                           ˿µϣ2012415գ

12.04.15, ӡҾпƴУ
12.04.15, ϶šʦһΡ
12.04.15, ż֤ɽݡ
12.04.15, ʯعǡдйĴѧǡ
12.04.15, ˿20124º
ʫǡݶϵѩ
ţ⡶ʵ֮󡷡ĽȻ˿־塷
˿¶衶˼ңһƪ΢ľܡ¡εһ㡷
Ǭࡶ1947λӽݵڼֵ𱴱ɺ׵ġϥǡ
͡WҺЩŮǣģ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys6.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

                 ҾпƴУ

                       ӡ

85ѧʱпƴУǹУпԺһ꣬
ƺ󲿷ʱҲڿƴӡֻΡѧΪ⽻
ҲƲУУĹҲ䲻ܣ϶״Ҳܡ
ʱǵһУʵҲѧĿеУУǵȵ
һУְ󣬲Ӯ˿ƴѧ𾴣ȫУѧųǩΪ
СУ죬ѧǼ塰ɢվҪУӹܵУ֪
ѹУ͵ϻ𳵣ѧ˸ա

ӹܵУУ871µѧУģߣ
ѧĿУУǸαУһƴûУ
ȫУѧ󻩣ƿˤһأܶҹ
Ҫ嵽У⿹飬УУšУͬʱӹܵǳסУ
ݣУһѧᰲˮϱϯѧԱ
ѧɲҲвٶ߽Բ߻˽ȥУ̨˵һ䣬̨
ѧһΣÿԭһУһ״̨¾͹һƣҪ
ѧʣһǺ𲻳ˡÿ
һȫУᣬУȻУУУ
ѻͲӹȥֻȫһƬΰµġžѧ˳
顣ԺûУᡣһԺǡУɣ
ߡ 

ǴӸĹУʵҲûȫŸѧ
ѧоܿƴ𾴵ĹУʱйһζԹȻ
ƴĴ㣬ʵһͻظˣԿƴѧʵҲû
ԼˣȻҵıҵ֤ϸǵǩ¡ʱƴң
ŵϿѧ˭Уء

ԶУλһУ

2012.4.14

(XYS20120415)

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ʦһ

ߣ϶

Believe it or not, ΪѧҲУ
Ρ

һʮңwith typical mid morning dilemmaȻ緹Ҳ
ûԣзе磨ʳ11ſquestion is how to spend that 
extra one hour :). ͬݵĻѧҪȥϿΡȥϿȻ
ҲǺѵһģǺʻʲôΡʴԻϷĿΣȥȥ
һСʱҲѴ򷢣ͺͻʽ˽ݽҡ

˷ʦĿΡǺˮ---ͨͨģԭֻʱ
Ͽ緹أÿηڿƴӡһΣ̶̵ʱѧ
Ķڻʱϡ

ϷĹƣļӦֵ
ϸ㿪ʼǰһ֤ƫ
ܶʱֵһĴҲ㹻ˡֻǵϷȤҲ
ÿεСʱno 11am lunch this time :) ĸ⣬
ιƵϸڼǲסˡϷ̵Ľķһֱǵ˽졣

룬ѧѧܼסĶǲܼ࣬סʦָ
Ҳһ˼άĻ𻨡ϷĿҿƴһ
ļ䡣Ӧллʣright time and right question :) Ҳлл
ΪÿΣƴɷΧ1ǿԲϿΣ2
ǿɵĵκοãֻҪȤֻ߽Ǵʱ䡣ƴķΧ
겻öôر뿪֪

һ˿䣬У--- Ƿʦ --- лл괴Ŀ
ΧϵһΡϷߺã

(XYS20120415)

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֤ɽ

ߣż

ϸݶ˷Ӳʿ˿201249շĳġĳд
֤<>ָǳ塷,ǰҶԺһЩĲ²⣬
˴ʵжһ㱣Ȼ޴ˡΪӵĳ
֤ʵⱾӰӡĳƪС˵šνָ岢֤
Ǵָ壬ֻ֤¼д塣дãֻܳһ顣

棬ҰҶԺʶչһ¡

ʮǰһٳʱŮڶСѧ꼶¶ͬѧ
趼Ӱܴҵʱ˵֮Ϊ¡С˵дúã
ҪΪһˡƷһ֣֮
ǻΪЩƷҲȥͲͻˡԱѧ
ڿ硶ѧջ񡷡ҡͶ壬һͶС
ΪûĿͬۺࡢʷѧȨڿ
ͶһͶйѧʷоʷѧѧ
棩ȡ

ȥ׽¶٣ƷΪ˴ʣ
סСҺʾ۱ԺҺܹעΪŮ为Ӱ
죩һΪܿܽԭʼҪĴְֻ
޸ɫдС֡ΪӳеУҲŮ޸ĺɫ
ģһһһĿԣÿƪΪüһǧ֣Ͷ
θ壻Ҳ汨Ϸƪ飨ѧУͬѧҲ
Ӻ֪ˣһƪдһΣԼռȫƪ֮һ
룬ÿܾˡдһƪҰŮġͶ
˿

ӹ˺δ˸ĹĲġεҡĺҵ
˼ת䡣ΪƪĲɴƪ͵ˮƽ
дȽϲĶƪ౾С˵šҰŮġ
˼·дˡﺫĸġһģ˿2012223ϡƪ
¶ԺĽķľͱ༭ʹ˿öȥ
ĻѵĹһλ˿һƪ£ӻе졢
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ҲһЩ˼дֺʾΪдԺ巢

˷дĳĺǵɻ󡢲²⡢ҲȻ޴ˡ
ΪԷԼ֤Լ˳ƪС˵ָûдδ
ػддһμΡͬдʷѧġרֻ
дֵ޸Ϳĵȡرǣִ桢˺Ц磬
ӲͷƤɡͷǧɡθƬ
𡶾Ե͡ի־졷еĳְִʣ
ȡΪдʱҲд֣ܴסͬʷ
ѧ׫дר̲ʱһԣĴֻƷ߲ܳŻ᷸
дˮƽϵֲͣ渺ʱĺҲ
Ըȫע£ΪڿҪʱʦͬѧܣ
дߵ뺫ȫǺϣǺɡ

ϣС˵šƷǺдģˣܿ
֣дġˣ֤ɽˡԣӵȽҴ˽
̳һƭ֣ӹɡóܵķϸµϸ
͸֤壬Ҳͯŵļҳѡ

(XYS20120415)

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дйĴѧ

ߣʯع

ƪԭԡдӾѧԺѧĿѷҡ
ЩָѧԺֻǹҿӦƫȫʵ̸Ŀǰ
йѧձ󣬿ڱܵ׷Фӥ廪Χ
Ŀǰ״Ϊѵע⣬رǸУʦ
ľҰѴĻһĿ

412ոӾѧԺΪơƽٰٰƻУ
սеǺֳֵʱȺ鼤
ܣ׶кãŮС身ơUSBƽƷ
Ƴû麫ʱڿת˵һʲô
ǿUSBɵƣĽƷڣ˵·߼
ˮȫЦһƬ

Ҳҵ۾

ǵĴѧ
ǧʤ߿븴Уˣ
ǷӴٺЧ
һԴǡԴթ̬ȣ
Ҫδһ

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йڿѧûдʦ˼롢ĻװҲû
ӰĴʦҸҶԣĿǰйֽ״Ǯѧɭ˵Ĵʦ
ĳ֣ԽԽԽԽԶڱ׷ڸܻ
ӭصĽ⡣

ڵĴѧһֳơѧơЩѧҵ
û£Ҳûǻߵ̨ЩֻƴڻȡЦֵġǡ
ѧǵһѧʲôʲôܴѧĻӭӳ
ѧˮƽҲԿѧܹʲô˲š˹
̹ǰ꣬رȥѧݼһ꣬עѧУĸָĻ
ĵӰҲģ˹̹ҲǮĴѧǴ
һǮЩֻƴڻϣҲЩǽУ԰Ϊѧ
ֱ¡Ȼ˹̹У԰ܻӭЩǻ
ˡ

ǷǹȱʧйһʧܡԷӴ֤
ھʵĲĸףкܶˡͬѧ
Щ֤ݣͬѧ壬⣬ˣ
ȷʵ˲˼顣ǰϾٰĶѧУ̳ϣҮ³
ѧУָйѧձȱжǷǹһеġ

Լǻۡܿ븴УԼͬгߡ
ǽص˭ӣһϸͰʮйƼѧ
߲һѧѧʿһռѧΪεѧߣ
һͲεĴٶʿ˸ӾѧԺġС󡱡Ц
ϡȻһſβѧĳһթ񻰣
һϵƦӣһ򵥵֪ʶûеķ꣬ȴ̨
۽µġǡһʱ̾йʮһ͵Ľ״

Ͷȡǵ˵ձ̬ɷУ˵
ĿǰΪʲô˵׷ΪҶһȡͨԼ
ŬԼǻۣͿЩݻԺթ
ĲƸҫҲǲһǷжϵ̬ȣͶĽĿ⡣
ĿӰйδΣա

ҵᵽйѧձ󾢲㣬ѧǴӴѧ
ʼģйѧСѧŵУ˴ѧͿʼɣ𽥰ѴѧΪ
һֳʧȥͯĿ֣ûгջ

ȻĽѧҲ׼׶Σѧҵ
ĿʼǵıҵCommencementֱɺǡʼ
ѧϰǱ飬ֻг̬ˣŻѴѧҵ
㡣

Щѧ˵ľ仰ǿԣǷǣǻۣԶ
ȡɡ

(XYS20120415)

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ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

ڶһڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿  
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣶣磮
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


ʫ졡ݶϵѩ

ǣݶϵѩ졡ǡ

Ѷ졡һǰϿĻ
졡һֶ
ţ졡еĸӶ
졡ݺύĺͬ
⣺ʵ֮󡡡졡վڹ¥
Ľ졡Щѩյ
Ȼ˿־塡졡ǰ㡢Щһµ
졡͵
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졡䶨
裺˼ңһƪ졡һܲΪ֪
΢ľܣ¡
εһ㡡졡ڵѩ
졡˸
Ǭ졡һ
졡ǸǰĹ±渵
ࣺ1947λӽݵڼֵ
𱴱ɺ׵ġϥǡ졡ݶϵѩ
졡վڸߴֻĿⴥ
͡졡
졡ĬĬ
 WҺЩŮǣģ졡һĺ䡣

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

  顶ءƽ֮աɹƼ
档Ϊ2007ġƽ֮աٰ棬Լķ֮һ
¡

  ժԡҵҡ̳ߣƷ

˵2010΢Ժܶ˻һʸô2011΢Ϊһ
Ĵʻ㡣֤䷢ۣý崫ţӪ˾
Ӫ˺ŷ鼦͸ʵָϣǰдQQMSN״
̬һճ

΢еı̬Ҳ֮ȻǨȥܶѡ
⣬Ϊ¼ѱȫ̳ϣ
ڣÿһ񶼿΢ϷԼ֪¼
Ȼͨϵ˲¼

ǰһֱķӶԺ´ɵġս
һǨսУΪ΢а˿ͨ΢
ƵƵɣ˹㷺ע΢ϵҲ׷ױ̬һʱ֮ǣ
ڶ࣬ΪӰĹ¼У̳ռ۵
ս

̳´˶ԡǲɷ֣ûȻ
Ծ̳һЩֱͱص̳ڶλ϶ûݵ
Ҳ΢ڲƷƺӪ޷һһܵϸ¹˼ġȤǣ΢
Ʒ˾֮һֱ̳죬Ա̳Ʒ

֮

ûڣƷûйʱ˵ֻûڷ仯
һֱŵġʼžԡҵҡ־˵԰
̳ΪӴ2002굽2007һʱ䡣һʱ
ȥֱվŻרҵƵǴѣڻһЩ
׼ġضȱȽϸߵרҵ֪ʶûһֱ̳׼ȷ
̳ոպûϢͽ

ʱȫس˴̳кܶʧҲһЩȻڣ
˰֮⣬һЩ֪̳ҲڻͿռĴг
2001Ѫ200119¥Լ2004ȡ
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磬Ѫ2004Ͷ̳иİ棬ԴֱŻʽ֣̳
ݣǾ༭ͨŻƷʾ̳ʽڵ¼
ѪûŻվľƵ

̳Ʒ̬Ǿֹ䱾ҲڲϽû
仯̥Twitter΢ڽйıУҲ
̳ʽˡת+ۡĲƷʽ෴û֮Ĺϵ
ԻƷ棬̳ЩػҲйԡ

2008갮ҲԹƳSNSĲƷMyxcarǰ2004
ƳƲƷĳΣû̫ûʹáFacebook
Myspace͹SNSȳûĽ֮󣬰¸Ľ
Ƴû佨ϵSNSʵĲƷʹҲǱ
ʽ߸Եģѭ򽥽ģû׽ܣûǶ²Ʒ
žܵ

̳ӪУѪҵԼӯģʽ2007ףѪ
ʼˡCEOڸM65ܻӭ̶ȣԸʽڹ⹺11
̳ϱûһաɴˣѪʼںƷ
۸Ѫľû̳Ķ鵽ԱϵĵٵרƳ
еƽ̨ѪƷСѪ1ԪӪ70%80%ڵ
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΢΢ƷĿǰû֯˻ƹ㣬
û֮䲢δ㷺໥֮ʶϵķΧû
ת۶࣬Լ١̳һ㳡ûĹ
䣬΢ȥĻһûӿԱû
΢ϣһ4Sĸ߼ά޼ʦ΢ûڵĻд
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19¥߼ܲܣ19¥ÿϰӻ϶
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һУÿϰлཻ
Ļ⣬رмֵݣ19¥ŵҳϡ
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кܶվһȱٵԣ΢ĵ
ԾͺһеԣȽϹ߻58ͬǣҷӡ
ְȱ׼ϢԶԣ19¥ıڵطԱֽ
ΪҪԱ㹻⡢Աиߵ͸

19¥ĿǰԾݣܱߺ͹šУ
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ڼˣ19¥ʶصĿûƫŮԾӶ࣬رŮ
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վ϶ߵһȺˣ۵Ķص£ȫվֻ׶
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ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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ʽѸ£ʵεĶ⹤̡


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                          

ΪĸǺйˣһֱͼʹúʱ־ѡ
ںôԶôôḻô
ﾳô΢ҲôԲͻĳµ޴ѧ
壬˲֪;

