                           ˿µϣ2020615գ

20.06.14ûи
20.06.15, ˿20206º
ʫѩŽҶϵ
ţ죺Ǹ׶¡ĵƵ
˿¶ͬΰе󰡢ܣһŤתºŵĺܣΰ磡
ǬտʵװԢ⡢Feikao ҩǰ;ڽִҽѧļ
͡ʣͱĹ



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

һڣ
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˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣲣
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


ʫ졡ŽҶϵ

ѩŽҶϵꡡ졡 ѩ

Ѷ
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졡 Ө
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˿¶ ڰŽҶ
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ܣһŤת
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̡ܣΰ磡졡 øɺĶ
졡 ˻͵
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֡տʵװԢ⡡
Feikao ҩǰ;ڡ 
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Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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ˣˣҲˡһؼԱжһЩʱ

ӵһ绰˵ҡꡱǳƺ֪Ǹ׵ѡԷܸ
˵ظл˵յȥ̶˺һԭԱ
˼̶͸ˡѧԱܽԱ
ôůȤѣá˵ԱͶԸ
ȥů˻˸Ļ⣬Ȥ

ŸȥʡҽԺҩɵ£ϲȥã
ΪлһЩѡΪǳȥҶԹҽԺ״Ϥ
׾ҷ£ﲾӸҡڱӵһҳ
Լüһĺŷ棬ص￨ͱȷŷ
ҪõҩҲѾд÷档ȥҽڲڣȻ
ȥҽҽָĸȥĸȡҩȵȡȡҩ
ҰѿҩҷšһҪҰѿ͵ӹλŷԺߡ

һȥҽԺ¥ȥһλɭ֢
ѡ˲ֻλڴϣѣԱһλ
ֻ׺ŶԷ֣˵ˡѺ﷢Ŭ
˵ź첻Ļʶƺѵģ֪˵λ
ѱᣬɭ֢ʱԼڶܿɴˡ
ԴΪ䣬Լܽ˲йأվͲţͲš
һλʮ껼ɭ֢ǶôףÿοŸ׷ڿ
ѵÿһǶôϣҽƿƼԻһ塣

ʹ˸׵壬ֵҵǣͷʮ񡣸׵ĺ
ϴڿѧ¥칫ңѧ¥Ҫֹͣʹˣȥ׸ȥ
ϲŰһЩؼҡȥһοѧ¥ףҪϵóҪ
˿ѧ¥šݵȵȣ׸Ӧ˭Ϊһжź
ĸطܹȥ֮ƾżʲôڰ칫
ʲôطһҪšҷκ鶼Ȱ飬ѿܳ
⾡ֹҲµЧʺܸߡͬʱĹ۲Ҳ
ȥĴҪͣڶſڡһЩعص˰
г˵ͣſڣԶԶͻע⵽߸˵Żҹȥ
Щٺá͸һҪչ˼ȴ
Ƕǳ

λѧͬѧҪס˸׵ܸˣ˵ʱ
Զĵ㡣Ϊж㣬ѾҲۣ
׶Իʱ䲻˳ϸѯͬѧǵ˽
㣬Һ͸˵ȥͬѧһλͬѧ³ٵҴͬѧǽʱ
ڿȴѰѿӰںãϰıȽϸߵ
ӰڷͬѧӶ淽㽲ǣʱҿȴĸ
һŸڿſڵĵطͬѧǽʱͿֱӷ
վӭǡΪǳٵȺʱˡײΡΡվ
ͬѧִкҲæµɲʱӿ۽ǺͺС

Ÿȥ԰е·һ̣Ӱ
С⣬ļֱġ͸״кĵظҪ
ֱͦҪȵȡ׺ţͷ߰ҲҪ塣
ƽʱеݣ˵£ʵе㲻ͷġȻŸ
ǰרע˵ӣŸ׶һͬʵʺԼ
ͷͻȻԼȥױֱˣҲߴұȥʪ
۾Զ

ˣˣҲˡΪףȥǰ
Ե顣ֻ֪ҪԼеʹ˲⣬ʹˣ
ˣȻǸдˣ

д2018920գݴѧУʮǰϦΪ׵ġƽ
ڽѧ𡱳֮ʣ


                       ĵƵ

                         

ľ飬Բȱ飬
ү顭ô˵أ

˵ϲŭˡ

ǵģϲŭаֵġϲŭУֺ͹һ
ÿ׷ˡȻﶼ桪˹Ȼͻкڰ
˿Ȼͻв֣ʹࡢˡݺ;ȡ˾˵
бϣԲȱ¹ȫ׻Ҳ˵ʮа˾š

˳ƽ˭ܵ֡㼲һտ
Ӿ͸˵ˡȻһǷǿߣ˵Ĳ
ǵ˵ľִ١١ơǳǱˡʹʱ
ˡɲһ˵һʱ߽ĺҹ

ҹһ˵㾭ɡһںҹԵߣҹ
ְֺĴﶼŹһĶΣаֹ¼ţ
δ֪Ϳ־壬ʱˡʱ˵ĳֻ
ĳ֣ǸǶѽ˻򲻼һյƣ
յƵƹ΢ҲǺõġһյƣһеξͲһˡȣ
İУǵƹ㿴˹ƵĶͶˡ
ߣһյƣȻͻ˼ǰе

ʵһ˵ľִ١١͹Ȼʱһ˺
ҹƵģʱܸԼһյơĵƣĵƵ
ΣĵƵһߵవڣһĹȡ
˵ʱһյĵƻΪȼһߵϣˡ

Ϊĵƣһ˵žһյĵơ

һӣĵģְʧ鳡ʧ⣬
ܱʣźȵȵȵȣһ㡣ˣһ˵ڿ֡
ϲʧ䡢ǷȻ˳澳һ˲
ûˣһ͹ʱҪšһֶһ
ţľͻüǿ澳ҲΪ˳Ҫ֪˵һ
һÿɹˣﶼįᡣһ֮ܳɹ
ΪֵΪٶʧҲѽһǧ
ҪʧȥţʧȥžͻʧȥҡԵ˴Ǳܣ
ǱԼܵġŵУҸͿֻ㣻ŵҲ
һԽԽʵġ

Σһ˵ֹۻһյĵơ

һӣʲôĸĽ׶˳Ҳ
Ҳã㶼ҪԼıģ˳ʱҪΣԣ
ʱҪԷƱԱ֪˲һ˳Ҳһ
ͣûԶ죬ҲԶ꼾ġ˻žһ̬
·һһǰߣõȻʱ뵭Ȼ÷µ±¡
ķ׷ԼЩֹЩƽЩЩɹʧܣ˳
Զһ峵ӣͣתϵѭŴ
ǰСҲ˵еһ֣Ҳеһ֣
ֻȻܡȻ㻹ҪţȥѾȥδԶδֻ֪е
µĲԼġԼԶԼȼϣ

һյĵƣǰĿԶ

һӣƽҲãƽҲãɹҲãʧҲãϲ
㣬˰㣬Ľ㣬˰㣬ͬʱҲ˿㣬˼
㣬㣬ݺ㡭ûϵˡȻС
ʮа˾š֮˵·ţǸеͣйп
ҲעĽ£ֻעǰҪĿԶЩﳤ˷ô
ԼĿԶЩԼͻӵиΪ㳤ԶҰȥġ
ۡʧܡ˳ʱͰۻʧܵһǰ
ɽ壬ԽɽԶǰͿ̹;һƽˣ
ҲȻͻȻ

ҹһ˵ߣҪһյƣ͹ʱҪһյơ
յĵͨ΢ĹСյĵƣڰʱɢڰ
ů¶ʱܷȥͷĿ־壬ʧʱһ̰ο
񣻷УߺָǰеķǧСһյ
ƣϣ룬һִһһһ㣬Ҳ
һбеһ̫

2020522


˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

е󰣨һ)

ͬΰ

զҹϡ
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ɽ
Ұ
߽
񻶸Ц

Ϻ
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е
ô
ҵ˼
䲶׽
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ݵصɽ

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չδ䴺
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Ծڷݵ
е
ѰԼӰ
еĵͷ
ʳ
е𻶶
໥׷Ϸ
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йŵʫʡ
ڵġСƤ
ȻĶ

еһֻ
ë
ﾺӿϫ

ܣһŤת2020ºŵĺ



2020עͬѰ
ʷϺһս
ŰͿ̿
౻Ȼһδ
һֽˮ¥
űջ˽



дһƪ
ܹҩ
¹ڷ
ϰĸȾ߲ʹ
ٿֻ
߳
ȥʹһʢʱ

дһƪ
ͺؿһʯ
Կ

ʮʿͲߵ
ԶϢԶ
 
дһƪ
ܵͶǹ
ȥЩ޳̰ܵ
Щαıݼ
ȫ齺ŵս
Щ
ɰģԳ

дһƪ
ܻû
ùʴԮеҽԱ
ڵľԼæµ־Ը
ûͷβС
ս
ҲƣҲȾ

дһƪ 
ܸдʱ
һ
2020ºгǰ

ļͬ

֪
ҵû
ɽ
ֻ̫һǳһ
ҵûĹЧ
·ʹһ갬
вһ

յĿ
ˮƴŸ
ڼŴǧ귽麺
Ѱҵ

СС
Զǰ
ӣ
Ӻݻĵ

ȴʱһɱ


ΰ磡

̡ܡ

дȥġȥģͼȥǡ 

1.

