                           ˿µϣ20170315գ

17.03.10-14ûи
ʫƣ֮
ţGoodhelperͳˣȲ衢һһ
˿¶ܣֵϣݲ
Ǭƺʽûʧܡܷۣʡ³Ѹë󶫣ʮйĻ
͡Ӧɡٺꡢӣ÷ݼڷƮ



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

ڶ߰ڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣸣磮
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


ʫ졡֮

ƣ֮衡졡ơ

Ѷ졡һί
졡һֳؽ
ţ졡һʹд
졡һǿƽиֽˮ
Goodhelperͳ졡һֵֵк
ˣȲ衡졡һֹӲд18Ķ
һһꡡ
졡һ
˿¶졡һתͽǨ
졡һִ̽й¼
ܣֵ졡һֽн
ϣݲˡ졡һʣ
졡һݽα
Ǭ졡һֺӽ޼

ƺʽûʧܡ졡һ˽޹
ܷۣʡ³Ѹë󶫣졡һƯлزȥ
ʮйĻ󡡡

͡

Ӧɡٺꡢӣ÷ݼ
ڷƮ

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

顶˵Сɱձ档¼
д200912-201311µĿѧСƷģ롶Ϊʲôβ͡͡
ΪʲôëһϵСԭаȨ˲Ҳĳɲ
ͼذһ档ǩ뵽

https://h5.youzan.com/v2/tag/jeu9i671?reft=1482814108409_1482814119292&spm=f46097646_g322596733_f46097646

311磬Ӧݻ˻ϻ룬Ƕϴѧ
Ϊֱйѧٺαѧݽ

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ͳдͳ

                     Goodhelper

ǧǰʼʵзַ⽨ƶȣʵ뼯Ȩ
ĿơԭʷϵĴ¼ԭ/йһֱ

ʱһ⣺ƺһͳȨأһҪ
⡣ʼΪԼһǰδйĳƺʵۡ

ǰԻʢΪ׵ȸǾȨƣһ
ɴѡׯҡԹ۹ϳѡΪ
֮һֿʼ塣֮ͬεзݶ
ǱϾѡǰµ

ʱûнԱȣǲǳܹٽᷢչ
ýĿǶʵġʢٵǳĵģϵ
ƽȡӦƽȵϣʵġǿܲԤ뵽
ŵһӸѧķչǰᡢÿķӿ
Ŀռ䡣

ΪʲôǿѧǰأǸ⡣ǣκοѧ
۶Ҫҵġ㷺ġţǼ۲ȥαͳһġ
УݲκȨĸԤڼȨĹңһ߻ü
ſԸԼϲ˱ʱѧ޴̸ˡ񱻲
֤ͬšӱʡһкѧٵ¼ȻΪ
ȥ¶ȥ֤ȥ磬Ҳһѧĺܺõӡ

ڽһʲôĹأ˽黪ʢ
Ƶۣ⵽ʢٵĳͱΪʢٲԸһȺ˸ֵ
ūǵͳߡ

¶Ҳһ⣺ƺѡأĳ
ν硰𾴵ĵ¡ߵȵȡҾʹ
ͳMr. President)

µ⵽ŷ޾ǵӡǼʮ
ĵƽϿʼɧЩϵĹҵǿʼ룺ûе
ҲͦǷѹ˶ͷ̨Ƿ׷óȨ
ʵһ

ʢΰģżȻǱȻǴѧӦ
ơ⣬ҲиΪʲôһƵ۵ĺ׳־ûУ
ǻ۴Ⱥ֮УܹأһЩа
λ޵ݡ

ֱ죬ж޵ĴͳҵǻǶõͳΪ٣
ºĬºͱۡЩһֻظǧ
Ĺ켣ѡ˹ǰȨʱ˵ͨɱеһ
롢ǵĲƲһ븻ԣȱ죬Ǿͱ벻ͣ
ɱᡢɱٰᣬάνĸԣǶǸȨԼ
ǸȨƵȨٵˡĶߵĳӦÿ
еԼϻһڻ죺ħĸԴھеһ
С

Ժ󣬵Ϳѧֲʱǽ
ٽĹȸʱЩ￴񳯵å
ɢķѡ

Ȳ

                        ˡ

ԴǶѧʱѧʦ2007ʲʿڼ̵Ǻն
Ҿһë

ëʵһۺ֢Ҳһϵе֢״ۺϱ֡ҵ
һ֢״ÿһǿȵȳǶĳ²衣ΪʦԺ
57810꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һĲǳ
ȷҺȲʷ̣ȻûôţƷʦƷĸ߷ֱ
ȴԣĽҲҲﵽǸ硣

ʮҺȵն趼ѵһ˵յĴ඼
գյеնƷУմֻʮ֮
һʦ˵ˣնûʲô壬ֻղķֱ
ȻͣԽԶԽúȡʮգɫ
ݳԺȫûɬĿζúܴ

ŶɬеƷζԼԲĴеᣬ10ϵģ
ҿԸоһЩ𣬶ʱڼ֮ڵģöࡣ
ʦ˵ľȸߵķֱԺҾ;ԼҪºݹһ
һëͱֳˡ

ҼеգߵҪģ̲ס
ȱˡҰѲͬһ飬һְڿ˲ǵζ
ʲôͬҾ˷飬˫äյģƺִеϸ̶ȫ
οFDAʵܾɥرʮڵĲζĲ
޷ɿؽзֱ档

ͳѧһ˼Ŀն˵ϸ20и
ߴϵӢŮʿԼԷֱȷŲټ̺ȷٳ̲ζ
ĲͬиFisherͳѧĴţúԣ뼸
ѧҾһоŮʿĸоĿɿԡоɹ
Fisherѧƶһı׼׼ҲFDAжһҩ
ǷЧ׳ĻҲҸԼƷ׼

ݺȷŮʿBristolһλѧҡ
ţʱûע⵽ȲиFisherͳѧ
䣬Ȼû뵽ԼٽFisherȻͽ˻ᷢչһͳƲԡ
ԾFisherȷԡ

ʵĹΪӣ˵һ£ߴϵŮһ飬
ƶ˿ѧĽġ

Fisher̺ԼȲ̸4˱Ĵ
BristolŮʿжϣǷĿƵ׼ȷطֱ˱
̲ͬ衣˵׼¼ǧŵУȫˡ
Fisherĵһ裬ǼУBristolŮʿûʲô
ݺµģôFisherȷԵĹʽԼ°˱̲ȫȷ
ֻ0.014Ҳ˵Ǻµģζĳ
ֹ˵ķֱÿһһδôFisherԵֵ
0.229˵жɵģʹÿһֶķ֮ҲΪ
ķֱΪҲаٷ֮ʮĻıֲֻһ
Ρ

ֲԼÿһֲ³ĽĶдһ22ıӢ
Ľãڸabcdʾ¼ֵΪabaccdb
ģabcdĺ͡FisherĹʽñĸ͵Ľ׳
ĻĽ׳ĸڸֵĽ׳˵ĻBristolŮʿڸֵ
4004빫ʽĽ0.014ÿһڸ3113
ʽĽ0.229ȻһУôβܹȷʵ
أ

FisherΪֵСڻߵ0.05ǿεġ0.05ͳ
ƷвԵжϱ׼

йи²һ˼ǣζˣͿ
ˡǰFisher˵ͲС̲Ϊ飬Ȳһ̣
һܹȫԣa=2b=0c=0d=1n=3빫ʽر
ע̾ǽ׳˵ķţҸΪһһ޲׼ѧ
Ȼ֪ıʾ֪0Ľ׳˱Ϊ1ôFisher
ֵΪ0.3330.05˵3λǲΪƾġ

ѧԶʵȻһ¼г
ʵжϣζȾڳõлġʵǣ
һĳĳʧȥΣȷҲѻʧȥΡɼ
Fisherͬһ·ءΪ²׼ڽŽɵʱӦ
һЩӦüֵġ

ôȫûۣҲ޷ο˵ľʱôأһ
ο

̲ΪÿһһУȫԣǿ
ŵġȻʽдˣһ£abcdֱ3003nΪ6
Fisherֵ0.05Եжϱ׼ʱ
ɻΰͳѧFisherοй˵²ǻ۲ƴ
ôʽжϱ׼

ͷ˵ҵ֤Ҳ߱ж10ڵĲо
ջƳ˲ҶζĲظУնҶζı仯ڱ
ϾֲȻ̡

ڿѧǰʧȥظУЩʵ̫ջ
ֻҪҿ˲ҾȥʲôζȷЩ
žһɰĺӵ㿴˾̲סҪһڡȷǺ
ǡΪӵб׳ȱڵġǾͻһȷҶе㳬Խһ
ʵʣĳص㣬һľģͻ
нķʽǣһ˺ȵһҼ
յնڵڶͻᱻһζ

쵼ûһĲǲ˼飬
ϣҺԥسһֲȻҸˬسë
ҲʦҵΪݲˮҲҪнɽȪˮ
ΪֿʵˮݾĲ裬ҵúʦһ
Ͱݵɽȥˮݲ衣ʦˮĿ̽Ա
ҵë΢ġ

ֱܾòиҷҵۺ֢еĵڶë쵼
һãȡһȱڵգдѡ޲ڣ
쵼˵Ȼϲ͸㡣ʱ򣬴ӱ
ȱ˿ڵĲ˰ƴһʵܶ࣬ںô
С飬ҾȻ̲סҪ쵼˵ë˵ǰǰ
ôֱһĳء
ĳãҴͲˣ쵼Ҫˣһķ
֮һ


һһ

                            