Ʃ˵ʾġȴҲԱʾͻǱͣ
ֻҪǰһ

˵˼ʾһ塣ǡ˼˼ʹ
˼ʱȻҪ˼˼ˣҲҪЦɱ˵ġһ
˼̫û˼ˣô뵭ҲԶˡԭȥ
񣬿˼˼ǾͿܳΪ

硰áƺʾͬ͡⣬Ҳδءϼһ
ŻѪӣĩ㲩쵼һáϲ񣬾
ˡҲűáǧȥԺ㿪ʼعϸڵ
ͼҵȣ᰸ճ̡ű⣬
쵼һ䡰˭ͬˣԭáʾֻͣʾˡ
Ӵһ겻񣬹Ҳֻܹǲͨĺ

бֽıĳеʧҵԱϤ쵽ʧҵ
ʧҵݣôȴû쵽ʧҵˣ˭㲻
Ϥ֮У

硰ͿԭΪݵǾʿһ㻯һ
áǻ۵Ĺ⻷Ϊָǻ۵ĻΪֵˡ
ĳġڡһ룬ҡһΪڡˡȻ
ſѵúͿҲôǡôֱĬϧǺɫġ

ҪѳԷȥһҽͷ㿴˵ϵľʷ׳ʵĲھ
Լ֪ͬʱʶˡɽѩ
ǧ򻽵صĲˣɽѩԭǰ
һƮһСǵȷһôУ۸ҲƵԺÿμ
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硰ԡʹϴ꣬һɴǷܻŻݼ
ϴԻԡ㸶ʱԷȴָĿ˵ֻ˵ϴû
˵۸ϴ

ǵصĿҵ棬ָ컮أĶ˵ѣֻ
ơ̬֮ϡ֮У㲻ȥиСȥ
⡱ˣǡ͹⡱Ȼ޲Ʒ񡣴
ԤøǵĻһϺȣǲϷѣ˹Ҫѵġ
㲻ɲͨˣ㸶˺۵ļǮطĽѡʴ
ֵĨȥ  

֣ССʤ⧲ʤ
ֻڹпԳܡǼ϶ݴʦ
Ϸأ壬ǿҪġ

ҪóɹҪԹ
䲻ԹҲɳɹ
ʹԹδسɹ      
ҲǺǵĻ


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ΰҿˣȥٻ̳װȴ˵̯Ҳ
ΪԼᴴװưոݡʧȥ˵ʸ

ȷĻҪߵһ㣬֮ܺᲢۣǱˣ
ⶫ㴴ģֱ׳ŲԻ

Ǵ

пˡǣǿ˷ָġȻź
ճı־ĵؾûһְĲ÷еöࡣ

дô𣿿ĳЩҵƷ󣬲ܲ˵ֻҪϹɨäࡢ
ӵ겻ʶζðƸԺͷʽҲͼˣһ
ͳˡ

дһصĲôдģôöĹ̡

˼һ˼룬ʵڡ1844꾭ѧѧָ塷
γɡĶ֮дڽ̡ͥҡ¡
ѧȵ,һЩķʽձ֧䡣
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ǡܡǡܲȫǶߵȨڶߵ
ӰߣҲǶߵȨ

Ȼҵǣǵ̫ΰˣ̫ΰֻܳݡ
๵ġ

ѧô𾴡ενΧһȭȴ
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µ񣬴ѾҪˣ࣬ѧôƫʵѧ
ƫǷѵʱºʵĴηߡ

˿־塣


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һƬϵءץһһᣬµϢ

һӴңԶĲҶ֮ƬҰΪļ


沢ˮҲϵʯţҲôһʺ硣ЩԼ
ĸ·ˣܣźӴʯͷҲ͹ȥˡôԼ
ͷһۣҲ·һβҲܲ

ЩӵĺͱӵģҪӹˡҶֵ껪꣬
վϳ衣Խ㷿ΪһƽǸ·
Ĺ˳ͰѸˣַܲǷ

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¢ߵһǰɢĴׯͼԴӵɽ
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һ΢Цһ߽ӲһᡢȻ
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Ҳûгֹ


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ʱͷֻƢ

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ΪӻͷϵһáӶˣƽļ
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ѵ·,ڵĺʹƳγεͲ˻ءɵС㿴
һ˲һһˤˡĻУӰ
ԽԵͦ

ɵС㰮

ǰƽĴ󣨷ԣְ֣

תƽˡ

ƽĴǱ廨شߵġνֵʱĴֶʱ
ǴӾ,νֵѾԶˡ

һԺ쾮ԣ˾һѺǹڴ
ӦͲɱ㡣

ƽĴ۾ˣ춯ְɡ

ǹ˾Ȼ䡣ǰľԺ
˵ƽ֣⡣

Ỻ۽ǡ,ͷһƫ˱㽫˳ȥ

ҵòģҲ룡˾ǣ۾ȴĻ
ȼͨ졣

վ˾ǰƽ峺ĿĸԡǰŮˣվȨ
ټ棬ȴˡ˵ˣֻҪţԸ


ƽʱ򣬰԰ϸֳһ˿ЦݡƽעĿ
룺ƽǡ㡢ġ!

ҰʢŴƬƬͲ˻ƽǣƽСţǵشڲ
õĻҪƽԶ磬Զٻ

ȻϤڻ֣ۣǻþ

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ƽףͷתʱЩĬͲѣô
ĸôصشʧ,·ֻһͲ
ӡһζѡ

ʹܶˡ

˵ǻعƬֵġϸ׵ĺˣ

Ҳ˵ȥ˷صľǸԶɵˡ




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     Ҹֱϰ峴㣬Ůϰ񶾵øһ
Щ໰ϴӴĵ˳ҳһӡ
վſɵ˺һӡܶŮϰ˵Ŀ⡣
ǸŮˣ￪һ꣬ΪԼ̵Ȩ
԰Ҹӳٰǵӳ

ûҪǸӡǸһմ˲ŮϰáʱĿˮ

ŮϰǸļһԵĹͷˣƤ
ĶǺףҪԩ𶼷
ӦƸʱ˽Ӵģ̶ķͣûжζӦ
Ƹ죬ľľϣ֧һȾɫԴǶŮϰָ
ǿԴ˵

ϴһͷҿ

ǣǾѧʦϴͷǸѧỹûʦܵͽ
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ŮϰǰǿԴϴΣǸ˵˵
ָ̫˵ϴˮûƺãν۾˵ǲῴӣⶢ
ԴԴʲôÿģȵȡŮϰǸһۡ


һСֵϣԶǲ֪ľеĸߴ
İСееĶֱԶɽϻˮҰɣҲǸ
Ͳ룬ΪȻԿŮϰǸĹ᲻
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ѾɾҲûˡʱرã·ܷɡ

ǸˣŮеĴˣ˻ܵɽϴŮϰ
ǸҲŮϰǳֻÿԼ
һʮ㡣ԼҪѵŮҲ
Ҫ֮һȺЧÿһſ
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ӹһʹʱϴͷʱˮʱżõʱ
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۾󣬵װ˼ٽëͿźķۣСĵЦţЦ˷۾
Ҫſ˽СɦŪˣ۾ûһ
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˵һɻͷһֱᴩġÿĹæ
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ˡٴʱ˸Ů˺ͷɥĶ
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裬֮ļȻŰ衣Ŀһ
ҪȵʱٻأֻͿ˵Ǿ
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һ죬Ҳ֪ΪʲôͶˣǸ
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һˮȥǾͱŮϰ˳ʱ˰µģ˵
ķҺͰڴ̫ɹһҲ
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Ҽߣ˹ĸ˼ߣûЦԼЦˣȻ
ۻһǾһ˹ű˺ܾãҲ˭
ֻŴҴҵ񣬴ҴҵĽŲ

ʱ֣Ϧոմ£ߡҺͰһ
ƿƣСùݵĴšƿǡķǸմӲԶϪԡ
ҺͰȵúˣֺûޡ


εһ

                      

ȫˮҲˮˮֻҵĿһˮζ㡣

Ҳ֪Լôģ˵һССݡţ
ȻǸССݣġ˵Ǹɵϣ
ȻῪģ㴩ʱ֣壬һ˲ţôɵˣ
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Щˮ﷭һһ䣬Ȼҡβͳˡѧ
СݣԴΪϷǻԣһһȻͻļܣⲻ
֤ǴģҲţΪҴûпµ
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͵öŵ㣬㣬˵˻ԣСˣ淨
ߵԭء

Ҿͳˮˮˮ˯ˮǺڵġϰˣ
Ȥζˮ·ײͺȤΪûнͨ
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˵ǾҡͷβشˣʱȺĶЩСͿ
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Ҫαװ˿ɲô۾ͲʹֻҪǻģǾ
ˣӵģԱ˾Ǻǡ

ʵݱ΢ΪҶأҾһ㡣ķ
ؾأƽ˾еһȣˮ׵ĹĿ֮࣬ܶ
һֺгʽṹֽṹԽԽһ״Ư
ԲעͻᱻƬˣǵ·һɽϪɿ
ֵѸζʱ򣬱ʽʽӾЩͻ
ЩƬȥһ⣬ʲôģƳɸ㡣

ʲôˡͳÿ죬һųС
죬ͿԺʲôʲôƫŸСӣ
죬Ե³ţҲľЬĨͣñ
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Ҿûʱʱ̿ѹϲŵˮﴦ
ѹҵıⶼˣ㲻˵ѹ޹أŴܸ
ˣ·У֮һ꣬Ǿѡ˭
յ˭ͿԶռʹڣܴǵİ佱ӵֺô㲻
֪ǶôȥӵЩ֮޲̵ܵ
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ͻ֪ˮϡʱͻûβ̱о
ˡҶģʳҲȥˣͺĩͷһ㣬û˭
񡣾ǴҲʧ׷ˮ濹飬ΪԸ˳
ԣǶţϣֵӡŲΪ
˵õ鰲οΪȷһ񣬲ڡǲûκκ
һڵģƽ̷еӦǵùʱ
ǣԣǸе̷ΪΪ֣Ϊ
ŤתˣΪĸԼԸ

˵ֵϸϸ棬ʮġ磬
е㶼һĺżʵϣûмᰴ
¡һԼûԵȻ죬Ϳʼĳˣˮÿ
춼ԿЩö֮عȻ׷֮ʵ׷
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ˮǾͰ£˭Ҳʶ˭ˡһݵĹ
Ҳν壬еġ

Ҳ֯QQ飬̽һˮ°飬ˮãˮ
ͷʲôģ϶Ĭᣬ¸ûġ϶
һسݣΧߴģûע⣬
׸죬ҲǺȤġ˭Ҫǰµϣ˿϶
ҲҪԼµ۾ϣǾ飬Ҫ˾ͻΪûиԣ
ɵ㡣ɵȺǰ껹һƬֻмС
ཬֻͲ֪ȥˣ˵ϴȫ˴ˡ

ҲϲΪǵν˵һùʲôһ
ëϴ꣬һ·ʮ֮ģԸϡ棬˵൱ıٹȵУ
һ뼦Ѫ꣬ʮ²ȣǵʿģϧ
Ĵ졣

ϲ൱ܣγƶȡԣЩС
㶼ƶµĲϲر죬һ
¸ͣҲǰ£˻һſ𣿺ǺǣãΪ
ԼҪȶѹһС

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еһ˫ˮ۾òûүǰ˼
ȥһֺĸоʱҵ棬
Եû͸ˮۣƿɴðˮһ
˰׷һ֪ܵĴ㰵ں˽ɹǴı
ܵ˺ԶϱߣǶһʳʵǶס˾ͽˡ
ߴر§ڻ֣ҿһԽһ
һ׵ģͱſˡμ˹μЩƮƮȥݣ
ӴˣǴء

ԴҽҾԼӲ䣬ȵҪḻ࣬
ҲˡҪ˼ǰЩҶתʱ
ԭЩС㲻˼µݡ磬ǰһС㳯
ݣܴ̼ҲˡһʮĴݳȥŪ
׵ģһһ㶵ġͿʼûû˵ؾңСݲͣس£
УֻתοĵġǺǡ

Һຢӣ뷨ĥˡ˵ģоһԼô
ﳤġʱûһ΢Сݣŷ
ֵһ¡ұ涨ֻӵһϣ
ԣо䵽˱㡣ЩͿԶҾ
ԣⲻʧ͸ߣҹµĴȥһƫƫ
ֻǴ˵㣬ҪȡԼȨоȨҪˣң

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ҵһСֳ֡ĵطſڸŽвĿˮݣúïʢŨܣ
ӰϺģľеˡ˵ţʵһȻʯ
ڣΪβö࣬ģźࡣһôߣȥ
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ν档ǣһ࣬ڶأʲôǼң
ңңշңңĿշңʲôƣ˹ƣ
ȡƣӴƣƿƣоơ۶ˣ
Լʶǳ֪ʶ˼ª²ع¥¥µȥ
͸ƵģĿ档

һֻ޷ϰңǣҾβͷᣬ
ڡҲ֪СǸר˵ġӳ÷ʷ֣
ϻ˸ڡҪǻͷסװûˣ۾ϷԳ
ĮͲ԰ףضβͣ͸Ƶġ

ұ˭£⸱ԣûˣֲû
ȥǲˡһϤϤ˵ɲֹңҲ
ҵģ˵¥Ϊ쵼ϲ߸ϡ

ҿٵ¥ߵľͷиңԱиܻڵӣ
żСˮװΡдţֳҡҽŶ˶
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ҽȥһƣͼŸ㡣ʮأüһһͺܳң
͸Ƣһһľϣյβͣ
Ϻõˮ̶̣õ«έ˾Ƶģƻ«έ
ʳ꣬һ۾Ƴλֳ˵̶ʵأǾ顣

ֳңСһɶ°ΪʲôҪҾֳţ
ЩҶż𣿰ЩСϲСϲ£ϲ
鷳

ôһ˵ͺʮģ˵Щŵ
β;ܣĸҲԼþͺֳﴵ
ҰѶݹ๾æȶԼ׳׳
ĵ룺ҽ˻ˣһ֮˭ңϽӻ

˵ֳǸѧоʿоѧ
ˮҽĿ﴿ˮȴﵽٷ֮ŵţѺھ
רоֳ⣬ЩԼûлһǮ
ǵķ棬ҵоʵ޷ȥܿжҵĿо
ԣ

ֳһĴβͣŴ˸޴ĹǷ־
ǸƮԶĴݣҺҪƤˣԴ֤
˵ȫ޻̸֮ͣס˻ͷȻۣһƲŵİ
Ƥľһģཡס죬СѾܷˣûµЩ⣬
ѾӣоѧǵĿԺȫɢඣؼҺ
ȥ˯ãѾĲĸҪˡ

ҲͰˣȥھӻЦңУԵ
ǿҪҪӣҪҵоҪӡ

ӣֳľȥˣβʹӾֹʼ
һΣò棬һڽˡ˵ʱ٣
ʱ죬һ飬æһŤβһƵطɳţֻ
βԸԵ죬ҵĻ궼йˮˣ¥ݲŻ·ײ
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šѧ̳ܶкܴܶ֯ݽׯ
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ҸƧĵطΧһ㴵һݣҴһݣ
˵˴˾͸ͷԸȿҪá

