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ߣAndrew Jea, MD
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ʥ˵ñԼɭս˹ͯҽԺGerald Tuiteʿͬ
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http://thejns.org/doi/full/10.3171/2015.12.PEDS15633

Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
Posted online on May 3, 2016.
Editorial: The positives of a negative study
Andrew Jea, MD
Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, and 
Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
ACCOMPANYING ARTICLE, EDITORIAL, AND RESPONSE DOIs: 
10.3171/2015.10.PEDS15271; 10.3171/2015.11.PEDS15623; and 
10.3171/2015.12.PEDS15710.

INCLUDE WHEN CITING Published online May 3, 2016; DOI: 
10.3171/2015.12.PEDS15633.

Dr. Gerald Tuite and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins All Children's 
Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida, have submitted an important 
study6 demonstrating the lack of efficacy of the controversial Xiao 
procedurea somatic-to-autonomic nerve transfer for improving bladder 
functionin children with myelomeningocele (MM) or 
lipomyelomeningocele (LMM). The study represents one of the few 
prospective randomized trials not only in pediatric neurosurgery, but 
also in neurosurgery in general. Beyond the surface reporting of an 
ineffectual surgical procedure, this study by Tuite et al.6 sheds 
light on many other salient topics related to clinical research, 
including ethics, scientific misconduct, scientific integrity, and the 
virtues of a negative study, which are just as impactful as its 
more evident primary outcome. The authors should be commended for this 
important work.

The Xiao procedure has received much attention from desperate parents 
of children with MM/LMM, pediatricians, urologists, and the lay press. 
Its fanfare extends beyond the field of neurosurgery. But was all this 
fanfare merited? The present well-executed study,6 along with the 
authors' prior work,7 contradicts widely cited studies4,5 that were 
reported to validate the efficacy and safety of the Xiao procedure. 
Perhaps a little more history about the inventor of the Xiao procedure 
is needed to put the current study in context and highlight why it is 
so significant. Interestingly, Dr. Chuan-Guo Xiao, a urologist and 
founder of the self-named Xiao procedure, is himself a polarizing 
figure.

Dr. Xiao conceived the idea for an innovative surgical procedure to 
restore bladder function in patients with MM, LMM, or spinal cord 
injury while working in the US under a National Institutes of Health 
grant in the late 1980s. In 1995 Xiao returned to China to perform 
clinical studies designed to demonstrate the efficacy of his newly 
described Xiao procedure. He benefited from the regulatory environment 
that governs China's large health care market and human experimentation. 
Through his own publications,8C13 Dr. Xiao claimed a 70%C90% rate of 
success in restoring bladder control. Yet these astonishing results 
have not been duplicated by any center outside of China. The zenith of 
Dr. Xiao's career was the opening of a private hospital dedicated 
exclusively to performing this procedure. He capitalized on medical 
tourism, where despairing foreigners, including Americans, would pay 
out of pocket to have this procedure performed. Unfortunately, the 
rest of his professional career and life plays out like a soap opera. 
In 2010, Dr. Xiao was accused and then arrested and convicted of 
hiring thugs to attack critics of his procedure, doubters of his 
academic credentials, and whistleblowers of research fraud and 
fabrication of data.3

Dr. Xiao was sentenced to five and a half months in prison. Since then, 
his voice may have been silenced, but his infamous legacy lives on. 
Since 2010, more than 250 patients in China who claim that the Xiao 
procedure does not work3 have been threatening further civil and 
criminal legal action against hospitals or Dr. Xiao directly. Moreover, 
there have been serious complications related to this procedure 
involving the sacrifice of functioning ventral nerve roots and 
subsequent loss of motor function.4C7

Scientific integrity encompasses a broad spectrum of responsibility, 
which includes deterring plagiarism, prohibiting the falsification of 
scientific data to support a priori conclusions (e.g., studies 
associating autism with vaccines), requiring full disclosure of all 
potential areas of bias (e.g., the initial clinical studies 
investigating the safety and efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein 
[BMP], for which authors failed to disclose significant financial 
relationships with the manufacturer of one form of BMP), curtailing 
scientific misconduct, and the mandate of editorial boards of 
scientific medical journals to publish high-quality science.2

Furthermore, there are too many pay-to-publish journals where the 
rigor of the peer-review process and quality control is questionable. 
At times, authors need to realize and accept that their work may not 
be suitable for publication as composed and that further work to 
improve or validate the message would be of benefit. A system must be 
put in place that properly monitors fraud and plagiarism, checks 
reasonable allegations and prosecutes libelous ones, and protects 
whistleblowers. The careers of clinicians and scientists, the future 
of the scientific method, and most importantly, the health, well-being, 
and lives of our patients are at stake.3

Lastly, I would like to make some brief comments on the positive 
aspects of a negative study. Significant author, editorial, and 
publisher biases exist toward publishing only studies that report 
positive results, where a hypothesis is confirmed and further research 
is inspired. On the contrary, there are likely many more studies that 
produce nonconfirmatory or negative, observations that refute current 
ideas or carefully constructed hypotheses, such as the present study.6 
These negative studiesarguably even more valuable in scienceare an 
integral part of scientific progress and deserve more focus.1 Obvious 
benefits of publishing negative results include reductions in 
duplicated efforts between various research groups; revelations of 
fundamental flaws in commonly used methods, drugs, or reagents; 
acceleration of the cycle of scientific progress; and the promotion of 
a culture of robustness, transparency, and openness, the noblest 
aspect of science.1 The reality of science is that it is untidy, 
complex, confusing, and imperfect; negative studies are the essence of 
the reality of science. A quote by Jules Verne, famed author and 
ostensibly the father of science fiction, summarizes my thoughts about 
negative studies: Science, my lad, is made up of mistakes, but they 
are mistakes which it is useful to make, because they lead little by 
little to the truth.