鳤ĿΪΪƣġԶס
ѺãгദִĹʵϾʵҲб
ū۵ʱ̡

ʷһطٰᣬȥɽ·;޴̯㣬ƽ
ĹܮܮϣҲаӪկġЩɽկչ
죬ɧ

оһͺйء

Ǽӣͷ֣ǣֻӣռһϯ֮
ءһ˦žž죬һȺΧۡʲôףĿѭ
ˡǼֻϵϣССëϡۻ룬ηнֱ
ȥ㲻ϺﾫˣһǣһƤޣзĺ
һúҾһͶȦټª
ļֹߡǿݵĵ棬ͺܺںӶУ


ҲԵĶﲻһһȤڣҲ⻷̫㣬ί
ӵ飬ҲĲ輰ʱĽʱʱذݣô
ĺ˶һ죬ŭɶһǱԲƤ
ֵȻ˶ʤ˭ء

һڳˣڳΧѲߵ˭
ָ˼ҺһŤͷƤЦⲻЦأһ
εʾ㻹ܲ˵Ĳʩźףö
ģɣǲܵģֱ۹㣬ǲߡͳһ
ëƱ˺ٻعϼвΪûһһ
ͱĺ

ӣϺ˺ܶӡߵĺУԵĵƱ
ʿԸԸڣЩ˵ȸ£û˶ٹ
עɽɰأ̣ȻȻˣľֻɭ
ˡ

Щ£ǿһ۾ͻĵģɵҪٶ࿴ۡǾ·
;м˻ɻ֫庱Ĳߡ

ֵήһ棬Ħʹϸ쳣ֻ
ſֱǰŲ֪·ʯӵˣʲô̼һ
µµһһڣеҲʧȥȣƱ缦צ
һӣһͷϵһƽ峵ϡǳһӷ
׵Ůˣġʳһӣһÿձ˵ĳǰ˽
ʲôһ׶Բཱུƨɵڿ棬
ͷŮ˲ȱѣ档֪Ů˵˾ʲôǰ
ӣ䶯

ɽͷķо֮ʱʱСڵ̻
ãƮ᫵ɽʯףܶӲϣһͷɽ
һͷ䵽ɽ֮š

ټᣬ˶ٺӵ򣬷ḻ˶ֵ̼Ǯȴ˶
ŮԸǼֻ׵ĺӣǼλѵĲʿ
ܵɣȴһֻۣһֻۣǾ˸еһ
һ꣬ȥһһ⡭ 


˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ֵ

                            ܡ

Ѿ˺ü졣ҿκ¶ζȻƲ֣
ơ֪ʲô飬λԸʵĿͺһࡣ

ôˣĵʰ衣

¥ϵˮ©ˮǰϷҹߣˡ
߶߶԰ֵı仯һҲġ

ŶһȻ

ȥһĦԼ⸱Ѿ¾ɲ
ľڣ⼣߰ߣ˨ŵЩģˡСʱ
ļģģѾ޷ʱԱˡ

֣ڻĲݳţˣЦʡ

ǰ벻˰Σ벻˲ݳЩȻ˵Ҳ
ˣ˵껰ֵͷǰҲļһ̾ͻ
ˡ

⼸еĽ죬Ҳ֮䡣¥̳д
¥񣬾Ϸܶ˼ߵ¥ǰİ
·Խؿվеȶð˳ЩıӳĵϷ˥ܲѡ
Ѿס½ҳɼҵļŮ·ü޵Ĵ
ˡ

·ӵʱ򣬼òǮġ취ѼҶ裬
ûа취ﹻ󣬰ʹԼҵţˡţ죬˵
岻ûȥ֪ﲻδƣǿʮ
Ѫڷ޺ˣﶼȥˣҲסĿģ
Ҳ֪롣

극ʱ򣬰վڴǰߴϢĳ
Ⱥ֪˼ʲôһᣬ˵ӣȥתת֪
˵ʲôһš

ǰЩʱһȫŲݳҸʱ䶼Ҫ
ȥʱɽʱǴ̫һѩѩӣ
ûʱ㣬Ͳ¡һαҸ׷
Ťˡ

Щţǰµͻףʣµ˲裬ȥ
ݳţȺǸң֪ǸǴһ괫
ġ

˻ϻӣұ㾲ЩȻ˺ܶ飬ûв


ˣ˵ЩҲ᲻ЩţϾʱһ
ˡ˵ЩµĻšǰˣԵݳϿţֻ
ˣֻܵ˼ţȺˡߺţȺʱһξ͹ȥˣ
ԼҲ̤ʵ˵ס·ﲻ죬Ͼöʲ
ôһǰ⿴ǰЩݳˡ

֣ǰ࣬Ǽͦ׵ģʹˣ
ӦڼҺúϢˡҿοͷϵİ׷ƺֶˣǰý
΢Щ䣬Ȼ֪ЩԽĳƣҲ


Ӹˣס˿ѩɽ۾Ӷˣûиܵ·ˡ

ߵ³·ָ棬Ǳǰۼڵĵأ
Ǵüҵġˮˣʱ֪̲æ˵ǰ飬
Щˡʱ㻹ôߡֱһһ׸ߵӡ

ȫ¥ˡ

ůˣҴ㵽ݳȥתתһˣӣҪԼ
ǰļѣҲ졣ҼοţѰ
ǰĻ䣬ǼϽٻȻȻƻţϣ
Ȥ

û˵·ԵĵˣͶӰ˺ܳƺ
ҹЩ䣬졣

ඡ֣ʼˡ

ں棬ϤıӰƶǰʱ仯ˣҲ
ˡǰʽıˣȴ¶įˡţ޺
Ҳڸǲ˰ֶԲݳĻ¥ٸߣҲס̫۾Ϊ
ǲԭĺӣѪŵѩɽˮɽϰѩǣǲԭ
ɣţɻҺȻΣµӡȻ
硣


ݲ

                         ϡ



ǵͯ꣬ûںôḻʵֻʱ򣬺
ģӡ׽Բء־ӥץСҼҵϷ
ЩľŮӶϲҼңСӡСĸ׵ĽɫŽ𷢱
۵ĲޣغǳǵĶ裬´غŻĲ˯
һǱʶĸ黳ȷ

ڵĳǱغһؼУбҵ˳һҿ
蹫˾ϰ࣬Ȼ˽ܽ顣ǵýжʱζر
УʱʱŻ£һֱΪǳθ⣬û̫⡣ֱһλͬ´
ѣʶӦȥҽԺһ£ǻˡB鵥
ǸʮּƵġ+ţ֮Уе㲻ţһĵ
Ȼض⧲裬ȫû㹻
׼һһҪˣ 

ĸȥĸԶϺýңûһңĻϲֻ
ֽŵ׼ӭĵӼеĵһ쿪ʼҾ֣
һոµıʼǱʼдռǡɳĵ
̣һͻζ˿ҵ˵ɾҰ
ﻨ㣬ӵŽɲǼ䣬ҶʱֻҼҵ
Сĸ黳ˡʧȥҵĸ׵˵ӸŲͬ
Ѱ壬ִҲĸ׼Ի
شĽ˿һ뵽ԼҪˣҵϰ߸ı
࣬ʳҲٽԡһң¸߸Ьժ
۾ʩۣ֬泯죬ʼ壬۽üżΪĸ
񵭡 

ʱһζڴĿϲ˷Уû뵽һŮƽ
պͶӰڵλЧ治ã
ѾûˣѺѶס60
ϰ࣬ÿĦг飬ǰˡŵˣĵ
Ħгֱų׷ġкڣΪ˷ȥҽ
Ժ飬˵˵λסصҵ¥Ҹɩ
סһÿгʮ·ȥλϰ࣬λûʳúᣬ
ߵС̯ձ߰ӵ͡һֱֵٲ 

1022գٽԤڻа¡˵ΪĸӪ̥
̸ƻҪǰ׼˴ĻеҸϽ
˲ڵλסϣʱһ
ܹһ𣬲ÿԲĦгˡ8룬
綼æϴ·ɨңƣҪϴϢˣͻȻ
ˮһĶ˳ȴʱʹٲǰ
ףǵý˵ˮһĶԤʾˮˣҪҽԺ
ȥҽԺˣϽϵλڵصһҴҵҽԺǶ
ˣҽԺıֵ໤ʿ˿˵Ҫһϰ


һҹڿյĲ޷˯һֱŻ£кʹ
ڶ糿ŸƴˣһҹδߡʹŻ¸
кĥһϢң˵ûҪȵС
֧Ϊ˳±ǿ˱ΪҰСࡣҵӿ
һһʹһֻӲڽӸ·
˺ȫˮ͸ˣ۵˵ˣɤӷ
Ѿûп޵ˡʵ޷ĥˣѾ䶯촽
ʸҵĸ˵ӺСҾʹһҹѾˣ
ټһ£ӾͿ˳˵˳ԺԺһȥˣ
Լ촽۵ҧѪ޺ûˡʱ750
ͷˮ12ͷˣѾˣʹʹס
ϴҪһһȫֻú˳

ʱͻȻһƬţʹĥʶģң
ԵʿС˵̥λӽȳˣϽ׼ȡʩ!
һѹʶԼѲӽȳ˳
ͻסӣΣգĸҲٴѪʧѪ
ڻʱ˵û뵽ج˾Ȼٵҵϡ

ҵĴ˲հϴ뵽Ÿ»е࣬ԺӵΣ뵽
Լŵĸסδ۾һۣ
ôһ·ڰȥɸҵҲҪѺʱʱ
ÿӳһӣζźӶһΣաͻȻ
˿ԽԽǿ󣬡Դ˵ҪӣҪѺһ̣û
ʹͿ־壬ú˳ͷ֧ң˵һȫ
ȻˡĸսʤΣգҵĺ˳ˣ
ǸŮֻ̺2.5ŮСҲҡ
ȫ̱ſڵлŮһЯڶȹѹأĸŮ
һִܺͱĿجˣǺ̫СԵʣ
ûС˵д׹ءҺӳϢж
ȥǧصһ̱ʱûӵĿҪʣͻ
ȻһСèһ΢ӿȻǴظ
ûޣﱻˮסĴƨһ£ûˡ

ҽŵ̷ѺӱǰһֻСèһ
С΢ƵĺɫͷĴָǰĽźԽ
۾СС壬뵽ղźӱĴΣҵ
һˮԺ˫ۡʱҲ뵽Σգ
ҽԡʧȥҵŮֽϼѵ
Ѿʧȥĸףҵĺһûĸӽ
ԼˣһӵĸףҪúûţ󣬲
һʧȥĸף¿ꡣ

ûĸףżӡѾǺˣǴ
żһصҵ¥

Ħгȥ60ĵλϰ࣬䣬
һΡһտӣˡϴ·ϴ򲼡ɨ
ѺӺ˯æϴ򲼡ɨ˸ոպãûü
ԣ΢ĿϽ·˹ȥտӣ򲼡ι̡æ
Ѿ͸ˡʱˢϴӵĿ޺ܽ
俴ѾҲˣѭĿССŮ
£˴ͷԵЬ档̫СˣһֻƣһֻЬܰ
ǶôϣԺúõҵĺӰҰŮ᲻
ػҵĺӣҲ˼ҵĸס

