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12.05.15, ˿20125º
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һׯ԰ǰʱԻ֪¥һ޴Ľ
һΧ硣ׯ԰һľˣĿ˹Բ֧ŵ
¥¥ǰȪɳɳţشĲϲˮһֹŹ
صϢڶѵĹâҲ֮ǰׯ԰¶£
ʴǺʱأ

߽һһʮҵڽź
尺ĺɫ£۾ŴӱĹ⡣һ¶ϵ
һɫ飬ϵŽɫʮ⡣

Ϸ˵Ŀܺݣ䲢ûаĥʴ
һģģİʽһȨľӸ£
˶ηšİﳣĻ

˻Ӷ飬˵Ҫı䡣

ɷȥһרע΢Ц

ܿ챻һ䡣䲻СΪֵãȴӵϢ
һʱԼɷйļůСݡߴӰƵ޴
˽ǽϼ³װƷԾջϢ⴫
˵⣬䣬ҪѧһӡڴǸ
ȴʼճĬ

վڴ߷ͻȻˣ·һжֹͣˡ

ɷ˽ĹҡʣǲһҪ䣿
ͷʣҲԸأûлشֻ侲ؽѹں
³˳ƺ֪ķӦˡ˵ǾҰѺҲ
ɡ·һ˿ؿۺãǺ˵ĽҲ
ʱҪġѺӽرڻӵϷĵɫ
˵Ǹ¥𣿲ÿ˶ܵġΪʲô˻ȥ
ôԣ벻ͨ

ǰţ쵽һǰſˣһ谵ĳȳǰ

ںڰţֱӰӣѣĿĵƹҲ׵
ʧ

֪˶ãһԶֵغŸ裬Ϥ֪Ѿ
¥¡ߴӺڰ˹ƽͷѾ˶̲硣ʱ峺
¶ĵϲáɫͭʮֽ߽¥κ
ûмģЩ¥ϵˣɷ򣬺Ǹʮĺˡ

һ¾Ϳܡܼõġе˵
ôȥҺҺӶ뿪ɡ

˳СȥһǽϣŵͼͻżѰ
Щһһժ£ϣȻ󽫶һȡ£ֽľһƿ
⣬εεؼ˽յͨ

˵

ߵߣһǰһİƽ磬
Ҫޡ˴Ӵ£ͺӽ˹ȥ

˵: ߰ɣһ߰ɡ

˵ܡΪ¥µĺܶ෿жһĴȴ
߳ô򵥡

һ֡¥ûʣתＱ
ǣѸˮУܿʧˡͷȥ¥һֻ
ӥ硣

ٻͷʱѾ˴ڡ

Ļﶯһ¡ҲѸٵһ¡ź˯Сϣ
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                    ˮӡ

һ

֣ƺڡ׾زסĸ룬˲ͱѳɽ¡
ɽ£ɽ¡֮䣬ٸã͡

ɽ£ֲɴͯꡣƮ˵ïܵе
ѵ⣬һúܼʱÿɴֻˮʪ
˳ɽ񣬷·𿴵ϵ۵Цݣӭųʼ質û˭֪ĺ
ɫԶ޷Ԥδ֪

ûпԽעԭ̤ûʹ͵һϡһƱ
޲߹ſԵִģһ챻ϴſԻȻʡڵͰ
£꣬긳׷δк룬ڷҵˮ


һɽ壬סɽ£ĸء
꣬ÿһѧϰ¸ҵӣӿӿ
λãɽͨɽѪҺӵɽĹ



ʱһĶѲ㣬ǰһͷĵ·

ʼĲ񵶣ĥ¹ˮĥ¹µҲĥ
ΪҼʱ̵龰¶鹹ңԶ;ƩҰݴ
еߡеҰǡʱĳİʯ
ҲΪҿǰԺоǧεĹؼ

ɽ£ҵֲŤתʱˣôɽ£Ҳ񵶿
γɵһôԶգŻƿһƴˡݺύ
飬˼άÿһÿһʱÿһÿ
һ·

δֶ̬ˮߣһʱ˻᷺ʱӿ
Σнֱ߰ƽʱ̣㲻òȥ˼򷢾С
Ҫ㹻ļʵϵҪ㹻Ĵſһ
ɽҵʵ¡Ĺһɽɽʯͷɽ֣
ɽľΪдµķ׳;ʶ䡣

ƽҲ˼˼·ǣʸ߷壬ԽҸ
ȣÿһӡһɽķᱮ



һѲһɽйءһԼÿһʯͷͻҵµǣ
ÿһҵµĳɳ㣬ÿһ˾ͻʹһرŷ

ұһѲ񵶵ɽϣеÿһȥӵͣ
ÿһʯͷһֽпԶһʵδ֪

û˭ʱ֣𴲾ͿԱס⣬ϣֵ΢⡣
ҪһȴͣѾ㻹ԸɵĿ
ϲ衣

ҺɽˣɽҺദɽߣҸ֪ɽɽӦҡ
Ұѽӡȳʫƪһ·ǳɽȵĻҼǿĳҵ
Һ壬˼ᡣ

ǰɽˮĲƣҵϲҰõ껪
ÿһ·ڣĶƯԶ

ġ

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񵶻ħצɽеĿ֦ҶȥǱǵĹͷ
ɽԽԽϡϡҲӰһס˵ľ
ɽϪյļ飬ȴСССС
սɱĸ