ʱ򣬻ڿԽɽ·ˮϵ
ˮķҲɳϻ·Ȼɽƣɽϵȴ
ԵĲͬɽϵĸڿԿĴȴֲ˿Ѳ
ӰɽϵĹҲӹԲ˰

Ϊǵ·ʻٹ·ѾʮСʱڸ
ͨ˴Ľ죬̫ˣ಻ϵɽˮһ
רС

Ŵ˿ؿŴ⣬һԴȻˣ˿ȴ
·ķ羰ҪʱƱʱû򵽸ͶƱ
ѡҲûƱˣֻܽӲļһӲ
ʮǰ飬ʱϴѧڣѾʿҵˣ
ΪʡҽѧоԺһоԱ

ãõһλã泯гǰеķ
ʹһҹߣҲû̫Ĳʡڲϰ߳ӵʱ򣬿Ťͷע
Ӵ⡣ŵԱһ긾ŮʮңǵĶһλ
ӵˡʱòԵش˸кûк˵
ͨ޷رܵϳһСʱ֪Ƕڸ
Ľˡ긾ŮFǰæӣƽʱ³ͷһ
üٿǮ룬λΪϸײˡF
ǵһϿõʱһһǮٰ
ͻϼҡ

Ųͬ϶˯ú㡣ڴӺ಻ϵ˯
ӿʼкԼӵͣз桢һեˣһֻӳ
ռǵͼѲ輸ռʶذ˿ע
Ŵ⡣

ԱӰѽŴƤЬ˳˽ָס
һжʰͣˣ˷ڲ輸ϵıֽ

ֽϳǰںġFϳ˷ָͶ
ȥǾһֱڲ輸ϡӵֽʱŵ
Ŀˡӵԥ˵ȥɡȻŰͷŤ
⡣ٹСʱŵĿĵҪˡ

ҪȥһжĵطһڷŴĵͼϲŻʾؼ
СһȫİСǣʱΪѰĲʿ
ʦԶһϣŵˡ


2.

һǰһ죬һ߳Ļ֮ſʦһ΢
ţ˵ʦԶ׶԰ʿҵŵõλʦ
̻壬ԶΨһֱӳƺʦˡڸյAǴѧʿʱ
Ҳǳƺʦģ֪ʲôʱѡȥˡ

ʦ΢ẓ́ܶѧԺĴţůã

Ŵ̶̵ʮе쳣Ͳǰÿʦ΢ţ
ǰ涼ϡš֡ϢûУרдģ
ԡ

ŸϽϢʦǷ񻹺ãûеõͨ
ҲûбֱӲʦĵ绰ȴǡԷѲڷ
Ļ

ڰѿ򵥰źúŵڶٴʡȥAǣص
ԼʿĸУѧУ˸ոմꡢΪȥʿ
׼ʦܺȻ

ʦôʡ

ʦ뿪Aǣ˵ûܶʱһЩط
Ƚ۾ʦܻش˵

ʦ֮ǰ˵ʲô𣿡׷ʡ

ûа˵뵽һЩһֱȥĵطʦ˵

֮ǰʲôʡ

ʦҴ뿪ģ֮ǰԼղصһٶմɹŶ
˴ѧݣȻԼķҲˣõİٶԪҽ
ѧԺһѧԼֻ˼ǧǮѧֻԼ
ģǽСľ㽱ѧ𡱣ֵʦΪʲôи
Զѧ𡱣ֻЦЦʦܻش˵

ֵ֪̲һʦܣ
Ľ͡˿̣ԺĶʦȥ⡣

ǰʦȥأ

һӰߣʱŵڵɽ󴨣
ѧ͹ʱҲ߱ءȷ˵мȥȴû
üȥĵطϵʯ֡УڹŶմɵղأ
ܻȥ»Ǿ⣬Ż֪ʦһֱһδԸ
ȥ̨һʱ䣬Ϊ̨йĴͳĻøһЩ

ǣ֪ȥĸطãã˺ôȥҵһж
һϵʽأ


3.

뿪ѧԺȥ˴ѧݡʦմɲƷ
ЩǰʦҲǰһ˳ΰڷţԪ
壬ٵһ໨ɹޣ⻹һǰѸո
˳ʦһȥ»ʱġһҲ۵Сʦ
Ȥζʮ໨ޡ

ڣ໨޾;չԱߵļ˵ʦдµģ
»Ҥ໨ޡԭˣȴһ´ʧˡ

صţѻѼοûãֻöĬĬص
֪߳ʦ˵ףҲֳ

ȥʿ꣬ԶմΪAǴѧһʿ
ʦҲ˳Ϊĵһʿʦһ˻عģΨһŮ
˴ѧҲʦԼļͥ
ȴ̸ܾãʦѧĶıȹ
ĻҪһЩⲻ˵ǵоòãҪȻĲʿҲ
Ϊʡġ

ҵ뿪ĸУҲ뿪AǣŴδ뿪ʦڹ
ʲôʱϼ㣬Ϣܵõʦļʱظ
ΪʦָͰ뵽˹Ȼѧί
𡣳˹ҲһڸʲôۣĻ
ʦڵѼҾԣʡӣＫԣ
ʦȴᶨ֧֡

ԣȻҵˣܾʦߣδ뿪ʡAҲ
ֻСʱĳ̣Ҳ㣬

ڣʦȴʧˣʧãã˺

뵽ĹĿѾΪǹҼĻԺﻹһ
ʲСĽָ˶ʿ֡Լһζһ
оĿȥļȡһЩչҲһЩûԤϵ⡣
ʱҪԼһѵĴȥ˼ȴ޷һ㡣
Ժʧ˵ʦ

һ£ֱ磬һλһȥѧ
ʦĳǰĸΰѾɢܰͽͷβҲ
ǴΣʦ̸

Ӧû˶ˣڿ棬Ҳ
Ĳ¡˰Ҷȷɳݻƣ¡һƬ
Ҷ˾֣һƬҶȴ˾òң
һƬҪҶ

ϸζʦЩʱͻȻʦȥԣҶ
صϼҡңҲʦܵǾ仰˵ʦֻԼ˼ǧ
Ǯ

԰ǧǮȥأ뵽һ߰Լһ϶
˵ȥĻƱ


4.