ûĺǸݣΪҵŮһֻҪú
ţչ˺ҵŮҪԼȥˣҰ
һ˷ڼҲ޺İȫֻаŮ
ýģźںȥȻΧгˡʱ
һһֱźӣǮʱֻֽźӣ첲
ϿŲӡӹʱһտӵۣʹ
ָŮʱӯ

ʱû˾޷ů̫СҲӡסڱ
䣬ɩסҡֻа챧ɩӵң
̨ɹ̫ϽŮԼů̫ˣ
ҫķһɺŮҹѣȻһҹҹޣ
ֻһѵι̣Ϊɾ򲼣ֱ߳
˯ˣҲ΢Ϣһһҹҹ£
۵ֱֻŸ첲оٺӹԺҵ
󼲣ÿϴͷ֫һֱ 

ǰԷûʲôҪ󣬵Ǿû
򷿵Ը׼ٻصλϰ࣬Ŭ׬ǮӣֻΪ˿ҵ
ÿ⡣û뵽ݲڼ䣬λˣԭĹ
ҡһ˽Ӫҵϰһλɹ̷˲ƵġͷŸ֮
Լļ۸ǵҵǡйɫҵǸĸ
еġɮ⡱̾Ҫһڣʲġ߲
Ѹˮˣһѳˣ⣬˵šǹ
ĹԱְԼͼලȳ˱ġƿûκο
ͷ֪ͨڲڼҽͶͬΪӺܶ
ݼ٣һֱֹٲӪ̸̥ƻ
ȴû뵽ҵĲٳԼְҵĵĳ٣ԶԼĸλ
ҲزȥԵĹһҹ֮䣬һԱΪ¸ڹˡ
ҵת֮䵹ֳΪʱûĸףȻʧȥ˹
سе֧šҳһûݵˡϣ
͹ȻһԲɵ͵ì塣ҲҲ¸ڣ
ΪһŮˣһĸףʲôһӵĵҪأ
ʧȥ˹ʧȥıϣΪĸ׵ʲôҪ
Ƶĳͷأȥг룬Ϊиλڣû˵λ
ӿͷᣬңľʲôûˡ

콥ůˣҿʼÿгźӳȥⷿ
¡Ϊһķӣһ㹻һݹά
ֻҪн±С̲סһ˷û˹
ûзӣûĸףûůңһҰڷƮҡ֪Լ
ҪȥĶߡŮܸоı仯ڱϣӺ
Сֱסҵҵϣ۵ɤ˶
󹫼รЦңЦҲͶЦҲɻ
Ķ裬̲סЦˣŮҲĵЦˣӺرסҡʱ
ұĴѹû£ľٶ۵ȫȻŮСС
⣬ûһ˿ӦŮͻں˵취ˣ
ˡŮô˵ҵİٸнŮСС;ôģ
ô裬ҸеůۡҲ̲ס͵͵ᣬŮ
ˣСָҲᣬ߰ʣǱԣ
𣿡̲ס§˻С

޹ģȫϣͼУʱֻ
޷ǣҡÿŮ˶ϣԼܹһıֻ
ҿ˸Ц¸ڵˮȡҴδԹ
Ĳʱˣֻۺӣ͸ҳԿ룬
޶Ͳ̡ؿĸ׵ıӰԵʱԶԶȥ
þҺһһεˮסĸԶУ
ܹץסССů֣Ҫְ󣬸޷
ĸ100%Ƶĸ˵Զһĵ㣬
Ҫ㣬ҲԶиײǣңǡĺӡ

ҲڣֻΪûӵŮǲġ

ܱ

൱һʱ䣬˯УұһƮӰ׷ţŲ·뾣
Уñˣûذ񱼣ʧˮУȻˣȫ
˺ˮСȻЩܱյӣǾ̸ҽ
ܷѹͼ辽񼢶Ⱥƴ׷ҡ

ݲ٣ΪҸڹĿʼҴӴ˽˳ʱûоͷ
Ϣǵһλũϼҿţſһĺ˵
Ӷ̰ɣȥҷݹ˼ңˡֻ߰
´ĺӣҴﲻáӳʱΪӪƼݣ
ҿˮ㣬ŮѾðװ֣Ƥˮۣʼѽѧˣ
ôöأʹ̣ôĺҲҪι̷ۣǮ
̷أʲôĸӪֵߡҲøӶֲ̣һ
տӵνˡֻÿгźӣڴС
ڵ߸ϡǽڼԼ淿ϵⷿй¡

Աȷ⣬ѡһҡһҳдƽһ
סļ䱱ݣһ᷿һԴˮũ
ϱ˵䣬ʵֻв10ƽףΣһŴһ
³һúޣһСӡ䷿ÿ·120ԪѾ
˵ˣûõġ䷿ģǹ
и̫ܣɩⷿʱӦǿԹԡȻһСԺס˰
ˣлϴ裬ܸϴһѾǳҸˡ 

ֿʼӦƸҹÿӦƸԷ汦ϵ
ӣһܷ࣬˵üҸɾܾˡǰ˭
᷸ɵƸһÿźϰԱأ˺ӣ˫
һŴӣȴҪźҹίĵ׳Ϻ
ݣʲѡҵһλͬѧ˵ȥչ˾մ
ˣݹҪ࣬ûʱƣտӣתͬ
ᱣաұѡ񣬱ſǩͬ籣ϣȥһչ
˾һմˡ

ʱйոտʼرгܶ˰ڸչ
ʲôġǲμѵÿźӣչ˾ԱҲûʲô顣
ͨνܱաչ˾ÿҪʱᣬ
˯ĺӴ·ȥᡣں
ΨһֻҪܸһȥĶĿ֡콥ˣ
ԽԽѡסСƽ䳱ʪǽƤ߲䣬һƬƬù
̦޺һ

ҵϴԲֹһϣǿҵϢ
ѹȵһҹ¡ʵڼֲסˣȥҽԺﱧŸո
˯ŵĺӡ͸Ͻȥһ飬˼Էף
ҪϰסԺӻڲڣÿ½һ˵Ĺʣû
ҽǮסԺأҸô룬ҩȥԼ
Ρ˿ңҡҡͷһҪΣҲҪϸ롣ҹ
ϼңѺ͸š

ҲϲԲֹĥңûסԺִ롢ҩ
֢״ˣҲܴ˯ˡѾǼ㣬ʡһ
סԺĿ֢״ҲˡȻҲȥ飬¼黹в֪
ǮҽΣͽѹ伲ҽȨû¡Ժ󣬱
˹ëֻҪŵζͻϢ磬ô 

ʱѾһˣ̣ܹԼŤŤ·ˡչ˾û
нȫӶɣûҵζûйʡΪÿ¶
һ룬ÿ춼Ҫźӳȥ֡ΪԸӣҲϰ
İݷãֻԼѺͬѧͬ°æ쵽죬һ
µгСǵĴСгϣһССӤ
Ӥʱڳ˯ţͷڱϣǱ棬֪Ҫ
ȥٴˡʱӵƤվŵЬӣܻк
ĵ·ҡ㺢ӵЬӵˣͨͣʱѾȥ
ˡ³ӣųˣ֧סͣ£һ
ˤ˺ӣֻһַг֣һһֻּڵ
ЬӣʱŸ֧гһַֻסŮһָֻŮЬӡ
ҴźǱţ󶼲˼ܾͬ飬һݱ
Ϳǿÿ¶ҵӦе΢롣չ˾
ûҵζṷ̋ˡǼ£һԹ˵ࡢ
ܵڵӡǩһݵӿʼϵǩտͻٵ
˾ͻͱ˳ҲҪءе䲻
¶߲ͷԭļǿңΪάһµķ
Ǯֻмװʱǩ굥ߵ·ϣԼĴ̲סһ·
һ·ĬĬᡣ

һֱǵãǩĵһݵԼĸס

¸ˣû˹ûסû˰տӣҳ˸׵һ׮
¡ʱ60ĸףϰȥؿŮ¸ڣ
ȴĪԭһͷڷ·ǵĸ׼Ѹ˥ϣͷȫˣ
ˡΪз룬١ǿֱӲ˵ĸף
ʼѴ绰ֱŰݷãǰæǩ׿ˣǶ
ʾ֧֡׵һǩһϱա

չ˵ǲ࣬ʱɣʵʱģûйɣ
ҲûнڼաʥڣѩӰʼ׷һƬ
ããȻҪȥᡣʱûֻסķҲûе绰ȥμӳ
ҪӶġҿĿ׹ѩأгˤӵ˺
ӣٿڱ˯кӺ˵ʵڲĽԼ
ȥᣬȡӻں˯ûءչ˾סԶ
ȥʱ䳤ˣֲûǮ÷ţ
ȥչ˾ˡѩ£гѩط֨֨һ·ĵ
ظϵչ˾۾ͷüëϹ˺һѩǰСʱᣬ
һȴеرǣ˯ŮΨŮҲ衣
ȵ˲ϰݷÿͻгҴиϡʱ·˶
ѩرŢˣ˱˼ºˣ
ŮĿǸϽ˳ӡǰͷеһ⳵ͻ
ȻͣӺ泵ŮӣҲƿҪѾ
ˣһɲһӻˣҲˤѩϡŮ
ͻȻϽ˹ſǻʽû°ɣһ
Ի·żŮֿǰŮӣ뵽˽
ʱ⣬һɬɵԼ˼˵
Ҫ߰ɡԺһס·ͣܲΧ
û˾óȻ³¹ʵġ⳵˾Ŵӳ
ҷг뿪ˡǿϳӣŸϽؼҿŮ
ŷֳˣȥŤŤղ˷򣬸Ͻ֣æ
ȥ   

ڵˣߵͬڣŮ˺ѷεĿ޺ҵ̼
ҴųԺӣɩڶŮ˵1
һŮ㣬ŽţںޡĸӹԿ׿ף
ʹĴţҪȥɩûзԿףֻվ
塣ҵứˣ߶ŴӰԿ׿ţߺŮָ
ˣӿȻֹͣ˿޺ʱɩ
һѪ飬Ҳ˺ˣȵôˣҲղŲ㱻
⳵ӹסɲסˤѹסǳѪˡɩûó⳵˾
ȥҽԺ˵ĺˤһоûʲô¹˲
ˡɩ˵˾ĵ绰ý¼һʲô
ôأ˵ʱʵڹ˲ˣֻϽӡʱź
˵ǹƽģкñ˾ˣʲô֢ûҽ
ûǮƵңָԣ 