˭§סǮˮͰצĦȭƣԹ޼޽ӸЩ
ʵ

󰶣˻һ׶ߵУûͯĲӡ
Ұ˯Ķʯ°ǳɫλá
֮䣬ˮʱʱ˵ŵĺֹ
һˮһֻ޷ظ˹ϵĶҷڶɡĺֹ
һɽһ޷ٴѹԷ˯

ʮ˲֮ţƺǰˡ˭ڰҹ
ǵ屻׸ǵԵһ类
ĸıվɱ֡

塢

ɽ£ɽ¡ҽһְһƲһıһƲ
ĽŲһʵ

һɽ壬ɽںؼ䡣⣬в
ǡÿһ޻ػ£ǱʱİӰУȻ
ֱʱڰӰСһǱû㣬ֻڶһδεرʱ
룬ֻʣ¿յֺͣٵľš

ɽ£ɽԴأɽĳءÿһ
˶ǲ֮ͣΪĳһ̲õ㣬񵶸㣬
еĵ㡣һ˲ɽ˫غ壬ô
Ĳ񵶻ɽһʧ䡣

ɽ£עһιּѵ̡ÿһʱ̶ԳΪ
עţ㲻òȻᷢɽɽΨ
ɽſԸοƣһĻ顣

ڿļ򵥹ߣһ񵶱һ˾͵ȥı
ɱ㲻òηһѵķ̣ʱԻһɽĹ
ȥδ




                      ޱ

1

žžը죬ﶼŵõǹζ㡢
ǽšɰͷӺ⣬ֵذһ˵Ƿ
ٸˮȵģڵķ㣬ǰѰ۵׵ǹˡ

ද󣬰־ͺˣڹǰȥ
֣ǹʳţɵģؼҺ߶߶ظЩ
˴죬һŵζõģϰĵͶ˼ӣ
豧Թ㲻֪жһ̫һ˼ҵţûг֤
ϰ֣ߡ

Ҳ⣬Цؿ衣뿪ǰˡ

ֵڵƹһһصı

Ѿͷڲһ˹ػˣףСڸԶ
ɢӷûͷеľһ

ֶƣھͷ£Ŀһµģǽ
ŷŴĺڰƬźڿ۾Ů˱飬΢΢ɫҺ
ʱ֣ȥ̵ģȥɳӳӹʵŲ
ͷ˼µһȴ¸鷳һϸ˿߹
ᣬžžصϡ

ӿͳݹȥˣȴûв˼ת߽ϴ
䣬ֻˮٻʱȦǺģӵֹ
ת˻˵أ

Ӣĩˣ粻ģɴɩȥӢ
Ҳѹ迴ĺߣ֪ж
ˡϸĵĽĴ̺СͷÿӽõŽС

ʮǰǵùڼּܻףǰͬ
ĶӣԶݵѣһˣϲ跻Ȳ裬ǴǮ
˵һλ꣬˵Էǵþ뵽ҵģ
ٴй˾ﵣδŮ͡

ʮ󣬰µĳ̶Զ˶ٺ֪
Լ⻹ŮԵļֵ϶⣬֮ҹϣ
˵ڣ񷣵ۼƶһְ㣬ôҲ
ĿǷ

ʮ壬߶ĳǾͺ˸ܶˡȻ
ʮشһ룬˱ˣȴԼ
ûױʱգӵʹǰܱţҲó
̬۹ԣһ׷״ϰ䣬
һˡ

˿ڣģӴֱܽðʵĺɫ
ƶ䣬ͰͦͶģѾСϱ̣׼ɱغϣҪ
öã롣ż⶯ʲôֻǰس
΢Цںǰҡţˣһʱˣѡ
 
2

ΪʱĵŮԣѧҵһʳƷ˾ӪԼ
򳵣кһĵŹУûʲô
ġ

κڰڣ﷢ġ

ѧʱѧԼȥѧУӵɢˣѧɵָ
żߵѧ棬顣ˣǾ
ĲݵƷȥΣС˵ΪΪý
ˮΪ֤ĵ飬µȻڿѧǣһ
λѧõֺ׻ǳɳĿʼġ

ʶTҽϵѧTΪռĿ꣬
ΣִŲڵĸԣҽѧԺһ꣬
죬ٵ꣬ĳŵ˱λ˽
ģʱȢ㣬ͳɸˣҸĸȢ
Ů˽š

εЦЦñ裬ǷȥۻϵĻҳ
һ»Ȼˣϵûб׼ҵ̣ٵسİҲ
ʵջĥ˵ġ

ԭûп϶Ĵ𰸣ɥʧģ
꣬˿ʰ֦ѿʹ޷
 
ԣһϣƷò壬Ʋӣн
򡣡վϿǵĹ棬ֲ谮ߺھڼҰ齫Ψһ
Ⱥþ壬ƲӾȫǸƫˣҪһְҵ
ѣȴܴҪֶɫģ˵Ʋӵ˴Ȼ˵
Ǻ޸ݵġ

Сɡһ˫ɬ۾ͽ׵΢Ц

֮ǰͨ绰ġ

ż¾ɵľɫп˺ɿòʱ˵Ĺ㣬ʵ
ϳЩ

ͷ˿ȣ˵ݶڵ绰̸ˣ
ʲôҪ𣿡

Ҫ𣿡˵ü۽أ
ɫԾͷˡ

أǼǵҰֵһЩϲã壬죬
أҪһǮģġĿ̱˵һ
߲Ӱ

ϰԼļ񣬵ղأֻܸͷȥˣóһݺͬ
 
Ҫû·ˣҲ뵽ǹ棬ǹݺ͸ʽ
òʾ˵ҺˣûʲôĻ½ǩһ
սپ̬ȡ

ǷݺͬǰֽʺΪܵĬ
ѵҹҴҲй۵ֵļ㷽ʽһۣûʲô
ǩˣҪǮǩ񲽱ɷƵġ

⵽ӵ˫ֽ룬ֲڣѣɢһζ
ʣʲôģ

ֽġ

һĹˡ

̶ڻ࿳ۣܵĽӲʲô
һڳд򹤣ܵüǮȥݹߣԡ

ޡһºЩȴٽӻʵ
ȦʦҲרҵ̣ܰοʲôأһ
黹⣬Ѹαϵ˿ϵϣһĨԵƣŮж
ױʽɢͬսЦЦ˵ݿʼϣ
죬˵Ű߳˲

մıӰôһ˿ǿļį

3

ѡڵӰԺͳ棬ҪΣҹķӳ
ձϵµ֥飬ġ

˲Ƭɭɭĳ£ǶԻԵϸ
ڵӰԺｻ鱨Ŀշӡ

ôʶģϲʲôҵȺãʲô̸

Ŀֱɫ䡷֥ԣΪʼ޷Լ
ļС

ҪݼûԿܷɳݣÿⶼ
еֵͳûʷõĽؼƣһдͷʼ

ĻǱŮСŮץְ֣þҵģ
þҵġСŮسס

ڵǶˣȴһ쾱һͷ
岻ƣɫ񶳹ͣף

ǷֺŮӣܵЧ𣬰һɲ
ա

žһϵĿƿӵǰ㣬ͷҺ˳ȥ
¿ϣǿֵͲĭ

һ̯յص

ˣͳϵֽãֲɫˮѾǳɫ
ӡºۼɴԼͷʹĨץס֣
ͷ˻ȥ

Ҫʲôʱ򡣡

ʲôһؿ¿ֲƬ

ˣסץֻĺӡ

ЦˣЦǵļⱻЦǣһһأ
סˣʼ޷ƵĿЦͳˣûмƵģЦŵ
õػͷûֹͣ˼Цûзȵڿţ
ֱʰˡ

óѡƬˡ

Ƭͨ⣬˻Ƭӻ
ûһ룬ĺǷðƵģһһõӰص㣬
Ϊǲġ

ҰҪʲôأ

ϰ顣

ʲôѧҵģ

󡣡

ڰתͷҵĴѧĴѧ

һģѧѽɲҪְæûˡ

̲ס´ǰ䲻ʮˡ

ȫμѧУȥѾǲףϧˣҲ
֮Ĵ˾վȽŲˣ㲻ãԼͬ¡

ҹù𡭡

δϣʶκμ䴮ˮƵҡΣᴫȾ㣬һ
һŷǿǵ죬ͬĴذ˳ԽԽңܿ
ʼ!˫ȴվ

ߡקס֣չĴһԾͱ
ţͷĽŲЩŲԶˣЩˣȻ
ҡţҲ֪ȵ˭Ŀǣһ£̱ڵϣԶ
ȥڱϣ΢΢һһĽݣͷһӰԺϾɵ
컨忪ʼŤʱ̮Σա

֮߳Ļ磬ǰͻȻ


Ѿ˳űǼ⣬Ѷ¡

µ?ûЦ⣬ȴ޵׵

ǸɴҸ˼ˡŮӦ¶ˣҴ湻ǮͻȢţ
Ҷ뿪š

׽⻰˫շ˺ΣֶůͰֺʵֳ¯
ģűˮֽϣȫ
ȫΨһסĶ

ˣˣ˵û·ˣͣˣ
ͷĶϲȴԽԽӾ硣  

4

ôˣһ
æӳ߹ֵɫҰףֻסؿڣȥԼ
վɢһصĽ˧ʿϡ

֣ҩأҩǣ

ӻ桭ҽʦ

ҽʦ

ļͥҽʦֻĺ롣

æˮιҩٵط˺벦ȥᣬۣǸ
Ρһٻؼңֵҽ˭ˡ

ҽʦ˼˰ֵѪѹһ˵

ˣϸնȽҪϸ
ѪǺ͵̴̼ƽȻȵöˡ

Ӥڴϣ˲ųҽʦڣͼذڰ֣ʾ
˹ȥŲ˼ˣҪҪһܿŵʱ
ˣ

ûϵݱ̬ƣųҲڿݷѷ
Ȩ 

˵ʲô籾дģȴͻȻϣһв
׫ڡ

ģǡץʱ俴Űġ˵꣬һҲ
ͷ

ɱңԼ˵İҽʦǼ֤ˡ

ҵشƤֱӰֵ۾ѻͷ飬һذ
׼ģðʲôΥ֮ԣˡ

ҽʦҰ죬ͳȥϻ

úϢꡣ˵

5

ҹɫɣľ·ϵ˺ͳˣһĴ
ȴƻ

ֲǺͬ˵õĹʣмҪ꣬ҪǷ
ոû취Ԥڵ£Ӧˡ赭дģŷݸ


ŷ˻ȥ̬ίȴ㣬۾
һ˫۾עţ˶͸ˡ

ҲǮһˡ׾ġ͡㣬ܲ
ȥӰ˭Ҳûش⡣

ЦˣԼеαװ򱻴һ룬ʱ©ŷ
޶˵һţ׷ɣѧҵʱŸϹ
ءָָԼָָ뵽
һľ룬ɲǼһжʵˣһ壬ʱ
ڣͣÿһ壬ǸգͳϷ棬Ϸ棬
ԼŪͿˡ

ôǮأ

Сǰ˵Ĺҵã෢нʣ
ҾҸ̵Ĺ˾Ժܵˡ

ǰס֣һˣһ죬˵δ
Σ

ŵ۷ǹɵ㣬ûһȣֲ
񣬳ⳬ֪ʶΧ˭п϶Ĵء

Եذѽűߵ˳ȥϳӥ״ز
ǰ裬һǼҳĴ

¹£Ӱ޵ǣţǣë񻨰꣬
ذ㣬ӯڸԾڿųѤ߲ʹâ

β 

ͳԿףûſף־ʮˬЦҽʦ
㲻֪ζòε죬ⳡϷֵ

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ҪҽʦĹİҽʦһл񲻳ɾ⣬ʱһ
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ȥģÿȥɡ

ͷ޷Ǯյ»࣬롣

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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ʲôֿʫʫųƵϺã˶˵Ҳ˵
˿ҾãǿԲ˵Ȼһʫ
ĳһȴһ֪ʶԵ⣬ѧҲжں
ĻϵУʫҪԱǿǸʫΪʫ
֮Ҳ˵ʫĻʹϵ顣Ļǿʫʵ񣬵ʫ
ʽݣĩãҳ֮Ϊ֮󡱡

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֣ܱﾫ࣬ȴУ1. 
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Ŀռ䣬һ󻭣4. ϻе
Ҳͼһ仰ʫʵİ壺̵˵̵ĵ
ͼﵽЧĲݵ䣬̸˵ĸʶȫ
Ե֡

νҪĻں˵ʫʾܼ̣Ҳ£Ҫ
һּ⡣˵ʫΨԵġЩ
ʫʿΨģһҪĻںʫʱĻֱ
ѧҲͬһʫʵּǴҲ
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Ϸйյ׺ĻͬСѧҵͬҲ
յļֽͬ䲻ͬĹؼڣĻںȻ
ŲʫʿȻСɽˮۻǻ棬
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Ҳ䲻¡ĳΪһʻƬʫҺ̾ѵ
ḻꡢҶͻ֦оı룬䶼Ƶ
žһ͡ҲϧѵƶĴ
࣬ҲƬѾôֱۡΪûκγġʫ⡱
룬ѡ