ʱҲȥǵ㣬˼Ҳûдɶ
һĲˮ˵κáٺҾͺȥˣ
ҪҲæ˼ٴѷŹغ˶Ŵʵȥ
ǸҲû˭ϳǻ۰㲻ûסǰ߶¥
ѾԼĺ붼ûˡһﴵ񫣬ͣشͨⱨ
ӦѾѴˣҺɢÿ죬ǣTMD


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

 1947λӽݵڼֵ
 
                             ࡤ
 
أ19478£Ծڹ㶫ʡĶλ㶫ʡعׯƹ
ٽ֧ǹһ֧ǹ250ӵ1000ʳͷλ
ӳԸƼдŽݡ64ŽһֱãƼһֱ
֣һֱûеõ֡

ﲻۻƼҺûȨծӦòӦнл
벻뻹⡣ƼծҪҲԸ⹫ƽծô
ʱȥ64꣬ŽݼֵΣӦûǮأ

˾ʵǷ˲Ҫ𣬻ҪϢϢʱҪ
ȷʣԺһййһڶڴΪϢݡ
Ϣø㷨Ҳͨ˵ġ100ԪǮ
Ϣ10%˵ڶ꣬110100Ԫ+һ10ԪϢ
걾ͱ121Ԫ110+ڶ11ԪϢ

ԭͷй1949ιһڶڴ
ʣ֪194911յ1ԪǮ20101231գϢ
Ϊ161.6642Ԫ161.66ÿ1231սϢΪ㣬
ʵֶμϢÿ1231һڶڴٷΪ
ʣ

صλӵİҪ1949ϢҪ֮ǰ
19471948Ϣο1949ййһ
ڶڴΪ252%սƵԵ1947һڶڴ趨Ϊ100%
1948趨Ϊ150%19478µ1ԪǮ˵ףϢΪ
1.33Ԫ1948ףϢΪ3.325Ԫ3.325Ԫٳ
1949ı161.66Ϳ19478µ1ԪǮ2010ף
Ϣܼ537.5195ԪҲ˵Ϣϼ˵537.5

537.5ϵλӵĽݣǰѡ1000ʳ
Ϊ100010011999˵1000࣬Ҳ1500ܸ
19471000ʳ2010ףΪ53.75ʳͷΪ
1075ͷ֧ǹΪ1613֧ǹ250ӵΪ13.44ӵ

ڵг飬ףġʳڹ㶫Ӧָף
ǱСף1.5Ԫһۣۼۿ϶1.5Ԫ53.75
ʳۺּ80.6Ԫ˵ͷû˵ٽͨɸó
һ200300֮䣬200㡣۸9Ԫһ
һͷ200ۼ1800Ԫ1075ͷۼ193.5Ԫ

Ƚ鷳ǹӵǲܹף㶮ãûһ
ձܵļ۸񡣸ý屨ĹƵǹϢǹ
ĺм۸̫ߣһ֧ǹ5000ԪܲáοȿԺϷǹ֧
ҵǹ飬1֧ǹļ۸3001500Ԫ֮䣬1ӵļ۸1Ԫ
ҡлʰԪң۸ƫߣ̫еİ취
ǲǻأǹ۶Ϊ1000Ԫ1֧ӵ۸Ϊ1Ԫ1
1613֧ǹۼ161.3Ԫ13.44ӵۼ13.44Ԫ

ʳǹӵۼۺϼΪ448.8Ԫ80.6 + 193.5 + 161.3 + 13.4 
= 448.8Ԫ

ۣ64ǰλӽݣڵļֵ450Ԫҡ

˳һ£Ƶĺɫݲǹý屨

ںʡгſ˾һ64ǰĽվݡ
վͳһʽԼ20ףԼ8סУ鹺Сž
֤´£赽ųصϲӢ
ǧһپʮվϸС˾ıվĿӡ
ıվ˼Ϊئʮإա19471022
գ

ļԭͷ3195СݣڱϢϼ171.7
С󣬼ֵ171.7ԪڵС۸ÿ1Ԫ

ǣһǷþ绹ϵԽ鷳Խ󣻵ڶ
ˣͲҪд赱λӲֻǿͷ˵нл
ʱǨԺ󣬵˶ѾȥھͲûˡ
 
1949ÿ1231йһڶڴٷʣ%

1949 252
1950 34.8
1951 31.2
1952 14.4
1953 14.4
1954 14.4
1955 7.92
1956 7.92
1957 7.92
1958 7.92
1959 6.12
1960 6.12
1961 6.12
1962 6.12
1963 6.12
1964 6.12
1965 3.96
1966 3.96
1967 3.96
1968 3.96
1969 3.96
1970 3.96
1971 3.24
1972 3.24
1973 3.24
1974 3.24
1975 3.24
1976 3.24
1977 3.24
1978 3.24
1979 3.96
1980 5.4
1981 5.4
1982 5.76
1983 5.76
1984 5.76
1985 7.2
1986 7.2
1987 7.2
1988 8.64
1989 11.34
1990 8.64
1991 7.56
1992 7.56
1993 10.98
1994 10.98
1995 10.98
1996 7.47
199 7 5.67
1998 3.78
1999 2.25
2000 2.25
2001 2.25
2002 1.98
2003 1.98
2004 2.25
2005 2.25
2006 2.52
2007 4.14
2008 2.25
2009 2.25
2010 2.75

ɺ׵ġϥǡ

                          𱴱

еĸֽɭ֮У԰Ǹ׽ȻӴҰ
ĳϾ֮ʱ䶯԰ܷһ¡
Ƕˣȷôһɷǵʣͱϵһ
˼ֵ˳˵һ£ȻУʪأ
ϢҶֲĵطģɺ׽ȫǵ룩

иСкͻȻеɺ׵ϥǳǰġΧĿ
֮˵ҪСһƽϣǿѧȴݰ⺢˵Ĺ۵
ǴģɺףףϥǺ˵һǳġ

Ҫɺ׵ϥǳǰǳһŴͳĿѧȽ
ѧûнʹףƽʱϤģң˵ɡ
Ȼ߷ڲͬĿĿͼĿĲ𲻴ԶС
ͬĿĲ鶯

ԹצͼȰɣצ²ǼĽֺĸһǳ
ģλýϸߡǰ˳צ൱Ľֺףֺ
ǽƣŹֻһŹǺƹϳɵģ൱
űһ𣩣ڸշСλ÷ǳԡѧ
һ¹޽еģЩ޽
ŹǴܿ׵ⲿֺͼһģֻ׵Ųһ
Щˡ

ŹΪӦֺվźġ
ؽڣȻ׹ؽˡһ׵ĹؽҲǳǰ
ġλкɺ׳ǰġϥǡʵɺ׵Ľף
ڵҲһġ

ĽŸϾƽʱԵļˣƽʱ˵ȣʵ
ձȽϽѧ˵ӦСȡƽʱʱ˵ȣ˵
ȡСͷֹǺǣСҲһֻ
رСǳԼȵʱر׺ԡȤĻ´γԼʱ
Թעһ¼ǸͷϽŵϸСĹͷɡ

һֻúõļʱһ𼦣Сȣһ˺
Сһ˺һ飬СǸͷĴ
ǡɹǣȺС֮ϥؽڣһ׵
ϥҲǳġϥؽëͼ֮£׷֣
ϥؽôԶѡ

Ǹк۲ǺϸóĽȴǴģʵֻҪ´γԼ
ʱϸ۲һ¾ͿˣԵóһĴ𰸡ѧ
ڳԻ𼦵ʱͨϸµĹ۲뵽Ĺʯ
Դѧ˵´γԼȻѼӡӡȵࣩʱ
ϸ۲һ°ɣлĻٵȥʯ˵ҵ
֮ĴءѹЩѧΪûִĿ
ûʧҺԺ

˳һ£ձȽϽѧĹ۵㣬ǽܳİԱأΪ
ֺ·ģֻ֫ʣָˣϰߣһ
ǳŵޣ

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

                    ҺЩŮǣģ

                       W

                          ƪݶ÷

49

ݶ÷һϰĿյʱеġͬ
ʱڵλʳó緹һ⳵۵糸ظϵԼҡʷ
ԵĻһСʱ˳֮Ƕǳ˷ܡ

ڸһ¥֮οԾ̲סҪӵݶ
÷ֲô󵨣ݶ÷ܲˣݶ÷Ϊʱ򲻵
򲻵§§ģ°ġſ˫е
˼һʱ§İƣʵ
ֻǷǳӵһ£Ϊֻһ
Բִӣҡ

ݶ÷ո˵ꡰټϾ͵Ůǳ͵۵ĺ
ߵЦǳ׽̬ȺС迴
ĿѾﵽˣ뵢ݵʱ䣬ԼʵҲЩ¡Ŀ
ﵽ˾ͳαûҪ˷ʱأԺ󡪡Ժ󲻾һһ
һ𣬻еʱġݶ÷˷ܵؼææҪѺ
ԭݶ÷һţ˵жôˡȻԭа
Сܹͨһأ裬ôô
ôº͵غС˵黹ǴسԼϡû뵽Чô
ãʮ϶ϲС£Ϊ˵ȫһĸ׶
ԼʮַǷĺú˵ʱ顣СµıҲ̫ˣ
ΪСľרע˵Ҳȫʮĺúӵ
ֵɰС¾ԲֳģԼжϣС
ֱǫ͵ˣֹеԸȫһµġǳοԼ
۹⣬һţһ˵Ŀ۹࣬Ȼϵ
Ҳܿá

ݶ÷¥ʱҲеȸԾҲĵΪҲһӣ
ҡ׼ȷ˵һѰ룬쿪ӣҵʱԼ
ץ˰ѡһ£ǳϤ˵εϻ
ʮŮûƤûߣӣֲʲôԲĶ°
Ծǡѽһһ߳Բأõִ
⣬ʱ϶ŮҪʲô߲ߣ޲ð
ɹŴҹ㡣һһ߳ԻôŲںЩءСſ˫
ʱΪСҪأ¡֪ڿʼС¾
ʽѣر£е㲻˼ҲΪ
ʶչ̫ˣ˵嵽һʲôĸо֮е㺦С±
ھӿ֮е㺦ߡк϶ûֺߵĸо
조С£Ҫôոͽһӣң첻
ֻͣ¥ӣҵ鵲һ΢ۡ
졢ͷź۸һֻһĹһֻСһ
Ĺ֣Сʮֻʮֿŵҧӣ
ҧݶ÷۵ʱ򣬷ֺû۸Цӣ
Ҫ

ˣߺ𣿡ݶ÷˸оĻǡ˵
ģǷθ̾ġ

û⣬ǳžʹ򳵡ƽȴ󷽵ش˷
ȥֻﹷҡͷβڡ

ִѽ㱾ʹ𣿡ݶ÷ǺΪԸ
Ŵ򳵡

㣨ĿͣɡұǾСʿʱȳ⳵˾
ҪЩο׬һǧСأ

ݶ÷ú涺һ˳ˮĻ鶼ûС
ϲֱĸоͲϲֺúͿˡ
ķǳˣûоʲôıҪС㱾ҲǿԼģ
κˡ

ʵûʲôҪɣûоôҲ
͡Ϊ߹ݶ÷鳤δΪ˹ŹɹǸɣ
¸ƵģΪ˽ʡʱԴ򳵣õȥ

ûСѽӣôѽݶ÷˵ΪʲôԼ
еؽܺĿͣ

˭ŮôСƱúкһɲɣ㲻
ð̸ƫİɣ

пޡҿóرãԱȶҺ͸á

Ϲ˵̵ǿˣһ֮е

㲻֪˵Ǹ˼֪ǣ֪Խ
ݶ÷ǵؽиŮ㣩ͱȶҺ͸綼áΪȷ
ýȸöࡣ֪ûϹѧϵĴѧ
רҵǺŵģֳúܺãֺܶ¡˵һ붼ȲϽ㡣
ľԼĺ䲻˼ңӦöԽȶǸһ
Źȥ

Ը̲ҪΪеⲻȥۻ塣

Ҳ֪ޡٺ٣ҿɲôΪޣ

ãȷһܲһ衣

ǵģҷǳԺ˵Ϊʲôܹ֪
һֱǳǳáûܻڡˣҺ˵
˥ߡҰʱ𣬼˶˼
׼ʱ뿪ǡһҽѧ漣֪
ŲùǶۣҲʲôĲġ
ʲôˣģΪǣʲôܹڵ
ǸģΪԴʮ꣬Ϊչ˵úá˵
չ˺Ͱŷ漣õ˸ѧ
ǳѹȫ֧ҿоԽҷǳǳؼһ
ꡣ

һ⳵ˣǣȥ

ݶ÷ĻЩжۿЩȣǼһǳ
ļͥóǼһ񾳽ļͥЩ˾
ҲĲʿоƾѧнڻоԱͷΣ˭ܸо
ʲô񾳽磿㿴оôһһоԱоԱ
ҪûõĿ˪ӣͰ͵ģ
Ƿ־ƿؿĿѡпĿĺ񱩷ƵĿ
һУõĿժ˿ѧʹϵ顣ʵ˭֪ÿ
Ŀͽصİͷǩʩͬʲôҵʵһ
òͬ

ٺ٣ÿ̱Ŷ

ǿ̱ǡۡ͡ҾǾں˽񾳽磬ȷ
Ǽҷͬ졣Ҿһоǲʢ

֪Ҳ֪Ǽڱ˿ЩǸҲ֪
˵֮ǼҾܱһЩ˴򽻵ֻҪǾÿ
Դ򽻵ˣǻǼҵ˷ǳúܵⲻ
Լ˵ġҲ֪㲻㾫񾳽硣оǣְֵȷԺ
ʮоְΪ飬˵ũĶӡʿ
Ķӣһǣ˵ʮĴѧʮо˵
һоȫֻٸʵְоȽоԱҲ
ȽϲģҲǹҵһμϼĺѧҡ
ЩΪ٣˵ʲôʿĶӡʮо˼һΪ
һѧء֪Ϊʲô

