                           ˿µϣ2015115գ

15.01.11-14ûи
15.01.15, ˿20151º
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󼸸ּŭ˵ܿһǶ⣬һ䣺Ůˣ
ҵ͵ӡС֣Ҳˣһץס֣ô
أƾʲôˣôҲСָ֣ͷϣ
Ҹ㣬ǰˣᣬС֣ĵ˵һ䣬˦֡

һеķ⣬һίȥ̱ڵϡС֣ŵܿ
˽㣬ߡܿȴ˦ĸ첲ȥôˣ
һ̯⣬޴ܿ뱧ذ
һԵС֣˵죬֡

ڴϣɴ˫컨壬С֣еܿߣܿߣԼ
ٴᡣС֣ϵֿܿе㵣ĵ˵ɵСĵ㡣
ܿ˵ͷ

ѵһˣС֣ˣתͷŵܿס˵
Բ𣬸ղŲӦô㣬ԲǰǸŮˣҺٴ
ʧȥ㣬Һһٴݡ

뵽ǰǸŮ˰ȫ˵Ǯƭ⣬ʮ̵Ĺײı10
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Ů˵Σ߽ܿһѾһ漣Եܿĵġ
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ҲŮˣģֻҪãͻһӡ⻰һ
裬ַԼؿϣ۾ܿͷԼ
ϣ˵ָԼҵĿسġ



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֨һתͷŰµ˯£ͷɢŽѾ
ӣ·ҹɫпƮȥԽԽ
ָաһʩħϻžӨ顣
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ܿؽһôˣ

ἫͣķְѵʶһӾ£
嶶һ£ʵ˭

ܿЦˣɿ֣յǰ˵˭

ģϤУ޵Գʥϸ
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ƭӣƭǮģʹͨˣҵǮһƭ⣬
ǸŮˣŮˣƭǮƭǮ

ĵڷˣʼûιǸŮ˵Ӱǻ֮
ȥһب֮䡣뵽ȴҪһ֮һ
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һ£Цˣ˵в𣿡

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һֶغУܿ룬ЦЦ˶ô̤ʵ

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ܿʵҲõôƯ˭Ūģרҵʦ𣿡

ҡҡͷҰŪģҲ̫ǰɡ

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ֵؿһ۵ܿĿһӱ׺ݡܿһ֪Ϊʲ
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ĸˣܿЩԻˣΪʲôʲô
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ȥһţȫֳƱϷΧһУ
Ҳ˵ܿĴڡ

ܿĵشӻ߳ƹǽǶϸ
ѰϵÿһǮܿų˻԰ЬͰɿشܳҡ



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ҳֻǷ֨֨ĽЬЩ򻬣üΣ㻬
תͷĹˣټĻ԰˸ָǸɵĲ輸Ŷ
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ȷˡһҲţ޵̤ʵ㣬ƺҪһУ
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԰ȡذףĵڣƤһӣ
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ץʲôҲûץǵطģӣƤˣ
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꿪ʼһηչһһΡһΣǰһ꣬һһ
Ρʱ°ĭ֫鴤׵Ķںڵģڵ²ʡ
һԶָһأ˺ͻ¶ȵʱͻĭ
һֳӴˣһͻ¶ȣ¶㵨ľ
Ī˵߳ˮûУֱʯ¦֡

¶ŲͶôŲͶһʱ
˻¶ͷ۵⡣İɣ⣬һȥü
Ǯİɣ̫ɧͬһȥüǮ
Ļģ˶̫ϧͷһ΢ӡ
˲ˣ¶ĸ벻һѸߴ
ɺͳǲϻǲϣǸԽ⡣

¶ߺʽȥġǰڱ֮е
޾ǡߺ죬¶ʾ֭ȥ֮ʣϼһ
ţȥĸ֣ĸ鷢ÿҪˡ
̫ʱˣүҪ츣డڶ죬
̫׼Ȼð֮踣ظɽԽ
ϼ

ҹԽԽԽԽ䣬Խ̸ԽͶԽ̸Խ˼
ʱʯ¦һ§ס¶¶΢΢һ£ʯ¦Ū

¶᲻ᷢ񲣿

ʯ¦ţҪҲţ񲣬ôᷢ񲣿ˣǲ


¶

ʯ¦ǲǸˣ׵񲣿

¶Ϲ˵ô˵ˣҲҪˣ

ʯ¦ĸģҪҲĸ񲡣

¶񲰡񲰡ô񲲻

ʯ¦ȻֺУȴѰǲѰʣûǮѰûǮʣ
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Ÿĸѧϰ׽Сޣﵽצ֮󣬰ŪŪȥȴ֪
Ӻδ죬ֱĸް˺һӣҵĵطʯ¦
ʱСޣŪŪȥ޷뻨¶ϵǸӡ¶ʯ
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ֶǧᣬʯ¦Ŀӣʱϣʱ˳£
ޱȵ˴ӵӵọ́˫˫ĸ߳