ʫǼ̵ѧʽ֮һĬǣʫҪ
ĬҪʾҪԽ׶ԽáʫҪ
ǲѡռ䣬Ҳַӳ
ĿܡǣĬܳΪʾﲻĽڡʾڱּ
ʱͨһϵ󣨻棩ɵġЩӦ
ģĹؼԼӦþȻذѶߵּ
⡣Ԫġѩǧɽɾ𡣹̣
ѩǧɽ򾶡١𡢹̡ۡѩ
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Ҫ˵ʲô£Ҫ˵ˣɽ΢һ²ȫʫּ
һλС°ʿߡ̡
жôСô°׿ȺҪ߽ʱ
˵Ҫ˵ǣĿѩãҲΪ̡ߡѩ̡
֮ȫʫּܹǵСѧʱѧʫʦǷ
ʫּ⡣ǵͬѧЦܵѩô䣬
㻹ʳͷûԴҩɣ⣿Ƿɵͷ

ŵĵ㡪Ҫɫȡռ䣬
ΪʫѧʽҪɫһּ֣⣬
Чһ㣬üɢô̸ʫ
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ͨ׺Щﵽһ˵Ĺ°׿ȺҪɱ
ﲻͬȵЧٱ磬һ˵ϳɹСʫ
͡һУ֪ɽŷͬСʫ
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ʵ͸һнɽǣãã˺ɽϵ˼δ˵
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˵Сʫеߵˮ׼ʵΪ㡣β
ʫıɫȣͨҪñԼѡ
档Ƿݣʫʼչ

ʫŵĵĵ㡪ṹҪгȳƣָȫʫĸҪл
ءرּ⡣˵Ӧýøʻʫȥʾּ
⣬󲿷ȴȥξӡһΪɹķע
һдعĸлʫÿһӶ˵ϴ׺񣬲Ҷر
ģ˾߾伸ȫһĸʽ޷éݱ˴á
·һģرһ㻳׷ꡣܸоõû
˼άȫעǽһ֣رڴʾϸڵ
˽ṹı

Ѻϣͨ׵˵Ҫ˳ڡصУ˶ܸ
õҪԼǹϵģ˵νʫҪƽƣҲ˵
ж˵ĳЩλϵƽнġƽ
Ƶĺôʫ˵ᳪӽƽƹɵʫ
Ҳгһĸܡ̣ΪһǿЧ
ܣҪԵĩ

Ǳܽʫšʵ˵ʫʼͻʻж
òࡣֻܽǸżУ㲻һ֮ԣΪһδ
ҡţ˵ԭǺһʫӵķмάȣ
һֱߣܰеʫʷŵͬһֱгκ֮ˮ
ƽ߲øԭһ׾ʫʣҪÿһάȶ
úܺáԭҿ̽һĻ⣬ǰ潲ĺʫ
Ļдڡ֮󡱡

ν֮󡱣˵ĳЩʫʴڸɴ󣬶˵ʫͺʹ
УڹӸʽݵĻĻһʣ
бҪ綨ĻֵںνĻָһձԱ
ϰﲢ漰˼ϵֵʫ⣩
ˣΪĻǲͨٸġ磬˵й˵Ļ
ɡƽȡձԱֻϰԱ˵ͣ
˾;˵й˵ʲ͡˵ʫͺʹУ
ձΪݵӸʽݣ벻Ҫٷ˵ĳĳʫ
ʽţҲԾ֮һúɫȡ
ǡ̸ǡۡڴ衰硱˵߲磬߲
ƣ˹ν߲ԡ˵Уޡҽʵ̸ʵУ
šﲻȫԵ֡

֮󡱾˵ԭĩǿǰ
Ժӡָ֮󡱣˵ûмֵû壬˵
ԭҪԲӦóǰΪƽƺͶֻ
񣬲Ӧԭ򡣵ǵڹʫձԣǿΪ
ԭΪʲô˵ǲҪ˶Ҫأڶдʫ
ҪأǲǰWԼ治ת˵Ҫ

ܽʫĻдڡ֮󡱣Ա˶ԹʫʵĶͣ
ҲڹĦĹʫʡľܽᣬһ
ҵ߼ǣδѵ˵ʫͺʹȻ˳
ǰԭ˳ϷʫͺʹȻ˳룬
Ҫһʫʣͨһʵııƪ֣Ȼо
ĳΣȻʹѺϣȻʹͶܷ̾Ϲ
Ȼ˳ƽƺͶΪʲô˵ʫһ۾ͿóƽƺͶ
ϵúܺãǰԺܲ˵ʫζܵΪƽƺͶԿ͹۵
׼ǰʫζŨȴÿ͹ۻ׼

ʫƲݵĻΪԴڹŴƾٿ
ԡҵ³ĲϣƾٿԣʫǱؿģ
ΪϻϵɣϤͥ䲼Ѻϡ峯á
ϡƳáϡγáϡԪ嶼áƽˮϡ
峯ĽСʫϡһֱõڡڿƾٿǳ͢£־
Ҫžľֵԣ͹ۻչرǿʽ
ѸʫƿγһĻͳҲ˵ʫ
ͺʹرǿʽһĻͳʫͺʹȻɡ


Сйͨ

                          Фë


硶СSex and the Cityڵ412з
˼ȤĶԻһŮؾSamanthaٵ⵽ѵ⣬
ȻҪգѯٵԭȴȻ
Ի

You can tell me. I'm human.ԸңҲ
All evidence to the contrary.֤ݱ㲻ǡ

ôSamanthaĻش˼ɣȻƬп仰

It's a Mandarin girl now? йŮ
but I must tell youI don't enjoy Mandarin food and I don't 
enjoy a Mandarin child.Ҫ㣬ҲйˣҲϲ
С
And I'm learning Mandarin!ѧģ

ЩᵽMandarinʲô˼ԭĿݴʻʣǰ
ߵ˼ǡйġߵ˼ǡġֵMandarin˼
ܶ࣬еǡйٻͨľɳƣ͡ȥ
ϲ飬˾Ȼ˵Mandarinǡˡ롣ٶȰٿƣ˵

MandarinӢĵǴģMandarimһʷչġ
MandarimǴĵĶmandarģ˼ָӡ

ĵMandarimǴģMantariչģ
ǴӡģӡȱģӡǴĽġ磬
ǻ˼˵˼ӢйĹԱͳơ
ָǴһƷƷĹԱ

Mandarin޹ҹԱơġ
ʱڵʿͶʽ˿֤Ϊ
μҮջʷ顷֮ɳļ1170ҳ

˱ƺйԱΪMandarimʵӢб
Mandarin

1727꣬Ӻ꣬Ӣ˿ʼѡٻԱ˵Ļͨ
ǰMandarinԣӢ棬Mandarinй޹Ա
ʱһĸСдmandarim˼ǡٻǡͨʱ
ԵƣһĸҪдMandarin 

MandarinChineseڣChineseָейԣ
ԣͬʱҲй֣Mandarinָֻù﷢ԡ 

ĳЩ˹MandarinһǴӡˡ
˵ǺɣҲȫûиݵġ

ٶȰٿƵ˵ȻǶûгǰì֮
ֱΪ֤ݡӢάٿȴֵеҪ۶г
ɲ飬˵

mandarinһ൱ĵġ١mandarimƴܿ1524
ͳˡ֤ʵmandarinѧΪmandarinܿ
mandadorߣmandar ()йϵ
mandareִֵȴΪmandarinmandarim
mandarimmenterimenteriӡmantrimantri
mantrin󳼻ʣרָйʱĹԱǻʼҽUngku 
Abdul AzizΪյͳʱס׵Ҫй
ʱʹmenteriʣ˵ǰ˵
menterin

֮mandarinһ16ʱŷС֮ǰŷ˾
LouteaжƴָйԱʴԼԴŷl-tia
lu-tiaй˶ԹԱձƺôLouteaԵȵĴʻ㾿
ʲôأүɴ˿ɼ˶ԱơLouteaʱǸ
Ա϶̵ģǸ˻㶫ˡ

ڴĺڶ࣬Թ涨һʹõʱ
еı׼ٻ16͵йʿѧϰٻʱΪ
Mandarin1909꣬ѡٻΪ

ˣmandarinһʿָԱָҲָ
ٻ˵ͨ

Ȼй롰ͨƺȫͬĸ
ĳЩ˴ĳЩԱڷʱ˵ġͨͨͿԷ
֣ǲƽ಻֣죬ֵķźܴ𡣼
ΪǱ׼йͨǿ̫źˡźǣ
㲥̨ʱҲͨͨһֱ
֮иĳѧŮڣθýĿԼԱ
ֲƽ࣬ҾϷͷˮԣÿ
ڽĿֻùرֵǣλڽӢ
ȴȽϱ׼ʹ뵽ѡιԱʦʱ
ӢĿ￼ԣԽǸ߼쵼Խǿ̿ѧϰͨͨͻ
ƹ㿪ͨսʵ

