

ʵĲ¶ϵΪҵͶ
ֳһҰ̬ȡҵһ¶Ͷ
ʱʱֻǽ⣩áꡱȼ赭дػظ
ʼǲκδ󡣸κεǸҪ
ͨ绰ʱҲܾˡұǺǵĻظҺʼ
գ¶ΪԼΪ⣬ûκεǸ˼ұ
ǵǶԵġұ¶ݽ˵ڶݲϡǿǵ
ΪǣһһšĹԱ˵ǹ
Ҫ㣬Ҳҡ¶ڸҲҪʶ̧١¶
Ϊ˴ңȻҵҡյĶײҲ
߼ҡ¶㶼ҡ¶ʵ̫˲һ
人¶ĹڲܾȻáҡһҪ
ʲôݣҺ˾ܾǵ顣òǵ
Ӧ档һʱšѧУżٺ뿪人
人¶绰Ҫȥ档˵Ҳ人Ǳҵ人
ټ档ΪǿԵʼʽȸһ˵Ҳ
áǣ82¶һΪʼ¶Ļظȫ
:

ѧԱã
Ƿ͵ʼѾյдĲҲ쵼
ˣǵĴǵ人˺һμ棬ϣܹ
ǽ̸ҲѾ˽⣬Ĳ̫õĵ
ðĵطܹҲϵ̬Ǹ
人¶ѧУ   

¶83ҷʼԱҵĵڡ
ߵ黹Ƿˡ

һص人󣬳ٳδ¶ĹԱϵҴ绰
׷ʿȴ˵ҾܾġҲˣһ¶Ŀγ̣Ҿ
֤ʵĻԺͿܴڵĻʵ̫࣬Ψ⡣
˵ΨʲôĸģΪðٶȻǹȸ趼޷
ҵΨ顣ʱһŵҲȷϴ
¡ǣҷ¶ĹԱ׷ʴ£ں̫ĳб
֪ʼվܾشҵ⣬һЩ޹صӦǹڲ
ʦΨ棨Ϊ¶վϹڲΨ֣ʲô顣
¶ͲΨ治ǹڲʦΪɾܾҵ⡣¶ֱ
һΪǲǹڲֻҪΨʲôͿ
ˡ˵ҲǸ¶վṩ˵ǹڲ
ʦĲҲֻ˵ǵվϢǵĹԱ
ԼվϢ

޷̵·ˡҶΨʲô
ĹԱϷŪһ˵ΨʲôԼȥ
ԼʲôѵֱӸңҪԼȥҡ¶˵˻Ѳ
ȥϴʹӶһˡǳǳڲϡ
ڴҵڲϡĹԱһ仰ֱɶ
ǵĻ⵽ʱǲθǵǸ񷢺ʩȥ
һڵĶȥʲôȥȥһ
ڵĶ¶˵ȥѽǸûг飬Ҳ
ҵ˵˻ѣⱲӻûмô޳ܵҵ
κһе˶ҵҵܹ滹ܰ
ܴǸǶȫҵ衣Ƕһ͵Ͷߵ衣114գ
¶ŭҵʱ¶ĹԱ˵ó֤
¶Ҽ83¶˵Ҳϵ̬
Ǹѵ¶һԼ˵Ǹϲκһ
Լ˵Ǹ¶Ȼȫ̷ԼΪҲѹ
Ψ޿ֵûΪԼΪ¶׬ȡǮΪôԴ
档ֺ󣬻˵¶Ϊκһ
֪˶̡֤£ҿ֤Ʊѡγ̽
ⱣܣҲǱ֤¶϶Ƿﶼ
Ӧʵ޴¼ΪдΪʵ¶ȴ֤ҪЮ
һˣΪʵ¶ΪܺýΪ˵Ķʵ
޷ʵҡֻ֤ҪЮֻҪò֤˵
ó֤¶˵ȥ飬ĽȻǡ޴¡

Ĭ¶Ϊô¶Լթֶ׳
ԼѧУ˵˵Ļҿ˵Щ֤ΰģ
¶ıӦõġһ֤ҪЮԵ޴
Ӧԡһ£¶ôЩ
ͶĹƽһһѧŶ¶ν
ĸѪǮ¶ȴ޳ܵĻõϢ໰ʱ
˵Ϊ˱ͬѧϵΪаӦеĳͷΪĹƽ
塣κһе˶ȥ¶¶ĳª