References

1.Anderson G, Sprott H, Olsen BR: Opinion: publish negative results. 
The Scientist January152013. 
(http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/33968/title/Opi
nion--Publish-Negative-Results/) [Accessed February 4, 2016]
2.Barr DB: Integrity in science. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17:123, 
2007 CrossRef
3.Editorial: A hammer blow to national ethics. Nature 467:884, 2010 
CrossRef, Medline
4.Peters KM, Gilmer H, Feber K, Girdler BJ, Nantau W, Trock G, et al.: 
US pilot study of lumbar to sacral nerve rerouting to restore voiding 
and bowel function in spina bifida: 3-year experience. Adv Urol 
2014:863209, 2014 CrossRef, Medline
5.Peters KM, Girdler B, Turzewski C, Trock G, Feber K, Nantau W, et al.: 
Outcomes of lumbar to sacral nerve rerouting for spina bifida. J Urol 
184:702C707, 2010 CrossRef, Medline
6.Tuite GF, Polsky EG, Homsy Y, Reilly MA, Carey CM, Winesett SP, et 
al.: Lack of efficacy of an intradural somatic-to-autonomic nerve 
anastomosis (Xiao procedure) for bladder control in children with 
myelomeningocele and lipomyelomeningocele: results of a prospective, 
randomized, double-blind study. J Neurosurg Pediatr [epub ahead of 
print May 3, 2016. DOI: 10.3171/201510.PEDS15271]
7.Tuite GF, Storrs BB, Homsy YL, Gaskill SJ, Polsky EG, Reilly MA, et 
al.: Attempted bladder reinnervation and creation of a scratch reflex 
for bladder emptying through a somatic-to-autonomic intradural 
anastomosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 12:80C86, 2013 Link
8.Wang HZ, Li SR, Wen C, Xiao CG, Su BY: Morphological changes of 
cholinergic nerve fibers in the urinary bladder after establishment of 
artificial somatic-autonomic reflex arc in rats. Neurosci Bull 23:277
C281, 2007 CrossRef, Medline
9.Xiao CG: Reinnervation for neurogenic bladder: historic review and 
introduction of a somatic-autonomic reflex pathway procedure for 
patients with spinal cord injury or spina bifida. Eur Urol 49:22C29, 
2006 CrossRef, Medline
10.Xiao CG, de Groat WC, Godec CJ, Dai C, Xiao Q: Skin-CNS-bladder 
reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury and its 
underlying mechanisms. J Urol 162:3 Pt 1936C942, 1999 CrossRef, 
Medline
11.Xiao CG, Du MX, Dai C, Li B, Nitti VW, de Groat WC: An artificial 
somatic-central nervous system-autonomic reflex pathway for 
controllable micturition after spinal cord injury: preliminary results 
in 15 patients. J Urol 170:4 Pt 11237C1241, 2003 CrossRef, Medline
12.Xiao CG, Du MX, Li B, Liu Z, Chen M, Chen ZH, et al.: An artificial 
somatic-autonomic reflex pathway procedure for bladder control in 
children with spina bifida. J Urol 173:2112C2116, 2005 CrossRef, 
Medline
13.Xiao CG, Godec CJ: A possible new reflex pathway for micturition 
after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 32:300C307, 1994 CrossRef, 
Medline

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ᣬ޺ġǵлøĲ𣬶лøǴ󶹹еģ
ӵĵлøҲ޺ġ

ǲݸ좡ڻѧУĶԽ൱ʳΣҼ
ǰȫġΪħת򣬲ݸҲħˣʵ
ȫ磬תҲʹòݸ좡

˼ǣʰ֢оѲݸȷΪ2A°ȫ
ѧԼܻۡ

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°ĳ̶ȡȷɡ͵100Ԫ֤ݣСë͵1Ԫ
Ǯ֤ݡչʰ֢оͬġ˵ɡ
Ϊ2A°°ģвݸ좣⡢ţ⡢Ⱥ⣬в
βɼʰ֢оΥȫ񶼸
Ϳˡ

ʰ֢оҲͬвͬĿѧڿȻ־
ͬڣһŷʳƷȫԼũҩϯоֻ
ݸ좣Ϊݸ좲°ʰ֢оȹעݸҲעвݸ
ũҩƷ°ԿԺвݸ좳ɷֵũҩɷ֡
ʰ֢оҪĵ޷գյĺǡԡŷ
ʳƷȫҪĵǷж΢΢ķǿԽܵġ

֮һΪ°һΪ°ûͳһĶۡ
ǣũҩУݸڶССģũҩȫöࡣ

壬תҹǷճ̣
ũҵӦȷչʳõľӹԭ
ٴһʳǿʮڼ䣬ƽת򿹳׵
ƷĲҵ̡
ԪӦֿˮһʳľ
ϣٴף
˾֮·˽ֻ֪2012꣬йӼ޹˾
ҵɷ޹˾41걨תҵĿԷֱ
600Ԫ1200ԪȵĹҲÿ꣬ЩҵĲҵ
Ŀչ꣬ɼáʡ
ճ̣ôôµתĿ