ͷ˵СᵽmandarinȻͬʱСйġ
ġ֮⣬ֻΪŦԼָmandarinµں

˳˵һ䣬СоᵽйˣЩӢĲ
˼ҿԼп֤һЩƵԺĴˣȴ
ûôʱ䡣


                   
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ѧġף඼ӹһס֤Կѧĳ
ͻһ壬˵ѧĺôĵŵ㣬ΨѧĲǣĻ
㡣ժ¼˵͵һΣû黳գѧֻä
Ŀĺçײģûпѧ룬ֻŵĺġΪ
桢ʵ̽ѧ޷ڵ⣬ֻľ
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Ժͼ̶ҲʧȥѧĹâ
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Ҫƺȵ컹ѡǵᣬֻҪͼ
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ʵ죬ƭӿֱ׳ƭƭ˾ǳɹԲѧ
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׼ӵҪнϸߵ룬ԸΪǮΪѧϰѧУΨһ
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༼ܲӦãҪӿѧĽǶȷǴĻĽ
ơ磬תûкӦѧ
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ν֤˼άҪ໥ϵ˼⡣ƽָ˼
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ɼѧĵĹϵǵһЩѧ˵ֻ໥Ĺϵ
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ԵġĻȻ˸о壬ܲؿѧؿѧ
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磬ͷţһƬɫĲӭ˹ͷ˸
ǻɫĲ˼ŵ㣬ڱĳʪĿе
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أͷؼǵã죬ЩͲ˵֦ͷֻǶһƻƵİñ
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컹ٵĻˣǵأȾˣѵȾˣͷ
ҲȾˡ

ͷŽµܸܸݣ￴ǸճģЩƵֻ̽
ӣԴ϶һˮ顣¹һ꣬Сˮ֣
һ¾ͳˣͲ˻ˮ֣һˣûһǰף
Ļ۽һһͷĨĨץһѵĻۣ
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ˣĳӼƵİڰУ￴Ϳ
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ͷһ󣬿ʼԼĹؾéݵĺ棬ԭһС
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ͷ֪ǽһĳԼƬطʮԶԼԽԽ
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ˣֻʣһڣ·һίˣն۾ֱؿ
ͷ

ͷһ󣬰ĿջͲ˵ôĽƵһƬ
ٴδͷģûɶ˲ģͷԼ˵ûˣػڣ
ԼڣٲǰԼضȥˣβǰ
ʣµƬضȥˡͷѡȴͷ
̵ϱ֪ȴһսΪ˽׼ƵͷѼ
ᵽͲ˵أȻΪ⣬ܵԶӡŮǵһֱ
ԣ޷˵ˣͷ֪ԼڸʲôҲǽ
ͣԼڸѾûжٻ˵һ쵽ﶼǷֺ졢
ݡǮ͸ָͷû˵ĿܵĶͷ
ԼѾԽԽԶ˵仰ͷҪƢͿϰ飬
ȻӶ챧ˣԸĸƵó򱣻Ѿ׳øʨ
һĶǡһǳܣȰͷȰͷʶѾû
㹻ӰɷͺӵĴһᡣһ
ղŻէëס졣ϰҲܣ
һгܵļ̾װӣԲˬ
ıݣʹϰ黼һ֢һ˳죬ҪᣬΪö
ˣϰ۾ɬһۡ

éͷԭõģǳ򵥵ֲݷӣǽɵģ
ʯߡͷӼʰ£ϼ򵥵ļҾߡְǰ
ƽˣһԺӡͷԼס⡣

ͷѼҰᵽׯڵأͷ뷨ܼ򵥣Ҫء
Ѿ֪εĲǨǽĴƵ£ǵҰĺܴ
ҪƬȫߣʲôͷ֪ʲôֻ֪
ƬѾ˼ʮ꣬Ƭϼô˵߾Ҫ
ء죬ͷԼķʽشЩˣѸǩֵֽƬ˺ˣֽ
Ƭһ׷ͷԼ﷢һЦԼû
ǿЩ˳ԾʱͷÿòˡΪ
ԼľģͷһС첲ֵľһ¾ΪΣ
һ̣ͷԺЩչʾԼľģҲչʾԼʵ
ͷԼĶַ

ͷҲ֪һֻǸոտʼҿΪԼĹΪӿΣ
Ľ̡ͷ׼ǶֶԸԼİ취һһҵ
˻ķΩû뵽ǻͲ˵֣죬һ
ԼĵѲߣȴߵؿ鷢һϹȥȴһ
ѴŵǱ߹ܿͽͲ˵أŹӣһȺͽ
޼ɵĺɨЩոմ˰ͲˣϵʱһĶͲѾή
ࣺҪҵͲˣҪҵͲˣͷűٵͲ˿
ֹʩŰĲתȥץǵĹӣԼ޵
赲ЩߣԼ֪񶾵ǡķ
ĴЩѴͲתƵϣܼȭ£Ψһ
ľ˫ֱסͷҲʱѧķ֮Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬
Ķûˣȴһҭ̧ͷϰ飬
վоͷۡ첲ۣۡƺȫеĵطۣЩ
ӣֻ湻ݵģϰİ£ӣʲôѽ
صĲ֦ҶĻ٣·ոձڻըأȱȫ
֫ɢϣѪˮСϪһͷ۾Щ
ϳȥȴһȺԵ۷һԴ꣬ͷ
ԼҪˡ

ǻ߰ɣȥǻģ

ϰͷۣһֽţ˵Ҳ뿪ģ
Ҳ뿪ģ

ֿܵ㲻һϺϵͷӡ

ϰĻͷ˼ͷվ￴զûз
Щ˽Ͳ˵أֵ磬ʱȡİ취
˵ؾͲˡţͷǰߣϰ鲻֪Ҫʲô
ֻǸں档ͷŵرһȦĵܱһ뱻Ѽźӻţֻ
Ͽŵĵطţͷ룬ܰطͺˡ
ͷӹһͷǵģҪһtһվΧһп
Ծ۵׵ĲtЩ˾Ͳ͵͵Ͳ˵ˡ

ڴһڣͷͿʼԼж

ͷ˵һtһô˲£ǵã
ڳʴǻᣬսֻòһʱͽһ߰׸ߵĲt
һ֦Ҷȥһô׳ͷԼĲt
ƣȫľṹ׾͹ˣλþéݺĻԸ
Ƭ㹻ïܣҲ㹻ĸߴԸttӦ
Ϊ㣬ΧҪΧҪ겼ɻϣÿҪƽľ壬Ҫ
㹻ʣ˵ԼԺӾͻȹƣͷʼԼ
жȥ˼ѳɷĴӣŪܶľͷʼϰ鲻֪Ҫ
ʲôֻΪͷҪһӣͷҲֻͣϰ
ģϰΪһӵģٵģʹҲá

ڣͷĲtѾ߹ģһľͷȫľ
ͷֵԲľľϸһЩľ˲ۣѺľǶȥ
˿ιסϸľ塣ͷ˶壬ľͷ֨
֨ϰĶͷ⣬˿ڲ裬Ȼ̴ȡ
ʵһ̣ζĳ룬ٶȣò˰
£Ĳtͽˡ

3

Ͳ˵ͨҪһСţű߹ĳһѼ
˶µӰһĶôЪ
ȥŵĸһ¶⣬̸ڣ֮⻹ܷĸ롣û
˵Ѽж೤ˣСҲ˵
೤ˣֻ˵ͳˣƺʱͺ
һֻ֡в룬Ҳа˰ˣ˵һǧǧҲ
˲㣬ƾõѾǺˡϹ
ֵӣֵӣԼʡֵӡﻹһ
㣬ԴӴӱǨ󣬾ˡ

ͷÿεȥܻЪЪЪһȺˮӶ࣬
аͷѼ񡢻ӡֻѣǴԶõ
ϣȻϸĵĴǵķݣڵͷɵļÿ
ǴһǼ֦һʪͣ
мšЩС·𿴶ͷ⣬ÿΧи
ͣмͣļϣǺ촽ͷͷҲգ
ȥֹˣŰóһС󣬻һ
ƤСǸˣһǰʳһ߿ǰüĿ
ǳͷסؽУ·ʣ˼ңʲôǳأ

ͷʲôǳأֻͷԼ֪ͷÿ춼Ҫϴַȥһˣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ˳žߵ˴
һƬ棬ݶƵˣеĵطʣ¼ǽϲשߣĿ
꣬һڷܶ﷢ͷʶӼҵ
кڻĹһ᲻Ҳܻģ뵽ͷıͷЩ
ᣬһԹܵߣĽ£Ĺʱ
磬ͷ̾ϢţԼӵľַԽԽĲ
õĵƹ⣬ͷȴЩԼԽԽԶ

ǴλȥͷкڻĹÿٵַȥʱ߾


ϰһںͷܵġϣϰ˰ϣ
ڴӵķҵͷͷǶޣͷ֮䣬
һһʵģĽűߣʱ̧ͷͷȻмͷѹ
ĿӰҹﴫϰ̲ס档ϰ֪ͷ̫᲻
طˣط˼ʮ꣬˵ûоûˣһ紵
ʲôҲû£ͷܲءϰͷĬĬ
ļϡϣǾͱơ