˶վŷֶȫһ
ؼоһСسǣǲĽһسǡȿ
վ㳡ʱʼʶԼˡؼеĻվ㳡һҲ
ʡǻվСңԶֵĴֺ͸ʵƷ¥Ҳ
ʡûжٷֱ

ȵ˱ݰ׼ȥ˵ʱŲŷԼԵ
Ⱥ֪ʦĹûиֻ
Զеũ壬һׯأ

žȥҹ֣ûһס

йִڴLEDʾϹʾšʱƽɨ
⼸֡ӲԱͨһסʸ
ػش˵ҶһѡӲֱ
˵˵˼֣ȥɳ

űָķԼİ״ɳϵǣɳ
̵ֵںϵúȻشǰ߹
ֱһλӾԱǸձҵõĴѧϹšЭ
֡

λЭ˵Լ⣬˵һλAǵʮǰ
ϼڶԶڡ

˽ϸͬ½һȻ
˵Ǹǰﲻæ뿪̫ˣ鲻

ɳžһʣϣһʶ֪Զˡ

ɳһЩС꣬һС棬ӪСԡװ
ֲϻ⡣߽飬֪һ
ʱ򣬶Цҡͷ˵֪

ãȻشЩСϳϢַǷЩĿ
ǰţָĴżԼҪҵˣѰ˼
õİ취Զһ»꣬ǰһǿ˹ȥ

һȡ˽ѵûֱʣȵȥһ顣Ȼ
һʡǵ»ܲͬ80%鶼Сѧѧĸ
ϰᣬʣµһЩС˵Щӵһ
ΧǡⱾ飬һûжѡ񣬶ΪҲʦϲ
һ顣ʦ˵ƫΧǡϲеڶгĬҲͬǸ
ȥ˵ΪⱾ
ʮһЩʵй

򵥵ʱóһŰԪĳƱտԱʱʳ
Լ⣺ʣ֪иԶĽ𣿡

ڣԶտԱ

ǵģԶڣǶˣȥѧȥ
عAǴѧڡڶڶĻ磬ҲǸ
ɣŲģЩ

һĲ֪ˡҪ˵ˣĻ絹һ
дС˵ģС˵ĳ˵磬ҲϹӡ˵
Ĳ֪տԱ˵仰ĿһȴǮĹ˿͡

ŵл߳ţãȻڴϡ

ʱ绰ˣѴģǷҵʦʧ˵
ûеʱ𼱣Ҹطú취

ĵģ˵ҪеʱѻȰӦ׼
ʱŸûͷ˵˾䡰ɽǰ·ʹҴҹ
˵绰

ڣİСǵĴϣʼоԼеͻ
һûκ׼ʵ飬δϵǰ֪롣

ʱѾ磬ľȻ߽һҲݣҪһ
ʦϲʿ֮ǰԣǰһμ棬ʦǸ
ʦһӹϹ״ɰѵ
ͼϵҶϵ̬档ʦ˵ʮ
˳ڲƷһѺܲɰҲһμʱ
ʦɰϴɾİ

ڣʦĹȴҲǰζ


5.

Ȼܳﻹ㰲ڷɳϷֻ
ͷʼضʦԻϸΰ֮󷢹ϢǳǸɰ⣬
ʦΨһĶ

201796ա
ţٴף˹ȻѧĿе·ϵ
һͰ𡱣һܺõ㣬ϣһ˳ǵʮǰ
ϲѶʱֻд:ףء֪Ǽ̵
ЩֺʧٴףˣҲ˳͡

ţһϸΰˣһǰȷģڡԣϲѶ
ʱֻ˵ˡףء֡ںˣѾЩ

żǵãʱϢĵڶȥAǣҽԺʦ
ʦȥǰûʲôͬº͵΢Цš

Ǹΰôȷģʡ

ǵģǸΰڡȻŵ˵
һѧУĳ﷢ֵģCT鷢ָβһӰһ˸
ǿCTȷһֱ8ҵ

ûнӻʦԼ˵ȥ

ǸʱԼҲǸΰ֪Ȼйһΰ
Ͻһĸΰǵĸΰ90%ǲԸ׵µģ
ҪҸκͱΡֲԸ׶ûУҲôȾƣ
Ҫ˵ƾԸסԣȻӰѧѪѧϵļָ˸ΰ
ۣҵʱȻΪǸΰҪ졣ҽҲͬҵ
β֯걾˻졣ʦ˵ͣһ£Ҳûʦһ
ˮ

ԼҪһЩǻû֯걾ʵҵ-80ȱ
Ժû׼áͲ˵ˡԼҲȷ
ɵġһֹЩΪϸѾɢѪҺˡ

һתƣΰһǼµһĺ٣
ϵľ漣ˡʦƽ˵

漣Ǽǿ˴ģʦǼǿˡ˵

ǵģҪ˾ˣǾ͸군ˡȻô˵տʼ
ʱһǽܲˡⲡô̯ϣҷֵʱѾ
תˡ

Ϊʲôû緢أʡ

һֱܺãƽʱҲעƹӾʲôġƽʱ
ʲôҲͦãûоøʲô⡣ҪѧУż
Ƿ־ͻ

΢ͣһ£ʦ˵

ǶʱҰԼԸ˵ͬºѧ
ãһºͻȻҷԼ˵ˣǸ㷢Ϣ

Ǻ¡΢Ц˵

뿪ˣⲻԼܿƵģɡҵúúû
ţĵػţҪҪþáҽԺƣȿ
ķӦѧѧģһоġҵÿԼ֪ʶȥѡ
ŬȻľͽˡʦ΢Ц˵

Ȼؼǵõʱʦ΢ЦΣ΢ЦʮȻȻ
žõڶû׵ʱǲʦڹ򶨡


6.

żֻϵϢ

20171011
ţҵĽǰˣΪЧûԤĺáûб
СƣҸܰͽҲϸתơҽò
ûƻûѡһתƵѪҺܰ
ӳԣڲϣһ
Щңʹ壬ҲûбҪȥڡѡһ
Ļƣ˵

2017113
ţѾʼ˻ƣǸտʼ÷ӦûԤ
ûôͷֻÿмθںܲáãǿ
ԼԶġҵñ֤㹻Ӫȥ֧ԼǿϵͳͰ
֢

20171127

ţҽҿЦ˵һյٱƷ˵ҿ϶ᣬ
ΪҲû뵽յ֥ӷۡ˵ӷ
԰ֿ֢֪һ⣬ΪʲôĺܱǸ
ܽ

Ҳ֥Ĺ۵ԱƷ̼ҵĹ棬оס
ȷ϶˵֥ܿΪ֥ǿֱ֥
ɱϸ

ΪԼ˸ΰרŲⷽоϸоЩ׺
һǲܽЩƷԭ㡣

һЧǷõĳЧ+ȱǡͨ׵˵һ
ЧͬʱȱôŻ
á֮岻ȱôⲹûбҪ
ġ֥ǵȷǿ߹ܣֲĶҲͬԣ
Щʳ

ڶ㣬ġЩķʽҩ
֥ƷķӦԣκδӶϳʵҪӦ
֮ǰҪؽƷûġ

ԣ˻ˣԺҲıƷҡ

Ŷʱʦս̵ʱѧһĻĻ֣һЦ
¿

20171228

ţлҡ㸸ĸһΪʡ
ӵȷһ⣬ѵļҾȴ׸ǮҲòȱپ
ûǵüҲûι̡һҪ
˵ȫ֧һô˵мɵġһ
ǺమڶһݲĹݹԼƾŬ
õģǫѷҲ̤ʵԣ֧㣬Ȼǵ
Ƚϼ࣬ͨԼŬԽԽá

ϴʱû˵ҵĻЧҪһЩȻͷ
˲٣ûôСҸβµĲ
ϸ̫ˣҵϵͳڽڰˣǻҲûа


űӾˣˮֹס֪ԼʱΪʲ
ôޣԼ˼õʦĿ϶ɣҲǺʧ
ȥʦλȰĳ

ѵڶμʦһһȥ»ǻءΪ
̸ѵ飬ĸ׵ĹϵѾֽˣĸ׿ѡȻ
Ҳ֪ĸٲҲΪãһ޷ĸ״һ£
ȫĸ׵ġԣܳʱһֱΪ鷳ա

һż¶֪¶Ҫʦ
Ϣˡ


7.