±ϣ¶ʯ¦˵Ӣ۾ӢŪ

ʯ¦˵ӢŪŪӢۡ

黨¶šһʯ¦ͷС

ʯ¦һѻ¶ͷСĸ

¶ͷֱС

ʯ¦ͷɧСĸ

¶ͷ

ʯ¦ͷĸ

¶ҪԶҵС

ʯ¦ҪԶҵСĸ

¶Ҫҵˣ

ʯ¦Ҫҵ

¶Ҫˡ

ʯ¦ҲҪˡ

¶һΡ

ʯ¦񲣡

ʯ¦¶ϣ϶Ϊһ·еһСҵ



¶̥֮ʣʯ¦ţӳ֮º
ߺ֮УҰϳһöҰ

طףǰܣҲһ꣬ײܸļޣ治
żһ᲻档ǰʬδ¶Ӿͱ˸ֹ治
ֱݡżҼʹҲҪ˵ǣǰǼ
ϸͶӣʮʱүȥЭ󣬲


ͽʵͽˣΪѻ¶ҲûΪѡ˵ƽ
¶Тǡǰµغͷӣ˹֤ˣۼˣ
ʣֳݣ͸ùǡùʮָжǵûΪ˷ӣ
Ϊļױ

ӭ죬ʯ¦û֣Ҳû̧ӣֻǸԼ¶
̫һѡǰʯ¦Σѻ¶Ķɽ
Ժ

ʱ򣬷С

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̫ǲϴ£ͲûʲôˡѰߣʮ
ָֻС첲ϣ޳ˣû˵ǲָ
ߣļ޵Ĳǻ¶·Ҫȥĵط˼ǻӡ

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ɿ㣬ʱʯ¦ͷųǰţ̫ļʯ¦Ҽ
ϣһȫʯ¦ǰء

ʯ¦һ̫ɽԺ

ڶСϡ

ǰԷ㣬һ۷ðݣƨƨǰ
壬·ᵽĸɧζҪģԻӼޣƽм
Է;

ԴӱƤϷ鷢ܴ仯˹Ƶή
Ҳĥĥ䲻ԸšȻޣǻ·һ·޾ɣ
Ŀĵأĸ䲻޶ԣȴƣ,ٶ,ͦ,ͦ
,ö䡣

ͬʱ¶ҲԸţٴαϷеγУʯ
¦ϵġͻ¶׳ϸһ֮󣬳Ѫܣʯ¦ÿ
ҪǰСƺĻᡣѸǰǷǶ࣬Ŷ޷ա¶Ŷǳ
Ļᡣѵô̫Ż˯

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һأʯ¦һҹֱ̫ҹ˯ȥŵ֡νѵ
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ҹ̫˯죬˰Ѵ̫Ҳ֪

ڻ¶Դ֮£ʯ¦ıԽԽһͷȥذѻ¶
ڵûȥܿոȷļɡ

¶յļɺ;飬ǰڵģǰļɺ;飬ү֣
ָףѧġǰ뻨¶ļɣѧģϻѧ
õġǻ¶ǰԵʦǰǻ¶Եʦ¶ʯ¦Եʦ
ʯ¦ǰˣڴϵ³̶ȣԶԶ¶ǰ򣬲
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ǰŮȻⲻȫʯ¦ľӣڻ¶ӡ
ʯ¦ӳɻ֮ߣڻ¶֮֡

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ףǵȵǳ졣ײ㣬ǰ˵̫ɧ
꣬䣬ɧҲܻӷһЩʱҰ׳ԣܻ
Եġһ굽ͷѵóһ⣬ɧϾ⣬ŵɽ
Ƥͷգζǲġ

˰꣬ˣϳţȥ¶˵ժ˰
ϣһΣιػƹϵ¶һ·ʯ¦һ
·̫ϣôϵɽԺ

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¦Ȼۣʯ¦ϵ̫ۣȫ飬
ѽڵˣּֿʣʱ޷֮ʵʵſʯ¦ϡ

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ȣһû׼ϣһȫ嶼ĺУһ
ͷײݱߵʣײһ󶴣ڲ˵һڶʱ
׵񵰡

ţʯ¦ӱš̫߸߾ƺҪ̫ӳȥŻ¶
һУ̫ŵϡ

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ǿʱ

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¶ʯ¦˵ɲô˵ѾӣҪ
Լ׹⣬һˣһ˲˵



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֡

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αٹ֮ĸλĺ壬ȴδüѡһ
ͷӰȻⲻܹԴûͷԡҪ־͹ˣ˵
ùֻ¶ǰ򡣻˵ҲֲȻвȴ벻ԼͻȻ
ʹѡӰ뷨Ҳʵʩɥ֮ʹ鰮֮Ļ¶
Ͼ˼£Ȼѳ⣬ѳʺ

ûӺθأ

¶ΪΩһİ취һͷСǣС۸񲻷ƣ
Ҫһز֣ɱܸߡ¶Ը⻨ǮҲǮ
ʯ¦뻨Ǯ¶ԽԽۼҪһ죬Ǯĵط
ȥ¶ǵʣ޼

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ˣͷĸһ𡣿ʼÿʳº
ʯ¦ʳͷСɿеڶιÿһ
ʳºʯ¦һͷʳСɿͷʤ
Сι