ͷ˵һ᲻£

ϰ˵֪

ͷ˵ʮ꣬˵̵Щ꣬Ҿһֱס
û뿪

ϰ˵֪

ͷվڷȥߵͲƽͷȽղסģ
·ΰƵģһǳһŵģϰ鲻ò

ͷһǽǰͣüͷøˣҲûˡ

ϰû˵ֻǰץøˣҹ紵̲ס˸
硣

мˡͷ˵ʹׯһͣ˵
ˡ 

ϰ鿴˿죬ֿͷø˵ʲô˵д˵
ɽ鶴Ǩģǲģ

Ȼģͷԥ˵дģ־Ҳ
дģǻм١Ǻʹһ𽨳ɵģʲôûˡ

ϰ̾ƮƮģ·һëỮͷĶߡ

õĴӣõã϶ﱣأɻ˵
Ͳˣĸﶼء

ͷĻϰ˹ȥЩЩӳһ̾װ
ˣӺ͹ÿÿռЩСľɡĶȻз
ڴǰյũҵġľɡˣǰĿⶢסãû
ֹ˵ķ񣬸յĶˣҵĶˣԲģҪŻ
ãʱᡱͷվˡЩϰֹסЦ

Цʲô

ϰ˵Ц㵱ģӣ˵ЩȻЩ
סˡ

ӣԼ˵Ļͷ˳˼ӰƬһ


ǵؼҰѹ׵ľɾװóϣƤþñ
һֻʣǹǹϡվЩѧǰ˵
һصأǵҩ⣬˭Ҫٸǰһһɸɱۣ
˵ŰγǹЩĺǡЩСƨȻľٶס
ˡһ·ɨûм浶ǹƻڿ
ɸƻĹǰǵһֱ߰ԴҲмʹĺ
ݣԥǸֻ̬ȵĺһ⣬Ȼ
˵һӵķţԼȥʣҲ֪þ̫󣬻ЩӸ
Ͳǿĺӱˣóʱ䶼վӡ˵ˣЩ
Ӳǰһ컹ѧУСƨǶĳ棬ɢ
Ӵ˺ҲûӣҲûá

أͷ룬Щ˿ɲ㴩ʲôҲİŭ
һǰڽƬϵĵֿʮԸǨĴ
һǽֵЩûһԵĻеûԵĻеͣˣ
ǰһȺԡĴźɫƷˣǾ͸ʳһ
˹Ǵװһϣӿһ
ԶĵطͣǾһѼźӱߣȵǻصԼĴ
ǰѾһƬ棬һס˼ĴӾ̱һ
Ƭôأôأķӣûоͬ
⣬ôͿ԰Ƶأ

ͷ˥ƮþһֻֽҪһ紵
ʧӰ١

ͷǲǣÿϣһ̣Щ£
¶ϣ̹ڰҹһһŹ⣬ϵǶᷢ


4

ϣͷˣĻܶ࣬չǶʮĶأҪ
ϰιһȺţѼмֻӡȺ
ģеĲģƵЩûȥ¼ƺҲû
ǵλãǰĶˣľͷͷе
ĸëǼֻӣһͷЩ¼һҲ
İÿͷ棬͸һƵģͷÿ쾡չЩ
ڶУҲһʵ

ͷ˵Щطһˣ

ͷĻϰһϰԥ˵ӣʲôӣطզ
һء

ͷ˵ҾҪｨһӡ

ϰ˵ֻˡ

ͷ˵Ǿ˵Ĵӡ

ϰ鿴ͷΪͷ˵ˣȥĶͷ

ͷ֣㲻Ҫ۹⿴ңҲ˵ҾҪ
һׯһǰһģһĴׯ

ϰ鿴ͷƢŹֵͷһǷˣһͷ꣬ûһ
ݵͷӾȻҪһׯǷʲôϰ뵽
Щˡ

ͷòȰϰ飬Լ뷨˵ϰ뷨ʵܼ򵥣
һӣһӣȻϰһӣֱ

ͷĻʹϰøˣͷж೤ʱû
˵ĻˣµһӺûи˵ˡɶ
ˣȴ˵ĻϰͻȻЩ˼æסס
Щȷ

ͷ˵ڶ죬ͷͰһѼԱߡӺܼª
һεľƣŤŤдһ֣Ѽ塱ֵ滮
һͷͷָǵķӡ

ϰ鿴Ť֣̲סЦˣ˵д֣ӵֶ
磬Ƶġ

ͷ˿ӣҲЦˣֻϵó͹ˡ

һֻұͿǰһӣΪ³һȲ
ɹϣһݷ࣬鲽²鿴ʶ
һʱʧĳߵˡ

ϰĿⱻ͵ӰǣƬϣϰͻȻ뵽һʲô⣬
˵ǰסĴҲûʲôơ

ͷ̧ͷǱ߿һۣ˵ΪǰûУԱˡ

ϰͷĻЩ⣬һʱҲ֪

ͷ˵и֣Ȼܳȥ磬ʹˣ
ѭֻһû֣͸·ߵƵģ˾Ҳ
ˡҲ

ϰȻͷĻЩ߼⣬ҲҲĻ
ҪǣͷĻҲһĵ

Ժˣͷ˺ʮףб۾ԼĴƣо⡣
ͷ

ʱϰߵǸʯϣſ¿滺ĺˮ
帲˴ӹˮŴ̽ͷ·
һˮݵͷվһֻѣ΢ص𶯳ʱ
ʱ£ǧרעԼϷ

ϰ鿴ţһҷ·𱻲ˣȥһЩӿ
ˮһҲڶ˺谭һϰϰ鱻˺ͷĿѣ
ͷʱϵһȥ

ڸʲôͷĨͷϵĺˡ

ôˣϰ鿴ͷֿԼбӣͷ
˼ʱ˵ƣϲͷŵӣΪԼŵӡ

ʲô벻ģ˵ѽɲҪˣһͷ
ӿզ죡ͷᶼˣץԽԽ

ϰڻ̲סЦˣЦؿڣ˵ΪҪѽû
Ҷˣܻ꣬զȥء

ղǸʲôͷ£Ĩϵĺ

ֻЩͷΣţЩºһ¾ͳһʱ벻
𣬱ͷЩΡ

ͷҲǰţ˵ʲôģһֲǶţ
ֲǰߡ

ͷĻϰ飬˵ˣǵĶţת
ҵǾġ

ͷ˵ġ

ϰ˵ǺҼǵأ촩һװѼѼ
ģһ۾Ϳˡ

ϰĻʹͷ˷˵ģû˵Ҳ
㣬ڴݣӳӳɽУͻֲˡ

ϰЩ죺ÿɲڵ㣬һ壬
͸ϻƤƵģʮʱ⣬˵ûоûˡ

ɲǣʱ㣬ĸ仨Ƶģ󣬾ܵ϶ң
Ҵģȥģĸӵģһȥȥˣ
ǰ죬һΪŮˡͷ˵Ц

ϰҲЦϵĺԽԽˣʱҲ֪ΪɶһӾ͵ˣ
һŻ𣬾Ҫ˵仰Щ˼

ͷЩ˵̫ӢĻˡ

ϰ˵һңӬƵģҶ
Щ䷢ĵģƭøɵƵġ

ͷЦţϰϹ˹Ρ

ţ첻أǵǶأ------
ϰͻȻ̾һϾҪʧˣţҪˣ
Ĵơ

ͷǱε̥ӱղŻٴα
ͷǡߵѼ£һĳ紵ڵϣΧ
ŵڵϵѷȥĽͷСİŵ
ԭλã룬ģһѽ֦ϣ
ס֡

ߵ·ϣͷ˼ʵţһײʱ任˷
;ɥı飬ȵĿʹͷǧٿףЩƲԸʧȥᣬ
ͷϸŵøˡ

5

ͷͻȻˣȻϰ飬ǽͷŪƣҲ
һͷļƻ

ͷĲ˵Σ绹ڵæ˯һȴҲˣ
ͷؽᣬ·ҡҡλΣ˾һ㡣ͷͼ˼
ûȥһμǵԴƵĵͷ϶ĳѪϰ鲻
ͷˣקͷŪӣͷϢ

һ˯˯һڡ

м䣬ϰͷȥҽɾǿͷ˵ʲôҲȥϰ֪ͷ
ԭ֪ȰҲûã͸ͷŪЩҩԣͷ彥ָ

ԺЩͷϲȥˣͷкܶҪɡ
ͷǰݺ磬Ƥ٣Ӣëȣ
ѾµĹƤ룬棬غͷǰݺ׵ĵط
ͷ˵ׯûǴׯѣû
ӵˣûһ㿴ͷˡ

ҪŪ磬ѲͷĴӴ󶼰ˣµĶЩ
û˻һͷΰһԼĻǡ
ͷ󣬺Ŵ·ʱסǵȽţ
ΡΡشӹľзɳľ渲ǲ͸ɫС
ѹӢСɡѾ򿪣ھ£ŵȻֳĻɫһֻ
˳ſ˻˻Ľűʾ߲ӭ̬ȡ

û߶Զ·ͷֳͷѡ˱ȽխС
һдҰֱֱǰһƬ֡ǰ·ǲ벻
ʼǰһԶĵطôҲϲ̫ƵţЩ
̰ĺ֯ɵ»صĸ׵Ļһᣬ
ǾľİİΧ֮С£ͰĹľԹ˼Ļǰ
ɫĻһһĻɴವù͸õҶ
ζ

ǰһƻ԰ҲڲǨ֮Уڹƻ
԰ԱһĲ԰мһ׵ǽ۷ɹ԰
欵ĻһֻСܾһ껱ϣ׵ĻССӣ
ֻ¶һ˫С۾Ĺ۲Ī硣컹ǺúõľӼң
˵û˾ûˣֻʣصĻô붼ġ

ԼľӴҲݿյľӼһͷ;Լ
·ͿˣƮƮһöݻƵҶ

ֺˣͷҪʰӣѴϰתͷҪ
ҲˣڴôҲͷڵĻأŲӣҪ
չׯڣ󣬻Ҫչϰ飬ͷЩͷöһȶЩŲȥˡ

ϰ鿴ȴ֪ôһᣬϸ꣬
ϸܵ˿Ʈϰţϵף˵
ȻԵЩ䡣

ϰ·Ժ￴ͷæµͷæµӾһֻϣ
ϰúȤҲġ

ʱͷˣҲһӣǲϣǵ
ׯǿׯڣԵ۷ڻԼȥڱĺʱ
ת質ֻƵǵĽű߹ȥݵĸţ
ǲԶĵطţеʹͷȥЩ¡

괺죬һһͬѰ϶ٵĴ졣
֣ǣһͷԸ뿪Сţıҵʹĥʹ
಻һ꣬ѾʮˣɼѾݲԽԽķ
ҪȥԸ׾ǣ֣һֱǣվĵ
һγţҲһ뿪壬Ҳǵһ֪ʲôʲô
ʹʹ裬γϡҲһΣԼ˵Լһģ
һͲ뿪ġ