2018221

ţҵĻҲǰˣΪЧѡҺϸû
ңҪȻ㲻ῴҼҪͺ˵ͷ쳣㲵Ӿ
ԼİһҲʶͷһһ۾Ϳó
˵ͷ

ȻͷͺˣβûеõʲôơңCTҲ
ʾ֢ϸѾתƵ˷βҸµܰͽҲ״Ҿٽл
ƣǻһֵֿ֢ϵͳһ֮ȥܲȥ
Ʒ

ϸҵ﷢һսսݡҵֻʣ
ˣҪʼΰź¡ļʦʦãҿֻܴ
ҪҵĺȻдʿġһдһ߸ģԤ·
磬ϣֵܼһ졣ļѧѾתѧԺʦ
ǱҵĸеǸ

´ʱ򣬿ľҺͿյʵˡ

2018318

ţĹܺóԡû֮θڣ
Ʒʳĺûˡ

֪Լʱ䲻ˣҸϧ˿̵ķַ롣̵ĺ
һȥλںߵϳɢֻ¼ÿһڵķʽʱ
Сһֻɹ̫èʱǹϽݵķ϶ﳤ̦ʱ
·ŵ÷

ǵϴƷ𣿾ǿPD-1/PD-L1Ʒһΰ
ķòٰ֢ϣһֱΪһԻ
ŵĳɾͣѧһλŵ

ϴ˵ҿܻȥһƷȷһΪƷܹ
ҽƱղܱΪƷԸΰһЧ֪
ƷԲ֢ͬЧǺܲһģԷΰãԸΰͱȽϲ

ڵһ㣬ȻܱǮ⡣һعʱķЩֵ
˺ܶ࣬ڿİٶȻһֱôоҪ
ٵʱʡԣЧһȥƵġ

ڵڶ㡣ܳΪ10%ǲ˶Һϣûġ
ʵԼжһ㡣֪ģһ˵ϸ
PD-L1ӣôƷͺܿЧϸPD-L1
ƷЧĿԾͻ󽵵͡ԣͨҵĸΰ֯PD-L1
ԴжƷǷЧ

ԣϴζ-80ȱĸΰʱʣµı걾óˡ
ȻҺܶûʵ飬ʵҪʵú
Ҫ֤ÿһ׼ȷ½ôҵĸΰϸϻû
PD-L1ӱģҲ˵ƷЧĿԺСˡ

ţԭҵųһΰԼˣԸ˽̸Ϊʲôʵ
ˣӵϣʧɺ޵İ֢

˼һѡԵؿϾ
ƷЧҲǶӳ»һѡԣЩ
ǮõطӦøʡ

ˮסŵĺƵûţ̧ͷ˿⡣

ѧʱŵ綯ͺӵļҳԼ
ĸ꼶ѧͬѵСһѽֵ÷ӡ
ųŴ⣬ĥȥѰһԵĲˡ

Ž¶


8.

201841

ţڰѺȻ޸ˣ鵽Ҫ4Ѯ֮ǰ
ύġڣϣԼֵܼ·ݴʱ

֪㿴ʱܻģҲܻޡţֻ
ԼģģҺܿġЩ˼飬
ȴġڵйɣٰҹдģҪӦ꣬Ҳ
Ҫȥһ룬ղشҲҪˡҰЩ
׿ʱҷԭ򵥣ճ䣬ۻ仨

ҷȥƷ뷨ӵǮҽѧԺһ
ѧ𣬾һЩ˳˵һ£ҲҪѼЩŶմɾ
ѧĲݣѾ̸ˣµ׾ͻɽӡ

θ㷢Ϣ˵һ˵һʵ顣ǵģһʵ
飬ҲԼĸΰ걾ġ

ȻܲãѾ˺ܿҪ뿪ʵΨһ
ĵǲ֪Լĸΰġ֪ûвԸףҲû
ƾԸףЩǵҵøΰءҵĸΰô
أ

Ȿһѽ⣬Ϊܵغܶ࣬ҸΰܿǶ
عͬõĽȥһڹġѧתҽѧ
־ϵһƪȴңҾÿܿҵҵĸΰԴ

СʱԹҩһԵľ㣬ѧľ㡣ľ
ֲһԱǶᣬշ
ͻ䣬Ӷһշְ֢

ԣҲҵĸΰпܾľ㵼µġҰѱ
ʣµһҵĸΰ걾óDNAΪṩһжǲǰϸ
Ļͻ䣬ҲɼһԼĿ϶ûаϸƤҲDNA
ΪաȻ͵˹˾򣬼ΰϸͻ͡

ˡûҵĸΰϸĻATͻ䣬
յĻͻġָơҲ˵ҵĸΰܾܿСʱ
õľµġ

Һ˷ܣһҪķ֡Ϊ֣ҿ԰ĵ뿪
ˡ

һʲôķְ뵽ʱһ档

Ѿ˻ƻ裬ڴϵɫҲɰױơƾ
һᣬȻ¶

2018410
ţȻ¸ھͻңǸ㷢ϢȻѾ
ύˣھ͵·ݵĴˡ

ϸҵﲻȡʤβİϸѾӰ쵽ҵĺ
βİϸҸоʹҸҲʼǵĸоӦǲ
ˮΪһѧѧߣԼϵͳںͰϸĶڽڰˣ
ҲһȤ顣˿Լϵͳģûǵƴ
ֿҵͽˡڸȤǣɽ
ϵͳֶܼã

ڼϼһˣΪ顣һÿһĸɨĹ
ǲμѧͬѧҵʮľۻᡣʱ죬һξʮˣʱ
ȴܻŵʱѧʱ龰

ŵ۾ͻȻ԰ôû뵽ȥʦ
ѧȥأӦôϢġǵģ϶ܡ

뵽Ŷʱ⣬Ͼȥѧ


9.

УжһʷΪƾãҲΨһصС
ԵڶȰݷõľλϽǵĶһУһеʱ
ȷʦĸУΪϡǵʦǰ˵ĸУλڶ
һƬʯϡ

УҲ˳ʶûһ¡Լһ
ʦУź¥˳ҵУ칫ҡڵ֪ŵ
󣬰칫ԱһĻᡣŴҵ88һ
ԶԴǶСҤ塣

СҤ壬һͼϿҵĵطĶ򣬴
ʮ·̡⳵ȥҲʮҡ

ʮ֮ͿԵԼĿĵأҲԼʦˡ

ڳ⳵ϣ˷ܵȴԥ

֮ǰᶨΪʦϼңȴĪصԼжϲ׼
ȷʦҤأô죿˵ʹԼж׼ȷʦȷ
ϼҡ

뵽벻ȥˡŬת˼·һʦ
ĳǴʦ̸˵˵Ҷ˵ֻ
һƬǰҶҲǴΣʦڸʱ򣬰ǰɰ


Ǵμʦ˵ʲôأʲôأ

ˣǴʹʦǲǺСʱľ㵱ҩˣΪ
֪ܿǵΰ֡ʦ˵ڿ϶ϲľ㣬Ҳϣ
˱ٰҩáԼСʱľ²ڣΪ
Լеһ֡ʦ˵˵ڣǾڶԼ
ţûжȥ塣

Ǵʦ˵ʲôأ벻ˣų⳵ԽԽĿĵ
ĴԽԽҡ

⳵뿪˰͹·ɽϵһˮ·ͨ
ߵĲɽǺһƶ泤Ļ϶
ɽںˮ·һƬΪˮ㣬ˮ࣬


ȵ⳵뿪ֽɽڣŵľΪĿĵؾҪ
ˡɽȻǺɫѾٽ˲
ǰһƬҶ֣ҪͿʣǴׯΧ֡

⳵ڴΧֺͣҤˡ

10.