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ߣֳ߳װͰ͵ģ񹷼Ҳƨ

Ұһڴ죬һ֣ɹĸʮ̥С
ȫɻһٴ·ԲʮĸʺСɻ¼

Ұɧ죬֮֮սսǿЧߡ൱
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֮ʣʯ¦ĸܵ㾫ʲô׬ˡ

Ȼʢһ굽ͷôɣҲ͸֧ʱʱ򣬳˼
ǿӪҪʯ¦һѡ缷ްƤĻòƤϵ
㣻°ĦƤʹӲ𣻱ץͷһ
һתȵȡЩ侫ʡʱĸû
״̬Уܾ䣬ʱʯ¦ҲҪһѡָĸ鷿
ͷʺߡȵȡ

ʯ¦һеʱרעׯϵģñǶġ쵰
Ļһһģ·š۴ﶬѩֻҪ
ʯ¦ʼմŲñȳɡִñʯ¦Ϊһصķ


˲ñýͷϴҵ־

ֵı꣬ǮǮûǮס⡢ϡǡ
ǣֵǮĶС

һλѸǮҲ˵Ȳ븶ǮҲ͸
ӡĸ䣬Ǳʯ¦Ѹ

֮ܶʯ¦ӹ൱󣬳ɽţСš



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ڶ˵ɣǿҲʮǿǿ
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ҹ·һڣɱҲƶ벽

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Ӧ֮ʯ¦ڶݰ

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е֫ͷһߣƳһװû⡣Ǹ
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ҲóԵģôġֲãҲҳš

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һֺͼ߻ʯ¦Ʒѣ˵͹˵
ǸԼδɹʯ¦ȴģףĲݡ

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ûиõġ뵽ţϱϸţͯϱİ˵
ɶӣȴҲվС

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Ȼûб̬ʯ¦ӳģΪ黹ûҵźϸš

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ʢʯ¦

ûɱҲûѼ

ʯ¦Ժʡ

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ɳˣ޷졣Сһ굽ͷҲֻܳԸ
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νΪŮΪĸ԰æտã𵽰
ĸףáԣϸ֮ơ

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ϸŵͷ

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ɽԺˣȥ˲˵سɽԺ˶ԣǴطǽ
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ٸ̫͹пǵУѾ
Ů鳤һÿӻιΣϵ֥飬մ춼ǣ
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˵㡣֪ùϸţһݡ͡

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߳Է¿㲻ʱܲȻЦһ£
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ϸܵĺ飬һӿ˺þòſϡ¶ͬ棬
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е㻵㲻ǺˣҺ㡣

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Դô˵ҲǸ˵еľˣҲľ
ˣҪȣоûˣвˣ㻹ܻ𣬿죬
̫£񡣡

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ʯ¦һ

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ɽԺһһ˼һʱᳯ¿ˮ
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ޣһ

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գοʯ¦ϸһʶǧȥ

ʯ¦ҡҡͷ̫һĺϸ

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̫еľˣҲľˣӽԺҪТ
үһТ˵ʲô㶼Ҫʲô㶼Ҫӣȸߵ
ͷ

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ʯ¦ԷͽгԷʯ¦һ¾ͱһ¡̫ʯ¦ȲҲ
⣬ĿУܾȲ۶Сʯ¦Ǹİˡ

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ײһĻ̫ҪͶͱ̶ͬӡϧһĻһ
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̫ܲܲùȥϸţ

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ͳѾëļʯ¦һգﳤȥ

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δŮߴŮĹ͡

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ƹϵˡ

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ϡЩ˼˶ֻͲˡʯ¦Ҿ
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˲һͷĳɱ൱ͷѬ
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سǲͣɽԺд˼ҳԲͣһʮի
ֻʯ¦Ի磬ͳȻس㡣

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򷱶ࡣһ棬ҪѡջĶӣӹ϶ʹ
ȫùɡһ棬ҪѡϺõŴףȪˮƣ
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ʢƴף͸֮󣬷ܲɡϸɡӸɵȸɲˣٷ׾ƣ
׿ûܷ⣬һҼʳá

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ʵùǶƲ֮ûɶ˿ɳԣֻܲͲͳù
Ҳ治áܻ뷽跨һЩǰ󡣲
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Ǵκͳɽù䣬Դ̵ı˿
ɫζȫĳݡ¶ÿһ̳ùؽѴ棬ר
ݡ

˷ʢͣҲûϣڹ뷿ᡣ

¶Ȱĸһ죬һЩ
֪ܣܣ˵ܣҪԣ
֣һٲԶûţһߣ֪ʲôʱܻؼҳҹ

棬һԲ

üͷ̫ҴҰ˼ڷŹ

ϸ֮ȷ̫䣬ƻٻͷѣ
ѣһһѣѼһֻ̫һŰѿҹ߳
⣬ҹβܳɣ̫

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ɣĴָʳָסΣ촽᳤磬͵һ
һͬʱʬ죬ãֶƱ֨һһھ
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ѵˮҨһĴָʳָСסΣ۾֨һ
죬һݿٶƱͬ۾֨
һһھơ