ҾʦҪһ־񾳽Ϊ١һ˵ľ񾳽͵ǰ
һ֪ʶӾ񾳽кܴĲͬ˵һоǲʢ
ⲻ˵ƨĻҶоԼǰѧʦ۲ܽ
Ľۡ

ݶ÷̲סЦҾ仰˵׼ĵõط

ȥȥʲôһʢСº֮

ǣҿҲǸ츳㼴Ƿ츳ˣҲڰ
ǰʩչ׼ܲ󾵡

棬÷÷ϢˣҲᴵţˡʦҴ
ǻѧѧҪ˼һ㱨Ҷά˹п˹
ľ룬𴩵ˣ

ɵΪǸʲôά˹ԻһԺ˰֣Ҫһ
ʳԺʿ֪һ£㲻ҪԱ˵ޣְֺͳԺʿǴѧ
ͬѧ֪𣿡ݶ÷Щ˼֪Լôðһ
ɵݶ÷ǰܾŮѡɵʱô벻
Լô˳˵ˡֹ˵ɵʼ˳ˣ˵Լְ
ʱѾϰ߲ҡˣƺǱʶѾʼһְ֡

Ҳ߱ˡ֪Ҳ޷ѽҵʦǴѧͬѧô
ʦȼëƤȥʳʦ

ôˡԺʿͰְֲ޻̸

ͷ˵СʲôûУ

ݶ÷Ц

˵ɣ˵޷˼˼Ϲ۵㣬ô˵С

ôΪԺʿ˵㻵ءǲûϷˡ

ô˵ԭʦΪԼϴѵѧҵͬѧŮѣ
ԺʿĴܣ˵û״ýźԱһ

ޣݶ÷һŵͷĹ

˵˵ʦʦ˵ЩʲôҺܸȤ

ݶ÷ӣЦӯӯػͷͷ
ûȫսȥһ־ô²ֵ̫Ǽ
һᣬְӦҪתԺʿǡҵǿ
ܵ

ôһ䣿ѽͥأûξֱɣ

ôһ˳Էʱ˵˵˵ͬһλģ
þǴӡ󶼺ܺòſ̸Ǽұͷ̸ѡ̸̸̬ȣ
˵ͬһλĸԾ͸

ڳ⳵ذ죬һͿصϰĹԴ
󻷾Դоˡ˵һ¸ܰûи
ʦ˼ʲôĿʵ벻ܵҵ£ܵ
ҵ¡

С£һһģһôҿ
ҲɣܻҸɡݶ÷ԹԸЦƺЦ
ɲ̫֣ЦЩ΢졣

ôűϣֲں㡮ʮˡ
СѧʱѾϴѧҴѧСѧ̸ѣ˵ҿ


С£ҿͺѧ࣬ɰƤˣ̲㶺
ˡ

ѽôƯСŮôĸԸ쳾ẉ̂

ˣ쵽ơൺơƳˡ֪ơ⸽𣿡

֪ѽǰǲôôûˮƽ⣿ൺס˼
˻в֪ơĵҪȥ𣿡

һǡ

Ҫȥ𣿡

ȥ𣿡

ѽ

Ȼǳ𣿡

дأȥϰ

𣿡

ðɡ

ȻǺơƣ

ơƣҺȲ˶٣뱭ɡ

Ȱɡ³

ԡ

ѧôСѧô
ݶ÷Цǰ촭ˡ

Ȼݶ÷Ƕ棬ֱ߰СһԹԵ
ҲһҲ̲סˣһʹرסݶ÷
΢΢סؿЦСһֻèһ죬
ﱧסʲôĶеһǿҵ۵Ŀ
ﵴȫ棬еһеĺߵĳʪ
ʱҺһݣݵĶǾԴ
޹ģΪʹȫûһëײ̩⳵˾Ҳݶ÷
ЦȾЩЩӲ·ӡ

50

ݶ÷ͺԻصԼоȥʱϻЦ֣
ԭ˵ͼĵЦôһݶ÷֮ھôĬЧ֪
ԼΪʲôЦЦôġûݶ÷쾹Ȼô
ĻÿɰĺϲŮ˴ĿֵŮ
ضеŮղȥһ·龰ںԺ
Ӱһطšݶ÷ӣҵ̬ôɰӣִԲֺ
÷÷еӣңƯֵֻÿ
һС飬Ůš

Ϊ˷ܣҲΪɶǡȵŷ
ƼãһϵеѾʹǱʶһݾ裬
һۡǵظԼҪ侲Ҫǿ߼ֱһ
оܺáǷǡȷʵ㡱ͷеġоܺá
ȷʵ㡱֮зǳϽϵΨ֤Ϊκ
֮䶼ϵֱǺ߰˳֮
ĹϵǷǳʵڵġ͵ľǣŷôȽ
ʵֻԼͷһõġŷӡ󣬻˵äӡ
ʶ˽ŷҪ˵ĿƴȴӺȥ׷
֪Ѿ־޴֮󻹻Ľ߾ȫȥж
ΪֻҪ׿ڽ˵һΪʲôŷͷһٰʮ׷
ҲԲӦŷʲôֵ׷أ˻ֶͬ
ĴרҵҲ֪ʶʲô˼ͷԺ;񾳽磿Ȼ
ҲΪʲôԡʲô󡣿ǶһεΪ
Լ淶˵ģһ£кϷι淶˵
ͬͬѧǮҽԺһǮҲ˼ңҲϷ
ΪǮΥǣһѣ˷ȴǸ֪鳣
ǮͲһǧǮܼģֻϹȥ
ٿǮȻû˵ͲȴǺζ
аģ̸ʲô˸жľ񾳽硣Ľǣһ
ͨһĳŮԵΪ淶ŷûʲô
ȴƿɳ¡ۺްɸеġţⲻĽ
ûУ˵ڱûСΪʲô˵أͷʹ
ɿɱ棬ûдΪʲôأرȥ廳£ر
ȥˣ¾һ֮ȥ

ٱŷöࡣȿ˵Ϊġ
ȵãûκ޵Ķ
ͰĽȷֱʴ󷽵׹ĸ顣ʾ
ĸ飬ϵģԸ񲻺ϣܽĸ顣
ĳִȷʵΪϸжȻ
ܾĸ顣عͷʾϣ¿ĸ顣
ϲ֮ʣֻһʱͷԷȡ˵侲룬
ԸǲϣΥĵؽһ𣬽ֽʹġȻ
ЩʹȻʼվûиǽһʶ˴˵
еźϵġΪ̬ȷģǹģ
ȷԼǲԵġϵġԣ
ôֵָڣܾĸʱϸµؿ
ĸܡȻͬѧ꣬Ʒͨ˵ĽҲ
ܽóԼĽۺɡٺʶ
оҲഺǸȲ
Ҳˣ˵ϻ᲻Ҹ
Ҳ̫ܲԣȾֻһʱļУʵеһ
¡ĹιɺøеĽɰĽ޾޺
ƽֹˮ䣬ʱµĵʴǽһ
ԹӰģȻмѧУԺµǸ
õӰӡǸõãεǰĶ

Ƽһ޿κεź˵ԼǷ㰮
˵ϲһǿҵĲԼĸ飻ϲϲһֵ
ĸоǾԷȽϵĽۡᡣϲƼ
Ϊͷ˼뻹аġƼʳΪһλ
ʱϡƼ֮֮ûϷҪ
Ǹʧ̬ĸסΪƼʧ֮ҪΪ
ڡʵϲûɾܾƼĺ
Ȼ׿ڸ˽⣬裬ƼӦûܾ
Ƽһ˼鶼ܴϵŮûкй
ӴʮĴʶʱ򣩣˵ûкʲôк֣
ûек߹Ƽ׿ڸǵһϲкʱ
ŸмỨŮ顢˼ʹϵл
̬ԼûʲôĿ֪һ
ѣӦƽȥȥܡԼʧ
ѧϰɼܺáͬѧܺáʦҲòѧ
ʵϲ˼صѧʱԼ
ѾϵȻҵһƳĶӶˡĹʹ
Ȼ˼õĶ顣

ãԼͷβһ󡣾ΰĹٵȷ
йһڳ¶㡢Źⱻʷ֤ʺΪ쵼֮󣬾
ǧνûκβŻĹ˴򶫷ǵ
ʱĴ󰡣Լá̸̸ĳʹˣҲ
Ҳ֤Ǵġһʿôܺ͹˼ֻͥгĻ
Ů̸أ޷⣬ǷԼϵϷԡ֪Ϊ
ʲôԼɵ˵ز֪ǳ׵֪֪޳ܣ
ѵ֤㲻ǡɫǻ𣿺̵

һĻĻӰڻطţСһÿ
Դ޷ƿء޷ظ޷رܣеһĺӡ
˹ȵŷƼãԼ
ഺػ԰֣ȴĸŮˣ˹
ӵֻʣһߡķ羰𣿾
ȺҵذĽȻǸµʲôأʧ⣬
꣬޿״ʹ޷ŽΡʣα
ϷûУϵģ޹ģഺǶôô
ôε۰ĴۣľǳԵĵ
PǡѪûġžԵĽᾧΪ
ԡоܺá͡ȷʵ㡱֮ϵ⡣ãʹ
Եܡţеں䡢ͺ嫵ģȴ
ܱġ桰ֻԴġһ仰
ʱȺȡŷƼ˶оܺáʵ
Ƿȷʵ㡱սȴġʱ˿̣˼Ҫ
ݶ÷׽ǡоܺáǡȷʵ㡱ٴ
һҲ̫ԩˡ

ʼһݶ÷Ŀеӡ

ݶ÷ĶľƯǳϹӡӺͲµ
֮ⶼ񶨵ʵҲǻϵʵʱ
һδ¥˵ȥͻȻ¥ͣסˣͷ΢۵
ȵݺʱۡһۣһΪ
أԲŮѽû
ôûݴˣֻеһҲΧŮ
һѧӢڶα˸òݡǲ
ôİ˴кģҲ׵崿顣
ʣо𣿡Ϊֵ·ݣֻѧ
Ĺо·ݿʼݶ÷Ϊҡҡͷ糺졣
Ϊĳ˵ŮҲɲغˡ

緹ʱһϡƵģЦ߱оҵ
һţǽûĳˡ

ʲô˼˭̸ˣС£ôĸŮǻ֪
أ˾ȵط׷ʡ

ʲô̸߰û̸ϣǽûһˡ
ǣˮƵģһ⣬ǾҪ
ز²⡣

ҪϲĸŮֱ˵ʲô˲ģ㻹ʿأҪ
æҪ˼̫ˬˣ˷׷Ǵ

˵УУ֪ˣǿ϶ûЩȻ


ôƽڳʦǰ˵˭ţҪò
˼ͱóʡŤŤ󣬴ĲʿأʦܣҶ֪ô˵
ãʦҲЩá

˵ûһˡѵ
˵˭ں˭̸ѵûŮѾͲĳĳ˭ʲô֣
˰ɹڣҲ֣㡪

ʵˮƽ̫ˡûĳˡǶû͵ţ
ʦЦֺּ

Ŷر⣬һ˵ˡĳˡ
ûƢˡ

һ⣬㲻˵ô֪ûȵˡ
ʦҲƢ

ǳƯһŮ˸̾

һһŵطЦ
ʩȸۣɽҲˣ軹г
Ϣߴ𣡡ҪľСָо˼ҡС¶൥
ĺӣ

㡪ǡֶû˵ʶ˵ʲô״
һȺĸоٷ֮һЩҲϴĸо
һɲֽһɲ

֪ˣ˵ҳϵŮ㲻żɣŮ
ȷ˼һʱһľС¿׷׷С£ϣ
׷ǣо˼Сأǵžǡ²ʿ
ôʧ

ֵҲУɣָܿ˵٩ɡ

㲩ʿ׷˭׷ô˼ҡͣ
ʦиƯ̫̫˵ŮŮ
ӡ

ҡ衯û㡮衯ˮƽߡ챣ӣŮ졣
϶ԼβŮεķ羰ʿһһȡ
ġ࣬ԴʾԼסΪʿۡŮ
ޣˡûСš¡֮ƥ䡣׷ҲмڹΪ
ò׷˼

㡮ҡϡǷ³ϡһҧʮ¾
˼ƯһͲŵ²ءҳϼҵĹдҳܲʶ
ҳϡ־ͿóԻȽϻʵоԱ˵
ҵǳʦһ˲̫һҶ֪
Ҹ㣬ҹ׷һ׷ǻǵʦΪ˽
ܿһϷҲкüϡ

˺󿴵ݶ÷Ȼ͵ۣƽ羵ûҪȥ׷
ԼûԷʱŪī򶯲ˡ
Ůƺ̫Сʱĺߣʮĺһ
ɬɣĸоǶԵģݶ÷רҵС
꣬һĿõŮǺ뵽ǰһ
ζݶ÷Ųӡ龰λȴߵʵ

Ȼŷö˵ǺƯݶ÷ͺ໨
ϵУлıȽϡѽϵΪʲôҪŴңֱ˻
ʵԡܹʹ˾ΪУҺֱϳҲ
㡣ҲҪǡⲻ
־ΪתƵģʯͺһǼӲʵݲ
κ۵󡣾ȻҧΪƯǵһλġ
ǣƯǵڶλģǸӵġοҲã֮ǻ£Ȼ
ûŮһҪƯģܾƯҺ뵽÷÷
ƯΪСǿķ֮ͽҲǱʶͱʶһ£
װסȻذʵΪ˼ȷʵƯʵ
͵һһذڣرҲ©κһ㡣

òһ׵ǣݶ÷޽еر콿۵ͯ
ɵഺھͷֻŮǳ̬мкʮ
ͳ˴صĺЩ˼ǡɧʵЩ˵
֪ûкģЩӺ͡ɧ롰ɧ޹أֻһֺ
ѡݶ÷ʮĴﻹͯҲһһ쳣󣬲
ǹ̨ͯĿ˾Ƽ̣ľ
ͯġȻǲôݺģܶݶ÷
Ӵ̫˳ЩСЩ˲֪Դڶʼòȷʵ
۵ͯȻмˤôһ䣺Ůе̫
Ǹˡ͵Ҫʳʦ´֡

´ɽˣַǳ͵ĽںƢͻƢ֮ˣԽ
Խ᣻ԽԽס΢һɽ˶֪ɽ
⡱͡͡Щӽ´ʱǸغ˼ң㣡Ҫ
͡Ҫˣݶ÷ȲҷߺҲ˼
ָ˵´žһãһݶ
÷ߵͨ죬˵һ´־ͳǰѵĶҡ
ͷ޿κ״ݶ÷һŷת߿´־ͱԹˣС
󱣬Ӳ˵һˣ򷹵
ǻԲζʮɽԱɽСƷɲرһЦ
ûȵ´۵ˮϡʵҲѹֳ´Ǻ⣬
̨ҰԣŮ֮ǣؼҪҶԵطǵĶˣ
Ǵ˵طҪ˼ཱུĴƵġ