(XYS20110807)

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Every beginning is difficult---Ҳ̸ϺסԺҽʦ淶ѵʵʩһ

ߣ¡ 

һ˿¡For a better tomorrow---дϺ
סԺҽʦ淶ѵʵʩһ꡷ͬСұδӴѵ̣
Ϊ⻹ֵÿǵġ˻Ҳ̸̸ѵĿ

2003ҹרҽ׼ƶȡо
һԹйҽʦЭᡣʱйҽʦЭ᳤йר
ҽʦѵ˷ǽвɵʱ򡱡˺ֱ2007ꡢ2008ꡢ2009
סԺҽʦ/רҽʦ߷̳2010ϺˡסԺҽ淶
ѵ2010ٰ˵ĽסԺҽʦ/רҽʦ߷̳google
ĽסԺҽʦ/רҽʦ߷̳֪ͨδѵܻ
ϢĿǰ൱ҽѧ״Ǿٰƣμ߹
ΣֶΪĽסԺҽʦ/רҽʦ߷̳Ҳ࣬
͡ӵܡʵ

ع˶Դ˶Ҫĵ߷̳̳μ17ʵǵ
˵мֵĿμΪҵıҵҽѧѧɽҽԺ飩
͡ЭڿסԺҽʦЭҽԺ  ΰʵʵڣ
ʵ¿ѭ˼ԹٷĿμϺȫҽʦ淶ѵ
 Ϻٽ͡ǿںȫҽʦ淶ѵ
 һƽ ܵĶȫҽ˵ٷר
ҽʶ㣬ܲһϣ
ȸסԺҽʦresident physicianרҽʦspecialistȫҽ
ʦa general practitionerĻĿĵѵɡ

(XYS20110807)

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йHabilitandλʲôĻظ

ߣһ

ҶߴߵĹHabilitandǲʿıͬ⡣ŷ޵Ĵ
ѧ編͵¹ûtenure trackƶȣеĽְ
ģǮһЩѡŷ޴ѧΪ˰ѹؽڵˮƽҪְλ
һƪνHabilitation thesis. άٿƵ˵

Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a scholar can 
achieve by his or her own pursuit in several European and Asian 
countries. Earned after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, 
habilitation requires the candidate to write a professorial thesis 
(often known as a Habilitationsschrift, or Habilitation thesis) based 
on independent scholarship, reviewed by and defended before an 
academic committee in a process similar to that for the doctoral 
dissertation. However, the level of scholarship has to be considerably 
higher than that required for a research doctoral (PhD) thesis in 
terms of quality and quantity, and must be accomplished independently, 
in contrast with a PhD dissertation typically directed or guided by a 
faculty supervisor

ΪдHabilitation thesis˺ڻкܴƵģ
ΪthesisͨͻõڵʸAPҲ
Ҫ¾ȥġ

Ҿ˵ѧˮƽͲÿʲôְλûʲô˼
¾һĿȻˡ

08.03ڷ 

(XYS20110807)