һѽŮرڻ·ԸٷֿôţԶ
ءӱһ䣬Ů촽ˣŽֱӲˮϣѾ
ҵͷŮС⿪·ĽŹȡŮ
ͷңǵѪСָҲãСʹһ˫
۾ң˵費ޣ費ޡ

ŮǸðˣգСͨ죬٣ọ̈̄
ȾһҪγѪұȥױԺ룬ͷ
۵Ƥ϶ۣԣҶŮ밡̫
Сˣ磬ĸ׵룬̫Ŀ̫࣬ͬû
ܹίŮ۴ޣһڡÿοҪߣӾͿʼ
˻ߵشް裬Ҫ룬Ҫ룡ҺݺģߺŮ
˵˲˲˱߰гϣųҽԺߣ
ѩ·Ͻ˺һҲðϳһʲôʧ
ûߵҽԺţŮϳˣ̻Сֺ߿ޱߺ
軵軵룡

ҲҶԽƲڼˣһ壬ֿʼ˯Ů
·ȥᣬȻ󱼲ŰҰݷÿͻ˲һ
꣬ȦӶܱˣԴûҵչ˾ڸɲȥˡ

ɹ

2000괺죬ҺѵĽ׼ԼҵͶʽһԤƼ
ûп˽ǮңܱɢСǵݣ
ԤƼǰǿ¸ڣߴһӣһ
ڼ£ͬ飬ҲϣܸıĿǰ״нѳ
ǶƴգٵһǧڴչʮԪǮ
еĵһʾծ

ϽһĴίԺ䣬漴˵ס
Ұ˹ݡˮԤƼҪҺѹ豸ǾĴ죬
ͷʮԪһ̨Һѹ豸Ѿ޴ǮԼƼӹ
Һѹʢĵµʵ飬Լͼֽһ̨
Һѹ豸ȹպʡһǮ

Լзģߡͨʯӣɳˮ෴飬ߴ硢
ʪȡӲȺʱȶﵽ˱׼Ҫ󣬵һ·ʯƳɹˣʵ
̫ˣ豧Լʮ»̥Ӥǵ
ڴ11·ݣһ貿ŵĶˣ֯˵ӽ

Ƴһ̨һƷӵһʶͳһ
ϲɹ޷ԱȻѽ10ԪǮ侭
ϸ㣬ȻǰͶ룬ûʽԭһ⡢
˹ʵȾҪڵȴаװʧһ졣ٵǶŴҪȴһ
ǮղҪںˡζŲҪͣ˹ǰ
ҲȥˡЩ˴򹤵ģһ굽ͷ򹤣ֻŴ
ܹǮؼҹžۣôǷǵĹأһǮ
ûϣծҪΨһİ취ֻмǮ뵽
־ܽ赽ѶˣؽȴҪȥ˽Ǯ
˵ǮδģſڻûжôѣôǮ
û͵Կ಻£µæһ꣬һ
±һȵҲΪӰ 

һҳһҳطĵ绰ϣ赽ǮһһȦ
绰ַˣ뵽ؽǵŻؼҹֹ꣬
ѡõĹۣҲԭλͬ¶÷¸ںһ
ݵ꣬ÿææµµÿѣһ뵽Ķһ봺
Ǯûл׼飬ſʵ̫ˡҲضŵ
ָź룬һλʱͲûͨ
ﱧŵ绰ԥΣڲͨˣȴ֪ôڡ˵
ǵ绰˽ȴ60룬ﾹظĸо

ӱܲǰ취վҪ취ȹǰѹءһ׷
ǿԲ׼ӿԲ·ǹǵĹʲˣ
Ҫ취赽Ǯǲаܻϼҵùã1ԪǮ
˷ʡùøøܿһһɫ
ǰøȴһⲻȥſڽǮʵ
ûа취ˡСʱĸϰ࣬Ҽ̼ңǵʱδĹùô
󡣹ù˵ڼҵȵȣѸմеһǮȡ˳
ҸϽȥ˷ʡҴйùµ1ԪǮ˻
ǽ˹ʣǸ߸˵ػؼҹꡣ깤ʣûǮˣ
תʽֳ⡣  

ʵʱᵽů̬త괺죬
ʽ״޺תѶˣе˲ֹһΣҲŲ
ˡ뵽صһλͬѧѧʱõѣ׼ȥͬѧ
ǮԽȼü֮һȥڶ˻ͬѧոմ
ӣûװޣûǮ˵ǵͬѧҹ4000ԪǮ
ȽáһżʲôʱʲôʱС
4000ԪǮĿȴٴľǮǮѹ
ͷΪҹƵеһյƣʱʱеϣ
˺ǼʼûдзǮҲһֱû
ֱ2013꣬Ǳ豸ֿʼ򹤵ʮһڼ䣬Ǵ
Ƿ12ľ˼ϢһЩزȥذݷͬѧͬѧ˵
ڻծѾǳˣ֪Ǹմ˷ѣ
£ϢִⲻҪ죬ͬѧдǻϼҿ
ĸĸȥļͬ͡ѧļҷǳªװ޼򵥣óͬѧ
ҲԣʱȥǮʱ12ȴδ
ǿһΡ

Ѽ顣ЩʱĬĬǰˣ۶Ǯ
ֻһʳһĻǱů 

ҵѵľǳȥҪǮǲ˽˹ԷСһЩÿ
ҪǮҪҼ׷ؼԱգ㣬ҵλǩ֣
ȥƴˡÿҪݣ΢Сĵ·񣬾ͻܵѡ
ÿڶҪʾһ¡ 

2002궬һ죬һλѽһ·ŸǹأҪһ
··ʯʱʱѽСѩˮԤƼӹһβ׶Σ
Ϊ˪ˮƷӹҪӷɱӣԳǶһǲ
ġ˿ǵԤƼƷ⣬6ԪĻҪúܼ
ûʽȥдΪزУΪ˽
׮̣뾡취ʣͨλũͨصѺķʽ
Ԫ˽һҹ飬Ӧԭϣ
Ʒæһ£ֽȫ·ʯ͵37·
װʱǰ󣬺ѩ׷ɣ·СҺֳ
ʩ鹤ˣһϣһ򱱡̿
Сǰ·պͷżˣǰֽ̿㲻ˡȫ
˹ϣ˹ȥҼ׷λ
ҪǧԪϽع˽˹ʰߣȻع
ٳȥҪǮǮ͸ʡȥҪǮһֱ¶ʮţλżˡ

Щ꣬ÿ궼ҪҪǮ¶ʮţҴҸ̼ҹŹ
ǰ۵·ʲôˡҪծҲһһ
ӿţһֱʮ޼ƿʩ2000굽2009꣬ɹ̾꣬
Ĵڶݼҽծȹġڷѧؼҵ·ϣҲʱᱻҪծ
ĸϣһ·׷쵽ǵסЩӣÿҾͻһ
ţ֪ҪծˡҲʹʱҺǸоûԼ
ռ䣬ֱڣĪĿ־塣 

20026ԪĹ̿Ҫ11ꡣÿȥҪǮ˵û
в·Ÿ쵼˵Ǯ͸ɴ
Ҳˡ2013ף6Ԫڰ90һԽ54
20026ԪһС͵ĵԪ¥ʱȴֻһˡ 

ڹ

ڹأ빤ǳϦദµľǰȫ¹ʡ¹ʶڿ
䣬ſѪڣʱ̿ǣǡ 

Զ2002ǳ¹ʡȻһ䣬һجΣ
һֱĵףںҹ

ʱ̸꣬һֱûʲôɫϣ;֯ҧ֡ 
һûκԤ׵ƽ磬ڳǷ·Զ벻ˣ
ͻȻ̶ĵ绰ը죬͵شһȻֲԤС
Ƶ˵£˵

Ҷپ٣סʣʲô£˵ɣҲ¡

ˡ

ĸ⣿ǼǸôģһ

ͻһˣùЪһЪȥ
ҹؼԱգû뵽뿪ͽӵ绰վ󶷸
˵ŻͻȻˤ׿·ˮϡұץ
120 ߸˹ѾˣҽԺͽ̫ƽ䡣

绰ҵĴ˲һƬհףľһ㣬óʱ仺
ᡣ֪ʲôֻʲôӭҡ˵ҪȥϺ
ҽǮˡûҸ߸ףϻ𡣴ҴҸ绰
һѣŮ͵׶԰ޡһ׼ͦԼ
һУá֡裬Źʲô˲ˣҲûʲô
η壬ӱܵˣһжңһŮеɡģע
ģɡ 

ҹڴӿĸĸסݣ
ҲûУȻú͵ƣƵĵƹ£λ˵ı顣ó
Ʒ͸ոս2000Ǯ˵˰جĴλ
ȴƽĸ׳̴û˵ĸն
ͣþû³һ֣Ȼðһ䣺֪
һ졣仰Һܾ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˿
Ǳ˺ܾˣ˵һ䣺ȥʱʹ󶷵һΣ
Ǵǵӵ

Ȼ˿ʼؽ⻼ﲡϲƣں
þ͸˻飬һ˴ŸѧĶӡũæʱŪׯڣũ
򹤡λһֱٺȾƣעⰲȫȥ
ֺ˵ƣȥû

һġĸظһ䡣˵֪
ôοԿˣҲ֪ӭҵĻʲôҸ
ΪΪܾܲ˰ˣû˵Ҹǳֱ
ȥҽԺ

ҽԺ̫ƽĶӺֶӣҵļݶѵˡ
һϡͱ𣬼Ѿǵһˡҵ
̣ ȻүүȻҸոձҵĸȥҽԺС
ŵöӶ۵ĵطһ־ͽȫϻ伲
ҽҲԸĵطԼвŲĵ飬ȴûӱܵ
ɡں̫ƽ䣬͹Լ׵ˣҵĸףһҹҲ
ôţ

ڶϣһҹδߵҸϻسӡĸĸסֵܽãھ
ѷ׷ˣѹѹվһԺӡ֧ʹ峤Ҳˣһ
ݵķ١ǳ£֣ҪˡҰ龭һ飬
ڳĹǸ˵ʱ龰˵һᰴշɹ涨⳥
ֲܣµȰưᣬȥΪ̫ˣһ
һкҲλˣѼλֱϵ֧λݷ
취Ȼ£Ϊʧȥѹġֵġ
ɿġ ˵˵ѴȰˡһЩ˳ٳٲȥ