ȻһֱŬҪҵĿ꣬Ŀǰʱȴ
˽ŲܾﺦʲôȲŴԼڴ
￴

һеȹģĴׯ

ܶϳǺ³һׯҲȫͬ


ΧֱӽӴǴķӶһģӵǽ
ǽשɣʽߣ֧ľͷǵ
͵ʽľṹóЩӻûסҪôһţ
ҪôûУЩˣڳݡ

ķӴĽϻ̫ܺˮĴ
ˮͰȻЩʮ꽨ķӣҲסġЩҲһ
һ˵Ӱ

ڴһŲûмʦڴ¿
⣬ûпˡףһĵĴׯ

ߵ£Զļ

еһλ̫̫Ŵָָȿɻ󲻶Ŀʱ
߹ΪŴ·ʵԶķӲԶ50
ĵطһ۾ͿԿǽݣһ

ˡأԥʣһϣʦûл


ˣϸģһúӰˡ˵

ַϷӵȵϣų˵

Ҳ֪˶ãһˣݵģʮģ

ŰɣԶ˵һ˵һ߿ϵ
Ҳ˷ӵĴšԶǸ˰ϧûкñʮ
ˡ

Ŵˣڴ˵ȥ

һǰʱҾ;òԣݵúܣȴĹģͷ
ҲòˡҲûңֱӸ˸ΰҺܻܿ
ˡǧǮңҸ£ÿ͵ϡ
˶Ҫ

ÿʲôɣʹ˯ǰϡʼļ죬
˵㻰ȵʮ죬ֻ˵ٺ
˵ˣһûб顣

Żڴ˵˵˿ĸڣ
ԤƵҪһЩǿﰡϳֹҩ۵ͷ󺹣
мξ͸ɴ۵˹ȥߵ죬ҿûгɹ̫
е˲ԣ˴ϡιȥ˾ûѹ

һΣûпţֱ۲һᣬ˵ߵʱ
ôһ̬ˣҰϳȥ𻯵ʱ
һֻѼӡ

Ż˵ӽ˵Ҳãʣµǧ
Ǯ㣬ҸûлôǮԶ˵ˣ֮¾Ͷ
ˡ㿴ǻҾǰϵĺ

˵Ӵ¿ڴͳһǮŵŵİ

ˣԶ绹һţܷ˵ģҲûӦǺʹ
йء㿴˵ŵݵŵ

AǴѧһŷ⣬ܷţдšĸ֣
ʦıʼ

ŽӹţЩֶĸ˴һ
ӣ

ڴŷ⣬һAǴѧֽһţȻ
ʦıʼ

װţ

֪Ҳ֪ʱѾˣõܰת
㡣

뿪Aǵǰ죬ҿʼѪǻ͵ľ͸УҵĹ
Ҳ˷Ӧ۵úܡûȥǷҲ˰ϸѾûбҪ
ˣΪϸѾԴݿ֮ռ塣

ܱǸж˺˵ϵ㵣ĺͲ
ظ硣һصҤס˼Ϸ
Ҳ

ʱڷѧסԱ߾һĹ԰԰
Ĺ԰ɢЩĹϵ֡ʱҾͷ֣㣬
ֻ˲䡣ԣҲֻǴ˲㡣

ȴӱĻҪƽûϣ㵽Ҳûϣ
㷢ÿϣǽĴսʱҶŶƤ
΢Ц˵ΰ磡

ݵǽһص顣磬
ʲôҲߵ뿪Һˣһ㡣

ΪһҵĹǻ
ķӾͻܳΪҶһ֣ؿõ硣


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ʵװԢ

֡տ

˵ĻʵװںܸЦȻ˵ľھͲЦˣ
ǵ˵֣ǴӸͯԢ˵

ʵ۵װȫںʱˡ
¼컹ڷɼǵĽʦǱûм
ȫԢ⣬ѧֻµһЦϡ

ǰھҪСܰǰ߰׵һʯհߣԭǲ
ǰĳ˵ǰһ߸˲ơһ
˵糧ķӣ˵糧Ǽ̴ѲԥҶ
˵ҪŷˮҲҲˣòţһžͻײ
ǵĹͬ˵Ҫоηˮ׾йĻ
ЩѻܴǶ˵ͨͿ֪йҪռѧ˼
̫ˡ

ǵʦڸѧʵ۵װʱⷽ
½һֻὲרʵ۰٣󳼲˵滰ϰֻ
ḩһǿһѧ˼룬Ҫ֤
ݡ

Ҫ֤ǿѧһҪĿѧ˼롣ǿѧսʤŵ
Ҫ˼뷽ѧ֪ʶͲͻȻðģԭ֪ʶĻϣ
Ͼʵ֤𽥲ġѧ֪ʶһ
Ͼ󾫺ͲϽḶ́Բǹȥںͽûд
ҲǴȫۣܾȷеǲд
ĻһأǲΪܰ󣬾Ϳòȷķǿѧ֪ʶȥ
ɿ֪ʶأǲǿѧоޣͿʲôô
˵ˣͿԲӻڴǵĴͳĻˣͿμõ°
ܷʩˣôôأȻе߼֪ʶ˶ף
ΪǻǴһûпԭʼᡣ֪ʶ
ʲô׶Σûд󡣿ѧĻڣѧκη
չ׶Σ֪ʶоܹʵ飬û໥ìܲ뾭оʵ
ĳʶͻĲ֣ɿ֪ʶϵʽۣϷչ
µĿѧ֪ʶͬʱŬԭΪɿ֪ʶеĴ󣬲ϵ
ʱƣѧʽ۲ԽԽӴ󣬶ԽԽ¡Ȼ
֪ʶٻɣһû֤ƷǣȻڿɿ֪ʶݣ
ѧ֪ʶȻҪǵĻûгֵ֤ݾȥ׷񶨣
һЩѧϵ㣵۶ϣԴչµۣԭʼ
һҡҵʶ̬ͻҵ˼άʽô֪ʶȷ
֪ʶǰ벽

һЩѧѧһЩѧĻ˾˵ѧ֪ʶҪƷģ˵
ѧ֪ʶܱ֤ȷ෴ǿѧ֪ʶҲдȷ֪ʶҿѧ
ѧǽ֮ϵģԿѧλ˵Ǵ
˲նڿѧǲĹ̡ѧȷҪͣ
񶨣ǲͣѭ񶨣һƽĹ̡ԼҪ
ǵؽ٣Լʶˣⲿ֪ʶǾȷ
֪ʶѧǷ񶨾Ĵڣϸӵ
ؽ϶࣬ҪʶǣһΪҪһη񶨵Ḷ́
һ۳ֺǲϵҳĴ󣬲ϵصԸõ
ۣȷֲϵǷԭȷĲ֣Բѭ
񶨡ֻ︴ӳ̶Խһĳ̶ȣûȷĹɣ
֪ľޣſܳѭ񶨣޷ۺ̫֪ʶ֪
û޷ȷ֪˶仯˵ʶ޹أ
ɡǿѧݵȫͬڸڽŻһЩ
μǿаĳΪ۹涨ڽźΰв֪ж
ѷֵĴࡣΨʵ类ʵ֤ʵֻǿѧԵ
ȷԣܰѲȫɵóĽ˵ȷĶԣŰΪ˵
ʶ޹أ˵ʶʣֻ˵ʵĴںͱ仯
ص͹ɣҪĳЩϵͳݱ䣬ͱȻΪ
ǰѧǿƣǷѧĻ˵ȻѧһֱȻ
ȻΨʶԷָǰ

ִѧΪѧ֪ʶǾȷġҪǣòȫɷó
Ľ۲Ǿȷɿѧ֪ʶЩ֪ʶţٶ˹Τȣ
ȷʵòȫɷõġѧ֪ʶʱɿѧ֪ʶ
ǾԿɿ֪ʶΪǽھȷΪĺ֪ʶ
ϵģõĶ߼ȫɡûõȫɷȻƳ
Ľԭк֪ʶȫһ£ѧ֪ʶľȷʵ˵ѧ
֪ʶһԻìԣȻѧ֪ʶܱʵãⱾ˵˿ѧ
Ǽ򵥵ģǡôһЩΪһµļ򵥹ɣغ
ǡѧԳɵģʹѧܳΪѧ⣬ĳ
֮Ĺϵǡѧʵϼûб߼ʵ鷴֤
Ŀѧ֪ʶƷ˵ţѧ˹̹ƷͲȷ
ֻ޶ţѧӦ÷Χѧ֪ʶ֤αһ֤α
ƷһƷ߼˶ֻҪѾ
˵ɴȫȷۣһڡ֪ʶģһЩ֪ʶ
ǡȷرĳ͹۹ɣ͹۹һµ֪ʶһܾס
ʷĴɳǡȷ͹۹ɵ֪ʶ㣬ƷƷģ
ǽĿѧ֪ʶĿ͹ԡĿѧ֪ʶƷˣǷǳ
ĵ治ףΪʲôôΪûоǵ
ǱѧǺƣôô˷ѧ

ǿǿѧеĴĻеĴʲһᲢۡ
ѧ֪ʶеĴģûзֵĴһִͻ
˶ܴԾĻ֪ʶ׾ˮࡢռ
ҽȣеĴǴģǳĴڹ˻߼ѧ
߼֪ʶɵĴ˵ĸʶȶöˣʶϸ
ӵ⡣߼ѧûеǰиҵ˴֪ʶһЩҵУ
Ȼ߼äȷֲ˴ֱָϴ֪
ȴʹϸ󷮴˵ҽڿѧ
ҽѧѧڿѧǰҽ˵ɱȿѧȷǵܵ
ϿѧԺʿȫĴЦ

ѧݲô۾ݲɳӣһ۾һϸ
ṹһɳӾͿƻĽṹԱųȥ֪ͬѧ֪ʶ
дų⣬ôѧϵͻᱻƻƻֻ
֪ʶᵼƵĴ⣬ǶѧƵƻѧ
Ʊһǿơ󣬿ѧͬе
дֻԷйٳȥָĿѧȺ廹ʲô
ɾ͵һ˵һѧҶҼ˭ܼ
ѧӦȫİʧȥȺ壬
ʧȥգʧȥĸأ֧
ǷҽƭӣܷʶҽҩЧйصġ磬ΪŮ
˹СܲʶСŲйء