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Ҫ֡ˬ ѧҽܻоɹ˵ 

»籱£յ磨С޺죩

ѧҽоɹǡˬ

£գٿŷᣬڻγȵҺ̬ˮ
ڵĻ֤ݡ

־к䶯ԡ־ֳۣһԤʾ
ǡ֧Ϊֹ֪ҪأҺ̬ˮл
ӺԴǻƵǶȻΪӣ
Ҫأ΢Ҳǿ

ܷڣһڵԣ
䡰ǣš̽ʼԻǵĿѧ̽Ѿнꡣ
Ϸɵġ̵ִܵ̽ǣšشɾ֮͡Ķ

ֵǣǱڵġشɾ֣͡ѧڽʱȴ󼤶
ģ̸͹ףǲ䷳˵Ŀǰɹֲ㡢ȱݣȥ
ܡˬ

磬˴оϯѧҰ׵¡ȶ˵ڻǵĹ۲
õĽɺεˮ¡ʲô˼Ϊʲôֱ
˵Һ̬ˮ

ȶͣĿǰûлϴҺ̬ˮֱ֤ݡ
ĿԡԼŶӵĽֻһƲ⡣

Щˬ˵ǣ϶ήʹ˴ηֵĶӰ죬ȶ
ƺ⡣ϸϸˬıǿѧ
ɿѧоҪġ

ѧоǽġбģо춯ءһǶ˵ѧ
һ֤Ḷ́ˡһо֤ʵЩ⻹
ѧвͬȣǿԱ̸һչʱıر㡣
Ŀѧѵûһ ϶

ΣѧоǴ棬һڡ۵Ĺ̡ѧ
ͨڼѧϰøѧߵܵ
裬ϸʵ֤ȻżȻܹѧṩУû
ѧϰ˼ΪЩżȻزκáĿѧֹ
£ǲʵͬʡ

ѧоԽԽҪƽġٶǰִѧѿӿִ
ȫšʱƣרĳһϸķ֧ǳɹ
ȫ˽еĿѧȻĳ֧ǳҪ
֣ڹڿȴֻǼëƤ¡

׻˵Աą̇̄ӣ̨ʮ깦ڿѧ˵˿
һûչʾɾ͵ġӡʹǵǻ۽ᾧĬĬΪ
֧ſѧòɻȱһ֡ȶȿѧڹоɹʱı
һ˵ʹ⡰ӡϽ̬Բܶҡ±Ϊ
ˬ꣩ 

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ϵصġơ

ߣԪ
201136ն籨

ʷٷҡһڹĿУλϵӢ
ѧƺѾΪһţһ˿ѧҵ
1988ġʱʷΪ֪ĿƷ֮һ
˵ȫѾһǧᣬȹԵƷûҪࡱ

һܺ棬ʱʷĳжٳƷ
ٳڶԻ󡱵ĳΪҿⱾԶýô
ͨ׶ȻȷʵֻõһѧʽE=mc2ʹùʽ
ȻȻصڡ׶ʵϣʱʷ൱ɬ
ڻԭʧ֮רҵʱ
ûһı֪ʶҾͨߺضȥ

ⲢҸ˵ĸо״ѧĴάɭдһЩѧڽ
鼮Ϊ߷ǿѧʿ֣˿ˡʱʷ
󣬳˼ǵÿͷǸڹЦѹ벻в
ϣӵڶ¿ʼǾûпһ֣Ȿװܰˡ
ʵϣΪ̫˶òֳһʱ
ʷйΪʱʷռ桷һռƷҪһƷ
͡Ҳһǰ漣ˡ

йȻûϸ飬ҲࡣΪԣⱾ
ڹںͳˣ;ʮǰ
ûбȵʱķǼҵģԶԶܺͰĪ˵ľ
ƷᲢۡɼƾıܴﵽ֪ĵλ
֮Ҹǻжʵеݡ2006꣬
ʱۿƼѧУ԰طһЩˣĿѧ
ʲôһϵѧ֮⣬ûܹвٶ
ԳƶʱʷҪ֪Ȿл˴ƪԼ
ĳɾ͡ضʱʷڲ顢
ҵ

ʵϣֱ죬ȻáʱʷʺΪһŵĿѧ
ƼڡÿҹⱾĿ˵Ȼһ
ֵƷӦھ߱һѧ֪ʶ֮ſʼ
еõһЩ⡣ĳЩС˵ĳؼ
һûУ˵к档ʱ
ʷΪһҵİȻǳɹģΪһƷд
ĽǶ˵ʵϲȫ⡣δӴѧҪ
һѧƣҽ黹ǴӰĪ򡢸Ī򡢿ޡά˹
Ϊá

ȥ9£ֳһ飬СơThe Grand Design
ѧԺѧŵдģʱʷռ桷Ҳ
˵ĺȥʱʷЩռ桱ͼ桱ٶ
桱һݽ¼㣬ʵǻĵͨǰǡʱ
ʷ͡е桷һֻҪӡŻֵ鶼һ
ѷĳס

ҶⱾ̬ȣ͡ʱʷƵġȣѾһ
ı֪ʶҲƼ顣ơֻж̶̵һپʮҳ
Ӣİ棩ȴѧʷ˵ѧʷӾѧ˵ۺѧ
ӻ˵ʷͣը˵Mۣǣ浽ٸ
ϵרʺ͸ȫõÿĽͶֻдư
ȫĶСÿһ½СûӦı֪ʶ
ĶУЩһ鲻ͣѹɣ԰ҭ