չתǵشսԾߣʮڼ䣬ƽת򿹳
׵شƷĲҵȻҪճ̡۵ͽκΡ

ηᣬڸתֲø׵·硣
תַֻ˵תĺáתֲøױ졣ʵϣ
תֲøײ㣬ƭǶ̸ܶƱسɱߣ
ֱӼֲø˼ǮһëǮˣת
ֲøһ߷ƣ׵ӦũҵҲ

תֲøײ㣬ƭǶ̸ܶԪ
мƭԣΪתֲøס Ҳתֲø
סΪũҵŪͲת¡

תֲøסǡתֲøסȷߣҲĶ
ٽĸ߲ӽѾȸֲֺ߲
øƷֲ֡øҪһ¡

תֲøס״йũԺ֪ʶȨȽ
ֲֲøٽֲø

ֲǡֲᡱ׵֮СֲӺᣬ
˺Ͷﲻɻȱģ˺ͶȴֲֽܷᣬҲͲ
ֲףôֲֻ㱻йȻϸԷֽе
ֲᣬֽ׽ˮӪïʢĶˮе
ͻȱ

׼ϣеֲ᲻ֽܱ⣬оͱ
ƣԸݲסҪ0.5%ţҪ1%
Ҫ2%ɲͣȫÿҪƣÿּ۸ǧԪ
ڷңֲøֲøֽеֲᡣӵֲ
øùͲġ

ũҵעĿǰйĴ̶Ҳֲ
øøҲйũԺ＼Ժʿ˵о

ùȻֲܷøǾһֲø򡣡һһø
ǷŴѧĶɣ˼ǣøһ߻
øĺϳɡôùֲøתף׾;ֲøͿ
԰ֲֽ⣬ͷųף˺ҪйũԺȰù
ֲøתףתֲøףũҵ䷢ת
ȫ֤顣

תֲøΨһĲǲ̫͡һӹ˾йũԺ
רתֲø߲ƷӽӶתֲø
׵Ĳ

תֲøףԼʡȴеƻֲøȫ
ҪԽֳҵĹԽҪҵԽйֳ
ҵϳɱԳڵֳҵĹҡ

Ԫ֪ƭ˸֪ˡ

βϰյĲУֻܿܣҲ
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˵˵ЩѣϹҶӷˣʲôѧ繲ʶóȥ
ίʼܾתһȦ֪ûˡ

Եף֪ίʼܾ飬ʵҥתʿ
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ʲô˷ĵس˶ʮ갡ϡͿ˶ʮ꣬
Ѿѣһȡ֪ȨѡȨǿǣǚ
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Ԫڳ˳20תǰ˵˲ת
Ľķתʿÿ֯ȫУ˾֮·
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תǰ˵ûзһתİȫ⡣
ҾͼΪǵģѧֲѧå
Ҿһ䣺عǲǷĵسô꣬һ˵ĽǱ
عʹģ

תع͹ҹ͵ǿʶ

תʮ꣬ȫ綼ûвѧٵ飬ô֪Ĵΰȫ
⡢ʲôתйأ
¶ҳϣгжתƾʲô˵
ȫת޹أ

вѧ飬ҪڲѧоͼԤơΪʲôȫ綼û
תвѧٵ飿Ϊ֯Լġ
ĿѧΪûбҪ⻹˵ת²ת
ʳƷȫ޹ѵԪҪȫ𣿲

Ŀǰҹֻ׼תեͣɽϣ
гתĿǰΥڽ͡βƷֱ׳
ʶ

йһʵʩʶתƷĿ¼£
һӡ󶹡󶹷ۡ͡ɣ
ӡס͡׷ۣ
ͲӡͲѡͲ͡Ͳɣ
ġ޻ӣ
塢ӡʷѡѽ

Ŀ¼͡гȷʵһЩת͡ת
ôʶǸ⡣ȣԺ󲻱ʶ͵üн
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鶹ÿ춼ȥ⣬һȶļֵ֪Ҫ߶ٱ
Ҳ˵ɱ˭еֻ˵ôʶиģиٿ飬͵ñʶ
ٿ飬ĻԾʶ𣿱ص˼ලʵ𣿿ɼԪ
Ҳۣȡ֡

ͨĴͺ͵ع֮˭Ҳ벻ֱ˭Ҳ
˵عͺʹʵʵͬͨͺתͣ׾ֱܷ濪
ҧ˵ߡʵʵͬ
һ˵ҲܸߴϵؿѧԣԽͬڵ
ܵͬġ

ʵʵͬĺǡתתͬȫڰȫʵ
ͬ˵ϵͬ

ѧһתļܰɡ
ݶ˾ΪLL601תˮתȾ¼ǰݶ
ȷʵǡȾȾ¼ǰݶ˾ģջ⳥ũ
7.5Ԫ
ǹ֮ƷҵӦЯϣ
Ҫ⳥

ݶ˾תˮLLRice601Ⱦ¼ֻԪŵ
ľһ濳Ҫȥ

ݶ˾500ǿܲڵ¹֧鲼ȫ磬Ҫҵǻ
ũҵҩ˾ƥ־Դڰݶݶ˾תҲй
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ݶ˾תˮLLRice601Ⱦ¼2006ꡣLLRice601ǿ
ݼģСΧֲδ׼ҵֲˮ
ĴȴLLRice601ԭƲΪֲ벻ϣ
۴ȥˡ

ˮСй2%ôڴҲͺ٣ڵĴ
Ҫǳףʲ̩סݶֲLLRice601
Ⱦ¼Ժձŷ˵ĽڵҲLLRice601ף
ͣڣϸȷLLRice601ײڡ

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3ݼģ3תҩˮתķֱܾø
Ѫ嵰׻ôӴмȡܾøסѪ嵰ף
ΪҩáЩ׼ģLLRice601δ׼ģձŷֹͣ
סLLRice601Ȼδת֤ǰȫġǣ
2006׼ֲLLRice601ôձŷ˾ͲõLLRice601
İȫˡ