֧⳥Ҫһ֡ұԼ̬ȣ
ϾµģȻҴǳѣ¸ڽǮҵ𲽾
˲ңҾжΡ֣㣬Ҳû
ݣȫ˷ɱ׼̸вɢ˰£ҽԺ̫
ƽתǹݣԷҪǵľ޶⳥Ͳ
ᡣ£ӵ˼֣һһ죬ſҪǮȥ
вλˣͬᣬͲˡλΪѵ
ӣǸеѹȥҪο˺ͺӣЩ˲
취οǣҲ찲⣬ǽŵǺȥһ
ȡĳ롣

һδεذȰοŵղˣɤ˻ƣȴʼûн
˵ԼԺˣҪȥԺߡѯʦ¹⳥涨ͬ
ߣϣ;׽⡣Ƹʦ׼Ӧߡ֪
ҪӦߣԷίд֧λݷӻʾԸЭ̽ 

Ҳ֪һֱϵ¶ҪǮ
ǮҪֺˡӻС壬Ǳʵռ
Լ 

ҵ֢ڣƵķ˽ҵ
ѽǮ⳥ܽĶˣȻ޷ȫ塣Ұѽ赽Ǯȫ
µĶԷˡίᣬʣµĴ˽4ֵĸ߶Ϣһ
 

£ǼҵӪţҵʼ׼Ļɸɣ
ץҪǷ̯ɹ̣С繤ֻ
Ǽҳ㷹֮һӰͻǴǵһ
СݳԷи˳˿Źǿ˺²ʲȥϽ͵
ҽԺȡ°ˣֵֻ໤ʿˡҹ͵ҽԺ
˼һҹǳԼûȥǶһֱס
أаֻҪûд¹ʣո㰢ӷˣ¹ʻ
ǡ

2009꣬Ԥƹ̻β豸ͣʱԼҺѹ豸ȴ
תã󰴷ϾɸļǮ͵˻վᣬȥ
ǷծԽԽֵ࣬ԽԽ٣ܹġ

ɹʮ꣬󲻵ûϷӣ׬Ǯծۣ
ǲٸˡ

ֿʼƯ򹤵ӡ



ҳô󣬴ûܹһελ֯죬ûһۺϼ顣
ϰʱδŮμӵλ֯졣λ֯ʱǡ
УиҲμӵλ죬ֶһ٣ʱȷôġ
һԸأϲİԸַʽѯʡ飻ǵ̫С
Сһ˵ȥҽԺͻ޶˵ؿ־ų⡣

ͯǶôҸżһ㲻ĸ׾ͻϽ
ȥҽԺ飬һֱҽԺ־ңڰְгĺϣ
һ˵ҪȥҽԺͻȻоӲˡŸףְ֣ҶӲ
ˣǻؼҰɣȥҽԺˡְתͷң΢΢Цţһʣ
ôûͺˣĲ𣿡ƴصͷְĲˣ
ǿؼҰɣ軹ûԷءְֵתͷҵķȥ
ں棬͸ҵһȤ϶ôûҽԺͲˣ
˵ҪȥҽԺŵöǶǲ˰ɣڰְ֡¹гϣ
§ŰְֵΪ޵ӣġůůģ
Ҷһ˵Ĳˣһ˵ҽԺ
ǾͲˡһڰ˵Цһˡ

ЩůĻ䣬Ϊҽǿج˵ԴȪʼ
ţаˣͻϣ档СʱͲȥҽԺڸȥˣ
ֻǹ˼ɵԭȻȫͬʱˣۡΪûҽû
Ǯһ涼޷ϵˣûʸġȻ
ƱƵѡҡ

2001꣬ͬѧȥһλҽԺͬѧ񴺼顣Դ¸ڣ
ԭҸӳĬˣеͬѧȦӣһϢػţ
κˡαһ뵽ҽԺѾо
һֻǯӰӲֽؾסˡ뵽ô꣬һֱ׽
һչңƴأȻŶҽԺ־壬Ӳ
ͷƤˡ飬ϢʱԴеϬ
ҿһûòãϾǶͬѧǶҵġ
ƽ˵ҿɫãҲɡ
Щܣɾò÷ͬѧ⣬ͽ˼顣

ӹһ2.5ֵļⲻ˵ӹŮԳ
෢긾Ůв30֢꣬״е̫ˡ֪ҵʱ
ĴҪ죬һΣԱƣ
Ѹ٣߳5֣Ҫǧٿ׵ң
˵һ۵ļ㰵ôܱ
Ǯְһأ

ڳʱᣬ־ҵļúܿ졣ÿٶҪ
첻ֹһҪǼѪİɫҺ塣
ŮԳõֳ˿״ңҸҴȹӣҲҪ
źĺɫ㣬ҾҲֻбӲһϽ
ȥ䣬Ȼһͻ͸Ⱦӡ˯Ҫϳ㣬
»Ҫ۵ԡƲס򴲵ĺӡҪһͻ
еӿ´ѾһƬÿ٣ۣߵ̫
ãȴҪıܱաɹ̡ծǮƶ
°Ϊ̣ǮȥҽΣһ
Ϊһͱš

мǲԸŵġݵ˿ΪһСС籯
ʳвңûʸҽΣ̾һ鶼ûС
ԼСʱżи۸ðĸ׽ŵΣлĸϥµЩӣ
Ƕôݳ޵ܰȥ飬̸ҽΣֻ
ţ䷢չ

2005ףϺĴýȥڡʱǽǮҵʽ
ת飬ñǰˡһȥϺһʲСĿ֧ο
·ûУܸоⲻȥ꣬Ǽ£Ȼ˶ծĿ
ζȥһֱϺýȥĸˣ
ȥɢɢģ飬һ굽ͷ̫ˡ

һҿϿϺмҽԺƵӹ
ֻҪλλƵжϼӹӣʹ
ӹѪήήĲдųЧ죬С
̺ۡЩĶˣһɶħʱʱҵ
Ƕôܰ𰡣ֶΣϣģ
ûаָ̺ۣ졣ֶԱȥϺ˵Լ뷨ȥһϺôԶ
·ѿ֧Ϊȥ꣬ļͥʵ̫ݳˡ
ܣȥϺͬˣ˵ȥУ
輸ǮȥƵơ

·ֳ⣬ܲǸ˽Ǯο´δ͸¶ǡ
иǰͬҲ¸ְˮƷ⣬ͨݵĹϵÿ괺
λ绰費Ҫְæ˵Ҫ
ҳԲ䶳Ʒ̫˲ʺŮ˸ɣÿܴҪƱװ
ҸɲˡΪȥϺβΪ˽·ѣҧҧ˵С 

ҴϺ£ñӿ֣ͺһϵ齺
ףͬʱĲֿ⡣Ѿˣǿ׳ӣ
ҲǸһ¸ڹˡĶؽҼҶ׼
£ӭĵЩ޷ĵ¸ڹˣû˻ʱ
򹤡ҵͷһ仰˵ˣһ㡢
㡢˺װ䣬̯Ѿñֽ̺õĵϣȻƱҪ֤ÿһ
ٰÿҵλҪ³ءװ䡢װΪ䶳Ʒ
ҹҹץװߡ

ӰæϣҲ˲óԣ˸ɵúܿ죬ˮ߷ʽ
жװƱءװװ˾˻ҵɻ
Ǽǡ٣ۣѪӿˮ
ȴӵ䶳Ʒͣ¡
ӡ䶳Ʒ¶ȼ䣬һ˲ʹ͸˺ףѾһ
磬ϣ˲Ҳ᲻óȥµġ첲ģ
ҧţڱĴ̴ˣֱð麹
ȣ䡣źѪˮ͸һ

ֿһƫƧĳû䣬Ҳûʱȥ
۵ܣһ亹ͷϡðÿվһΣеһ
Ķ˳˵ˮͷʧȥ˿ơѾȫľˣ֪
ʲôʹۡ䣬ֻһ̨֪ƣĻһеٵת
һֱæ12㣬ѵȫƱװ䣬ûʲôҪˣ
ŵڶ

ͬ˼ųƱ˵Ů˸ɵģһæȥ
úЪЪˡҿĳƱȥϺ·ѣ
Ҳ˵Բ˼ҲˡͬȻҪְæģر
Ʒʱԣؽ¸ְ´˭ʱ
Ļأ

صסҲŷֿӸһ𣬺ˮѪˮˮ
ţҸеʹ䡢ƣ롣ϴһ£һͷ̱˴ϡڶ
Ѿˣ뵽ȥϺĳƱ뵽Ҫȥβǿľ֧
ּһ룬ܹ룬˼һ
൱Ĺʡͬ¸ǹʣֶֻȱһ
㣬ǻȥúùꡣ

ʱ¶ʮ磬˿Դպϣһ굽ͷŹ꣬ܲ
һϣһϲûСǮŮȥϻ45ԪǮŮ
һ£ӺЬɴ㴩ʣġʣµǮùһ
ȥϺǰҰͬ͵ֿһףһ׼
ĹźʹýһҡְִⲻҪǶȥϺ͸šְֿ
һɵĺɫ£ó300ԪǮ޷

ΪСŮңΪ׾ТҪΪҲģҲ
ƿ׵֣Ǯŵϣ˵Ǯȥ޷
Щಡ͸Ѫѹĸһɫͻᷢ죬Ѫѹ
ƽʱμѣв飬¹ʵ飬ҴӲڸ
ǰ¶䣬չ˸ǲТ˸Ųľ͸ˡ
ģֻж˳ģΪҲġһô˵ú
ãģ˻Ůöôס¸ĸģ
㡢ǸˣĪĸĸɫˣҸϽ˵ְ
ţȥ

ҵû򣬳⣬Ǯĵطࡣаְµ300ԪǮ
¶ʮһ˿ϺĻ𳵡һ˹·
ټ۸˵ģϵǻؼҹũ񹤡ûпյů
ϣƶıѣƱе·
óϣǸϲߺ䡣19Сʱ˴һͶ
ˡ ڶʮ㣬Ϻ

³壬ѭŵַҵǼҽԺ˵7ˣ
Ƕ෢ԵģѾƶѪ5ڣˣ
Ƶƻ鷳һЩӦ֢ΧڡãҪ6000Ԫ
Һһۣ˵ȥһ£ĬĬ߳ҽԺȥ·Ƕ˵
ýǮûбİ취ǻصң˭Ҳ˵ڣ
˿Ҫװûµӡÿһ죬ǶھᣬԤƳʱ
ҲýǮûһǮôſڽǮأһֱ뿪
Ҳû˵£ûǮβϣִŲʺʧ顣