ʹľ£Ժȥܶطûи
Լ˼ЩѶů£Щƽ˻
ӣЩԶԸɢȥ䣬ʼļ᲻ɢ

ˣѵȫסʯͷɵʯʯͷ
ڼªĴ©磬ڷ紵ѱɺɫ죬ӷ϶Ｗ
̵һɪɪҲŮȹһ
ҸֵûӣͷԼһӵҸʱȹġ

ʱðͷţ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǣƴ۽һֱ
˶ͷϰ֪뵽ʲôҲȥһůůͷЦ
ϣͷչüͷϡ

6

ͷĹѽչڶ㡣ͷÿݼææȥϰ
ȴӵôҲǷӵݼܣͷӾڸʲ
ôһ죬ϰ̲סˣʻݼϵͷ

˵ʲôͷľͷ̽ͷһֻӲ̽ӣ
ؿΧԱ㷢Σտʱӵ

㾿ڸʲôⷿӲǷӣʲô

⵱ȻǷӡͷ˵һķӣ֪
ˡ

ϰЩ˵㲻ƭңҪΪʲô֪˵
Ȼһѻˡ

ͷϰ۾۾ģͷˣ֪ϰƢ
ϰһ˭ƭ͸ҪͷһӲŮһ
ͷȻһûпŮһۡ

ͷ˵֪ˡ˵һֻ֣ݼϿ
һӣͷ֣ϰܿ

ͷ˵ܿɶо

ɶоϰվӣ￴ֻҰˣܵľɫ
۵ףܿһֻеӡϰ˵㽨Ϊ
˿ɫɣ

Ȼǡͷ˵ЩôͻȻͽ۵ĵ
۷ֲˣڿǻܲ־ͽ۵ĵ𣡡

ϰͷʲôˡ

ͷ˵Ҿ룬ܱ۵ĵأ۵Ĵӣ
Ҿ뽨һtҪģվ棬ΧĶͱӹ۵۾
ǾͲ͵͵ˡ

ϰͷЩ⣬뵽ߵģһֱû
˵㼴ʹˣ˼һҪô죬һͷ赲
˼ҽ

Ȼͷû뵽ģͷϰ飬￴Ӿй
ƤήЩͰ͵ؿϰ顣

ϰͷƭҲ뵽ĵ
éĴϡͷŽݣéʪһͲӴͷð
׳ϣȱڵչһողʻʹ
Ӷе⡣

ͷ˵Ҳһӣé̫ˣзʪ
סȥãˣӦý¥ǾͰᵽ¥ȥסͷ˵
´ǽϵϴ϶ǡ

ϰ鲻˵

ͷ˵ǵطã͸ܿ羰¥ǻ
¥ɺöˣ˵ǲǡ

ͷĻƺϰ飬ϰ˵ôߣµģ಻
㡣

ͷƺг˵Ҷˣס㣬ڶĵط
һ¥ݣ¥ͽˡ

ϰת˵ǲںң

ͷ䷢ģֳȴϰϣϰĶø
ʹһ㣬֮ȶӵĻзƯˡ

ϰüͷչ˵㻹Ҹ㵱۲ڣ

ͷٺЦˡ

˵ŻͷͻȻһ϶ϰŵüľͷ
ϵ

ϰ鿴ͷͷ򼤶촽΢΢첲ֱֱǰţһ
˵㿴㿴

ϰ˳ͷֿȥ˴СŵǱֱ
߹βеѼӡ

ͷЩŵ˵ҿˣˣҪȥһ
ҵͲ˵ˡ˵žҪϰסˡ

ϰ鿴һ˵ǲƻģ·ӾͿԿ


ͷŵؿϰ飬ϰ϶˵ߴǰǨġ
˵˳ˣͷͷ˵Ҹ˵վ
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ͷֻܵͷϰǰҪͷƢ̫𱩣
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ȭͷĽͷףϰҲǰˡ

ͷϰЩָֻŵ˵ܣ˫ܼ
ЩڵϰⲽļѼҲսţЩűʾǵ


һʱЩˣͷǵӰҰʧŴľ
ЩǸʲôģϰ鶼˵Щʲô

ϰһСϣͷ·˾Ƶļ΢΢ͷ
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ͷһЩ˵Լϰˣ˳ץһӾҪߣ
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ϰ˵˭ˣ㻹ΪǶʮͷͷСӡ

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ϰ˵û۸ңôȥ۸һ̫̫أ

ʲôͷĹӡ

ǵԺզһֱȥҲǸ취

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ϰ˵óһֽƬǸģǩ֡

ͷӹֽƬҲУֽƬ紵Уֻ
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˵ʲôҲģִͷӣúǶأÿ
춼Ҵ绰ǵģúǶò˵ӣ


ͷղŻͦñֱһͻȻúۣ˵һ
ȥ˯ˡ˵žͽݡ˯ú㣬һΣμԼԼҵ
ͥԺϦ£Ҷյ͸ɫĹʵڷï֦Ҷ⡣
ֻ«ſʳһֻСԭشתƴסԼβ͡ҹĻ٣
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ʯͷϷĴ죬ѧӵıܺͼͷҹ
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7

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ųܣܵģһѧ·ĺӡҺý
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ͷͺڻһˡʵϣÿϣͷõʱ
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8

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tҡľͷҧϵĵط֨֨ϰ
ɤϣҲͷᵽסʾɡ

ͷԼ̸ǰᵽtϣһ쵽˳Էϵأ
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ڣµûжˣЩͲѾոˣѳһ
û˻ָһꡣͷ뵽ޱȵĸˡ

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9

һֱߵĺڻˣ˺ܾãͲ˵رҵѾ
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ôһ˵ĵط˭ȥ¶أΪʲôҪ¶һء

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ѺڻŽȥʱͷԥһ󣬿һϰ飬Űϣ
ʵˡ룬һʯͷѹ棬ͣ

ͷЪһᣬŹֱȥĹء

ͷĹѽչ֮һڰһͨͿˡ
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ЪЪɡϰ˵

ͷһƨڵϣڰϵһ㣬һһϣ
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ϰĻͷȤϰ飬˵İ취ʲôİ취

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ѫ±ؿڣ˼飬˵һõѫ£Ӳƭˣ
ðøӿ֪үүûƭ뿴жˣ
ʮˣЩʱ

ϰ鿴ͷ·ֿʮǰǸӢСӣǸǹֵ
굫ڻصߵСӣϰ뵽ůġ

ͷԼĻܾãڻصϣΪ
ϰͷ˵Щ˿㽨˲tֿ˹
кڻǰſţǾͲˡ

ɺڻˣҩˣôһطô˷ҩأ

ϰʶԼ˵˻ֻ°ϡ

ͷ˼ܿתƵڻϣһֿܣ
ԼƷˡµ˺ڻֳ˼ͷʲôҲ
ûСͷǼͷͷʵģͷǴӲֽ
ġͷͿһ£һͷռӡͷͷ
ţһڶû˯þ

10

ͷ뷨ܿ͵õ֤ʵϣû𴲣ϰЪ˹
Ľͷæ㶼ˤһӡͷײײ
ϰվǰ治Զĵط죬򾪼¸첲ͣǰĿյϣ
ͷеĸڵϣһͷ߹ȥĸȻѾˣ
ǻմѪͷ֣ȥӣƺ̥
һͷҪˣ˭ôİŪˡ

ͷȥ˰죬Ѫֳնûġ
ͷҲѹҩһ˵ˣ컹û˵ʱһ꾯
˵ﲻҪٲߣͻЭǨ㻹ǿ
߰ɡ˵ˡ

ͷһᣬǳһӬĵò㶼Ҫ³
ץϰ鿴ģ֪ϰЩע̫
Ѫڵʱͺ˵ĺӡȴͻȻ뿪
ˣ׵뿪ˣϰܵأͷһһЩ
νģѾ϶Щ¶Щ˸ɵģһԼ˯̫
Щ쵰͵͵ˡġغӡأҲϰ˵ģ赲
Щ˵ģͷЩᣬԼԴ