ϾLLRice601Ⱦδ׼֮ʱԱȾũҪ
ݶ⳥ݶҲ⳥

йŷ˵Ĵ׼ƷҲŷ˼֮һתɷ֣
˻ءǴԪ͹ĶҵӦЯϣҪ
Ψ²ҡ

ݶ˾תˮLLRice601Ⱦ¼׼LLRice601
ҵֲֵйɽ֮ʯԹ񡱰˼

ձ˷Ƿֲתľϣǧݳ֮⣬
Ⱦֱڶټ顣
ϷǷתľϵֲϣҪ⳥

ǹĶũ񲻻ΪũԸ֡

ũҵᣬƽ˾ŹǮŪãһΪ
æŰ칫˾§ǮļѧߺȣȺڵ۾ѩġ
һҲίһļйũҵļ
ߺȲҵ˾֮·˽֪
ֽ쵼ڻֹأƵģҲôƭġ
ũҵĸҪż۲ǳ·ֵתֻ
;ĩ·
ǣ⼸תӳƭӷӽĻƴPת
§ǮĴԪ
ǷҪϰ֪ȨѡȨƣҺû꣡

ŪãһǷ̣ѧࡱá
ֵת򡱣ҥƣҺûꡱǿô
ĸ췴ɵԡ

(XYS20160504)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys8.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(fangzhouzi.me)

йѧʻ׼Ϊʲôôͼ

ߣ˾

⼸죬Ƽȵλƶйѧʻ׼
ۡ

ôרҲƶļôͼ
⡣Ŀԭ۷׷ף˵Ϊƶ̫ι˧
˼ָѶ˹Ȼ֤ԽĽΪ
ѧָѧ׼ȣҲΪЩרҲ棬Թ

Һ벹ǣִǼʮƼܵıȻй
ḯѾϣֻԱܣ̹ᣬ̷ۣپƣҩ磬
ȾĳҲǸܵĶϵĹ֪ʶ
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ʮòа̭ıȻΪٵҪһ
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ѧʶѧϵĳɾͣҪǿǷǷǱһ£
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˵ʲôݣҿԾһԵӡйѧԺԺʿκ
ȫһٵͲӡԳߵרңԺʿǰ
Դ˵ڶ˶ʿڼ估ԺУڿϷ20ƪģ
200λרҪģԺձѧз40ƪģΪ
10λ߼ר˲ţձȡ˺ܴĳɼԤ
ԼŶӵ˺ܶ࣬10000΢һ߼˼ˣ˭
ţƤǣƫƫѧУĵίУ쵼ԼйЩ
šƪģһƪл־ϣһƪȻҽѧϣ
߷ԺΪйҽսϵʮɾ֮һɾ͡
ܵʱѾָƪʵое
ʶûи㶮οƪдصĺڰ׷޿ɱ粵Ӳˣһ
ǺʵŪ١һƪûкɫϸĤз
˺ɫϸһƪĸΥѧĸɣΪƪ
ٵľȻΪйѧԺԺʿйѧܵʲô̶ȣй
רҶϻʲôˮƽΪǣκȫʵҷʮ
йѧԺǸѧĵίڰӣҿƼԼѡ
为شĿƼĿľ

һ㣬йĸýʷ
ūšЩĻ㣬ǰѵԼĿѧ˼
վ綼˺ӣͳըӡҪȻǻʵϷǸ
̸ƵЩҽĴͳۣУУ
ִҽѧ֤ʵɵĶȴҪǿѧıǩһ˵ǻƵھ
˺ۣڹ伸ǧǰı֤Ǵ˵ĶҪй磬˵ҽ
ڵҪҽľ磬ָڵҽʵһΣһ
λҽרҽ̵ٲڽ̵ļԺ˵ѪҺ
̵ָ˵ĵ̴̴Ӳغ
ԵĹ磿˵̵ºķµ̵ֻ
ĺԭֻʹɥʧ߼˼ά
ֻūô߿ѧʣôܳΪִĹ
µľЩռŸ쵼λʱ
䣬ӲǲѾ˵̱仯磬һ·ߵˡ

(XYS20160504)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys8.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(fangzhouzi.me)

̸̸ڿѧĸ˿

ߣsAy

շһ˷šͨ˵Ҫѧ
һ֣̽жԿѧһЩǱд̸̸

һѧϰҪĿ֮һܵ˼άcritical 
thinkingѧܵ˼άĻҿڹڿѧ
ߵֻǷëǣֻҪ㹻ӢˮƽȷָĻ
ѧ㲻ʮѣ˵ܵ˼άԼ򵥵һ


ѧأ

ȣȻҪ֪ѧĻصʣѧ֪ʶǹ֤
publicly verifiableѧʵһпظԣreproducibility
ѧһп֤αԣfalsifiabilityѧӦڿɹ۲¼
observable event ȵȵȵȣҪ㹻߼ѧͳѧȷĳ
ʶһЩĿѧԭ뷽Ҫ֪оcase study
ǵtestimonialǿɿ֤ݣ֪ԵAķ
BķԺǿȿABҲBAǵ
ͬʱAB¼ķʵҪƱж飬ɺ
ģcoincidenceڵȵȵȵȣЩǻеĻһܿ
ѧԭ飨ȻǹȻ֤д鼮Ϳѧ
ܶûпѧΪû˽Щ֪ʶ