ԽԽҸоԽԽѣΣҲѸ½ÿ
٣һ̣۵ð麹ǴʱһŴ򹤣ܹ
һʱ֮Ѯƶӵʵ̫ҪˣҸϧ
ᡣȻȻص˹պ˫յĽޣÿ࣬٣
ʹʹ̣ҲǼšȻأԽԽû¥칫
ҶᴭϢܾã޷°ˡûܵǮһ綯ȴͣ
ҲûСÿҪ֧ܣͣһҪڰ죬ֺ
ҲΪûͣʱһ˯кӱ
أѣŸеӲӲģܡ 

ʵڲˣ¾߽ҽԺ˼顣ܿˣ෢
ӹѾ11֣8֡9ֵĸһһ5֡3
֡2ֵģӹ˴ССļһѹӽһ˹
ǻɴӹӲ6СҺɱԣϲף
ǨΪʹҡͷ̾ôص֢״Щôģ
гӹˡʴһҪʸܲܲ
΢ӹأбһ˵ʲôȥˣô
΢ӹƬ˵ɣܱסѾˡ

ЩССļľ֣һȦȦڣγһ
ƵİˣҵĽͬʱ¼Щ꾭
ĥѺͿʹ巢֮ĸô䰮Լ壬䰮ĸ
áҲ°̺ۣгӹӴ˳ΪһȱŮˡ
ҵѾȱˣûĸףʧȥ˹ûбϣҲûаȫУ
ݿɣһһƮҡѵϲԻҪʧȥΪŮҪ
Ķ

Ҳģһߣʲô鶼ϲΪʲô
˲֮ͰԭҵĶһһߣ滶
һҸɺԶһ40꣬;ȴܵشݲкͳ
˺ۣʧȥΪһŮδһʲ
ôϺͱϣʲôȥ

ķ뻩䣬Ҳǣк顣ʹһʱģ
ȴ˿˿ơ಻нϴ񡣵Ϊһѡ񣬵һ
Ů˵źϣȥͳɫЩ̺
ֻʲô壿˺ܾãһΣҲίԼҲԸⱻ
ƤԶİ̺ۣıժһֻһժΪŮ
ҪĶӴ˲ȱȫȴŸɺԶ

ŲѯѰһܹӹҴ⣬
޳ͲˡʹʧȥĻᣬҲҪ֤
Ψһļ֡ʱһλѰϵ˵һλȨ
ΣҵҪΡϵ˼飬˵
ļǳһֻгӹǵôᣬû
лϣʾҵ飬Ը⾡ȫΪ޳

ͷϲ¶ʴȵЦ2012127գʮĽ
Ĵѩ̨ҵģһԶĨȥİ̺ۡ

ʮԺ»صǸůȴδùļҡںļ
ԴϢһ£кת³ˣҼֻصǸʱϢ
ϰˡȫǮԷѣڼûйʣҵøϽ
࣬Ϊÿ800Ԫ΢롭

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ʽûʧ

                       ƺ

׷ƽʿ˵յѡͳƶ
һˡΪ־ʽʧܡʵϣĽ
ۻΪʱ硣ֱϵĵˣܿʽЧƵı
֡

һ̽⳵ͶŵһŨֵϣֻܿ
Χ׵ľ롣㲻ΪβȼϡάⵣģҪҵ
һߵ㡣ô

һַǼ¼㾭ÿһطϵͳԵܱһÿ
䡣ڼѧϵͳԵпܵ·ҵĿķ
Ϊͼgraph searchÿ·ڵֻһεĻ
ֱΪ״tree search

ͼҪ¼о·ÿѡǰҪһǷѷ
ʹ·ʵѡ˵ͼ
Ҫܿ޷ʵʴﵽġ磬ģɵ·нܣ
Щ֮໥ӡҪͨͼķҵŻַ
Ƿǳѵġ

ֻҪҵĿع·⣬ᵽļɵ·
Ż⣬Բνֲlocal search)ֲֻ
ǵǰ״¿ѡ·ݣ¼ѾЩ·Ҳ
ҪЩʷ·бȽϣӶԴ󽵵ͶԴռͼҪ


Ѱ߷㲻ȥֻһ
ߵ̽⳵ܡֻҪܵʱ㹻
ҵߵ㡣ȫЧ̫͡Բȡɽ
hill climbingÿֻѡܹߴߵ·

ɽЧʺܸߣҵصߵ㡣Ҳ
ġܿھֲĸ߷²޷ȫָ߷塣

ھֲ߷޵⣬ǿԲáķҲ
ÿεһɽû·ʱ̫մȥͶŵ
ϵطɽǾֲ߷ĵΣҪ
ַͱԽԽȫɽĸЧҲԽԽС
ǣѧ뵽һֿԽɽƵ㷨Ϊ
ģ˻𡱡

Ȼаڵľ󲿷޻ﶼǶྦྷ塪ֲԭ΢С
ľʽУЩ΢֮ȴǲؼһֻˮ
ĵ壬ȫᾧĲҲù͸Ǳ΢֮
䲻ٽɢ䡣

һʦϣĽܾؽһ龧壬
Ľڻϼȵȷ״̬ýеԭӻ㹻ԭ
Ľᾧ״̬׼½ᾧ

ڽȴ½ᾧĹУ㲻ô壬ڽᾧ
ԭӣҪھֲɻɵ΢壬뾡ܱԭһ
ɾһ塣Ž¶ȵĽͣôҲԽԽС
ȲϣѽɾԭȫɢϣЩԭܵ㹻ĳ
ܹܱ΢ٽᾧ

ģ˻𡱵㷨ǽһ˼·ɽֻѡϵ
·Ǹпѡ·һѡֵĿʼ׶Σ
·䵽ıѡʺܽӽܽӽȫʽ
ݽ·õıѡԽԽߣҲԽԽӽɽ
ʵģ˻㷨ڳģɵ·ֵ֡ȸӵ
Уõ˹㷺ĳɹӦá

ƶȵѡһ˸ӵŻ⡣ᣬ
һ׶ԵĶ塣

ڹȥʮͨͥʵ10%˺ͷǹ
Աʵʱнʮˮƽìܡֲ
вҲʵʵڵӰǵȻκ;ƶȵѡ
֪ʶӺý徫ӢȴձԸܡʷսᡱĹ۵㣺еƶȰ
ţܻ΢Ŀռ䣬ԣѾе
ռѡˡ

Ҫ˰Ǽ˰ҪС͹͵м
ҵ磬ڡóסɾЩνʢٹʶ
ȴû顣ƵģӦøݻǸضԴ˹֣
Ӧýܸ໹Ǹٵɺͱɿԣڵ˹
ԭּ巢չҪԭ򡪡ڡȨı䡱
Ԥ⽻ߣɶɡ

յĵѡԿƶŻеġģ˻𡱡ܴӾֲ
ܶ෽涼˲ӻûֳȴֲ߳
壬޷ЧᰲŷչģɱĶ
ǿ󡱣Ĵۣܹõδ

Ȼǰǡɱ㡱δʷѧһˣҲ˵δ
սƶȫƶȵķչĻйִḶ̌
ڵʱ˵Щ仯ǻԵѡʹյĵѡ
õƶȰţƵΪۣҲò˵ƶȰ
ŵʧܡĿǰַջ

вպϣաīëȽϣЩ
պЩ˵һشһ顢ֻӡд
140ֵѧϣաīᡢ˹ֵë󶫣ǿ
顢дġꡱ仰˵յרƺӣֻǳ
֪ȱĽʶָ̬µı̬δرȴ
ȨƵ԰˸רơӺԱֻ
ǲεر˳ߵİũġꡱȷʵ£
ǻֻŵһ֣ʺ͹۵ľ

ңյʵķƶȺҲ
ЧطԼáղýսڵĻʱ
ҪƷѲܣοʶĵ
ڲյĵѡζšƫ͡ӡʤԾ
յ֧˵ѡգǡΪƫӣ
ǡܡƫӣմǰΨһϣ
Ҳţʽ𶯺ͳʽŻܵ
Ч֡

ݲο

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?graph_id=195323
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?graph_id=206232


ʡ³Ѹë󶫣ʮйĻ

                         ܷۡ

20161217պʵ125꣩

һ

ϣܺõ¹⡣

¹µĺһֻĻĺɿ˳򣬡

Ƕʮйʷ¹⣬

ʮ͵йʷƼǰĸΣֱ
Ļ˶Ļνɣ

ʷϣκιҵİʷûжʮйİʷ
ô࣬ôңô׳ô磬ôϷԡйʷ
ʷ񳤽֮ˮӳɽ롢ƹɽֻϿôһ
Сڣô׳۵Ķʮʷǿɹѡʷȴʷ
ֻڼздУСˡʮ͵ÿй˶ʷС˵ļ
ɳµĲ

1917ģһصйʷʫð׻˵
ѻ뿴ա You shall see the difference now 
that we are back again.Ǹɿĺ

1917꣬ʮ¸һ죬

Ҳһ꣬ʷѧάͶԶʮййһжϣ
й״ԹʼԹա

1918Ĵ죬һձѧ˾ű¼
ʯ꣬ڳ¶㴴ġ꡷Ͽ˽ִйʷϵһ
С˵ռǡ

1921죬һĺһֽɡѵ
йϷ忪ҰջŢҰϣҪȥԴúֵȼ
𣬡

ȥһ꣬˶йĻӰһǺʣһ³Ѹ
һë󶫡

йʷϣں֮ǰûһ뵽׻Ŀһѧ
뵽ˡ

йʷϣ³Ѹ֮ǰûһ뵽ѧѧ⣬
ĻĻ⣬³Ѹ뵽ˡ

йʷϣë֮ǰûһ뵽ηʽֶ
йͳĻ⣬ë뵽ˡ

1921йִʷһĽ㡣һʷһҵ
䶯ѨĻʷ·

1921֮ǰйոһɳ¶㡢ʡ³ѸȿĻ
Ϊйʷ·ṩµĻԴѧܿ
Ļϵ˹º͵ıءѧĻ˵ʱĺ
ѧֻ³Ѹëɡ

1921ģһȺ˲ʮ¸Ļ֡ⳡĻ˶ë
Դȼļĸһ֮Ժйʷˡ



³ѸĻԴʲô

1915ɳ¶㴴ġ꡷ᳫѧת빲
Ժ󣬡꡷˼תᳫ壬19209¸ΪϺ
СĻؿ19231926Ϊйۿǡ꡷
չọ̈̄ҲĻ˶չȫ̡

ӡ꡷Ļ˶ĹУ³ѸʷһҪ
Ҫѧ꣬Ļѧ
ĻΪʲôô֡ϴԡ³Ѹʹйѧִ
̽˶ԽӣӶۼ˾޴ĻԴ

ʷϣֻë󶫿ѧǱڵ
ѧ̸³ѸƼıϴԵ궼ǷȨĶʿʯ־Ļ
ļҳȨڵʱйĴ˷ǵʱʱֺͳ

սʧܵҪԭ򣬾Ļ˶񵳴
ûռʶ̬ĸߵأʼ˳¶ִʶ̬֮ţ
֮λӮһ

ëһоǽĻ˶ĻԴǽһ
ûĻ˶ĻԴë󶫲ܴܽʯ
ʯı̣ĻıĻʤë˵³Ѹķ
δйķ򣬾ָĻ˶δйʷķë
ѧİ׻ĵйһʦԷģʦ
ģҲǷʵġйʹõԵķ֣³Ѹë
µķʽëڶȡȨ³ѸĻԽ顣