ͷݰοϰ顣ʪСŲײͷ
ͷۣ˺ô󾢲Űϰݽǵڴή
Ӥһϰ飬ͷȻԼʲô
һӵŮ˻ҪЩԼģͷ
ĳǸΣͷϰǰ˵ˣˣܿͿԻ
ȥžˣ

ϣͷϣׯڣϰѹֳҭĿ
βܱȫԼļ԰ʵĻУ¹谵ֻөק
һǰȥܿͱû̻֮Сͷʵ
̻ﶯһ£֪Լôˡ

ڶ죬ͷȥһ˳һͬĻһͷӳ
жʮ̻ϰվſڣһ˵Щڿѣ
įվǰ

֪ǵˡͷŪЩ̻˵

Щ̻𣿡ϰʡ

ͷͷ

ǲһЩ̻ϰ˵

ֻ΢ǾǺܺõ˵öǣǾ
ܺõͷ˵

ϰЩ

ͷ˵㿴Щ̻ƽţȼ͸ڵƵģû
ԶȻҪǽиװɵܺͶ̻ܵڲʱҾ͸
װƵĶڴʱڵ㣬ǾͰѱڵжװ
һͺŵڵѲҡ

ϰľ˵ը˰ɣ

Ȼըˣ˲ʲôͷ϶˵

ǾͲҪ˰ɣ˼߰ɡϰ龪ŵ˵

ͷ֪ϰǣ˵˵ģⲻŻŻЩˣ
ǲ۾ˡ

ǻҪô죿ϰ˵

ǻҪͷظһ䣬Գһ˿ɱҪ
ҾֻԸˡ

ͷĿϰ麦£жԼҪµ޷գϰ
硣

磬ͷڰŪЩ̻Щ̻ɵڷڵϣ
˼ͲӣеͲģͲģٰѲ̻װͲ
ͷúϸ£ϸþŪׯڡ

ϣͷùһͲ̻Ȧ̶ˣȻȼţ
һ죬̻׼ȷڵرߵĴƴըһ⡣ͷ⣬˵
ͲЩ˻ˡ

11

ոͲ˵죬ͷרŲ˻˵416գ˲׽ԣ
ո

ͷڵͷ㰸ϹƷȼ򣬺ϵذݣµ
Ͳ˵Ҷ䣬ֻʣºǹʵվǰֱ
ǵʱվֱͷԼʱһЩǹʵͲ
ʿͷһһ־ٵͷ˵ˡ
ǵĸ첲趯죬·˵ˡͷЦ
ЦøƵģβƴӶͷһֱǣһս
鲼ͷա

ͲĶ࣬ͷƻʱ񡣰ƻһҪ
ոһĶͲˣһʮͷ˵ʵһ޵Щ
ɵ񡣵ͷһǿͷԼϵׯڶղˡ
Ȼ滹һصԭͷԤУ֪Ƭһ
һ죬Ժׯڼǲܵˣͷúù񫣬
ҲĸʡͷţЩܡ

ϣ㣬ͷ˵أʱ¶ˮѾͲ˽ײ
ʱᱬ㳣ʶͷȻ֪ͷѷͲ˸ϣ
ӣ˵˾䡰ԲˡһһͲ
µһʼͷӾûֱͷӱС
ţȥſڵһӹȥһɾĵ档
ͷżعͷһƬƬͲĽ£־Ǿ
ܵĵˣƺЩصͷҡҡͷ°ӷȥ

ϰʱͷѾڳ̡ͷ·¶ˮʪˣͷݹ
᾵ϣһֻˮվͷԶĵطרעĿͷһһ
ŪֵͷڸʲôģҲǱʲôԭ
ˡϰ鿴ͷѾõͲˣֿͷ㲵ݣ
ͻȻЩġ

ͷ죬һжǰƻС˵죬ͷӸеԽԽأ
ۣ첲ۣۣӷ·𱻹Ǧ΢һ£Ĺؽڶ֨
֨һ糿˯µơ
ľͲͷԼϸ첲ȣ뵽Լʱ򣬵ǻᣬ
һһҹ˼ϵػҪ켸ҹĶ̣ǿŶӣרҵ
ˣӢۣһʮĶأʱһһĶвۡ
ԼˣֲˣͷЩ䣬ЩȴոͲ˸
Щġ

Ժļ죬ϰҲŲӸͷµءȻͷȰ˼Σ
ϰǲ˵ߵǰ档ͷͲ˵һͷڵֻ
һ㣬ϰͿٸһ㡣һӣܾԼԲϰ飬
뵱ôƯһСŮԼԼ¹ҪһҸģ
ɻѾȥĴ뱲ӣϰԼûĸЩۣ
Ρ

ϣҲͷ۵ûˣҲϰʾԼ
ΣͷûĲtϰסéݡéݻԭӣֻ
ǼͲ˳øߴˣȻѾջļڣȱ⣬Ͳ
Ȼ֦ҶŲͷǰεϰֹˡ
ϰ˵ǳǶɣЩҾǿ˯ġͷϰ
Թȣ˵ǵׯڶջˣտǣҾˡ

ϣͷ§ϰ˯ʼϰͷľٶЩ棬Ҳ
Щ˼˼£ûͷĸ첲ϰ鰲Ȼˣ
ͷĸ첲˯ˡͷżϰȻһֵˮ

죬ͷƺĲtƺԼؿ
롣ϣʰׯڣϰι󣬾ߣս
ʱ󣬵ȴԼͷԼ뷨˸ոսϰ飬ϰ
ϾȻһΣǰʱͷྫ̰ԣһϼζԲ
ϵزһ˯áʱðûԵûȵҲ
֣һ޵ڶ۾־ˣµظɻʱð
ϰˡͷΪԼΪϰĲˣ͸ϰ˵
Ҹ㴷ɡ˵žϰļͷϰ鲻˵
رۣȴ˵ֲڵøľͷһͷҲѧϰ黶ˡ

ɫ¹ݶķ϶Ｗ̽յһ䡣
źڰǽݶȥŪ׸ӻֱ졣⣬ף
̻ڳеϿ˸յҹͬ磬Ҳյͷϰͷ


12

죬ͷ絽˵̫ʱѾһͲˡ
Ѿʣ²ˣͷĹܸ꣬ͷ˰ϵĺˮ
ظͲˣۣҲܿ֡

ʱͷǰּ߳ˣͷȥѾǰ
ͷĻƣЩվߺһӣͷ̧ȴЩ
Լ

ڵתתúúõͲ˸ߵקɢˣýȡ
ͷͣĻɢ˵ͲźáǣǰŸߣ
ְͲקɢˣضǡ

ͷվһתסߣЩ˻ڵǿʱͷ
Ĳt㣬һӲtϴǷŭģ
Ҳϵģ˵ϸס֣ҵȥ
Ͳˣ

Щ￴տͷͷվڲtϣź
Ǻ˿ͷ໥ţǱͷΪˣЦ
ӣϽ¸þˡ

ͷٺĵͲ̻ùͷǰĿ꣬ʵ
˽࣬Ȼȼšһһ̻˲Զĵط
ըŨҵĻҩζըЩ˵˫ֵۣһ
ͷ˿ǣȡһ˫Ͳģȼţθ
ȼһ˵·ҩǺǳϱڻҩѬȾ޳
ţɵɵ໥ţ˵ûŪ׾ʲô
¡

ͷﴫͷ˵ܣ˷·˴⣬
ֻȥһûӰ

ͷӲtվ͵ϰ顣ͷ˷ϰĸ첲
˵ûˣǴˡ

ϰ鵣ĵ˵᲻ըأ˾鷳ˡ

ͷ˵ˣҲոƤˡ

𣿡ϰȻЩġ

ͷ϶˵

ϰŷģҪͷµأɱͷֹˣͷ˵ӽ
ϲˡ

ϰ鿴˿ЩΪѣԴͷϰŷԼ
ͷȥΣÿζĻңϰʶԼܵǸߣ
Ըһľͻţ໹ãһͷΡ

ͷϰΪѣ˵ֻһ죬˵ʵڵģҲӦÿӣ
ѾʰˣסĵطʶˣҲƯˣȥ֪
ˡͷ˵Ц

ϰ֪ԼѾ£ͷ˵ﻹǺܸˡ

ͷĲ£ϰϲt˾񣬿ʼ￴ȷ
ͷ˵ģԼסСɾˣµľ廹ɢµζ
ıӽˡ̸ǾľϣͷһСϷǸ
չޣչʻѾȻʧɫ

ϰ˵Լˣ

ͷ϶صͷ

ϰ˵ԼλȷԼǼéݺöˡ

ϰָͷϵ㡣ͷλܼªҵ̯ڵذϣֻ
ͷ߷һСͷĵطʮͰһֵ̻
鿴Щ̻˵Щ̻û°ɣ

ͷ㶵ؿϰ飬֪˵Щʲô

˵ϰ˿ĭ˵Щ̻ͷߣ̣
ɲġ

û¡ͷŪϰ˼ЦЦҺСĵġ

tŻԣѩ׵Ļǰҡҷɢ˵㣬ϰ
ժһ꣬Ž׽š

ΪͷһЩ֦ǶܣȥǴ֦⡣

ϰ˵Ҳסɡ

ͷ۾˵ɲС

ϰæ˵Ϊɶ

ͷ˵Ͼޣ
ҡˣҼǵãʱۼǸǸŪɢˡ˵ͷЦ


ͷӣ춼Щʲôϰ˺ΣҪ
ͷֱͷ׽סˣǰϰòУ֪ͷ
Ҫʲô

ͷʲôҲûɣͷϰ֣˵Ұ¥ݸ޺ú
Ϳʽסˡͷ˵ĲtͷӺ֣
£ǰԲľϣֽŽץסľͷĽŵıڻ
Ȼͷֽɿӻȥϰ鿴ľֱͷŵأ
ųһľϣ·ûһˡ

13

Ͳոĵ죬ͷţˣͷǰ

ϣͷǱϰļѵġһΣͷԼر
ӾǹǦ϶붯ͷ룬Ͳ۵ģЪ
һЪͻȥġ

ͷǰ龰Ҳһͷţڵϣţͷ
һԶĵطţӱǿˣһѣɢŵζֻ
Ӭ˽ϱϰ̱ڵϣɸƵķͷæܹ
ȥϰ¶ͳ裬ϰ£ǰĦǴأ˺һ
ϰѹɻǺҲ˵䡣ͷϰ鱧
ѱӸϣѱҴҴϰǰ˰߳ȥ

ͷΧţʬ忴ʵŪͷţôԼǰġ
ͷ֪ǱǶģѰ쵽ͷ󼸺û˩
ӵ㺬˶ҩʳͿ԰쵽ţһֱ˩ŵģȦéݵĺ
棬ѵǰţӺȦǣǰɱˣҪŪ
죬һҲԼĴΣˣͷͷ
ð˺ԼͷʼԼԼ̰˯ų
¡

ţʱͷţȥĺڻͻеĸٰһСС
ͷȼ㣬򵥵ʳ룬ȥŪһݣ
кڻϲԵĹͷһˡͷűǵţͻȻЩ
ģöԲסЩԭּ·ģ
ǣǰһȥ͸սۿսһ
ߵһͷŭռȫʶʱķŭͨ
ǹйȥͨ˵йȥڣ֪ô
ֻϾԼСԼ羿
ôˣ