ݶ÷ͯںо֮ݶ÷ǵֱʵģ
ʹһ̬ںõ飬ϰ߻ؾðذ
̫ˡڲõ飬Ǿ˵̫ˡˡ
ֱ̫ɶ񡱡ͺһʱԸ޾С
ʱǶؾ̫ˡÿʱ촿ͯ϶
ᣬ𵽺ļȥҷ

ָͷݶ÷˳ڵƯͯ˾
Ө͸ĵСܺʱҲ
Ƶá˵ǣݶ÷һǳаĵ
ˡõݶ÷ǺаĵġôһӡǸɫıʼ
ǸɫıʼǱϣݶ÷Сѧ꼶ʱǼµļռǷǳ
ˣӡǳֻ̡Ҫһ۾Ůʱݶ÷
ƮȻڶʡǸʱ˥ߵĸԲڴΣڵ
Ϧ

1989/5/23硣裬װ衣ĸڻˮֶˣָ
ˡͻĵĶƤЩ͸Ҽܿ氵ɫอҷȫˣ
Ƥԭɫɫˣ׵еĤľȫü
Һ°裬뿪𣿣裬Ҫ뿪ңϵۣ
ɣҪ衣裬˵ȥʡҺ͸ѧҲ
˰ְ֡裬ȥȥҲۡҲᵢѧһ
һչԼԸչһֱڴҲԸ⡣
һºº£ϵۣɣ

1989/6/12СꡣߴﹾࣺϰѧϰίԱִͷ
ǰؼأѧίؼͣôҹѽ˼ҳƯ£
һǻ쵰˵Ҫǰ
Ǿ塣ʦǾûͬģ
侮ʯϵۣɣȥͷǵɣԣ˵ˣ벻
Ҫͷ裬趼ΰˡͳͷͷԼɣЩ
ˡҽҪСʱҪţгĩţɸ
ΪҪһθڣвϵ̫ҪһУҽ˵
һҪϴ裬Ƥͣ׸Ⱦվ
ֻùڴȵëЩҪܶ
ʱ䡣ҲҪЩ޳ܵĲϵۣɣ

ݶ÷ÿһռǡÿһƪʶ¼һࡢŮ
һδʻһɬ졢һ˼ݶ÷
һΰһɫصıʼǱ˿׼ܵʱ
ίʱ¼պԺ˾Ǻ
жô˷𣡹ƣһЦֵǧŮ
ԼӰɺЦӦСݶ÷һʼǱ
һʻŮ֮Ľܲ

ԽԽݶ÷ɰݶ÷Ǿʾ׵ģ
޷޷ͼġƯ˶üģȻûһ
㡣ȻòֻռȫɰĲٷ֮ʮΪ
ĴаģԺ
Ȼǡǵãоںܶ˶ݶ÷
ۣŮƯȷʵǺƯ̫Ǹˡ̫ô
ǵ룬˵ĿҲ⣬ΪֻǼòˣеǴ
⡪ʼɡʲôֱǺ˵˵
ΪԽԽԵЩڵ𣿷һǰҲ
ͱһֻһƯŮѡʲôߣߣ
ҿʱҿʱԶ˳Щʫǻ췹ԵĶŪ
⣬˶ͿԡᶨضԹ˳˿ڵ
ʫ˱֤ķ񶨡Ľǣݶ÷ǿɰģݶ
÷ĿɰǾúͷġȻһǱʶģģĵǡ
ʾһ̫ˣֱ񻰣ǹ£ʵ
һ̫оڷɡиɣҲһж
ֻǸоʵ

ôôʮȫʮأԣǡôôŮء
ԼԼ𣿲ǣǴģֻΪһר
ҵŮ˵Ǵģ˼·ڳŮûг
ڳ¡ľŻûиԼ޷Ĳǡ
ģֻǡ۾촽ȳơյ
Ļ߱沿һŵ˵ͼǰͦ͸
ִŮԵźͺǡûеˮ
ˮ峺㷢ֱҳûе˿ֺϸܵ
ǡ¶ơƮ次ʿչǲʿмأΪ
รģҪĵãûһЦ˳ǡ
Ц˹ݶ÷ЦǳȻûҲû
Ρ

һܵı֤óˡݶ÷ʮȫʮġĽۡ
Ҫݶ÷ʮȫʮҪʵģõġ
ɴҲ֤ԼѵģûкҲΡԵ뵽
ʮȫʮʱø죬̤ʵȻЩƮƮȻо
ûա¸ڹͷʣ˽׼ߣ֪ȯ
˾ˣŶ֣·ϷǣٸߵĹҲҪκ
죬Լʲô·Ҳˤӡ˽׼ˣο
СĺĺԴСֵܻˣƢҸͶ
֪ŮһôصۡһôǴ
ŷƼãû˭̸ѣһϷһ
Ρ˭ֳܹЦоٵƮƮȻأóӦǿƾƶȵĻĵ

ҲԼ棬ѵ㲻ʵѵ㱻һδʧ
׻ܻûб˰ɣ˵һνӴд𣿵
һαдʱһڶǴģôҲĲá㲻ǻ
ԼͲǱ𣿵ʮΰѳĵΪаգ
ǴˣҺ滹˲֪ٴΡ֮Ƕˣ
˼ľǣһˣôҲӴˣţֻҪ
˼룬ûи㲻ĳ򡣺˿뵽ѧոݵص
ҵëйء۳־սĹ˼һġʮָж
˶ǰ뿪ϾʱͬҺӭŵٱԣɣֱ
ǰǶô̵˼ѽΪѧˡ̸ѣĪ˹Ϊ˴
桢ơ氮·ǲɣģҪʹۡԼ
ԹֱΪϣƱܶ񣬲αֺãԲͨڶ
ʮ궼ûŮѡ޲ſԡò͡޵¿Ůӣʹ
;Եˣίȥ׷ȥ󣬵ڲͬһϵĳôҲ
һȥ죬ϲۣڸҺһλ
ƯŮ뵽ʱѾ˫ʪӯӯ

51

ݶ÷ưһλ͵µһֱãȴǼ
ۺġ䡣ԲһĴ帾Сɱģú
ӮüеͳελԲưΪϰҳϽϼʮ
꣬˵ྴȷûôȻ˵û޹
ָʮżеģ׼ȷ˵Ϸ֮ûʲôǵĿ
̾ԼԴѲԼҵĸЩ
ʽŮᣬϲԼļҹɷգѾоԼ治
ڣѰԼĴ뵽֮ͥȥˡμҶ´Ϊ
Ϊɷ룬ΪǵĳԶ룬¶ϸȫ档
̵μҷԻǿģɷӶоȨǻ϶
ȨԾġйл񹲺͹쵼һ쵼
λʷγɵġ

Ů÷÷Լˣ̲Ըϣ֮
ʮɬҲЩյԺʿ
ĵ˽ܺ÷÷ʽһ棬֮Լұǲ뷢
չȥҲûһ׷һߣһ־ûһ
ģĵʵһ˼Ρǣ÷÷ûаգ
ҪСѰѹءزǼ޲޸ĳ˵ǵأĳ̸
ǲ̸ʽ̸ǲʽ̸̸ǵ㵽Ϊ̸ֹǵء
ʵЩ룬˽ЩܱȽϸӣ
ìܡǣ÷÷С̸ʣܸ¼档

ȣ÷÷С±Щ񶼿ʮһ
ˣŮû̸̸벻̸Ҫƶ档̴ͲԸ
棬Ը˼˵ԼһǷ⽨ͥĸŮ
£¹Ҫѵֲܣľ
̫죡һμ֮ʽͥԼˡˣҪ
Ͳ̸ˡֺ˼̸̸ҲͰˣò塣
òؼ˽ҲͰˣ⺢żҪ
һӸһȷĶ϶˼ҵĺӵ̫̫棬
е˵ȥԼǶôߵƵģ˼ҽŮѡҪ
̫̫ѡ̲ԸΪԼǲ˼ҡֻ⺢Ӳ
졣

뵽⺢ӵĲ죬̵ľ͵ɤˡൺߵһ
磬˵Ҫ÷÷ȥʿ϶ȴ
ǵɩİëĸʻѽ
⻹ʱһƮءӦһ䣬ŮСʱĵ
࣬Ůʱĵ»ࡣľûʡĵʱ˵
ҲǲһĸףŮԼȥ
Ůܺͱ˼ҵŮѽɲ˵ƯءҪ⺢ӿ
Ǳ۵ġĺҡסУعӴ
Ļѽ÷÷ѹûû뿪ҡûĺӳ
ǧҲС㲻ţֲ鷳̿гٳʮ


ŮʮʮһûԽһǧһ֤
ˣֻ͵ԸԼ
գһĲ£˭ȥ⺢
ӲǸΪĸӦõġֻԼŮˣ
ʹؿ̾

ǣѹŮôһ˼С⺢ӵȷüĿ
к֮ǱȽټģʮ߰꿴ȥͶʮһࡣ̸
ֹŴ󷽡Ըʣ˵ۣ˼ֱ
͸ϺȷʿȥһʿȻҲ˵ʿ
ӦһʲôС¾񡣸οгԺʿҵ
ǿ˱Ƚϵǣһ뵽ǡľ˰ء̿
Сº÷÷һһڣܲ˲ηһһôô˳ۡ
˵Сµڷȷʵȥڷ̫ˣС²ûŮ
һߣƺСһš˵ᣬ֪ŮôôͶ
ôϾˡ÷÷̫ˣô˼챻һ˵
ôҸôŵġ׼ܲˣ

ݶ÷ϲںڸһӴˡ
ݶ÷ڻĽȦӲ̫ԭ֮һΪ
ĿϣЩԱʱʱ̸̿еƾѧܼ
о﹤ԼһרƾȹЩ͸ƵģЩ
Ϊ顣˵ҹ󱾿ƾԵ֣ҹϾƾݶ÷Ѿ
һ궬һҪƴһһҪгɹֻɹ
ʧܣʧ˾֤Ҳģݶ÷Ѿǧҧ
ѣݶ÷նࡣӴǸԼԼ
Ĺ¶۸ʲôһİ顣Ӵ˿Ա˴򽻵
ʳõĳ´֣ݶ÷°ЬĨҲһȥʳ򷹡
е⣬ݶ÷ѾʮֵİաΪһʿѵ
˶ʿоݶ÷ûлɹԼӸŴĴϻۣʵ
ѧѧϰίԱ°ؼҵİ೵ϣݶ÷еԼ
ѾڡԱλϡȻ೵ûֺͰҲ
ǰƸԱĸооǰѩ

ݶ÷ڿԼŵʱѾ׼ζС
棬˵ȥǺơƵΣſһɲͻȻЩ죬һ
ž̸СƺЩ̫ˡŮһ̾ͺСʱ
ʲôһʮûĸоŮǰ
һ衱ʱ̾ӦӲذӣ
Ů͡ݶ÷ɳЩƺЩմĸף
ѩһֻ価ɫëĲаϵ衣
ذͷӵԼӿഺظϣ裬ֲ
Ůҷ㷢ɢͰ͵ϣֱеۿЩȣ
Ļŵ˵ûУ۵ġѧϰȥɡͷҲһ
£ô׷оġһᵽѧϰ
ݶ÷˵еС£޲ðԼǿӢŮѧ
ϰȥˣ̸ŰӣͽȥųŮź
࣬ʼ

ݶ÷һ̯Ӣ飬뵽岻ãӦ
ݶ÷̬ȷǵɣȻղȴʮⲻ˵
ΪԲڴЩ궼ĸŮѾγĬֻҪ
̲£һҪ̾ÿǷŮ̫࣬Ů
̫ࡣ֪ŮڴˣΪԼŮһ
ģĴѧûġ̻֪ŮĸԸ
׵һˣоʽʵ׿Ⱥ룬
һƲ졣ȰŮܷģ˼õѧϰȥ
ҪŲס˵ˣңʹҪſ£ͼʹ
ˣҲԹ޻ڡ̾ŮԼ÷÷һ
ֱһ˳ĺӡ̶Ůİ˹֮޵
ԼܵǷݰ̿ݶ÷ԸʣȻؿ
̡һ塣˵ŮϽôǿ
ӦüѡõഺഺĿǰ飻Ů
гģҲĻˣǹˣЩ
̾ŮϽͬʱӦѰµ顣֪
һŮжôҪԼ˵̸ʲô˵ҵ
ϰ꼸ʮ꣬ǰԵҵ׷Լ׷
ΪһŮˣ첻Ըʮȫʮʧȥԣ
̵ǣȻŮ÷÷䲻󣬲ҪżкĻ
ҲܴСץֶҪӲϰҳϷ꼸ʮ飬
һгǸʮ־ȣ̵˼뾹
Ժΰ˱ȼ硣ѹֺԽԽ̾ʦΰ˼ҵԾ
˹㷺Ⱥڻڹһѧ⣬ʲôСȺȺ
ȥпҲҪʣʦԣ̵
˵˼أ̵ȺصĴ˼룬ʦΰ
أ˵֮ݶ÷ȫܹ˼룬ݶ÷Ҫһ
ѣǸоҪУҲҪСͲͬЩŮ
ѣֻһȻֻǿʵô󣬵
ҲУΪֻǽһʱı־ʵô󣬵Ǳڵ
ܴܺ˭˵ǱڵôأȻ˵壬ôԼҲ
УʱŮҪֻҪѵѧݡҲĶ
Ҫߺ˵˵ŮѾӶԷһȻȫ
һֱֺĸҪôϸ޶һ£νЩָ
ԼԻϰˡ֮ܶʱ˿̣ݶ÷ʮ
õġ