֪˻Ŀѧԭ˽ѧͬתģҪ֪
ͬpeer reviewƣ˽ѧʶνģѧڲ
ǰеġѧ۵㲢ԶĶֻǵǰɿģ
ЩҲǿ֪ģֻ֪˿ѧͬתģǲŻ
ıۣȨѧСϢ

Ϊѧ춨˻²ֿѧ
ط

һпѧˣҪʼռֿѧ壨scientific 
skepticism༴û㹻ֵ֤֧۶ϣ㿴һƪ
¡ʱֱӽſĵӽĿġ
ѧҡ˵ġѧ֪ʶѸһȤֵġѧۡ
˷/˵ȻȥѰĻش
ǡǱûпѧ֣Ϊ㲢ûвģʵϣ
ʱڿ㹻֤֮ǰЩѧۡ
ǣȻǲרңǸ֤أܼ򵥣
㹻ȨĿѧ֯ĿѰ֤ݾˣǲ˵Ҫ
ΪҪȥȨѧ֯ѧ˵
һ߻һУ˵֪㹻֤֮ǰ۱ֻɣ
һ֮˵˽ɿ֤ݣȨѧ
֯ṩˣ޷֤Ȩѧ֯ṩһȷ
ҲӿŵˣǶˣǾֻȥ
ϵ:-)ѽȥ˽ѧͬתģԣֻдȨ
ѧ֯ṩĿҵ֤ݣǲȫһѧ
ۣƽʱôʱȥϣܶ۵ȷ
ҲʮֹȷԣʱǿԸ
ԴԿɿֵġŻĵĳЩۣ羡ŦԼʱ
BBC¼ƬǾԿɿĿѧϢԴΪЩԴԿɿ
ԴŻĵἰһЩѧۣڶļ¼ƬʱҪ
֤жϣǿ¼ƬĿ־ȫʹûˣɿԽ
Դŵĳ̶ȿԽߣԻʱܵĶ
ǱǿҵĻģڡѧˡȿϵݣ
΢һЩģҪעǣ˽˶ԵģҪй
ݽд顢дµȣȷ漰Ŀѧ۵Ŀɿԣ

пѧˣɲ֤Դοϵϰߣһһ
ɷָģȻлģȻȥ֤ϢԴοϣ
Ѹ㽲һΥġѧۡȻӦ/
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ʶ㿴һдĿ£ȥõĲο׵
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Ƿ׵ԭ⣨Ҫرעؼִʣʱıһ˼
úԶЩϲԼ޵ѧнԼ
˽ҪСģ

ʵϣȫڿѧһҲӦñлġ
Ĳ֤Դϰߣ㿴һòƲʱӦû
ǷĴҳλ֮ڣʱĻò֤һ£
˵һȤʷ¼ʱӦñֻģҪ뵽ʱĻȥ
֤һ¼Ƿķ̾һӢӢ
ʦۣһλͬѧѧУй˱дĽ̸ϸʦǶԵģ
ҲûĽ̸ϵĻȥ˸ΪɿӢϣ
֤ǶԵģʵϾйȻ˷ǳļٱ˷
ֵʽӢ÷ҲŲȨĸʦн̿
˵ĻԼڲӢĸʵ䡢÷顢﷨ȵȣ

ȫڲ֤ԴһӦŬ漰ѧʵĸ
ȡڲϣСдһʱҪ뵽ȥһ´ʵ俴ԼŪ
ûУȻһҪȷ񱣬ȷʵܺʱ䣬֪ҵı
ʹòϹҹ淶ڲ뻨ʱȥѧϰʹù淶
ҪлɵʶҪڲϵʶ

ƺԶˣֻصѧϣǵȻʱȥ
ϡѰ֤ݣԺܶʱǻҪƾ֪ʶɸԲɿ
۵統˵˽ϣճUFOӵϻ
ʱҪȻΪ٣˴̸ơʱ
ҪܲϾ֪ԣһ˵߼˼ά
ԣһҲ벻ѧ֪ʶĻۣȻʶܿܳһ
Ͽǳ۵õȨѧ֧֣֯ǾӦţ
۵Ĺٲ۶ϴֿȻõѧϿɣ
ȦʿӦţȦרҶԣȻԸĳЩ֤
һЩԡ룬һˣ˷Ҫĳ
Υʶۣ/֤֤/һ

дò˵ǣᵽĲϡԴҪкǿӢ
ҲһʼдҪѧҪС㹻Ӣ
ˮƽԭӢ̫Ҫ̫ҪһһνѧӢȴ
õˣͺñһֻӥ޷ӳԼȨɿ
ף󲿷ֶӢдɵģ¿ѧ緽֮ˣ
ӢˮƽߵĻҲ˽ŵĿѧ֪ʶŵĿǡͨ
˵Ҫѧͨ˲ӢĻҲʵڳ
ʲô⣨дڵ¹Ӧûⷽ⣩ûʲô
ɽ⣬ֻܿԼŬѧϰӢԼѧӢʵ̫
ǧǧҪһѧӢǻҪرעǣԼӢֻ
ͰˮĻӢ¿ΪϰӢǲã򲻿
ԼݣΪԼúԭ
ѧ԰ĳЩ߿Ϊǰ֮

ڱУ̸һ㣬ҲѧҪ
ҪжϿѧ֯ж鼮ףжϢԴȨԡɿ
ԵԼжʲôϢӦﵽʲô̶ȵĿɿԵһ
ҲʮʵԣһʵʹҲ׼
ȷԣ漰ȫʳȻܳһ
֪ҪȨѧ֪֯ʲôȨɿģҲֻ
ͽ޹Ŵ֯Ǹʵ䷴άٿƿù
ѳwebmd.comlivescience.compsychologytoday.com
Щվϵʮֿѧվϵݿĳλѧ԰
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ϵݿйʳҩֹϵݿùȸGMO
ĵһҳеЩվȷʵأstrength training
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ȻЩͳĳЩѧ֤Ȼֻά
ƣĳЩʷϢҽѧϢȻٱ硶ѧˡ־
ЩǲùɿԣһЩҪǽһ֤Ӧ
һŶۣǻҪʲôϢֵȥ֤Ҫʲô
ɿϣһεݣȷʵҲкܶʵõķ̸̸
ϸ̸Ļֿдһƪܳ£ѧҵŵԵʣʱ
ٻʱȥ̸жϻ֯Ȩԣֻܵȴ˵ˣ
ǿȲοһҳϵEvaluating Health Information
кܶжҽѧϢɿԵ£ҾʵԲر
ǿЩҲʺй飮