Եýζģ̫µãǺܸ˽ȥϸţ
ǰꡣ

Ȼ˻Ƶգߵ죬ȴʮֹ죬һһ
һꡣ

ɸɽԺӹһʯ¦һʮ⣬
ҵ⣬ҵļѼҲ⣬ҵĸ
һ۷⣬ʺ߹֮ܶʯ¦һιˣ
˻Ǽ󣬶ڳһԶֺļơҵ
ĸֵ˽ڣĸʱ룬൱ʮ꣬ʮʮ
䣬дѺˣʱʺߺ͹ˡ



ʱ˺꣬͡ʱҴʯ¦ͻš

һݲݳԹ⣨緹ʯ¦ߴٹ·ˡǰ棬
ʯ¦棬ʯ¦棬̫ڹ棬ҹ̫
棬¶ڿҹ档

ҹλòһɲģһڵ˸ǰһڵǸ
档

ߵڣ¶סͷ·
˼ҼҪ²˶٣˵м
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˵ͷۿתһͷˡ

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٣һֱ˵һһ顣ڳסʱ̫ɽԺסٽ
ɽԺ̫ȥҲһɽԺչ˻¶

¶ѾϵеݣΪܵ˵ʲô˭Ҳ
Ϊø˵ʲôҲ˲ࡣ¶ܳ
˯һˮðкôƽ뾡ТҲ޴Ӿ

¶ݵʣ޼ʱԲˣٰȡʯ¦
˼ûΪµݵĵĮʱǻ
뵽ϡ

Ǻ˱仯ֲ̫˼顣ӣ¶
һȥëŸ̫̫ĥĥһû󰭣
ڶûֵ粽е岿೵ˡ

ƽԹʵо»Լͥʵа»Խһ
ͳͳסһһ𡣹һ̫۷Ź⣬ƵأΧ
תϽֵʱ򣬸óԵģԷʱóԵģϴ
ٳٲߣʾ˯ˣȥ

̫עӰ죬̫ί̫ǲΪȻ
ѼΣѣ֮֮ʵϲ̫ΧΧ

Сʱ̫Ӱ㻤Լίʱ̫֣
۸ʱ̫Ϊ򱧲ƽԲù÷̫նɽɣ
ݣ̫ѣ̫צ
׽ϵǺϵʯͷͣɽԺܳģ
̫߾ȫ

ȻزǰǺ̫һ𣬹ҵ˻صǰĸоо
ԣ޷԰ΣôšҪڸ̫ʢϴ·
Сʱ̫ķ·ʢϴ

Ůǿ˵ʲôҴƽû˵ʲôǸ˵ƽ
ͥžȨһ˵㣬һ䶥һ䡣

ģѻ¶иھӣס˼졣ΪԼһǣ̫
᲻˼ɽԺһȥͷҲûС֤ٵĲ
⣬ӲͷƤס죬ĿǴûȵĳ

ʵڿȥٿȥһֻҲҪϹˡŸᣬƽ
״ƽӦ࣬ѵüǣһ¶ݣסһ죬
ҪȥģΪ˵ȴƽס졣ڼ䣬̫ٲڣÿ
ڹ̸ЦʮһŻأϴ˯Ī˵
·һ¡أɩɩнеУȴۿ̫ߵ
߸Ӱ档ϲֱϵѾ
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ƽգοڣҵУҵУֱĶ
⣬дұӻף˵ʲôءǴһ𣬼ûü
ȥҲûжֶţһֻ۱һֻ۰ɡٴֻһ
ֻ۾ұϣҲϹˣƽͷ͵Ϲӣȫ
û۲Ϊֻ¶۾ʱ¹¶ˮð
Ƕ۸ңǺãߣҲˣʲôû
ˡ

Ժ۴ƽôṳ̂һ

ٻŻ¶Ķ䣬Ӷʨ㣬̫͹ͼ
Ⱦһ˼ǣϸˡ

¶ƺˣ϶ˣڶܾʳҲȡ̫
Ѷϻأ󣬻¶ǲʳ󣬻
¶֮ǰ˫̫͹Ͳͣ䶯š

Ϊ¶лҪ˵֪壬ڱܺͺ棬Ƕ˹ĥŻ
׵Դ쵽ǰ¶ϣ¶Źָӵı飬ʹ
첲ֱָ˱Ϲһ£

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ƽ״죬ƽԻ

ƽβģϲԣǹ׼ɭƻأɴ֮
ԽԽ١ƽɽȻ򣬱Ͻԣƽһ
ԽҰͱˡԱɽԡ

ǴΣƽǷһͷҰ˶ޱȣһͷţëѩס
ƽҪǹҰͻȻŤͷһۡҰȻһ
ʶ㳤ŵôƽǹڵϡͬʱҰһ
춯صĺУ伸ŹʯƽǹҰʧӰ١

ƽӴ˶βϣ̫˵¡ƽ̫ĸӸ飬ͬ
Ѱ޻˵һ£ƽµ춨̫ɽһ
羴

Ǵƽң̫ϲơƽ
֪ĸ񾭳˴ңҪؼң취뾡ҲֹסɽԺĳ嶯
¿ȥһ̫̫ƽһ߽ҪôһҪô
²֣̫ʲôҲû˵Ȼѣҹ̫
ɽԺʱˣ̫ʪ͸

̫ʹƽ̸¡ƽ˵ΪʲôҼƣ
԰̫ЦЦӴǳƢԽ
Խޣ޻ˡ

иϸ̫ûߴƽߵڵҹ·
ҹ·¹ȴŵûɢﲻϴҰĺС
ҰĺûϵҰУڲͬǾĶǴݸ
ɥƣ˵Ĵƽȴſ˯º̫һ
ҶΪۻˣֻԼ֪Żˡ̫ҲǸˣ
Ұ˵һǿţԺûдҰûгԹҰ⡣
ƽôԣӰ졣