ݶ÷ǰ̯һ澵ӣŬԼһ
ӢﵥʶûУȫԼ顣һ뵽С£ôɵ
һһ㶵ӣһ뵽ӦΪƺѾ
ǳˣӲͦţһ룬Ӧ̫˼
壬ԼѧϰһĴ¡ݶ÷ձذ˽ʮӣ
ൽ˳ԷʱҲ뿴ǲرĲ
Ϳųˡ

ԭԤݶ÷һſھͻʣ裬Сµ
ŮһʣΪԤλشѾһ
׼֪ԼĻش϶Ů֮⣬شأ
ܲ²ؼ˵׻ͦġɣΥĻ
ѽѾ飬ֻҪŮһʣĻشǣҾò
ʣ̫ˡ̾ԲǷ⽨ҳоҪ
˵ŮҪ̸ȥԲ档û뵽Ůһţһ
죬ѹû¡̵ľǲ˵ģ֪ŮһŲɡ
ֵʡҲֻ֪Ҫһ˵ʡ
˵ʡ÷÷˾ųɾû⣬ܾͻԡó˵
˵˵ھ˵ʵڲģŮġ
̱ࡣ˿϶Ϊ
һƿһ˵˵ز϶һ˲ĳɾ͸УȻ˿̣
̵ȴʧܡ׳ì֮ܽ֯СʧܵǣŮûж
˼άʮĴȲ˼ʮСŮ׳
ǣΪ־߱ΪŮҸò
ȷ־šǣ֪Ůԭʼļһ
ֻˮһ־һ֣Զ޷ֻˮϵ۸
ÿŮҫͶһμȷûмеյǸϣ
͵ˮȥһ֡ڸпŮҼˮʱ
ҳϻˡ

Ժݶ÷ͬһоͬһоϰ࣬ڿҵæ
Ǽҳ㷹һžаյſڹϰ飺


ͻȻҵ˷϶ʲôܹŮ
񿴱˼ҵһίŮһҪ޳

һ⣬벻ʲôҪҲò
ͷҲЩίô

һͲʣ㿴Ҳ˵һֻԹϰ顣

ͷϰô˸Ƶģôһ㶼ء
ҿͦҪ÷÷Ϣ˵عš

ϰһˣֱ˿ˣЩ
߷ߵ˵ҵȻῴ÷÷ģ

ݶ÷ְߴߴľ̸֪Сµ
£֪Ϊʲôִͥû˭˵˭ϰߣݶ÷
ھʣôҵġʲôѽ

̾˰׼ͻȻҪ˵ҿʡ
ֻǾЩðȻתԸöԷ

롢ڿӡʢĵһЩݶ÷ѾԤе
б仯󲻵ʲôʣȻ֪ΪʲôΪأ
ԼȲһ£²ʡ費ڶС²⣬
ϷôôȫأС²
⣬ֵܱԴԼ׶һݶ÷û֮ǰҲ
ʾΪʣΪӸ˼ҵѡ
ЩΣҲЩΣݶ÷С˿̵
͸ղڵߴߴݶ÷һ׳ķΧƺĳ
ΰҪȥ޴ֻҪְ趼Եءءڴ
ĳǼҲϧΪŮ
ȥΪ֮ģһΰԶ塣˿ݶ÷г˿ĺ飬
塱ǡӦòֻһնݴʣΪΰ
лݶ÷ѪʿŮݶ÷뵽˶
Ƽ̹⣬׳񽻸ҰɡӢ۵ĺŸĸݶ÷
³ѸµʿʿֱĲҵɱʽķϾ
һֻܺһ

ݶ÷ڴ˳ƽءնءмݹɵʣ
裬С

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ʡ㻹ҪԼ⡣˵Ĳǡ

ݶ÷ϼᶨأҪ˵˺𣡼Ȼò¾ôˣ
Ҫ˵ʲôˡݶ÷죬ͣס˿ӣһ
ѹơ

̽˵˵ҲԼĸоҲΪԶǡ
ô˵ҵҪԼһֱ⣬ôҶԡҪ
ھúʣԺ־òʣǾͲҵŮ

˵ˡݶ÷ɲˡݶ÷ԭΪ¸ҡ
ᶨһӮĸ׵͸мû뵽壬֮
⣺Ϊڲָ·Լаղ߻ͷ·Բ
ģݶ÷ԭΪĸֹڴȥ壬ЩԺˣ
֪ղ㡢ҡ¡򶨵ѹƵ嵽ǡ̩ɽ
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˵УҿҲݶ÷ԼΪĸ׵Ů
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ԼȻΪĸ׵Ůĸ׵Ļᶨҳ޷˵ĺ飡
ݶ÷ᣬĵԭԼᶨΰ˽ľ
ĸҲĸݶ÷һܱԼԶ
ݶ÷ԾԸ߶ȵ˼άĸ۶ϵȨԣұ
ᶨ֯ԡάȨԡԭڣڶμ̸̸ͥ
ݶ÷ʱ̷ʾ㾭٣ҵȻ
οݶ÷Ҳʾûо飬ҵ»Ҫ
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ǶῼǡĸŮ̸˭ҲûǷһֳŵݶ÷
˵ģҲġʱ룬òʵԼ϶ῴϣο
ҲкܴɷǰĸŮĸŮǿҲӦеǰᡣ
ЩĸŮ̸Ļظ˾һεԼԼ;ö֮γ
ˡᶨ֯ԡݶ÷벻ľǣ»£Լ
ˣȴòʡЩͱŪĸо֪
˻ʲôӹڴŪһʮļֽǰ
һƣˣ˹ȥݶ÷ʱǳ˵㺣
Ϊڴη֮СֻʱҲһ׼ȷ
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Ȼйݶ÷ķӦҶԶԤϵС鵱Ȼɣ˵
Ůδ顱Ҳ˵һ봿ˮûȥԲˡ
ֱܵĹ˵ԼԭҲЩˣԭŮ
ɣȻϸˬȻعءһ߹ţһŮк
顣ݶ÷鲢ܿôɣһðո
ٵĲˣôôûһ䡢׳
ҪûоӾˣһɺ飬
һӴڵˮȻʱҧŴ˵СѾ
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ĬộһڵԵζЩѵ̸ݱ
׼ԼҵĶݶ÷ĸˣ֪ܿξֳί
չ״ֻ̬ͽȻĬ֮ϰ鿮̾Ůӵľ
ˮݷʱҰõ٣ʮĥεع˵ɲ
ô

ݶ÷ðѾʼһѾʵʵرһǿ
ɬꡢؿĸоסˡͷԿհֻ
һʺţСôͲءԼʮģ
ţ֪Լ㲻Ѿϲˡ㲻㰮ˣɴ˶չȥ
Сֵֵȥϲֵֵȥݶ÷дŮһͱ
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ԸҲһҵ£֮˰Ķ׸㣻ˣ
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׵һԼķԾԼΪ
ɰʹ״̬Ȼﵽһո¾硣Ϊ
ݶ÷ǰм׷ңԶƮ⣬Ϊɯʿǵԣ
ûԵɵģڲ们밮ľ硱ݶ÷Ҳ
ŮһǴδõоСЦΪ
ݶ÷氮Ǵڵġǲduģ˵˺
סǶɴǲ˿ݶ÷žԼǲ
˺ݶ÷ĳǣҲΪǲԼģȻԼ
͸ĳֵýţһ
ΪĺͻȻӵʧںЦ
ȥһ˺ѷιŵʹС˴Ħһ¸о
õĽۻǣллأûٲİԨ

ݶ÷ȷһࡢѩӱŮ͡ϲš
ˮǡϲǡϲϲ
ϰ˺ӹ֮ĲžڣǷţǰܴ
䲻Σ塢᣻ԸΣݶ
÷жϣʱûʹԼԡ顱ֲΣ
̾С£ҪʮȫʮҲܹɡȥ
ɿܵ

˵ĲҲֻϱȳ׳һЩĲ
Ҳеġݶ÷֪Լжôϲе
Сϰ߶԰ְ֡衢үү̡⹫ŽһҪų
һϲĸϲҪѺڼˡݡѡ֮ͬ
Զλһɴ˲֪һεĸʧжʧݶ÷ܾ
ط֣ǳѪԵļ֮ɾС
ˣʹǼˣҲԼڲԶȲС¡
кͿ֮⣬оǣвпڲš˼
ȡݶ÷ܿҲ׼ȷݴͽ綨Сµ󣬵
뵽ЩʶҲ˵һЩ⡣뵽ǳᣬΪ
ˡͷ֪˲
֮ǷС¸ˡݶ÷֪ԼԺӡ
ͨνġӡЧӦǺ͹ʵڵӡ

뵽ݶ÷Щ죬֪Ƿ
߻ǳѾǶôɬģĸҲѹݶ÷㲻
ûзΪûλרѧ߸¹һĶ
塣ഺŮĲݵأֻҪһؾҪ
࣬οݶ÷г׵崿һľݶ÷˵
ǷǷ̸ΪǶԡ̸вͬĶ壬
ôΣƽĺϷ˿̸׷ǰٸн

ǰһʮ˵ѾңԶĹȥ
ݶ÷ǸʱôôɣȻܼδ̸ĵ
Уѡˮʹ룬ԡСˡȥμӡϡ
ĻУѡСˡϡݶ÷ɬģĸ
죬ԼǷһĺŮ
ݶ÷ڽӴ˺¶ǳޣ˵ǰڱĳʳƷ
еרѧУѧʱʱڰϿξǻؼտĸ׺ͼ
֪ռʮֵż٩Σϡݶ÷
ͷоһңԶصͲ硣רļй͵
͵硰ϵϲ㡱޵
Ҫ¸ҵĻʹߡȵ֮ЩСƵʾʽ
һȷУûκĹ¡һҲû
СϡУȴӮΣɹϡ
Ȧʶ˼Ρݶ÷ôһУѡϡᡱ
ûо֮ʲôϵĬȻݶ÷ԡУѡ
ѽ֮ĳϵǻкʾ˷ǳ
ҵľۡǸνġϡ޷¸¹ĸӵܺ͹ٻС㽲ų
ľۻᡣЩʮ˾Ŀܿòһ۾Ϳжôӹף෴أ
мɺ͸šЩϡ˶´󷽣˭Щ쿪żķ
ﳵ񳵣ȦڵֻҪҿ˵漸ɡгѼ
ûоܾɣܾӼѳճְ
λѳթΪľ衣˭Ҫҫ˭ػÿ
ҫĿͨЩֵƵĶؽԷ͸Է
ݶ÷áϡ˵ȷǺܴȡɣΧЩмм
֪ɼĻΧͬѧһݶ÷ȺԼǳϲ
˺üһ׽һзצ͸һŮΪģΪƺ
ԼϲЩݶ÷ܲڸӵܣĽȦҲû
ơ¹ۻĵط롱ݶ÷ò
Ӯ˻ӭأЩۻڸߵֲǵ͵ֲȻ
ݶ÷ǳһλУѡְֵ񳵽Щۻᣬ
ͷг֡Ʈ˹罻˷ܡ

ĳΡУѡ͸ˮʹ룬ݶ÷Щ˼ס
УѡȰҲʲô˲Ķұ㿪һЩĵ꣬
һʻȻһ£ҾұҪסұ
ģҪǴһʱ䲻ϲ˾ͻұȥ̷Ů
ƾ׽˼˰ʧɫɫݶ÷Ѷ
ңԺ󲻵úЩĵݶ÷ί˵һ
УѽһʱģȻˣʲôУѡ˼ҵ
Сˡ֪ݶ÷ԭԼ֪ѾУ
ѡˡСˡСˡǶôѿǳ
֮ڣݶ÷ֻ͹ȥˡ뿪ˡУѡ뿪Ǹ
ϡݶ÷û̫ܻʲôֻЩ
УѡǻˣǶǮƵ˴ƫ

Ҳݶ÷ĵһѡݶ÷ͬһо
ͬ£һרƱҵһʡ
ƷԶǳͨкֹͨڱо곤ͬºоԱ
һЩثĽɫõһ˲ģָһ֪
ͬʱŮɹȡһŮ㣬׷кί
𴦴һŮһ㣬ƾС˧ֻҪ󷽴ݵ§
У˵Ըǣ϶ѡߡݶ÷Դ롰
ᡱĸ֮󣬴ЩнԸݶ÷ƺ˭Ҳ
˭վ飬Ҳݶ÷ǰܹ
̣˳ŶԷһӣݶ÷ҲͻȻָǺ
ġݶ÷ʱȥʳ򷹣ҲӴݶ÷Ұ
ӣʱҲһݶ÷뱨ҹУƿγ̣ҹУû
аһŮؼЩˣʸǷҲǸҹУȻ
Ӧ˵д⡣һȥˣͬȻΪ̸
ЩϧһǳɰŮһܲôĵк̸һ顣ݶ÷û
о̸Ҳ̸Ҳûʲôԡ
ְ֣ص÷÷ǲں͸̸
һЩǴҶǺЩʵءݶ÷ߵ˵ûûС
Ҳ֪ݶ÷̸ģΪͬǶӡ󶼲áɴ
Ҳ־һ֮оˡߺݶ÷ᣬ
øʵ֤ԼбϽĵġ

ߺоǱҵоһɵ
ثƷثͰЩ˶ģƤذ
ϷˣҵൺΪŮݶ÷˵
Ҳһ֤ΪѾŮѣҲΪЩ̫Ǹ
ˡݶ÷ܸһͬ¿޾ٵؽΪ
̫һȫڲκθľ˵
ݶ÷ǰܿ͵޻˵ĵز˵˵ȥⶼƲ
һǣŮоΨһصǻῼԣѧѧӲԼ
ģѧоô˵Ҳûߺţ˵Ҳһˣ
ôҲһŮζǣݶ÷û϶ѧǴ
ԲǿܿóģȻݶ÷ԼרΪĸ׳
ԭ򣬵ֻǲڿԣĸ
ҫŮӾԷθһĺ鶼ûУ
ŵĸ֣һǼԽ֮Уעⲻ
ӹĵţӡͷ͵򾡢۽Ǳüʺһ
ĭŵ˾ܴʮֶŵ˵̬ȷʮѿ
ĸ֣ݶ÷ذĿҫݶ÷
ΨһĲ֣ܹе㡣ɴ˻ޱȵţҲĴ
һݸмݶ÷ĸжָŵšѭ֮
䴦ƺǢһ죬Ҫһ
ݶ÷֪ҪʲôϷȥ
˵ˡͨ򵹵̰֣֬˵
ŮԼݶ÷ˣ벻׷Ů
Ϸ׷ľ֣Ȼٵ˰ֹһ
裡ߺŭ޿ԱͻȻðһĻͷβα
ӣ䣬ֱֻ۳ϴӡ

¼֮ݶ÷ɫ˱ϾǴˣ
ܿˣԼ׮˵ȥݶ÷Ҳܸ߱
ˡû죬Ȼ٩٩̸˭Ҳ֪ϥ϶
ϡԼŴٿܳΪǸ˵֣û
׬˳ˮ飬ѲֻɰĴõϢ͸¶һλ
˫ȫĸǣ˾Ϸвòû׷ϵŮ
ݶ÷ɣĳѧĳоһĽĿ
ѧչ֪ʶҰҲʿ˶ʿԶ
̬֮һѵݶ÷ȻЩģ
鲢ġݶ÷ĽһԾͽǸǣ
ֻһһһǸǵȷĲɡѷŽݶ
÷з·ύǻһ˷ܡǸԽԽ˵£
䷳ָԭȴͨרΪΧġݶ
÷ĵúһֻβҺĹĵĴ֩졣