֡ࡱٴռĽǶȶԣҲΪһŵ㡣
ʺ͸ڶ̶̵ƪ㡰ʱǾһĶ
顣ΪⱾֻʺԿѧѧȽϸȤƽʱҲѾйһ
Ķ۵Ķߣ˵Ҳջ񡱣Ҹ˲ͬ˵
ⲻʲôѧ֡һ˵ֻлĳ֡
򡱣ҽضһ顶ʱʷͺã

¶ЩϤƷĶ˵Ҳ㲻ҪⱾ̫
ߡⱾжһЩѧ½չ߻µ˼ҿ
Ը㣺ûУдꡰߡ20Կѧ
ѧ̽ɹʵϣơмٷ֮ʮݣ
֮ǰġʱʷ͡е桷ҵپԭⲻհ
ȥġϣ԰ǰĴӻ⣬漰Ŀѧ
ֻʮǰʱʷݣMۣΪʷ1998
棩ѧ棬ʲôģ͵ʵۡҲǡǡѾ
ֹ˵Ȼʱûʣѧ
˵ľӣʵҲǴӡʱʷһ°ģֻǿѡ

ôơ׽ʲôأλߵ˵ⱾҪ
⣺

ΪʲôжڣһУΪʲôǣڣΪʲ
ôһ鶨ɣʽģ

һǡʱʷ۹ģеȻǣ浽ըͻ
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2005vsۡУ2006Ӣߡ
ѧ¡˹ˡϵ۵˼ڽ̣2007ʾ
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˲Сĺ䶯ʹÿѧڽ̵ġżµơʱ
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Ȼơ֮һŵϯCNN̸
˵вûСųϵ۴ڵĿԣֻƿѧɲҪ
۾Ϳʹ洴ҲڽʿȻԴ˸е̫⣬Ϊϵ
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ɡ

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λضһ顶е桷ɡ

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ơ

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ٱīһЩ޹ؽҪϸϣλ߼ûΪṩκξ֤ݣ
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ѷ鷴ս ӰǻԼѡ

2011-08-06츮籨

    Իһ˵ʾ5Ѳ

    ΢

84գ΢Ϸ Ͳĳ飬 ųһ
ԹףϻȨѡȨС 
18 40֣ѱת705ΣõĻ˷ӵ֧֣ʾ
ͳʳмԵĺ˽ֹըʳƷҲý
ȡȷ֪ķʽ֪ǷͻԸԸȡ衣
û⣬˶Իᣬû⣬֮ͬڱ
塣ǲųһԹףǺϻȨ



ѣʳԵ

41047֣΢Ϸͣ顣΢
Ϊû⣬˶Իᣬû⣬֮ͬڱ
塣ǲųһԹףǺϻȨ顱
ѡȨߡΪѡڵĴζ
ͻɡ

1840֣΢һת705Σ229λѽۣ
д󲿷ּ֧ʹ͡ѡʤߡ˵ѡȨ
ûоԵʳԵ̣е˳鵽˾ʮ꣬еȾ
ΰ

õ֪ʿӵĲ룬ڸ΢ԣͳ
ʳмԵĺ˽ֹըʳƷҲýԲȡȷ
֪ķʽ֪ǷͻԸԸȡ衣

ͳʳмԵĺ˽ֹըʳƷҲý
Բȡȷ֪ķʽ֪ǷͻԸԸȡ衣 


ӣԼѡ

գ츮籨߲ͨӵĵ绰ʾ͸һ
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ʳƷѡȨģʳõʳƷȷк˺
ȻӦýֹͻԹûȷ˺ͻ京кʣ
ڶɴ˺˵ԸԣͲӦýֹ

˵ΪĴĴͳɫʳƷĻ̡־
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Ӧ֪ͿܻĲӰ죬ԸͳԣԸ
ѡһԹףΪһǣǿ

ҵЭ᣺ʱ嵭ì

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