ȥһ꣬йʷʲô

˶άºҪִƺ֪ʶ
ִ±̫ƽš
ִµ֧ڹؼʷϣ֧ѹŸı
½̣Ը´֮

йʷִµתУ³Ѹëйһ
ĻϵĽڶʮеëʹУë󶫽³
ѸĻԴʤ

ʯϧ½ʱε˵й˶ǣûа취
ˣ֪ѧëʤʵĻսʤĻ



ģ֪ҹԼҵĹֽˡ

ʨƵģӵĽƻ

Դú찲ŵ·ģڼѵ˶ʮ1949죬
µڳɹص߸һĻƶȣһȺõ
Ⱥվ찲ų¥йӴվˣ

ëȥԴúȼֵʮĸѳɹ
ĸʵĳɹȴĻʧܡʶйй
ǧйһ漯ƺĹ壬
һĽһԸԼҲҪͼ⿪ʷΰˣ
Ҫʷĺڰ顣

ëйͳĻģص֪һĻ
һʹȴһͳصˡص˶
ˣһˡѹ˵ƶȿԱ߸ѹ˵ƶ
ĸԴѹ˵Ļëһߣٴζѹ˵Ļ
ˡ

ĸë󶫼ʸĻ˶ԴһϴԵйͳ
һνֶνĻ⡣

ëһߣߵһ籩һҪΪ
籩ģҪ÷籩øЩʹϲеˣ
ȴǸ硣ֻڱвܻþꡣ
ʱڱһģһ׷Ѫȣһ׷ʱ
ѪȡԵ̫ΰҲ̫Ե֮ΰΪľ
ԣֻбԵܾһٵᡣ

ëǰûκϰһʷУ˵
ǷǳεģûпѡԵġֻڴʷ
ǺģʷûԵڴֵԾˣǹ
ķԹһ⣭滹ǻ𡱣To be or not to be.)