ӡУѡ񡢵ѡݶ÷ʶ֮
ǰȫʷЩݶ÷һͷиһƬ桢ʮֲ
ЩŮ龭ḻм˵ĸ龭
Ͼͱȱ˶˼ӣһֻһкùһô
խĵ飡ݶ÷Ů飬ϣһֻ
һкйӴͯصϡ׵ʫ䡰һ̶ˮ
ǧߣ顱ݶ÷еİԣ
̶ˮжҵİľжôһ̶ˮжྻҵİľжô
ȻʵеİȴƮ˲ĥ˲װΣѹͲ
һʼĻᣡݶ÷ɽɽߵŮҲԼ
ܺáΪһʱۺܸߵƷίУֻ
ĽĿ֮ϡݶ÷һĵʮʵŮƾˮǧݶ÷ֻȡ
һưҲư̶ضؽ̵ģҪ뵱Ȼ˼ҾһҪܺã
ʲôܻҪĻĵģݶ÷Ǵģһȷ
һкһȫȫȥ

ݶ÷ھմʮ˾ŶȣҲ̫ߣպʹͷԲƮ
ĸоԺƮһ鴺Ĳݵϣһлһĳ
һչɳޡ쾻ˮ̡Եľһ뵽
ּ̤ѩԶڡĿҰľ̿ͨ졣һ㶼
Ƕصʵκ˶
ܵġֻҪһ㰮飬һˬˬر㡢
ôкʲôѽ֮Բҵ԰ݵȥ̿һ
ϯ֣Ϊûѡ֮ûУ
Զ潼⣬һˮݵĺӾΪûһԸ⿴Է
һһʧڷ̤ǽƵҶ֦ǻҶ
㴩ֶУбʤִ޺Σܲ
ҪɣڷбʣʲôTOEFLGREڷиӽ
£һ̡뵽ӣݶ÷Щ졣Ҳȥû
̤ѩûнСľݡûִͨ̿еĵԪû
пյûпյһСůҲûУûһжҪ
ݶ÷ֻҪڰ˵Ļﹲͬһ顣ⲻⲻҪֻҪ
һˣҪ㣬Ҳ壬
ݶ÷ҲԸߡݶ÷԰ûӣҲ˧磬ֻ
ˬˬһˡ֪ΪʲôŪܸһ
İ顢һеĺΡ

²ʶ»ȻȽϣݶ÷ֱеʲôУѡ
񡢡ѡȫǳ衣Уѡмʶͺ
ϽġĺÿڲšѡĺĲɣͳͳǵǲô֮õ
ݶ÷Ȼ׷һҪвŻ֪һ̸ˣֻҪ
ԶԷСɽͬĸоСȻڶԺӡ󣬲
ߣǰߣȷ˵֡ݶ÷̾Ϣ
¶û⣬ϵǷһϵӦ֪ݶ÷ҵȷ
̫޵ˣʵʵһ֪˰

52

о١¸ڹͷʡݶ÷оȫһ
ҲȫһͲʿʿ޹أͺЩ˵ķ
϶޹ءΪ۱߼Լݶ÷һʵʵĻˡ
һʵʵڿɰĹҪƮƮȻҪԼΣҪ
Լ·ˤӡһָһڳ
ڳڳʹ֮һҪƾסǸƮƮȻġ΢
ġСġûʱ㷢顪ƾɵƮ
ΪϾҪȥĳȥװĹ̡Ŵ
վϵḶ́ںһһ
ոŮѵġ۵ġҸġ

ҹĻ£㰲ȫذԼƽڽгϡллأ
ûгʲôڿƾԭϳ۳ҡԭǼ
ݶ÷һͬģԭҲǲڵģǺԼģҲ
˸ġԭģݶ÷˵Ķʶ٣
ܾʡҲҪ˵ϺЩûȥΧʡ
ûȥûѧֲңûԶ㿴
ҾһС㡢С㡢ŮĶûȥٺ٣ľ
ԼǸСлú档ݶ÷ԹԳʮ


Ķ˵Ц˵Сɿ飬ô
СʮɽĴƵġȥϺ棡

ģ죿ݶ÷ЩƲסȼ

ֲʲôֲ˵ġƽءϵش

ãݶ÷һöƺ䣬۵ĴԼ죬
תظĿ˵˳ңǿԼסŮ
ǵĻɡϣĻǿȥѧʱ棬
𣿡

ںʵʵڵϣгȥĻᣬ
ݶ÷ȥ档̸֪ѵ״̬Ҫôһѻ
ӦлһȥоΣ
ʩϡɽԦؾһ
档ǰ׼ĳıݽһĿ飬ԭҪĹȥģ
Թһ;ɺ͹ȥһԵöԾλľأ
Ϊ˾͸һᡣǰ˷ܵذϢݶ÷
ݶ÷ʾĸ׵õʾǡס˵ó˵
ʲôϵԼûףŮѡӣҲ
漸죡ѽ⺢ôûԽͬһλģ
ô۾

˵ûݶ÷ˡղԭЩɨˣڽ糯δ
ĸŴڸһ˷ܺǸɨˣأ
ȻԱгϵû죬ء
˿ҲԽൺվִÿгҸĺ²ʿ
һ֦ҵļ򴿾ҹĻ䡣Ҹ˶˶ǵĺ²ʿ
念̩ƽʵϡгĸ׵ı䣬þõػ۵
С¡֪˶೤ʱ䣬˷šԥһƽֻ
żһССҸһðؿƽ
ĺȻԾһβС㡣ҹˣһʵĺֿʼ
˼ʫ궯һǳɼǧ̳İƪ׾Ӧ
ǡൺҵİ仹ǡൺҵİ궯ɫ
΢гĿĵվʱû뵽мκξӡ

Ͼŵһ̣ĳıֶնաԲĹġźܾİˢ̷
ڰ칫ǰӭһҹûô۵ĺ²ʿѵ
ˮطźĿ飬еѯĿҪԺͿ
ԵһߴźǷһݵ棺սԤ
սߺҪִ˺غϿ̰Ľͣ͹Ц
ˣ²ʿҵȷ̫ˡǳԺʿ쵼Ķ
һȺΪĲʿʵ֡оһӣһ
ץʱ汨ִڡϽˡʮӣִѾ
һˣˡ

ǣִ˵²ʿҪûбҪæĻ
һ㷹²ʿǵһεͰɣ͡
úжû뵽һٷ⼸ûһ
ŵȳ֮ˡںͬѧлԼϣʮӵĹ
Щϣʹ˸ǽһյʱ䣬ҲͿˡ
СԹĲЩÿùֲ
һŵʳ֮䣬еС㣬
ЩڰִСƱյȦպС
ȲֲȾƣ˷ܵûôۣںǷʱʮ
ֻ𱬵ĳݲ˶θڡ·Ѿǣ
ƮУӷ۰Լڵˣһٵӣһ̵ӣ
һʿСˣ˹һûһ乲ͬȤĻǰ
ȻһߵȻ٣֪׹͡ĸʲô
ĸ˲ﵽľ硣ִžûһ²ʿȤ£ľ
ʶҵģûеһĶӶЦˡ

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仰Ҫһ׼ȷĳ֪ˮƽޣʿ
æ

Ȥ

˵Ůӡ仰

δ䣬С˾ͱơǺֱȣ㡪̫ˣ


˰죬ӡһԪʼ³´лϢ
ʯ쾪ִһһҡͷϣֻġ

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ϾҲǡҲҵרѽѪˡĸ֣벻ɣ

Щ죬˵ЩţòŮӡԡѪ
ˡﻹбеأ

ִ˵һ⣬δСһ

С˺Ƶ˵ЩϷŸһأȽ¡

Ŭػһ˯ԴΪڡз͡
նࡱж߾һ

ȴǣδСԡ١֮

˶֣Թϣ˼⣺Ȥ̸ò
ݶ÷أ

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أǳлͺòʮ꣬ͬͬĸ£
ȥпԺоԺһϲʿΡʿһ֧͵
ԱȫоʮĸоԱ߼ʦжʮ
ͷ˶ëСáͬѧЦʦû̫ף
ͬѧͬѧǹؼǸͬѧôĻ㲻
أС˾͡Ϳȥ

ȥл봫磬ĳϵúڵĹ࣬
ΪŴȷԵһҵСԼΪǳߵ
ҵ˶ܷ첻䷳˵ͭ档ֻкѴ
ȵһۣ˵Ĵһࣺ޵ģ
ЧʼμǵƶһҹΨһݾ˵
粻޷չϵ˶μӴ磬ôܹһ
ڵĲҲ޵ģοһƷг޵ģ˲ܴ
޵ڹԺֹлò
⣡

˶ʿʿԽԽᣬлʮŶ˶ʿڿʮ
ʿЩ˵ȷΪпǵƷʵûά
ѧһ˺ܵһƵλӣ½Ϊ
ͼλᷢߴߴһ仰ô£һ
̻𳵲˶٣ҲУụ̂ӲҲûӲվһվ
Ҳ޷Ȱˣгͽվˣл
һ⻰ľɲǼʮǰӰȽĻǻ
ôľ硣

лͺͬѧĸ£ôʲô⡪
΢һ֮⣬޷׷ôŮӾû׷Ϲһ˵׷һ
ˣ˼һ̤һ׷Ů˶Щʷ⣬
СҪеҪڲпڲšлȥûô׷
Ůѣ˵׷ϵôܵûôŴ
һʵ¸;أ

лڸӽĹµʱ򣬺ˡл
һǣǣôŮѲص׽Բأ

ɲһ죬ǰ򡢱һ·ϵͬѧ
Ѵ绰˵ҪŮѹ档Ҷ˷ܣŮˣ
뿴ôȥԼҵ·ݶ÷͸費޳
˷ܵͷԣ˸֪ҪӴǡ

Ⱥش𣬲лѾеõô
ⷽͽû⣡ôôֲأ

ЩͿˣΪԼһϰߣǶһġ
Ƶѵˣ΢ദʱ䳤һ㣬ʮ֮˾žͻ˼ҽ鳡
Űܼ˺ۡ񸺹˵ϱûĸھӻ᲻֪
й鵯ƬЩлô˵˲Ļôô
ֲأˡӺ˵ôС֡أ

˫һͲ׹˵ݶ÷һ
ڵλӰ첻áл˵ͷôС˵
˵»𣿣ڵλʲôӰ첻أʲôͷˣ
Сıֳʲô˵βٳлЦ˵
ڴʮİˣǲǡѾŮѶϱ


ߵͨ죺˼ҪǣǰЩǷǵ
͵ġС¼ܲϵС¼
һϰɣ

л⻰ûʲôȻ߼ôᶨӣ
Ҳź϶ֵŵĸоµʣ㲻
ǸǺú˵˵ôһŮ䲻ǴʿĻ


ѵԼֵشԴʵϸµ
еĸܣŮȷǺ㣡˵һš

лο˵ɣŵ˲ᳬʮⲻ
ʮУ϶һ

޲˵С£ϲˣģ

˵˵㣬ҲǸо㲻۵ĸ
Ȳһǿ϶ģŮǳ÷ǳǳõġƯƯ
üģǿԱȽϵġ˲ţ˵ǿ͹
ʵҲ˵ƯȫҲǣŮ
һһ÷ǳƯΪ١࣬ʵҲ
һƯġⲻΪ˿͹׼ȷ˺Ư
оǣҲǳҵĸоԲţҲ޷
øš

л⻰ȿԼܷܵջۣеȰ˵С£
ǲǡǳǳƯģԼСԼ˵ģƯ
ƯȷҪġûмʲôƵϡǳǳƯ
ŮҺšŮѵжƯǣҲ
˵ʵڵģҾСµȷġСӣΪ
Ҵû˭˵ԼŮ˼Ĵʻ㣺ǳǳƯǳ
ǳһжǳˣ
ˡֻ־ĦֻŮô㡯Ҳܲ
Ѻʩ㶼աҾٳʲô
󰡣侲һ㣬ҶĿС
ĥ

Լֵһģظ˵δſ϶û
ʲô⣡ԼԸ⣬Ҳͬˡ֪²ʿˡſ϶
Ȼ϶ݶ÷Ѿͬˣ

Ȼţܼܲǳⲻɰɣʢ͹󣬲
Ϸ򸾻ԥϡݡơơ¼׼ĸˣͨ
Ҳ޷ŵ㣬ĹǷƵģŵʵеֲס
ˡϷͬ飬ƣ롣ľͲŵ
ϴˡٻУһҸĸоСڴ
ѾѺŵ꣬ﻹ˯⡣

Ϸ򸾣ƻȥ̽ʦʦ
ϾоʱʦһһƥƵĸ߸ߴı
ʦУ԰ﲢһߣһŮԱоУ
ڼһֱûʽѣʽŮҲûйȴ
С޲¡Ϊˣ֮õĸоŸСʮң
һʵ͵ѣĵվѵСԣ²
׼ӭСڡĵֻʦֹ¹µһˣȻݡ
ȻشŹǷʱʦõϵġʦֿ϶ֱ˼
ˣˡɣΪϰһ飬ԸϵʦûЩ
Žɡ

õȥǹĻֻ֡塢ӡ¡ܡ棬ӦоС
ĹĻ֣ǰȥɽ¼ϪγϽ֡Ͼķ
ǰ۽;Ƶѵˮۻö࣬ʵ٣
һں޾ϸѯʣһõȥ
ʵҲȥĵطΪÿѶҪȥñط꣬ʦ
ĵȷû˵ģе㾭סϸµ̼ҡ
ٸס˫翸ſԴȫȻǲԼʲôȤֻ
ǿſɰԴһ̨¼¼ݶ÷ܸȤκζѾ
гһѣԭѽŰ˾ŮѵԶʦڰ
֮ںгΰúֱܲŲӣŪС
һ㶼Ӳ