ηһʣҲгĴ֮һˣëʱǵĹ
㲻ãҵһҲá𾴵˼ηηµ˼
ȻҪأҪη塣֣֮ηҲûã
η岻һôʡԴȻδ֪Դδ֪äӣ
Ǳ侲ͷԣԭ֪ʶϽһ¸̽ʹ̽ò
ۣҲȥֿܱѧԺͿɿԡʵ
δ֪࣬ڶδ֪Ŵе¸ǰеηη
඼ηηһ̭¸ҽսҴû
ѧĹŴһص㣬˵ģ־ñغϣϾñط֡
ĸԵĿһٺ壬𣬺ܴ󲿷ԭȱٿ
ѧĻԶĻöĻȻѲ
ԭĳͷҰȴûЩĻԭе¸
ηҰԣսʤν塣ֻпѧĵпԾ
ЧĻάĳȶͷչѧʱȹ
ҪΪѧ֪ʶİҪϸ̣ԿѧչˮƽԽߣ
ԱͻԽ٣ԿѧԴ󲻷
ĻռȾͿܱǰ͸׸ܡ

Ȼ󱣻ߣ޵ġǳ
ŬȥָֹɣϸȻɣûбҪԴȻηη
ֻ̬ǲܱԣɰ¡˵Ĺڣ
жֻ˵˶֤࣬ˣôֻܾţ
֪ҪжΣյĹȥ˶ǹĿռܶȲ֪
ˣ˵ĸоϵͳ䲻رƵģҲϷչΪ
ԭʼ˵ĸоϵͳʹﵽ֮ĳ̶ȣӦ򵥵
ŵĶʲڣִ˴Ų˻
¹˵£˵¹ڲȴڣڼӦòšͨ
ѧȴܿ˼˿ѧҸ֤ݺ
ڵġ

ѧڸоϷչģѧܰոо鲻ܸо֪ʶ
ԭеľ֪ʶµķֽһۺϺϸûһĿ
ѧ֪ʶ뾭鳣ʶͻġ˹̹˵㡣˵ʱǽ
ϵģֻǼ˵˵ǣ裬ȫǽ
еĿɿ֪ʶϵġʱҲгֵ
˵ֻǻûʱĿѧ繫ϡ

ȻĿѧΣ֮һǡ顱ǡֻ
ó֤šǲΪϻδ֪ȥ
ߵԣ᳣ʶ˸γɷʽ
֪ٻƣ˶ƭӡҪ֤ݡ˵֤
ʲô˼أָʲôһ֤ԣҽø˾֤
ҩЧԣǿ˼仰ʵ˵Ҫһ
û˵˵һзʽĳ֪ʶ㲻һµ˵
Ҫзǳ֤֤ʹҪƷǸ֪ʶܸõ뾭
֪ʶǺϣܸõĽǹ۲쵽ĸ󣬲ʹԭĿѧʽ۸ϵ
ͳһԸǿ걸Ըãð˹̹˵
붼ûʱ⡣رĶر֤
ǲ볣ʶ㣡ǵĳʶΪ˶뾲ֹӵĿһģ
ΪûиµľȻ˵ʱ˶йأ
ڵµı仯С˸оɼ볣ʶìܡ෴ʱ
յȴ֧˹ٲɵĲԣ۱ʵַ֧֧
ԭȷԭ۸ǡȫͳһ˶磨ţ;
ۡҪڣڲ˵Ĺ۲Ƕȶ仯ǿ۵
ԣۣͨƶһЩϢۺϣóɹʶ֪ʶ
һ㲻ѧΪҪѧҲʶҪһ㹲ʶûУ
רͳ߿ƶԼĵ±׼
ֵɼ˹̹г֤ݡ

ľ綼Ŵڵҽô֤ݵġЦ
֤ݾͲˣΪ̫·ֻϻûмһ
۵㡣ǰҵһѧͬѧһƪģ߼֧ҽģλ
ͬѧһΪҽûж壬ֻǲʽ߼ֵ߼Լ
ûж壬ͨõģ߼ҽõıʽ߼
ģ߼ƪº󣬸Ҹоҽ۾һ߼äֵ߼
ֵ߼ģ߼ֻǷɣԲŰֵöֵʾġʲôʱ
ͬһɺìˣҽⲻֻǸģ⣬ûж嵼
ҵ⡣˵һģΪ׼ȷ˵¶ȴٶ
ȡһõ䵭ȥǲǸģˣ͵
ͬһɵˡҽҲۡ
˵̫ͼ仯ģԵ⣬
Ұ಻ɵԻһ𣬵ʹҽ޷ͬһɵ
⡣磬ҽб˼¶ȵ͵˼ŮԵ˼
Ը˼Ȼͬں˭ܺܺõİۣ
෴ƭȴϵʹн۶޷Ʒѧв
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ǷȷǵĽÿôʺ峣кܴͬģʱ
ȷʵõģ߼˼⣬໹õʽ߼ֻÿʾ
嶼Ҫ룬˽ЧˣЧԽȺϢ
ЧԽãԽ޴ȺٶĽҲ֪ʶжҥԴԴ
ڴϢȻлǿѧһ߼õģ
Գֻ£ԵĲȷԲ̫Ӱ
෴Ȥζԡѧоɲһöֵ߼Ƕ
ֵ߼ϸ߼ܽСڷͬѧʱһ
һרҵжϵӣ˵ɵ磬Ե岻ܵ硣Ƿ
Ƴǵ岻ܵ磿ܣΪԵǷԹϵĸì
ϵĸǵìܹϵĸ֪ԹϵƲì
ܹϵĽ۵ġ֪뵼Ҳɵ磬ǻʵóġ
óġɼҪȷ߼͸֮ϵҪ
ʸӶ壬֪֮Ĺϵ

Ȼõѧʽһʣ˲ͬѧʽۺ˹
ĿѧоۣΪЩ۵ĹͬΪѧֻʱģ
ΪѧȻɵȷΪڱƽҷԿѧԾ䣬Ϊ
⽫֧֡ѧֻΪۡѧȷʵģҪϽʵ
ʵļ飬ҪųǢĲ֣ؽԽԽ͹
ʵһ£ζѧαѧûһϵбƽĳġ

Ĳûʲô⣬һᷴԵѧûо۵Ľһ
ΪʲôرҪΪиͺƭ֮
˵ѣԣڿʡץˣ֯ëë֯ˮ
ڸıۻֻһԭǾЩ˲Ϊо
û࣬ûʵڣʷʤдģǿߵġⲿ
йô࣬ȫе¡


ҩǰ;ڽִҽѧļ

  	 Feikao


225дһſ¹ڲƺת
ĴҽƶģʦģԼģ
ҽġرԺҽѾ90%ϵ¹ڲƺ
߶ĳɹҪ鹦ҽҩˡ

侲˼һ£ҽĹأԤ鴫𣿿ҽԼ
Ҳô˭֪ϣȫرǺ񣩸
˾޴Ĵۣ÷ǡլҡͣͣͣͨϿصȴʩȡõġ
ƾҽϣαҪЩۣҽҩȽ˲
Ǻ۵ؿһ£ֹ19գ8000ϣȷ20ϣ
ʲ4%йͬҲ˵йĲǸƽ
ֵеˮƽŷ޵Ӣ࣬ǵĽձ
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أ