ë󶫵ΰ֮ë˼֮ʵ֮ɹԤ֮׼ȷ
֮磬ٲȻ˼ʷϵѧۡʹÿ˶ѣ
һԱʵˡɯ΢ЦϤԵ㡪ʷ
ĺǰÿ˶ˣСվӣӱܣ̰Ե
תʹ񶼳ķ񱼡ĸÿ
˶һȫԼĺңë˼Ļ֮ڡ

ë󶫵Ļִһ⣬ȴΪĸ
ɵĴĸëɫںĸȴ
߸ΪɫѻĸһĻֵҪ¹Ƕôǰ
ںĸһб¹ĻֵҪ飬Ƕôأ
ĶҪµߵ񶨵ĶҪ֮񶨡

ġ

ȥһ꣬йĻϵ׷ʲô£

ȥһ꣬йĻһĻ˶¶㡢
ʺ³Ѹģڶĸëǲٵ֣һǸĸСƽ
̡Ѫ׶ˡйȥˣë
Ļ˵ һŷһһػݴ

ʡ³ѸëνĻǣаϹ顣׺
ʯ١߶ţ뺣ĶϡϡĶϡϡǶϣ޿
ϣ

Ů˵һʱĻ

Ů˵棬͵ĿŰֻڵĺպıȣ
գն졣ڵŮȱʱڵĻϣΪ
ˣ˾Ͷˣ˾ˡ

˵Ļһʱ档

˵棬¶㡢ʺ³Ѹڵ˺ʱıȣ
֪ʶĻǼ֪ʶĻûʱڵĻ
Ϊˣ˾Ͷˣ˾ˡ

ǽʯͳʱڵлǲֻ
ıӰǵʱڣ1912-1927Ķ̶ʮ꣬
ʱˣһݾǻá̹ʶ̬Ľǯơ

һŮ棬

찲ϵǸл棬һߵ棬Ļ
սһĻ

άǺʷѧңʷ֪£ؿйĻ
ѵĽ֣߶Գ

塢

ǺãɫҲˡҪ㣬ô

ΪȻˡĴ

˭

Ǵӡռǡƻƾ߳ģǺʡ³Ѹë󶫣
㣬ңǣǣǣһꡣ

³ѸǶʮйĻһë³ѸĻϵļ̳
ͬ·ˣëĻԪڽ̻ˡһһʱڽ
лĶԺǸʱײ³Ѹ
̸ļǰΪë󶫵ѳƷ

һĻļǰ󵨵ļ裬Сĵ֤



ҹϸ¥·

´ղڣΪ㲡

ѰǧٶȣȻףȴڣƻɺ

άڡ˼ʻнڱ֡˼
ѧؾ硣ʵγйʷĻؾ磬Ȼ
ѰǧٶȣȻףȴڣƻɺľںδ³ѸĻ
Ļûп⾳磬ë󶫵ηʽĸﱩûп⾳硣
Ǹڵƻɺ˭

Ǹڡ󵨵ļ裬Сĵ֤ѵȥĺ֮

ߡ

ϣܺõ¹⡣

Ҳʮꣻˣˬ졣֪ǰʮ
꣬ȫǷ裻ȻʮСġȻԼҵĹԿأ

µ

ռǡǶʮй˼ĻԡʷѧƵ¸˵
йڴԬʯë󶫺͵Сƽ֮֮͡;
ЩµԼҺԼҵĹ漯ƺĹ壬
ĻĻ


עͣ
١ڡۡܣ³Ѹġռǡ

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ڷƮ

          Ӧɡٺꡢӣ÷ݼ

Ҫ

Amy HuŮˣ49꣬ڴѧ£ϣļᶨ֧ߡ
Ļ裬Ĺ裬ĶΧͶƱϣڡ

ĽBill Xia)ɷ52꣬ʿĿǰְҵǽڹ˾
Աʡ

ϣHope Woods44꣬ŮԣڵɵһҸ߿Ƽ˾£
겻ǰѣŦԼѡͶƱա

᣺ĽĸףԼ75꣬Ǹָƶȵߡڴѡ
ĸԶҡڲʶ

Eric XiaĽͺĶӣ18꣬ڹѧ飬
ֲ֧ᡤɣ˹Bernie Sandersδڵ绰֡

ɵ¡ȣDonald Woods: ϣİϹ40꣬Ъˣǰ
ڸϰࡣȵĴ֧ߣѡ֮ǰǴڵؾѡίԱΡ
δ绰֡

ص㣺ŦԼļҿ

ʱ䣺ѡ֮ҹ 


һ

ŦԼ˹أһв׼ҵĿϡ

᣺50վôˣⶼһ

裬˼ʵ49ôֱˣڼң
Ե˻üʡ˵ǲǣϣ

ϣɲǡ˵꣬һ۵ģġ

᣺ϣдܣֻԽӡԱû

ϣ̣ˣľ²ڽ̫óˣҶƽԵö࣡

᣺Ǿͺã˵Ǹѽ²˶ף

裬˼ϡϲԾ²ˣӾ²ζ

᣺һϡϲϵˮζأѬ˵ûţ

裡˵ɶأ

ϣŰûϵתᣩ̣ˮС¡
鷳ǣܶϰ߲һ˵һȥԲһȥ
Ľͽأй˻й˺ã

ᣨǺЦǣӽӽǸҿ
£ȥϴˣģ

¡

˼˵⣡

ϣôᡣʵЩ꣬DonaldȷʵĿġʧҵڼң
Ǽѡ̾

ҵ֪ģû뵽Ҳǣ
һң

ϣۺᣩáˮƽͣһ˹ҲСǣ
ƣʱʱҷƢЦ۷־ء

ôذ

ϣվңҵûʲôúܶ˵Ϊ
Щ˵ӿ룬˵ԽԽ⡣

ʲôǸҡ

ϣŮ̸ˣԷǸˡɵˣֱȥ
зĸҪǶϾ

ôذҾͲˣ
׷أ

ϣ˼˵ˣʱ᲻£ǵ˻Ȳyellow fever
Ůʣ

ƨ

ϣֻף֣ô˵أ

ôܣӿֱɡ

򿪵ӡ

ϣҲĴѡ

ϣôܲģɵǵشվѡίԱء

վʲôʲôһ͵ˣΪܹѧ
ĶӦˣ֧Ŷԣ

ϣɵǰˡ˵ʱ˭أ

ʲô

ϣǷŭİˣΪ͵ʹǵľ

ֹ֧͵Ҳˣִ֧̫ףûκʱ
ŮԣӲмˣܻ𳵣໰ϣ
ͶƱ

ϣɵأϳǰͶˡ

ƽϣͶ˭

ϣСأա

ɵѡɵҿ⣬һŮԡǱ
ɵϴ𣿣

ϣԼѡ

ڣû뵽û뵽Ҽӭһۣ

ϣóһϣۡҲǡۡ

ǡϣۡҽϣɲǡϣġϣŶ

һ̹Ϲϣξ档

᣺ʲôĵô֣Եϣ

ϣתƻ⣩ʰ̻ѡ˭

ֲǹ񣡡裬Ҫѡͳѡһ
ǹ͵

᣺зֱ

ϣЦ̣ô˵ɡҪϰնཻ˰͵Ҫϰ
ٽ˰˵ĸã

᣺ǵȻ͵ѽ

裬ˣİ׿ĺøŶ

᣺ǣɡ

裬Լ紵ߵأ

᣺ҿѡ

ϣ̾Ц

Ӵ裬ˡͿˣһ̫һͷ
ѡ˭

᣺ͷ̫׵㣬Ҳѡ̫̫ôѽ
⽨ô°ࣿҵȥ

ֻǰʮˣ

¡

ڶ

ĽңѳԿ׷ŽڴڴκУ¶
һЦִֻ¶΢ȵɫ

Ľ˹ˣ⴨ôˣ

Ľ塣ţǿԵغӵĽʮֲϰߡ
ͷиŮģԼˡذĽף߹
á

ѽϹôôŻ

Ľ°ȥݶһղȥһͶƱ㡭ô
һڣɲˣ

)㿴˭ˣ

ϣɳվ΢нǰ

ϣ֣ã

Ľãϣǰɣ˵㡭

ϣѺü꣬Ҿ׽һ

Ľתɳ£ף֣㿴ôôأҼ
û

ϣǽӦǵһμ

ĽŮڨô졭У

Ľ£ӣϣϼĵģ

ϣĴɶ

ĽɶҲǴѽи㣬Σ

ϣףô֪ģҲ廪ģ

ĽϲǰһУ㻹ã
ǡϵ¸áС

ģ˵Ľأ

Ľ˵ʲôѽתϣڵ¹ðɣǰһ˭΢
˵ʲôġ

ĽôЩ¶ѽ

ϣǺüǰˡ

ĽҲǵ;˵Ǹ꼶΢ȺҲû롣

һڣУҪȺˣѣ

Ľ㾡Ϲ

뼦ϡ

᣺ѽڹ˾Էˣ뼦ɣ˵ģ

Ľðɡ裬ҲЪ

᣺С֣Ҳ

ϣӴ̣ô극ˣϼѽ

᣺ϣ㲻֪ѽһÿǸʳҪ
᣺ǾһٳԲѽ

ˣ裡˶Ϊ߲ɫء

Ľ裬ϲһס

᣺ֲˣС֣Ʋҵġĸ
㣿ʢˣ

ϣΣ̡ǺðɣҾͳġĸɣ

ϣ㳢ɡǲϲȡ΢ϵļѾˣ

᣺ҵ͸ҹŮһЦеؿĽ
ɫãţȥϴ·ʰ·

¡

ĽǿӣôѾӮºüˣ̫һЩ

٣ϣءȥͶƱվϣͶ
ʥһƱ

ĽҶǴŦԼƱ֣ǿ
ٵϳʵͶͶͶ˭һ

Ľ⻰ɲԡһһҪͶƱ
Ӵ˲ơᣡڶǾҪᶨ֧ϣŽ
ڡ

Ľϣ㿴æ٣ֲˣȵùͷˡ
ǴɽżȻֶٷ򸾣֣ü춼ϴֵġ

㲻ҶˣϣһкǷ򸾵ĺӰءҴֻ
ҳ㿴ѽֻôûˡȥ硣

¡



Ľϣһ𿴵ӣ죬Խ˵ԽȺɳм俿£

Ľ̨CNNFOX

ĽCNNᣬѾˣǻš

ϣĴ磬һҲ֧ϣɣ

Ľһ۰ıӰ

Ľָϣ࣬ʼţISISֶٻ
ᡭ

ϣ˵ĵţֱ̫˼ˣҪǷͨԱϣ
ͱˣ

ĽǡǸŮǰϹҲЦؼʱ̳۶ӣ

ϣɲǣΪĵԣFBIʼŵ顣

ĽȻûʲôֵʼϹһ

ϣϣѡ˺ѾˡһĶ֣һĶ
Ѱ

ĽЩҥɣ˵ϣɱ֪ʲôġ

ϣñȡֽݡƵģ

Ľ㲻ãһ˴۾ĽӢŷһ
žͱˡ

ϣ񱫲ϸ»ŵһûʲôǲܵģ

ԼɳмλñҵùǺĺε
мλá

˼Ӵѡ

ǫ̂ˣ͵ĺ࣬˵ϣĸš
CNNȥ

Ľ˼ô˵ţCNNǿֶClintons News 
NetworkУ ˲Ҫ̫CNN

ϣĴ˵öԣҲ̨

Сߣ˲Ҫ̫ꡭɣ

Ľϣҵĸоһֻϼ޻ĺꡣ

ϣǵġѲգ۵ġ

˭˵Լһûѣ

Ľ˵̫ˣ°ҲѸ֡8ǰǺϣ
ͥ񣬾ѡ˺ÿˡ

ϣ֪Ъ2008ô˵ϣIf she cannot run her 
own house, how can she run the White House? Ҫҷǡһ
£ϣܲԼɷôأ

ĽҲţ˵°ʱƣϣʺϵ
ͳˣ

ϣ˵ʺϵˡ

ĽЪ̴գWhen they go low, we go high!Ͳ
Լôlowˡ

󿴿ϣҿĽ

ЦҸоԼطƵġ

ϣǾ˶ѡ

ãˡնŮԲأع¼ôģܹ
ܣ

Ľ˽ӵĶȥˣ

˵ʲô

ĽȻġƷˡࡣ٩

ϣյĻɫЦͿֶٵȣֱС׼ס

ôһ̣ȴ͵˰©˰ôԵͨڣ

Ľ˼Ҷ˵˹˼ֻǺϷ˰͵©ģ
Լÿ껹Ҫŷٽ˰

Ҫȡް°!

ϣ˵ߣĪһǡܶͨڵı
ǣֻΪ˸һЩѾ˴󲡵˿Ͷûй˾յ˼ң
ֱҪҽƱձˣ



Ľ˼˵ˣֻǷǷ˵ˣǵ̿һȾ
58ģܶǷһӾõˡøĸˡ

ȫůŮԣԶ̥̫β
ȷˣ

Ľ/ϣͬʱǾҪβȷ

ͬʱĬ

ĽվҰͳȥ

ϣվĴ磬

ϣ£

ϣε¡

ĽҪȥ

վָĽĽʵ˵쵽Ͷ˭
Ʊ

Ľңÿ˶ȨɷԼ

ǿˣ㣬ǼһصĴۣ

ϣĴ缴ʹѡ˴գҲȨȡᡣ͸һ


Ц͸һʲôʱĴһӡһǿ
ˣ

Ľ˵ʲôأǸڵˣ

Һ˵ʲôպ˵ʲôǺ˵԰ɣʲô˵Ҹ
ڣ

Ľɲǣһǰϸߣ˼룬
Ǹʲô

: Ϲ

Ľúúã㡰˵ҡϹǳƽˡ

Ľ¡

ϣһֱֻᡢĽһϡ

᣺ôڿӣ첻ϰ

ǡҵõȵϣ﷭̣ʤѡ˵

ĽǹƲˣ

᣺˭ͳҲ

ϣ̣˵öԣԭǲϲκ͵ġ

Ǳ˵ˣҵǻ˿ɲܶԼһĶ
ˣδѡѵòԼĺʱ

᣺ðɺðɣҪ·ٺáˡ

Ľ裬ʲôˣƽ˯ˡϿȥ˯ɡ

᣺ϣķҲʰˡ

ϣ̫ллˣ

᣺˯ˡЩԹȺڣҲϴϴ˯ɣ

裬ҿɲǡԹȺڡ

ϣ̣

Ľһºʾپ裬

¡

ϣֻѽôѾʤˣ

ʲôܰɡЪ˹Щݵ
ûɣҿҵֻô˵

ûسõֻֻţʧޡ

ĽCNNҲϣѡˡڵʲôʱѡ˵ء

ʤˣΪʲôΪ㣬ϣĹ۰Ϊ
ҡѡ˴գŻʤЪֻӮһƱ
ʷˡ㣬Ľ˵ҽ˸ڣѡ˹͵

Ľҿûѡ͵

ŪңҲˣҲ־ӹ

ϣεأĴ磬ҿһǽUBERȥļվ
ɡ

Ľʲôҹˡ

Ľ绰졣

ĽʲôΪյѡƴң޻ͷѾʧˣʱ
ȥ칫ңðɺðɣֱӿǣСʱ͵칫ҡ

ĽףڿڴԿ׵ͬʱκС

Ľ

Ҫȥϰࣿ

Ľǵġǽտ֣

κУ̾ӵĽллϹ

Ľϣ˼Ҫϻذ칫ҡúϢ

ϣĴࡣҹ￪Сģ

ϣĽš

ֿΡ

ϣƣĴమ㣡

ϷˣɶġҸղż˵⡭

ĳ

ϣֻͬʱǸ̨һǽӵ绰

ιӡ㻹û˯ллǵաͬѧһ
ѡˣл˵ǶϣѡӦôңһ
٣ϵѾʽдҽڰϽ

̨ⲽϣվλ

Ҫ׼ʾò׿Ϲ𣬻
ҪѧϰΪءǹˣ֪ʾûáΪϳ٣
ҲȲѵĻ衭̶ְֺܺáι⺢
ӣô˵Ҿ͹ˣ

µ绰תͷϣ˵绰ĬĬϣꡣ

Ϲ

ϣԡҲû뵽Ӯˣǿף˵ϣع
ãһв춼Ϊȥˡã

ףǣ

ϣǣΪʲô˲ߵɳ£Щ
£ģ¡ҲͶĴӮˡ޷ʲôӡ

ϣ££סļ硣

£ǸǿĹңԼƣǿ
ŮˣԼѵӵѡͳһ
ֻŵѧҺȻãǻ˸ӦòˣΪֻ
ҪŬơᣬֻԹȺڡ,һнпܣ
׸裬ڷƮôţ

ֽ𣬵ƹ⽥ϣغ߳

How many roads must a man walk down
Before you can call him a man?

The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.



ڱ༭
Уԣƽ
󡡸壺ꡢʡӡƽ˼¡̫Ӧҡ
֧֣塢٣졢
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.orgxinyusi@yahoo.com
У˿磨New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
Ȩ˿У°ȨУת뱾ϵ
桡http://www.xys.org
http://www.xinyusi.info
http://xys8.dxiong.com
ġ˿¿ŵxys_gb-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
˿վµϣŵxys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
ġ˿֮ѡŵxys_friends-subscribe@yahoogroups.com