ϾҶԿѧĿʵϣǰһһ޷ж
Ǽ٣ŰĽǡUFOһϵйĳЩδ֮ա
ݣΪгҩñҩִѧҩСֲ֪۶۵ˣ
ҿ˺ܶڿѧԭ뷽鼮£Ŀѧ
ϣҲ˷ĺܶӰ죬Ҹ˵Ѿ߱һĿѧ
Ȼܶʱڴһûпѧ˱пѧô˵
һǼѣҲӢ谭

ǰ̸ѧܵ˼άĻ˵ܵ
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غϼ1082016.04.26-30


@fangshimin
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ƭǾԼ鱻ƭԳԹ@Ҧƭκʲô
ֻһҰˣɹߣ̣٣͹ڻû
ʣƭʲôѵȣ˵ƾ
תҽ޷粵÷ӱ찡

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ѧ԰ಲ󣬼Խ޺ĺۡ
ִšաƭˡ˵αѧվһҪ״򵹡ԺҰ
ǰƵĿȰԶƭ
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ƭ԰ѾФաˣФôûȥǲФ
Ʋǣ@look1m ƭ԰ѾФˣɶ²Ҹɵģ
ƭ԰ڵĿֲǿգ˴׬Ǯƣνգֻ
ǵĵ߶ѡ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
Ȼǣ˵ǻеĵ䣬ʯеķͬλ
Լߵķ䡣ֻпƭŸ˵Щ޺@zhongxiaoqian 
ǵŷ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
Ӧָߵ粨֮ճŷ䡣ܵŷ䣨X
ߡ٤ߣͺ˷Ӧ˥@xystrus Ҳǵŷ


 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ֹһ
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Ǽҳ˼
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ɫ@xyskathleen Ҳ㹽ľ˼??ɫ
ʲôƻ??

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ѧ׼ȻǼ֤ѧĿƽݵģһ
ѧоԺڣѹҪС˺һ֪ѧˡ 
|| @ŷ: СԱݣhttp://url.cn/2GU0PPx 
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
90롱ƵƶζҲԷ
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAxNzIxMjM0NQ==&mid=2652037512&idx=1&sn=42a713d63a4d0d1688e57e97e41e5210&scene=0#wechat_redirect 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
Ժʿ̳йѧţԱĻؾ͵޺۾͵
ڲڡ
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ƪǲģһ󡣡׼˵ǡʵǼѧ
αҪֶΡǶԵģѡʵ顱ɡʵη
ţĿ
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5ODIwNDIwMA==&mid=2652673857&idx=4&sn=86c92be4dbccea6c609895be28e11e11&scene=2&srcid=0426nWd5olDWOSvv4rE76p7u&from=timeline&isappinstalled=0#wechat_redirect 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
ƪҲС˭ģаѧԿ𣿡
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
·߾˱·Ҷ·ﵱϡ
йͳôɨɨҶˣɴ൱ˡһָ
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ҶĻǴɶʣĻǴɢ˵
@DengshanYuan ҹ۲죬ǱװϣǴ·Ե
ϡе뵱Ȼ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ݵʱͬʱѲݵϵҶҲˣͻɲݵصķϡ@hahaliu2001 
оҶ˷ϣԺݵֻҪһƬҶûס̫
ݾͿݻˣҶûб仯

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ƭǿܣֵ
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 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
Щƭʲôרҵ֪ʶһ˷ڣͳȫרңʲô¶
աҡһƭӡ@yswzf ԰һˡûʵ
רҵ֪ʶǱߣûѧӢģòεġȴƫƫҪ
ѧ԰ߣ󵽼ңƤ񡣸ֹ԰ˡ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 26 
30ǰͷԺΪһϵʧ롶йѧʻ׼
Ϊйزһ
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5OTMxMTUzMw==&mid=2657102126&idx=1&sn=e940b93b3b43c436f0381eaa9db83d39&scene=2&srcid=0426gCf6UsMQxXdhzCDfrRYz&from=timeline&isappinstalled=0#wechat_redirect 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
һǰı༭Ϸǽ˼꣬ʱϷǺܲм
ڼ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChCDj2eU0AIQwAQ.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
2ⲻЩȱӦԼι档
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChCMGIzU4AAi5gw.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
˵޺ȱʶģԿյ޻̸֮ǻ
˵ġȰԶαա£
http://fangzhouzi.baijia.baidu.com/article/428876  
http://xysblogs.org/fangshimin/archives/11433 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ʲô˼ϲ޺@tucuren оĺܶ˵ǶΥ ò
ܿѧ  񷴶Ե֧ ϲ㷴

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ΣˣǸоͲÿ£ټϿƭǺ˵
޺񡱾͸ˡ@lilylzhao һƪ ˵ôķΰ
ʽϸ һӰ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
Ժһߣ㱻ҲȵѸŲˣһģ
ӰӡÿβͲβߡ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChFoJscUkAAlrjg.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ǽߣл״Ƶߺ̫ܶ֡ܵû壬ﳣĸߣ
ûġݵֻܲβж߶¡βҲ
ˣȵͺˡ@redfleet2  ƽߣôߣ
нߣ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
Сѧѧݵ߽ܡܡĦԡ
ţѧݡйѧʻ׼רӦǲġ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChFtQq6UcAADpDZ.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
СѧûαϷ塣@domjse Щ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ƭǾȻȥάǿöӢģάԭܻĻ
ȻԴķڶϺٻᵣǣĳЩҪ뽡
ʩ˵ȻԴطһؽ
Σɶ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChF2ws4UUAAMxkD.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ԭʱҰsourceԴǳresourceԴᵽ˿󣩣
ƭˡɶ𣿹ԭܻ˵Ƕ
±赣ģΣСҲô˵ƭǾܰû
ΣΣǾװûˡ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ҪԭɵʣǡڶˣΪʲôҪٵ壿
ǵԭӣͲԭˣѵֻеԵԭӲԭӣ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ƭ԰κֲͣԴ˼ôڡԺʿ»ģ
ȷǸ⡣Ҳҵա࣬Ψһľ
κ߼κѧ԰ƭǵ׵ء
http://card.weibo.com/article/h5/s#cid=230418144ec3fa10102wmtd&from=1064193010&wm=3333_2001 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ֻ˵ʲôҪӷ@lilylzhao κ߼̫
 ܸԼҪ˵ʲô