ЧҽĴͳǽ¡һĹ2Ѯ
һҽԺʿģͬ£ƣֽ˵
Ⱦʱûҽ룬ˡͬ˸Ⱦ
أȴҽںԺʿ´Ϊתȫԭˡ
ϧʵܿ3ҽԺ3ҽԱȻҽ
ιġǲǴʦ˵ˣҲ֪Ȼֽ
ġ

ƽʱͨջͦջġֻ鲡ƣ
ϷԷڡٿһý϶ҽЧ˵ɡ

һ֣ҽѾ90%ϵ¹ڲ˵ȫҽҩ
Ƶıﵽ92.41%͵人Ҳﵽ89.10%һ
ЩýΪ֤ҽЧսʤĹӦҽ

ԴɣҽҩЧôߣΪʲôйĲû
ԶԶѵҲҲҩ

˵©֮һûᵽҽʡѷҽҩȬ
ˣҽҩĹ͡ʵַǰвҽùһ
˲ʲôơƣֻҪԹҩҲתˣҽ
ҩĹ͡һʲôİ֢ǶܾٳһЩɹİϸ
һҫİͻ֣ᷢ˱ģӡ

©֮ǻر¹ڲǡԼһʵָ
¹ڲ80%֢Щ˼6%
Σز˵ĴԼһ롣ĺ;ҽ֧ȵĲ˶
ҽĹͣôЧʡﵽ90%ʵڲϡ档

©ԣý˵Ȼ١

ڶһ˵人鱬ǰڼûҩ
ʽϸߣձʹҽҩʾ½ˡ

˵޵֪ձʱ人ҽӦ
ԣಡ˵òʱҽΣʽϸߵҪԭ򡣺
ƵȫҽԱʹҽʵ֧Ԯ£ӦӦεĲ˶õ
ʱΣʹ½Щ͹ͳͳܣָֻڲҽ
ʸߣǶƴƴȲ˵人ҽԱļ󲻾

֣ĳĳʡʱȺʡͣΪһʼҩ

ԴҪʣɽʡ0ѵҲǳҩĽȷ
ҽĹͣʡΪʲôǱʡҽɽȻ˵ͨ
ġʵĸߵؾģֻҽˮƽ͡οǰ
ᵽģպɫеȱǵĲʵ͵ĹҲһѵΪ
ҽˮƽǸ

ѭ֤ҽѧĽǶȿһ˵ĴΪûжաڶ˵ʹ
ʷգ˵ʹõⲿա

աٴ淶еҪ׼֮һѭ֤ҽѧ֤ݵȼУ
ʷպⲿֻǵȼϵ͵ľ飬ЧġָꡱҲ
ΪһҩЧĿɿ֤ݡġָꡱǰաظա
ԭеٴ飬ҲǾкġö
ٴ顣˫äĺͶĵľ͸ˡֻҪһΣ
Եõ֯ϵĽ

ΪʲôҪжգܶ˶Ѿ֪ˡرǶ¹ڷ
ԼֲգȬĲ˶ǿҽҩƵ˵
ƭ

ΪʲôⲿպʷղΪƾ˿ܻһּ
ЧǶؾġǸ人ǰڲʽϸߵ˵ڶ
ûпǵټϳƣ人ʱ˳ɵĻûо
㲡ʵķĸСˣ²ƫߡڱڲ˴ӿ
־βҽͲȱ飬ȫ֧Ԯ˴ˮƽ֢
ҽ²ʸı䡣⻹ӦǲǷ仯ءЩһ
ܵ²ʷش仯ƾʲôҽһأⲿ
ҲƵ⣬ҲûпڶصӰ졣ʷպⲿ֮
ԲܳΪЧġָꡱΪ֮صӰ
졣Ϊ˽ӵĶΪ⣬ٴ淶ˡ
պԭν䣬1:1Ϊͳ
ѧķʹÿ0.5ĸʷ䵽顣Ӹ
˵֤ÿһӰأ֪Ļδ֪ģڸ鶼Ǿɱ
ġԱַ䷽֤ԱȴͬģͲص
ЧӰˡҲһضǾɱȵģֻ
زͬͱ˵һص⣬
ЧʱǿԽΨһعƷĲͬ
ǰհоٴ飩ʹⲿջʷյĻعԷҪ

Ҳģģ˵Ա108֣ҽת
10%ңҽתԼΪ4.1%ٴ
飬νϹ˵һЩ˵ǵҩȣ
ҽҩת֢ʽ˰ٷ֢֮ƽסԺ˼졣Щ
ϲû˵βģṩı
ٴ飬ܿҲʷջⲿյĻعԲܽᡣο
ҽҩ֢ܽת֢ıʣҲӦշӳڲʽϣ
ʲô壿

֮һûпһϴյҽҩٴ
֤ҽҩ¹ڲЧġ֯ûаһҽҩƼ
ȴҽҩĻγɾ޴󷴲ҽ
8ϵ¹ڲˣЧʱֻøʣعԵ
ⲿջʷ˵£ôǿѧ֤ݣǰٴ淶
ܿԿظաԭֻЧĿ͹۱׼
ִҽѧĻҪҽҩҽҩûκιϵҽҩû
Щ淶Ĵҽ˹ⲻЩȴЩ׼ֻǡҽ
ı׼ҽҩءһЩ˸ɴҪҽҩִҽѧ淶˵
Ҫҽ˺͹ڵ漯Ŵѹҽ
⿿ıۡԶȥ

¹ڲΪҽҩִҽѧٴ鴴˰Ļᣬ
ҽԺָҩĴģ鴴ѵõҩҩǷ
äǿ飬ԳЩϧǣҽ
ûᡣ糱ƺƵ˳ִ߲֮֮ҽѧ
ʾ֮£ҽҩҲڷŸı䡣ǰ쿴Ϣ˵ο߶Ѿ
300ʽǼǵٴ顣˵һ˫ڷҺǴ
աä飬ʮѵáûҷǳϣܳ
֤˫ڷҺЧֻǣɹˣͰҽƵһ
εĵλ˫ڷҺܳɹй淶ٴ飬Ϊʲôܣܶ
ҽҩΪܾɡʵֻз˫äЩѵģҲ
ܿ˷ΪʲôäҲäŵҲ¹ڲ
ġҩٴвäĿ飬ɼäѲǲ
ɡ

ⳡսҽҩܴͷʵ˸ӡڡҽκҩ
ûоٴǲٴģͬʹáҲҪ׼
͹״µļһ֣ҽһʱҩõľ̬
ֻ֧ơҽȴûֹ涨ʲôΣҩﶼϡ
˵Ϊҽǡ˲ԲаԭԶȷҽٲ
һͱҽչֵĻᣬѸռ90%ϵ
أ˶ߣر֢ߣοԵơȻҲһ͡
˵սʤ¹ڲ¾ԹʵˡΪֹҽҩû
ƲɢҲûȷĽͲʵ֤ݣȴѸߺʤ࿭ˡ
ȫ綼֪ʤԶδҹԼյؿչŻоӦ
ٶȽҩơÿǰһ죬ͻܶˣ
ʧȫҲйڣڼе
оɹµҩսʤ͹״ı
־ҽһᾡհסʱҽռصġʤ
ơʱҽ¹ڲҩٴ飬Ͳðο
ˣ͵µġҩգѧҩƷĸ»
ֹģҩ᲻ϱЧˡøСҩ棬
һҩƷü꣬Ծֹġ

Ԥһ죬йҽġʤ
ҽġˡ˳Ҳһ֮ģһѱġ
ҽʦ׷׵ǳЩ򱾡ʦɹǵﶼط
̨ݴϷСóƫҩҪڣΪ
䡱ѾһԳҽ3000ȫ3Чģһ
ѨλעҩģֻǿġԼҽʦ
ƼԼҩͱ˵ķӣˮʦηʿҪһ
ľСһʿư֢طηʦĳ䡱׾Ԥ
顢洫ҽ7ˡ

ɽԺʿѾҩҪڽִҽѧļ顱ϣ
ҽϧᣬִҽѧĹ۵ҽءõǡ
һʣɼУЩ˲ǲܶǲҽִҽѧļ顣ϧ
ĺֻõһЩ䳰ȷҽҩ׷ŹΰĻᣬԺ
ֻˡ

2020 319


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Leeټ30λѧɵķûţ׿ʼй
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ǵг̰19801³ڹнӻȪеһ
ۻᡣйĻ֮ĵһģ飬50
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ĴԺ˵طͯʱ뿪˵Ĺٴμ
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ңԶĹȣʧȥϵ¡ˣǱ֮ǰģ
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ʵ˹ԼǰѾ뿪˿ζᴩᵽݵ˹ֱ̹
߼ʵҡҲǴԺ⡣ʵһڵĲʿ
Ƚ롣Ѿпζ격ʿмôһᣬ
ԽʿټһꡣͬʱҲԿ۽ύѣΪҹ
·ԺԼȥζǰڷʵҴһ꣬˴ͳһۡ

λ˹̹ʵӵеʱǿļڿչһ
ϵͻԵоǴͳһ۵Ҫʵء˹м
֣һд裬ǳʹԺ򱣳žĵ绰ϵ
ܹĵعš

ֱ11µףǲҵùӳŵľ
ϡԺ֮棺ͱ᲻ʲôӰ죿

ģϣţٺͰ˹̹λ̩йͬĵͼʧ󣬰Ѳ
ѧ⵱ʵʡţΪֻҪ޴Ϳ໥
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Ҫڶ͵ļⶥƽһʯѧǿܵġʯܺ
ûȹ̵֧ţܻԼ˵ǲȶġ䵽ɽ
º󣬾ʯܴ״̬Լܻɽȥǲǡȶ̬
һϵͳڲȶ̬ܵĻֻʱģܻԼ
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ʯӲȶɽȶɽ׹ĹҲܱɽϵ
֡ľϰ赲ڰɽʱһֽȶ̬Ͳȶ
̬֮ġ̬metastable stateھУ̬ϵͳҪ
İȡܣ˷赲ݣܼȶ̬
ʯͷɽȥ