˴ƽԹҰ̫˰죬һĴȣͷҰ᲻
㹫⹫̫˵ʯ¦ʧٵľƽ˵ʮ
ȥˣţѾʮܻ꣬ô𣿡̫˵㹫
Բݣ˵ɽгϲݣǿǧ겻ܿܳ˳
ݡ

ƽӴ˶ԳϲݲŨȤνɽѰңһΣȥ޷
ʧããɽ


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

    ڶѧ˼

                        

һڶĸ

ʲôǡ

Ķ֮໥áì۵˵ì
໥á˵ɿͬһĲͬȻǡ֮
䡱Ȼ໥áһǲܡ໥ġ
֮໥þ͹һìܣˣì˫໥áĶ
κĹϵ֮Уˣ໥޴ڣҲ޴ڣ
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ĽìܵĽʹì˫ԷӦı仯ʵì
ĽҲì˫ԷӦı仯

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ˣʹöʱһָˣˣĿ
ȻҲ˼ά˵Ȼ
֮໥öǶ

壬ûж壬Ŀ㲻ڣûж
Ŀ壬Ҳ㲻ڣȱһɡ˫֮£ֻһǶ
ģνһĲ족

ڶΪ˵£Ȼ໥˫Ϊ壬Ҳ
Ϊ塣

綷ǡĳĳһκǾ
ĳԣûκ֮ǲڵģǷ·飬ǹĿ
巢õĶ󣬼һͬҲĳԡ嶷
Ҳ嶷˫ģ˵˫ġˣ
Եġվڿϣ嶷ʱͳ壬ԭ
ͳ˶Ķ󣬼˶Ŀ塣˵Լ
ڿ壬ıʱ򣬿ҲԼԣı塣໥ġ

ˣҲԵģǻΪԷ塣
˼˵ֻҪĳһΪĶ󡣡 
˼1844꾭ѧѧָ塷P122

ȻĶУˣȻ˸Ȼ
ȻĶ

վϣرǵΪʱ򣬶ҲǸ죬
ڶĸ죬ȻҲ໥ġ

˶Ȼĸһֶ˸ȻʱȻҲˣ
͹ͬʱеģ໥Ҳͬʱ
ġ

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һﶼǶԵĴһﶼԡ
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ʹ˱仯ӣǲ˵ˮзԣ
жҲаײ˺ˮķʹײ˺ˮ˱


ձģΪ֮ϵ͹ϵձġĶ
ȻȻĶûԾĿģֻȻȻ֮໥
ãĶˣ˵κжĿĵġ


ڷܶ

ĶǷ˵ֻܶˣȻ
νܶģ˵ķܶһĿģĿ꣬Ϊʲôܶˣʹ
÷ܶҪ

һֻܶˡ

Դ˵ܡ߷ɵ˼ֻԴ塣ڳ
ڵ巢չУܡ𽥵߷ɵԭ⣬ӽ־
ء

ִʹõġܡ֣ȷʵֻǡǿܶ롰
ȷʵȻ֮໥ã໥ôǿҲǷ
ΪܡһŬȡľǾ޴ľˣ
ܶĸ˷ܶ۵ľ޴Ŭ˼ڣȻ
ڣǲܷܶģΪûоû־
˵ܶȷʵֵظıˡ˼ġ
Ȼ֮໥ãֻܶˣȻνܶ
ģֻܶĶֻܷܶǸ
ڶ󣬴Ӷʹ˫Ӧı仯

ܶȻŷܶ۵ľ޴ŬڣҲͰ־
أ˵־ԾǷܶΪĳֳߵĿܶΪĳԭ
ʧˣֿԲΪֳߵĿܶˡ־Ȼ
֮໥ãĶû־Ĳ룬ֻ໥ã־
ﲻáǶΪ˻ﾳҲ˵Ƿܶ
ΪֻǱܣû־Ʒڡ

Ȼ񻰡ͯлʹ˻ַ޴ַʱȻ
ҲǿԷܶġʲô˾;˸񣬵ȻͿԷܶˡ
ˣͯУǸУκһﶼԾ˸񣬱
һֻӡʨӡˡƤˡ«ȵȱ߸˸Ҳ
ܶǵ˸߸ģеġʹ˻ַ
޴ַʱ趨ﾳУѾ˻ˣȻ;˸
ͶԷܶˡ磬ںΧ˵սУľŬǡľ
ꡱ˻ǸﾳУ˸ԾͿͬսʿһ
Χ˺Ĺ񵳾ˡ