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ⷨɫվ̨õӦòֹǧеĻ

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChGZamsU0AAYywt.jpg

ɫ052 ?@BINY052  Apr 27 
@fangshimin ¥ݶִʯ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChGP5hUU8AAgFeb.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ʯȻʯһЩٶͷ뱣ͷйءȥ
һ·ŨȡŨȸ4pC/LʱҪȡʩʵ
Ҳǰȫֵ·ΰ൱ÿ̡κŨȶзա
@BINY052 ¥ݶִʯ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
һγ20˾ûãԹ3Сʱٳԡ || @X: fm48˵һβ
䳬20˵ʾ𲻵ٽϳɼˡĵʻת
һ9060ˣ׼ǷһƽʱһЩ
½ܺܶཡ˶ԱһͶҪ4050˵

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
һ¡Ժʿ̳ĸ߷Ӳѧҽѧԭû֤
ΣΪҲûбĵطΪաΪȫı
䣬ȫŨȣһġ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChG0KsUUoAAOqOj.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
ƪҪǲƭ԰޺ۣΣֻǼ
ἰܶ⡣ʵǰдһƪ¡εķβɱ̸֡
롶󽡡ȥһ£һ顣ס㣺κŨȵ뱶
°գڰȫֵŨԽߣԽ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 27 
Ժʿ̳ĸ߷ӲѧַһҽѧԭǿҪ
Ͳ㱳䡣Ũȳ4pC/Lʱȡʩ
˵4㱳ˣȻ˵Ũ2-4ʱԿǷ㲻㱳
Լˣ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHE__VUoAAdzfV.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ڶǾ񲡣ҲǶ塣@kanhaoxi11 ҲǷҽѧԭ
һµı䶨壺ǿҪķǱ䡣
˵1+1=2˵ǣΪʲôǣ˵Ϊ2Ķ岻1Ǹ
֡ԼȻ˵Ǵģв

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ڱԺо㶫ַҵȨڹԺ
ң˵תָǿ΢ǡСˡַȨ
ԺһоȨ󡣸Ժޡ
ߣûꡣ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHe8H9U8AAeGeY.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHe8IDU0AAEA07.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHe8I1VEAEjeu6.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ѵ״پ˵ǡСˡƭӵСࡱֻ
תָǿ΢˵˵ǡǿ鷸Ҳûô˵
ˡô״ҥأǲΪٲȥҵԭʼ΢
ô˵ģ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHlkGxU0AQNWeC.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHlkG4UoAAi3tK.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChHlkG7UgAA_f3q.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
Լת˶ҥҵ΢@wawachelle ˵֪ʵת
ҥʵתþúò飬Ҳд? ҪҲǸǰŮ
ôϷ? 㶫?ϴǸ""Ϊɸ
״˺Ҳˡù㶫ͷķ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ʱ㶫ӷ˵Ҫദ洦 || @yztsf: 
ֹƿڴ൶ || @֮: С˵ԭȻΪ
ŮѴ뱻ƿڴҽ߹

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
Ҽֵ¼63
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChKxdM_UcAA4_Im.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ڽġʱһƪۣʱƪɾڣԭģ
Ա
http://fangzhouzi.baijia.baidu.com/article/431020  
http://xysblogs.org/fangshimin/archives/11437 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ֻϿû⡣@leyouyoudewo տ90뷽ʦġƶζ
ҲԷ⡱Ƶز֪ͬǺԭ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ٵġѵСʱ֬⣿@tt1886 ˵2Сʱ
Ϳʹ֬תΪͣǲأ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ġרҡˡ@dyne98 һɷ磬ʲô
̴ҪһãѪѹߵȵ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
йɫƼǰ¶ˡ || @
(@zhangsan961109): ʦܷæһ´ٸϸҩƷԸβ
ǷȷЧлл

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ԪʯͷֽڴԷѣûУФҽԺֵڡ
ίƾ棩ѵ΢źšֵڡ˵ˣû
ڶ˼졣
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChLpScMVEAI2P1W.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ÿߡǧ˱ҧˣԼ5ÿԼ800˱
βҧˣԼһһ2010꣬һҰоԱ
βҧ󼸷ڹߴ󲿷ֱҧûȥƣ൱һ
ڽֹѪܾע俹߶Ѫ壬űġڽ̺˰

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ǿǻҪΣءԼ80%Ŀạ֮̊́һƣ
ƣΣո󡣳ҲǿǻķأմԼ
һ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChL4KxSU0AAeBpP.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ת׳֣һɸʧԶƷƨ
Ϊάز@JjayuYishi ̷ʦɶ
һΪڵԵý٣һԼƷԶ˾ͻ
ųƨлôкõĽ飿лл