ţͷ룬ţĹѨĽԣһӡȻ
˴̣˻£Żȥ

ϣϰ龪µ˯žͷϰϣ£ϰ
ӹӤͷһ۶ģ
һûɱŮˣһǱŻˡѱϣ
ȴϰסˣϰŤһʵϰ˵ǻ᲻
ͷţһɱԴӵһߡ

Ǹңͷοϰ飬ǲŻǣЩ
ߡ

ǰѺڻɱˣҲɱˣڰţҲɱˣ²ֵˡ
ϰ˵ſֽץͷӲеҶ

뵽ˣֲţǲҶôšͷ˵

ǣ˵Ǩһ̫̫ߣͱѹˡ

ͷҲ˵£ҲֹһǼοϰ飬˵
ͰͣԼû˵ͷ˵ȥ
ɡ
أϰʡ

ҵȵոͻȥͷ˵

ǻһǱ߰ɣܲˣϰڴĿͷ

ͷϰģֻ˵ٵһ£ҲܿǾ
ܻȥˡ

ϰŰ˯£ͷʼûɿ

14

ͷȥ˼˳󳵴󳵵̻ͷЩ̻ذڷ
ǰôһƬװһǵͷоԼ
ֻصս˵ǿֻˡ

Щ죬ͷվԼĲt¿Ϳϱǿ鼯˺ܶ
һЩ˶ָָ㡣˵ֱǿ¾Ҫ
жˡʱ䣬ѹ˼Ҫʱޡԭ
չãڵѾȥˡ

ͷµЩ̻иװµѿʼȡ
ѻͷĻݺ䴩ǴŻɫ·ϣ
ϲֻе˽ǰźһôͻȻһ
ܾŵϰ飬Щ죬ϰƺˣ·Ŀİر
ܾκһССľᾪϰƵӣίڵ
ϣ¶ֵĹ⡣ͷźܣȰضȥҲ
ȥ

ͷĿϰתԶĵطͿǱͣһ
³߹߽ˣͷϳһϴľ졣

ͷĻͷû̧쿴æһӣľ
˵Ūô̻ʲô

ͷ˵

˵ЩΣƷŪôǲб;

ͷ̧ͷǸ죬˵̻𣿡

˵˵Щİֻ֪ͣһŪô
̻ʲô

£ͷ˵ףʮ꣬Ҳڷ̻ף𡣡

Ҿб;Ʃ˵ᾯĻû˵꣬ϵ
꾯˵ǽӵ˵̻ˣǲ

˭ˣܵˣզжҵ̻ܲ˵


һᣬʼͷƵͲһ̶СϵĶͲ
װǵע⣬ͷʲô;

ûʲô;ͷһǸСҰõġ

ǰɣ꾯װǰͲĿھֿЩ̻
ˣЩ̻װЩͲͳɶܻˣǰɣ

ͷֻܸԼĻ

ΥˣΣƷҪûյġ

ᾯ϶ΣƷװϳص̻ͷûа
̻ΣƷûա

ʱ꾯ͷǰ˵ϴθ˵ģǰ
ˣٽȥҶѰ죬ѫ²Զ㡣˵Ϊ̻
ֹ˼ҵĲǨ𣡡

ͷ˵ëϯҲһΪ־ԸͿֹԳʵԡ

ЩЦõؿͷ˵Ҵûǿͷ
Ժ㻹ԼСİɡ˵꣬ľˡ

ϰһֱͷ˵ˣŶ߳˵
ǲǾҲҪץˣ

Ϊɶץǣûͷסϰ֡

ûаҪߣϰ˵

ǲзͷϰͣ˵Ȿ۵ĵأûͬ
ߡ

˼һ˵۷ˣȻôϰִֵ˵

ͷϰ飬ʱ䣬ϰͷװˣͷϵԽԽ
ӾֻܾСϰ۾ȥҪϡ

ͷ˵㻹ǻȥɣҴ绰㡣 ˵žȥ
ֻ

ͷֱϰץסˣϰ˵ҲߣҵʱҾ
Լ˵һһӵģŶҡ

ϰĻͷıᣬŤͷ۾ϻ¡

ϰ˵ǲ붪ҲܣԼȥңӡ

ͷЦˣЦһƾѼźĲˣһһģοϰ飬
ϰ΢΢ۣѴӸղŵľܳˡ

15

ƺԽԽţͷӿսٵζͷһҲ
иҹ¥ϣܱߵÿһءѾˣ
¥һͷȵú䤱ֻƺҲܲȣ
һ

СΨһĻ顣ͷóվ
ϣֻС۾ؿĺӣӹһ
ͷϧ룬ԼĲ豭СǰСԴȥ̽
ʱǺᶼˡ

ͷСŵڵذ˻ᣬˣߵҲ
Ҫˡ³ͺˣϽʱ򣬼ˮ֡УѼź
ˮλ̫ˣԼںõѾ˵סú³꣬ˮλǾ
Խϰġءˡ

Ȼͷһӵ˵ڵ뷨꣬ͻӳЩ
Ľ͸սһܻȡжġͷ
ˣǵǸѪյˣȻЩ̣ǶԼ
սĴ־塣

ûȴӭһ𡣻Ϸģͷľ
µߴͷվǱߵѾ
һƬ𺣣ѰնպˡͷĿİ¥һǳһܵ
Żĵط˵ýŲȣǳ¹ӣ˴򡣿һЧ
ûУͷµﻹһЩˮûйߣͷͰ·ʪˮ
ŻϣһһˣӶչˣͷܣմ
˻ҳͷҲˣ۽һţǺˮĶͷϡϰʱ
ͷһ߿һܣ·һŵĵľż

ˣѳɷһЩطð̡һƬûյҴ
ӹվڷһٺĺӣֵĿܡرѾ˺
ˣЩͬĿͷͷڵرߣѪ˿۾ֱֱģǰ
ĳطһ

ͷ죬ͷһ㣬ݵö
ΣվվȡͷСһҳ˵㶫ҡȥ
ʮĶѾɻҳѾոͲ赲˻ƣǵס
ҲᱻյģҲЩԭǵסյģϼһ
һһġ

ͷȥһϣһͬˣͷ
ָʾæһӣͳĹһϰԶͿˣ
дšѼ塱ͷдĴƲͬдƯˣ
͸·ߵĹһƯĿ

16

ͷЩӦðһ£ǰÿսʱǰʲô
أͷĵĵϰ飬ϰҲ뵽ⳡµ¼У
ϰһӸԼܹ˻ҪԼ£뵽һͷ
оΡľźӹһݵ꣬л
ӻϰ飬Ϻ仰һҪ˵ϰ

һ˳ϰôҲͬȥͷþ˿࣬ϰһ仰
Ҳߣ㲻Ҳߡͷܿա

ͷȥһ˳һԡϰڷǰݺʰ·
ͷϵļʮëë촻ͿƤ٣Ϊȱˮһˣֻʣ¹
ͺͺɣģϰͰεϰΪȴŭͷ
ͷϰ󳳴֣˵ϰֵúúõŪˣ˵ϰҲ
һģ̴ˤˡ

ϰûмͷôƢЩͷԣſͷ
ر˴̼ȥͷĶͷͷƿˣͷ˵
ҡ

ϰЩί˵ͷӣַɶ񾭣

ͷǰ˼Ȧվˣϰ鿴ϰƺƵġ

ϰ˵㲻Ǿܴ̼˰ɣ

ͷͻȻЦСˮҲͷ˵
Զ㣬֪һġ

ϰԾ˵ͷӵʧķˣҸ˭һģϰ飬
㿴ûС

ͷؿбϰ飬˵ҵȻʶ㣬ϰ֣ͷ
˵㣬Һ㣬㣬˴ˣҵսѣ
ûҵĹٴĹ࣬ϾֳˣҺ㣬һɨ
ǡ

ϰؿͷЩ£˵ĿĻ

ͷϰ飬˵㣬һǰ̧ͷҲ
ٿ㣬Զ㣬ھߡ

ϰᡣתһˣ첲ϼһС
ûͷԹˡ

ͷϰӰڹǱʧִԼ⡣
ҲãûǣˣԺúøԼˡ

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