ǣͯҲã˻ﾳҲãǵ˸
߸ģǱеģʵ磬趨ﾳ
Щ֮ɥʧ˸񣬲ܷܶˣҲͲΪܶˡ

ڶܶ룬ҪһܶĿꡢĿġ

ĶһˣûһԾĿġ
ܶˣκ˵жȻ롢ضһԾĿģĿ
꣬Ϊ˴ĳĿȥжġ

ˣܶҪһȽشĿģһЩԸĿ
ĵʵ֣һ㲻ʹ÷ܶĸ

ȽشĿ꣬ǳ֮Ϊ롣Ϊܶģû룬
ܶ

ڣ1952꣬ԼΪйܶ
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Ϊйܶź빲˹ͬΪйܶ
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ܶж󣬼ûзܶĶ󣬱ܶ

ĿġĿĴڱ谭ĿġĿɵ˻谭ĿġĿ
˻ǷܶĶ󣬾ǶĿ壬Ҳ˵ܶĴ롢
ĿġĿڵıҪû谭롢ĿġĿɵ˻Ĵڣ
ĿͲΪĿ꣬Ҳܶˡ

ˣû˶󣬼û˶֣ܶʧȥ壬Ҳ
Ŀˡȭû˶֣ǡģʹɳҲǶ֣
Ķ֡


ë󶫵ġܶ㡷

ë󶫵ġܶ㡷ܶطܶ
˷ܶ

үĿǣͬͬһ𣩵˼˼칲ͬ
ܶعͬܶ˹ͬܶѭȻ͹۹ɣ˺һͬǰ
ᵽ֣ܶһӦ˳ˣѭȻɵ˼

֮ү˼ǣë󶫵ġܶ㡷ǡ칲ͬܶع
ͬܶ˹ͬܶڡ˺һҷںۣ
үͰ졢شӶĶΪܶˡ

ڣܶǲǡ칲ͬܶطܶǲ
عͬܶ

ǰܶĸа˾޴Ŭڣ졢ز
ȻĴʣǲܷܶΪܶ塣
Ҫʹ졢ܡܶʹ졢ؾ˸񣬿졢ز˸
Ƿ˵ġôܶ

һ

ǹͬܶҪйͬķܶĿꡣ

ĳĳܶĳĳͬܶȫԵģ﷨ϡڴ
϶û⣬ү˵һ㡣Ҫһر
ǰᣬһͬܶĶһͬܶĿꡣ

˵ҪһͬķܶĿꡣ

ͬү˵ؿԷܶôһͬܶĿ
ʲô֪ë󶫵ķܶĿǡл¼֮ǿǧ
֮֮ʢȫ̫֮ƽë󶫡֮
ү⣬ءΪƽڷܶ20141124ү΢
˵صķܶĿǡƽ⡱

ү˵ëǹͬܶģôǹͬķܶĿӦ
ǡл¼֮ǿǧ֮֮ʢȫ
̫֮ƽֻƽ⡱ǰߣѵҲҪΪл¼֮ǿ
ǧ֮֮ʢȫ̫֮ƽܶǺ
ߣѵëҲҪΪƽ⡱ܶ

ëعͬܶ

ǹͬܶҪйͬķܶ󣬼

ͬܶǰйͬĵ˻йͬķܶĿ
ꡣʵһ£ΪĳַܶĿ谭ѣ
ĿɵĶǵˣЩЩȻ磬Щᣬ
Ȼ绹ᣬֻҪ谭ﵽĿģͶǵˡЩ˶ڹͬ
˫෽ǹͬġûһͬĶ˵Ϲͬܶġǰ
˵ġΪйܶй˾йͬķܶ
ġ

ë󶫼ͬ־ķܶǡǿǡš
塱ë󶫡֮۹ͷ⽨塣֮ͬ
ܶôصķܶǲҲǡǿҲǡš
塱

ܶĶ󣬻ԻĶǴﵽĿĵĵ·ϰ
Ϊƽڷܶү£ë󶫼عͬܶô
ë󶫵ķܶĿҲӦǡƽ⡱ѵˡǿ
š塱͡ƽ⡱ˣ

Ʋʡô̸ܶ˵졢
ԹͬܶôͬܶĶʲô˭ܶȻ
أȫǻҪ˭ܶأأȻ֮⻹
ʲôߣؿԹ֮ͬжĶأ

ӿѧѧǶ˵ءĸһȷеĸһģ
ĸ൱ڡ޵桱޵硱ĸɡ
޵桱޵硱ǡޡģ⡱ġ
ޡĩʲôܳΪطܶĶأУطܶĶ
ֻ֮ʲô֮⻹еʲôĩ
ػǡޡǡ⡱ǡ󡱣ﻹʲô
⡱С⡱ǾͲǡˡ֮⣬Īϵۣ
ϵΪܶĶ󣬱ذɣΪϵܵġˣ
ģôصķֻܶǡޡ롰ޡܶ͵ȡ
˷ܶ