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 28 
ڱ󶼲ѧȥ@liangqh ѧУҲ˵Ϊ
ѧԺʦѧԴģ˽²²
ɽƫһϣ˵ѱ˸һ
˱ܣҲΡصɿԵ̫࣬Ϊѧ߲̫Ͻ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
Ҽֵ¼64
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChP7JFKUoAIQZFy.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  May 1 
¼ϲ⣬ÿҪСʱ¼ױȾҪڴҩ
̨ϲ@Hw2698739812 ӣҿᰮ¼Ϊʲǫ̂޷
ֻ¼ܹŵĻΨ÷

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ôMcMasterѧоƣһӸǿȶЧ45Ӷ
ĸѵһ90ӻǿȶ2ӣ׻ˡ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChQB6C1WIAAqOvw.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
гĶԱȣ˶鶼23ǿ
ʹ20룬ظ3ΣмϢ2ӣɵزȣһһٶȳ
45ӡÿܶһΣ12ܺȽϣࡢȵعܸ
Чһ@MarvinGPP0 1û

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ˣÿܶһΣ󲿷ÿΣ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
3ǰŷӢģýոıȴ֪Ⱦ״̾
ĵBBC¼ƬֲģѧֵΪ㡣@ocean11usһַ
2012BBC¼Ƭľô

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ʵϿ⡣ܲܳҪʵܷظ۳ĻӦ
÷ΧҲޣɴ˵ǣԴӲ˵ÿ
ȫһӣÿܲ45ȣѪܼ򲡵Ԥ
Чһġ@zhuruiting218 о

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
Ƕʵ飬вѧ顣@zhongxiaoqian ʦ 
Ҽǵķʦȥ˵вѧĽ۲ŵѽ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ߣҽҽԹˣƤҲˣƤ
ҽƪҽϵףܺáҽһδԾ
http://card.weibo.com/article/h5/s?from=timeline&isappinstalled=0#cid=23041848f8a5230102wqoi&vid=1907274181 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
FMĿӽѧ49:׺ߣӤиҪע
http://fm.qzone.qq.com/luobo/radio?_wv=4097&showid=rd0022XYbf39odLp&aid=rd001USq1949X1mp&from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=1 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
𷢸СѧϷ飺ܡˮʳƷҩƷֺͻ
õģй෴
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChQcm1LU0AAFwKQ.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
˷ǮҪѧʵ޷ıĽչػ
@iammecn ͬ¸θǰڸҽԺգڳ
ҽ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
֪ʶӡ˵ѧĻʢɣƿƼڼĩյ
ġΪǿѧ΢źǡʿѧںš
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChQrPr1VEAANDNc.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 29 
ԺһֱûС@DHHQJbjhLJFPOM7 ÷߸־һ
ûУ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ǿֲжٸ఩֢ڻƻ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChRoDe0UYAEGmHH.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ɽϿҰ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChVMqo-U0AAuN0b.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChVMqo9UoAAYDpz.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChVMqo9UgAA-xeh.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChVMqphUYAAA_Ug.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ô˼ǵ÷ͿǰС԰ֵ30ڵ̨Щֵ
ڵأ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChVTyWqU4AA6Mx3.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ǵģܵˣõģҲٽ͡˵Ũ
2pC/Lͺٽ͡@byogo9698 ʦΪһЩʯ岻֪ǲ
ǴʯԲ뱡0.4pCi/Lǲ൱ǽû
ıˣ

SISSI ?@TU_SISI  Apr 30 
@fangshimin ʦѵĺ»ҽҪ˵
ҪԵ1ꡣϵʪˡ޼޸áҩҩ࣬ر˵
ܳDHA˵DHA˻С˷ܣ̶˯٣ʳҽЩ˵
ЩÿɿĶƱϢл

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
Զҽƭ@TU_SISI ʦѵĺ»ҽҪ
˵ҪԵ1ꡣϵʪˡ޼޸áҩҩ࣬
ر˵ܳDHA˵DHA˻С˷ܣ̶˯٣ʳҽ
Щ˵ЩÿɿĶƱ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
пԺԼĿѧ͵㡣һֹ۵㱻ΪšΪ
ʱΪǷԵĿѧ֪ʶʵ֤Իʹ
ԺеĹʱˣҲᱻΪš
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChVr7HQUYAAXjMS.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ɸĿѧ׫дѧ׼йɼĿƽ׫
дѧйɫѧġѧʻ
׼ôģ
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIyNDA2NTI4Mg==&mid=2655406799&idx=2&sn=e4eeb7a723cc035ba8a5918d46322ade&scene=0#wechat_redirect 

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
µһӦǴҽԺҽƭƭˣڶӦǴҽƼ
ܲ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChWSIOHUUAAenLJ.jpg

iammecn ?@iammecn  Apr 30 
@fangshimin  Ҫ͹ܣôܣйǹ̫ܵ
ˣǹ̫ܵˡ
ܶ򲻹ܵңҲңܶűһϣйزž̨
طɹ淶Ϊ
ҽƾǹֲ̫ܹܵ࣬ܵȫֻҪ©Ǿ͵úڵϴ


 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ΪҽƼܲţҽԺѿҽƭ¶ܲˣҪĲź
ãйܲǸùܵĲܣùܵҹܣԺ߷񶨼ܵıҪԡ
@iammecn

 ?@fangshimin  May 1 
ʱϵˣ || @û: ʮǰȥҷ۵ӣ
Ƥֶдġҽ ֪ĽУϸӣ
ʴ˶ǮVc,Vb1ʿ֡˲ûԵĹǣֻ
Ϊǵ¸ͳȫǡҲûã˵Ѫܲ

 ?@fangshimin  Apr 30 
ǰһʱʫɷʫˡ
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ChWhWOnU8AAQ4V9.jpg

 ?@fangshimin  May 1 
´㲻д³Ѹԡ || @׺(@beidakongqingdong): ˵ԩ
ҲԩЩ༭쵼ɶʫ

(XYS20160504)

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