Ļְ˫米ЩĹңʯ
ФӡܺèˡСòʹõʫȣһ
ľ̵ġȢסСľżһ»أ̧εһȺ
յСķ˵ϲ̬ʮֱ涺ˡ
ڸжԼǣղʯĵطһԼʯ
һж쵰һһʺɫСţǣк
Сʯõӡγӡһſ̳ݶ
÷һſ̳ĺӡʦ˵ʯͷͲʺӡ
βκԸֹǮӡ֮Ҳò̾˾
һԵʦҲжˣֱʦ֪θӡʦСĵ
ʦ֣ӡ֮⣬ĿȥСѵĶŮ
ǹҪ̵塣˵ݶ÷ϲɿɰĶ
һܾŮϰõİСѧʱһ
ظһ䱦һֻľư档˵ݶ÷һǳ
Ůϡκιصʦʣ͹ûУ˵ûУ
˵Ըһ۾Ϳóֲ˵ҲûҪ͸ʲô
ֻôţҾ;Щһϲ˳˸Ҳ
ûоһҪʲô͵ԽϸʦԽͿ
õϾʱûк̸һҲ̸֪ʱ
ж֡

ѹƼǲòϱΪӢʦղķ
˹һͬȥǸҷ򸾼һղķ˹ͷйĻ
ᣬʲôɵֻչһѿҵúݲࣻʲôϵ
˶һͣѶӶúͰһ֡ͷһȤ
۲й̸ȥİ߰ʷͷ
ŴŮӲͬȵ£йѧѺã˵
̸񿴵ŮǲŵĽڿɿһ

гɳ۵޲ƨϳޡҪӯӯļ
ϸϸݶ÷г̫ܵЩžͿܻӼ
ɸ©ȥ

53

ĳһѾˣʮһ
ںֿԼݶ÷ˣݶ÷ĸ⻹
黨һǶ֭ûʯۣôĶһˮ
ľ档һǣǷҪԼĳŵ費ͬͼ
ǣʹ˰ݰݣ㲻°飬㲻һŮ
ǣʹ˺С²ȥԺܷҵˡȻǺ
һĸǣڣάһˮ
׳ʿһȥⲻľһȽϴ£һŪã˾ۣ
Ҫ˼޹ݶ÷ô붼ú޹ģʵû˺
ôڻڵȥ룬һϲ𣿵һ
ʱߣҲˡ˵־Ѿʱ
Ŀ飬ݶ÷һĸӦشһ
־Ӧش绹˵ˣˣôˣ־ã
⻹ӦӦǸպòһٰʮ
ȡϾˣͲǻԾȥó
ЩҺľĥݶ÷Щ㲣Щľĺʱ
Ҫˣ֪οڡݶ÷оҵķ࣬Ϣʱһһ
䣬ݶ÷ϢҺĹ뷿࣬䲻šݶ÷
֮ʱŽˡݶ÷͵úͲèһ


ôûϢãǲʡ

ûûУݶ÷ŵЩ졣

ͳȢסСľżһţڽӶϰһ»أһ
ȺӿŽҡͷβյǰӵβõǰ
Сϣ˵ݶ÷ЦͳһС˽˵
һȣ˭͸׼ͳһ˵Сģ߿
һ׹Ǿ˵һãñȱȿ˭ƯŴС
˵ôС͸áݶ÷ֻЦĺܺ氡
˼ݶ÷ŮúŪֻҪǰʺ͸׶԰СѵĶ͸
׼кã˾ʺϴõĶкè
Фӣѹһʯӡһж쵰һһˮ
һ͸ݶ÷͵ɫʺʵءʯӡĺ壬ɵӶס

ݶ÷һѺÿĶζƿݶ÷εº
ܣװ飡һʮ߰ˡһھĲʿ
ƽ⣬˴ĶһĳûС
Ǹҵ𣿡ݶ÷Щŵʣˮӯۿ

ôƽòŮ̫׸жˡ

ûȥź𣿡ݶ÷ؿˮѾҵա

ȻľȻеݶ÷Ӱίɬͷ

ȥϢĺá𣿡ݶ÷ľȾ
Щ¡

ɫɷף͸ﶶ֣ô졪͡
񾭳ĺӣһ̤ϵѹĵ绰ߣҲιȥ

ݶ÷ǣͻȻγһ䣺һжأ̸
óԼһӤףп޵ġЦġǳġлɵģ̬ţ
Ҳ̺ݶ÷Ҫʲô⣬ʵݶ
÷Щʱʲô˼ҲûС⼸ϣһ㶼ûýӢﵥȥ
־ͻһŻǰͿѻδӡԴ˺
ÿһʾ;עĻ棬ø档Ż壬
ľȻ֣Ǻ࣡

û˼յֲΣֲϷô
ƻķ͸ˣǱԼع
¶κʧ顣˾ˣÿȥÿ죬͵ʲôû
ҲûʲôԹšվͶ࣬ٶһΡΣ̸
̸ʲô̸ģҺӺһòʵİο
ҲҪûʵ˵ǣȫܹԷ˯
ΪǾʤοǡŮӴƴô࣬˵
ʵڵģļ϶᳤

54

ϰ࣬ľʤϻǹõģĸоżҲ
ȪƵģһðһÿһᳱϮͽסһ
ڳűغ߳һ䣺ԹšվͶ࣬ٶһΡΣ

Ϣʱԭ㸰ݶ÷ġԼ룬
ȥ°ɣܰôţҲġݶ÷һ仰
Գ˵ʲôЩ㣬оҴӵ
㣬Щ飬ܶ˵ʲôϵõݶ÷¡

ݶ÷ίࣺ˵֣Щ˵ҲҪ
۸㣡˵Ǻ۸Ƶġ

һͼ飬ǣûô
Ļû˵ʲô㣬Ůˣ˼Ҷš
װö൥

ݶ÷ԭͶᣬԬӪķΧҲֻͷ˿ķ
ȴʹݶ÷һࡣһֱĬĬزںߣ
Сʱ˭Ҳû˵ʲô紵ɢ巢ݶ÷һƮ
ӲǲһҲһԴϵȥֱ
̲סѵˮذȥݶ÷ĿãȻʪĴ
ʺšܺļ඼˼ӣǸǳ鴤һ¡
һ̵ݶ÷Уʱൺѩһ
Щ⡣Ϯݶ÷ӭţͷһ¡һ󺣷һü
˲䣬˶Թײ֪оͻ˫ۣ
ݶ÷ϡݶ÷촽ͱ΢΢һϵľ
һ£Ȼů˺üȡ²ʿȻڻָ˷˶еǻۣ˵
ʲô˵Ů˼˵ģݶ÷׵ϣ
⡣ݶ÷еȽٶһ
̱ȥú΢һ¡ǿƼݶ÷
ԽԽò˫۱ܱҪ
˵ĴֱŮӷʵѬú飬ֻӲ
ü˵º𡱡ݶ÷ϥǱȶӦ
ȥݶ÷ںȦCĻУӵšǰ
̽ݶ÷ݶ÷ܾһ˦
죺Ҫô˿̺ϲǸʷ
ʱ̡Ǽ㼸һʽ§þ
ݶ÷ӣĸ׶ԼӤòҪʲôط׳
ᡣݶ÷ֻеֻصҡһСһ
ȵĴӡڶϡգ
գıǼֵıǼ⡣Сʱֵһ
͸˵ӣ˰Ҳ¿ڡݶ÷еԾǣ
һסˡһϣݶ÷ۣԭ
ᡣݶ÷һΪˣϽֱԴ⵽
ӵһûһͰ͵ʣ
𣿡ݶ÷ܵСкһĿǻĶˣʵԳ
𣬲ᡣݶ÷ӵʱŮӤݶ÷Ĵ
кʱС衣

ʲôȥǺ

ЩײҺûҲΪײļʱȱ
١ҲΪݶ÷֮ɹۣҲв۵
Ը١һ죬ϡһֱкݶ÷Ӵ
ĸоƶũëϯչ֣¶᲻ϴЩžҪ
ͺݰݣݶ÷һֱðھôˣ
οȻﻹһݶ÷ܽ⿪

βܽ⿪ĸʵܼ򵥣ֻҪݶ÷һؼҾ͸裺
ҺСˣ¾ôˣ̳˻һ֮⣬ʲô
Ӱ춼УŮڳˡⲻʵݶ÷
ݶ÷ĻҲ˵ڡ

ݶ÷ǵϾһ͸͸˲ǰְ֣裬
磬ϣæܾӼ˵ͺεĸо
붨ͺ̸ȥȻԸҲû˵Ѿͺ
׹ˡΪõѡжȻ̾ʵ
˵ϲһ䴿ࡢɰݵС㣬
ɱҲᵽǸʲôõġУѡȻ
ϧ˵ȷʵǸһ̾һͣһɾɰרơ
ĸڱ˴йˡưСûĵۣⷬ
Ķ飡ΰ䳫ΰһֻĿʶĵŻ
ԹֻмУûûĺ˭
ĸ׵ĿģֻмУûĳЩ쵼ִ
˭ȫΰΰ˼Ԩ裿ڸȺӡ
ˮײ˶ᣡ̲ܽĺ

ϣݶ÷ҹУ¿λؼңڿǸɺ
ӸİࣩصҪߣҪú̸̸
ķΧûйκ̸߳ʵû㱨ĸ


죬Ӷĸ˵裬÷÷Ǹк˼أû
У

ĸ˵ΪҶ˯أŮͶܰ
òһ⣡ҪǶ˼һԼȥ̸Ҷʡ
ģ

˵ģģ

ĸ˵㻹ΪҪǰ

˵ǡ÷÷Ǹкһ׺ʲأ

ĸ˵⺢ӣΪǲ˳ˣûθڣ
ԣˡʱҲǡǺԽû
ӵġھòʣھͻúʣô͵û
ġ˶ģǲ˰ڲ˳ؼ˵˲Ҫ
Ц˼Ҷ֪ôۼˡ÷÷Ҫҵģֲ
ǹҵġҪԼ󵽣㿴ǲһ
Լˣ㻹ʵóҾõ׺ϲʡú
мסƵġģôĶûġһĻĶû
ģĸĻΪŮúãҵֲǺҹҪ
ͲУҪأԼãҲ
áҪҪأҲǲظĸǻʲô˼
أǾͲҪҪĻǾû˼Ǿ
Ҫ̺͵µһر𳤣رḻ
鲢ïرˣڼγɳߵ쵼λ죬
ʲͳɱȥɳķĹ͹Ӿһ׼Զ
ɢΪö֪ǲԼˣݵ䣬
ݶ÷ν˼ˮʼֵȵ֮࣬˵˲һСʱ
ľ÷÷в죬òƶ棬һһĴ¡
ӰãҪ˷һЩСŮĲ죬ҪһԽˡ
һ̵ӵĶԺˣ֪ҪվĸȥõĹ
Ҫվĸ׵ĹΪҲģģã
Ǹӣʲôߣ;ʲô棬ǧټˣҪߣ
ʹøʲһͲˡÿֿɰ
˼кܲȥ

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·߲Զڲ˳һҪȥ
·ӡ³軹ǰһᣬĳó˾˸
иҺ̸³ʵ÷÷ǲǵѵʱ
˳СӵǺǸоҵĹ˾û
ѣʲô³࣬÷÷ɲԺ档
˵ܻǿԵġ˵ⲻ겻Ͻַһϣ
£

һͼˣ裬ܵ÷÷ɣ

ĸ˵㣬һܰҲ˵㣬Ҿ˵ˡ
ܻǿԵġҪԸͲҲûԸһüǺӳ
治

֧֧˵÷÷߻ûأ

ʲôϹ˵̫̫һʧɫ

бҪһݶ÷ͺʶľ

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ӡ󣬶עô㣬һǣǹ£ʱ
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ϵĻĸ׾ŮʲôŮҲΪøĶѾ
ƫƫͻһЩܹؼĶܵûҪȥ

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ԭ򣬾ֻôһӡһƯɬŮ
ڱоææµµоҵϤĲ࣬Ҳ
֪ǳԺʿѧѡԶԶûгԺʿġһѧ
Ҫһ˯˯ʵȥ·ſڣ
ͬоҵϴ˷ܵ˵ŶãСˣƹ򣡡
ư͡ɴɲӡղϴݶ÷Ϣϴ
Ц飺ССòãѧҴˣе¡
κݶ÷˭ûüκһ͵ϰʱ䡣
ڶϴЦʺôûиоȻܻ
ʻ˼ȷûʲôоѽͬЦݶ÷Ľ
ôݶ÷һ죬ûʲôѽݶ÷¸裬ֻ
޵С¡òȫظϴ˸绰лŮ
±ʾģһίкʵ÷÷һ£Ĺġ

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ľǣһ£ɰһȥһ죬
ӡ༭ȥΪĵ¡༭Ҧ̫̫ͨ
ƴһ˵һ׻˵һһ£
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˵Ҧʦ¾ܷԸ˵ʲôæҦ̫̫˵иŮ
˲˵Ưٺٺ١֪ˣҦʦС
ӣԺʿ¡һСʦܣҪ߰ʲôͺŵĶ
УڲĻģʲôĲĶУҪټӹһ
ҲСҦ̫̫˵˵ģ˵˵ٵġټ٣
˭Ҳ˵İæ˳ˮ˵޻һ
ں˫ȴͬʱӡ󣬶ԷѾԼǲ˵Ӧ
˵֮ԸȤͶǱڵģǷţһ
û꣬˯һϰ죬˯ѵ˻
ԼǷ˯ȥˡ

ؼ֮ĸݶ÷ô

ݶ÷˵У

СǺںḻһʣ֪ŮĪĸ
Ҳղݶ÷е׸о˵ͷߣ
ûи߰ľоֻǡ̵ָǣͬһλģ
ܺȥ̸оһͲҪȥ̸˶ӣ̸ֺŷ
ʣӰ첻á

ݶ÷û뵽ôӣʲôиоܺãʲôиоһأ
˵ҿһ°ɡ

֮ĸݶ÷ǵ

ݶ÷˵ٿһ°ɡ

֮ĸݶ÷Ǻ𣿡

ݶ÷˵˵˵塣ˡŰɡ

ɰ̼ˣ޲Ů̹λ
ҲǻֻڲڼңڵλʶûмЩ죬
ʶͬ¼Ĵ˵绰˸飬ҪѼе鱨о׺
СôȻݵĻϰҳֱȥʳԺʿԺʿ
ô϶ͦġСһҲǲ̫Ӵģ
Һӿ䡣ЩŽɣ³Ժʿƫ̻Լѧ
ٿͥ飬˰ڣָݶ÷Լ
̸ǲ̸ݶ÷һʽҪô鷳Ǿ˰ɡͬһ
λ̸ô鷳

˾˰ɣݶ÷߹հ˹ڴĻ
ƤǺüһûСӻıųȥ
һԼİûзֲ·һԼ°Сʱ
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ҰǰԽԽݶ÷ƯԽƯоԽʹ
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