ˣܶطܶܽΪعͬܶ

ġʯ

Ϊ֤졢ҲܷܶүȻӡ

үת໥໥ʲôأǴһ
תعͬܶ

ǰĵһعͬܶ乲ͬķܶʲô

໥ã໥໥Լڱ˷Ӷʹ˫
Ӧı仯ү߼ǣ໥ǡһ𡱣תǴ
أһͬܶ

ﻹǰȻ˻ǲܡܶģǰѾ˵ˡ
ң໥ãǴһ𡭡ͬܶϣ
͸Գ󡣿սйձ۹໥Ҳ
ã˵йձһͬܶ

ү̫ϵǣǺľǵĹ֮һСǴЩС
ԼУϵطײʱͻᱻײ򡭡
γʯꡣδȼ䵽ϣͳʯʯγ㲻ڷ


СԼĹУϵطײֻ֮໥
áСǡʱͻᱻײ򡭡γʯꡣδȼ䵽
ϣͳʯ⵱ȻҲ֮໥ãǡڷ
졢ءһĸ˵졢ءĸ൱
ڡ޵桱޵硱ĸˣءһĸ
Ǿʽءһġʽǲ
ͬĸʯСǵȵȶǸġʽڷܶ
ûзܶģʯСǵķܶܡܶĻǿ
жġ

ʯγ㲻ڷܶ

ʯγɵȻڷܶΪʯγɹֻȻ֮
໥õĽ֮໥ĽʯγֻǾʽ
ת

үȻκѧΪĺġ
ѧǶȽﶼġݿѧ㣬׳ڣ
뵽£ǵ̫һϡ

ү͵˸ǰġĺġָͷ
ġĺġָ򣩵Ĵʱ䡣ν
ָĴʱ䣬˵ֲ֮
ĸǲͬġﶼģָﶼ
𣬶ڵʱ䣬ѧǶȽҲǶ塣

ү50飡ΪమΧתΧ㿴
ˡǣô죿

ȻǾȻ̫򡪡Ĵʱ䣬û
˵ֻһ˻ı

ûȻĲܶȻҲ
ܷܶΪû˼룬ûһ־۷佨
ķ䳲Ľṹ֮ܣʹ˼Ľʦ磬Ҳֻǵı
ܣҲһڽ䳲ǰͷо˷䳲ӡŵĽ
ʦһʼͱɵ۷ĵط÷䷿ǰѾ
Լͷаˡ˼ʱۡһ£˵
˵ĻĿĵģʹ־ĿġͬϣȻ
Ҫ۵Ŭ

ȻĶûһ
Ŀģû־ֻǱܵĻǷ֮ܶ
ﶼܷܶôûȻ͸ܷܶˡ

үʫ䣺Ȱ칫ضӡȻùԼĿ˵
ҲȰȰ˲šɼȰ칫ضӡֻǽ
˻칫˸ҲͿԷܶˡ

ү̧˹غ䣺Ҳ㲻ֺôΪءҲ
죡غֻǱﱯߡ֮飬ΪĻᡰֺô
ޡ

үʣôֺôޣүһʵúãүĿ˵
һ䣺غأ𣿡

֮Ϊ޵ǲܷܶģ˻
񻰡ͯУس˸񻯵أſԷܶҲֻ񻰡ͯ
˻ﾳУʵС

үΪʲôĿڷܶ

үش𣺡£ΪƽڷܶΪ
㷽ӵ˼ܶŬԿתת
֮䣬ڶԿ𣿶ԿǷܶ𣿡20141124ү
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߶ѧѧѧȵǴУαү
Ҳ˲ˣ˵ĿȫлЦˡ

صġܶһߵĿꡪƽ⡣

˵տѧѧءһȷеġĸ
һģĸء൱ڡ޵桱޵硱
ĸءֻһʵ磬ҲͲܷܶ

ͬתתҡҲǶ˶ľȷ
ġģתתơүǶ
ΧƵתΧ̫תת̫ԲȦΧϵת
ϵΧƸϵתȵ˶ʽ
ҡүǶ֮ų⡢ײɢȵһЩ֮
໥ã໥ʽ

ʵ֡תתҡγɵ״̬
ƽ״̬磬ΧƵתΧ̫תתֻ̫
ԲȦΧϵתⲻƽ״̬

ǣүΪǡתתҡγɵ״̬
ǡƽ⡱״̬ػҪ١ܶﵽүΪġƽ⡱
״̬ôֻ˵תҡγɵ״̬ķ
ƽ⡣ķʲôأתתơķ棬첻زת
תǲơΧƵתˣΧ̫תתˣ̫
ԲȦΧϵתҲֹͣˣϵҲΧƸϵתˡȵȣ
ҡķǣǲ١ˣ֮ų⡢
ײɢһЩ໥ã໥ʽȵҲֹͣˡ

ʲô״̬Ǿֹ״̬ŵ档ү˵
תڷܶתҡе嶼
ܶе嶼μӽˡΪ˴ﵽƽ⡱е
ڡŬܶתתҡǵĿ
ʵˣڡƽ⡱ˡӴ̫ƽڿԶƽ⡱ȥˡ
Զˮһ̶һ顣ˮһ̶Ҳìܣ
һҲìܣƺˡô˵ɣԶչˣ
Զľֹ

ˣүνƽ⡱ʵľֹǾԵľֹ
ûڲìܶľֹ

үֹһεؿЦ˵֤ҵģǣүȴ
߼˼ȥˡ

үΪ֤ԼġŽѧءܶɡƽ⡱״̬
ġǣʹƽ״̬һŽᣬƽ⣨Žᣩ״̬Ҳֻʱġ
ɵ״̬ͬκ״̬һڲìܵĴڣƽᱻơ

ŽᡱҲ硰ܶһǾ־˲ʹõġڷ
˵Ȼ¶ڶҲǲʹáŽᡱĸġϡ۷䡢
ȺȵȵĻ˵ŽᣬƺйͬĿ꣬ͬĵˡ
ʵֻǶıܡֻҪ˵һ㣬Ϳ֤ǲŽᡣ˿Žᣬ
ҲԲŽᡣŽ˵־ġϡ۷ܹŽᡱ
ȺܹŽᡱ𣿲ܣֻܡŽᡱɼǵġŽᡱ
ҲΪŽᡱĻһŽᣬֻǱܣΪ־
á

ˣνƽ⡱ġŽᡱ໥γɵ
һ״̬ƽ״ֻ̬ʱģڲìܵãƽᱻƣ
ƽ档

κ໥öγһ״̬ǣκ״̬ʱġ
ү˵ġƽ⡱Ҳֻһʱ״̬ת
Ϊ״̬һ״̬תΪһ״̬ûһ״̬ǳġ
פġ

ǵ漴ʹġܶү˵ġƽ⡱һ죬Ҳֻ
һ̵Ľһ̵Ŀʼһ̾ìܶﵽĳ
ʱġԵƽ״̬ذµìܣ̺µĶһì
Ĺ̿ʼˡԶҲܴﵽ󡱵ƽ״̬

ķչӿռʱ˵޵ģκƽⶼֻʱģһì
ܷչ̽ˣһìܷչ̿ʼˡѭÿ
һ̶ìܵĶ̣ÿһ̶ʱġ


塢Ǵӡܶطܶзչ

ǲ졢عͬܶģ졢ֻ˵ķܶ졢޷Ǿ
ȻȻĹϵ˸ȻһֶǶ壬
Ȼǿ塣⣬ȻûĹϵ

ˣ˵ķܶӸ˵ǸȻȻܶΪ˸õظ
ȻõȻܶͱ˸õؽᣬΪ
һǲܶȻġ

Ӹ˵ǴӡܶطܶУڸȻĶ
У沢չġԶʱڣļϣѣ첻渲زء
f׶ˮϢʳŮ洲졷
Զ˵𣨡ļϣѣ첻渲زءɭִ
f׶𡱣ˮ죨ˮϢ񣨡ʳ
ԶಢδȻѹ塢ŵ֮
вӵĶҶʤˡԭʼܶط
ˡһֱڣũҪÿܶطܶ
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ʷȻܶһҲûֹͣ˵һӣһҲûֹͣ
˼˵κһ壬ֹͣͶ˵һ꣬ǼҲҪ
 ÿһСö֪ġͶӶǡܶ
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ϢĽ죬ũÿ궼Ҫ졢طܶط
رܶԣطܶرطܶʳ
ܶطܶĳɹũܶطܶǱ㶼Ҫ

භĸĿȻ磬˼˵ҪȻ硱
ǶȻĸ죬ȻġҲǸȻ

ǣ˼˵Ȼ硱ʲôǡȻ硱
Ȼ硱ǾֲġֵȻ磬ǡȻ磬ʵϾ
棬޵磬޵棬ⲻǡ졢ءĸ
Ȼ硱ǰѡءΪĶ󣬻Իܶ
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ΪʲôҪȻ硱Ի조Ȼ硱˵ı
ʹȻԴȻ˾ΪԼʹһ̲Ϣ
طܶ


붷

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˼ĳʶ

໥ձģȻ绹Լ˼ά໥öձġ
໥þǶˣҲձģȻ֮Ķ
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Ϊʵ룬Ϊ˿ѧоΪ˹᳹ţΪɹΪ
ʳգΪȡúóɼΪһƪģΪ˻һΪˡ֮
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˵һڽжΪֻжܽìܡ

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ˣʹȻгչҪһţһ뷢չ
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Ըġ˼ǧšȲУΪ˵ǻҲֻеܹЧ
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ԱҪ롯ġʲô൱Ķ߶
ԣҲд󡣵ΣȽϵķʽ֤йŵԽ
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صӦ汾˵˼·ϣѧȫͬ޶˹·ߡ
Ƚ϶ԣðֵ˼·ڡ֡һУӦ
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ѧĹ۵㣬ĸԡ磬Ӧм¼˵һΣʯ
ԪŮѧĿʯԪ˵ϣһָ߶ȶԿԵѧ
ķʽһֺõķʽ˿ʯԪĺõѧķʽ
ӦǸ߶ȶԿԣǽԵġΪѧķʽʵ˵ķʽ
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ӦĲʿģо˹ɭһƪ˹ɭĻ
һѧҳǸʱȥ˼ߵ˼룬
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ڶԻĹУʱʱ׼Լĸܡ

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ʷѧҺʷѧǵġϵۡڵ¹19¹ʷѧ
ϴ᲼ɭԡʷѧ۹ԴŴʷ׫׫д
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HistoryӮ˵ϡԺȡص۹⿴ʵ֤
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