ˮ»ûнĹ״̬Ҳһ̬һе
ţˮѸٵؽɱﵽȶ̬ӳٵ䡣

ͬأ˹ʹԺΪ˽ŵġ䡱״
̬Ҳһֻ̬ǣѧΪĴͳһԼĴʻ㣺
͵ȶ̬աȶ̬̬ա
false vacuum

̬е浱Ȼ޷ָʲôƳҲʲô
šУ˷ݵ·ͨЧӦ
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;

Ժǣ֮ǰڼеڼ䣬
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ǵ÷ǳ̮˹ʹԺӳ
ôŵĳ֡

ǵ״̬ʱҲµĶ֣Գȱ
ġϣ˹ӡHiggs bosonѧһҪȽ40ʵ
֤ʵϣ˹ӵĴڣǲɣ˹ǳȵطڼ
еϣ˹ӱֵŵ෴Ǿ߱ѹǿ˵Ǻ
һֲ̮ƶ漱ͣ
ĴСʱȵ󣬶ǻָ

˵ָܲӡȴ˵ǸĴȡ
ı꣺һһӣڶ֪
ûϵĽȫ֮Ҳ޷

˹еҲͬţÿ10^-37ġһ̡
൱ϵһӣĴСһֻ64
ӣȡĿҲֻ64˹ĴС
ܹ10^-35ʱڷ100෬ɱԭ1050

ڡըģУôһʱĴСֻ10


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ҿǸӡ̵ĽǷƽ̹ȡ
ʵܶǷӽٽֵܶҲǦǷӽ1ҿָҪн
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ĴСָʱܶȻ֮ұ仯˹ƾż
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󣬻Ǽ֮һ֮С ôӳ֮濪ʼ
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н˵ҿ˵⡣ƽ̹ģΪйôһָ
ľҡ족ǰйκޡֶƽˡ

ڶһ磬ûô˯Ĺ˹гֱ칫ҡֻ932룬
Լ¼˹ּռǡ۹޾ϸа
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ڲϡϸϵƵ֮ڱʼǱд£Ի͵
򡱣spectacular realizationԽŵƽ
̹˵ҿ˽е⡣ڡˡ֮ǰд¡ܡmay
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;绰ͷĴԺȴûзӦҿ˽죬ԺԶԶ
ڽûʲôӡ󡣴ʱ˼Ҳѵ·֡
Ѿʰ׼ֻ̣ϣ˹Ҫģǵ˵

˹ͬⲻѾĴŵн֦ڴԺ
ǰһĳġ绰ϵʱ˹Ųȼڣ
ԺǷԼоƽ̹ĽԺ
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Ժûϵڷ˾ţ֮ڰѹ˹ϴͳһ۵Ŀ쳵֮
Լһѵõ

˹ûлѾȥΪԼ·һ֡ҲΪ1970ĩ
ھͣͨ͡ʧص̶ָԼ
̾ͽͨ͡inflationġ͡expansion
һѾˣǰµĸΪ͡˼ϵΪС

Ժ뿪֮󣬹˹һ緹ʱ̸ͬһƪӽ
ġʱѧ⻹һ֪
Է΢Դ೬˹ٿԴľ룬ûл
ƽȴͬһ¶ȡؼ˼һ֮󣬲ȻʧЦ

ͳըеСġǵӽ磬Ҳǽ
ܿ棬ű˴˲ͬһӽеĿռڡЩص㼴ʹڹ
ȥҲûһӽ֮У˴Զлụཻ

ڱУĴС仯޴ڱ֮ǰֻǱͺ10^50
֮һһԽıǽ֮ܿڵ
ռڱ֮ǰѹڰ뾶ֻ10^-52׵ġʵСÿĿռ
֮£ʱڵģӵİ뾶ԼΪ10^-15ףʱԹٱ
ɵصִСռÿһ䡱˵ǽӽ磬
ĸԶĵطڱ֮ǰҲͬһӽ統УҲ
ʱﵽƽ⡣

΢ڴը֮38ꡣʱңңԵص
Ѿ˴úԶԵʧȥϵȻǲ١һЦ
Ͼڡɾٲı֮ǰֵܣȻͬԡ

ǣ͵ĸͬʱ˴ը۵⣬ƺȫ
ѹ򡱡

1980123գ˹ʵҾٰһСһνϵ
ͳعڡعԺùӳŵ⣬
Ȼָ䵼ıͣͬʱƽ̹ӽ⡣
һСʱͨĽʱ˰ٷ֮ʮ

ҲʵҷʵĹѧڡѧҿƶSidney Coleman
ýζ˹º̿ƶƪʱƶԻ
ᣬɶҲɾNothing; every word was pure gold.ƶ
漴Ȧټ³ɹ죬˹ӵһϵȥ
ѧĵ绰ʵҲĲʿӳꡣ

ڴԺ֮ʣ˹뿪˹̹Ҳʼһ˳Ｘ
Ѳݽ֮áһνУģ͵ķ߸ǶMurray Gell-Mann
ֻһˣסվѧҪ⣡
˴²ʱðɣߵԼôû뵽
⡣

Ȼ˹ջԶԶֹ͡˹̹ĵһν
յ˶УϦǴѧƸΪڵ֪ͨʽ
Ƹ뼸ѩƬаһָĹ˹ٵȵȡñ
ʱͻȻʶԼĸУʡѧԺûжԥ֮
׳ӸĽڴ˵绰Ͱ͵ʵ֪ǽû
Ҳû롣Ը⡭ڶ죬ʡѧԺʽ
˻ҿõԽֱƸΪڡ˹
ԸԳ

ĴܿȥˣûúдһƪķȻ
Ѿٵıȣۺһڿഫʱ
Ҳ˸һǡڶʱĵıǡ棺ӽƽ
̹һܽInfiationary universe: A possible solution
to the horizon and fiatness problems

ǡܡֵٶȳֲȫǽҲòԵʵ
ѧ˷ޱȵʵſȱݣҲѹ
Ͳס

һˮʼʱˮвͬԿʼᾧγһһ
ıݡЩ󣬻һʱϲֱеݶں
Ϊһ塣ʱеˮ˱䡣ˮ100ʱתΪ
̬ʱˮлݶڡ̱ȽʱݸΪֱۡ
¶ȵķͬһµġ

ĴͳһԳԷȱʱˮơ˹ͨ
ЧӦʼӳٵʱҲкܶССȶ̬գ
̬ϣ˹г֣ˮеһϲ
еݶϲһȶ̬ʱ䡪͡ˡ

УЩײϲʱͷŵתΪ
ͷӣñ²ڡӡĴըҪĳ
ʼֻ֪ʱܶȲϸ1ӽе
ռ㶼Ѿƽ⡣

һڹ˹к˿ϿۣиɻֻԼֵ
汩ͱȴҲͬʱƻ̵˳ɡ

еֲġ໥ϲʱЩӻἯ
ײĵص㣬ռвȡ˹ǣǵײᷢ
÷ǳؿ죬ٶȿٵػײɢ䣬ͻ
ռ䣬вȵĺۼ

ǣײͬʱ汾ڱ֮͡ľڼ
ٵʧȥӴײҲûʱ䡢»ָ
ȣҲƽ⣩ӦڿռֲԵĲ졣΢
۲Ľ

зζ˹ڳɹñͽӽеΪʲ
ôƽ֮ȴΪʹʵӦôƽ
⡣

⻹ġ͵Сָʽλϵ
һٶȡȻ͵ٶȺܿᳬ١Ȿ
⣬ΪռͲϢʹٶȳҲûΥ
ۡռеݵȴʡ˶ܳ١
еٶȻԶԶڿռٶȣ֮ľ
ԶҲȫһϲԵزڶ
ݣ޷䣬޷ֹͣͣԶرһ

Ȳǹ˹ĳԣҲǽʵ

˹ֱ19808·ݲдƪģ1ʽڲ
νըͬʱҲһָһ
ЩɽܵĺòΪԼɣһͬʱ
ŵӽ硢ƽ̹˼·ʹΪҲֵ
ߵע⡣ϣ˾ݴ˷ĳ;ȡ侫ȥ
ɡavoids these undesirable features but maintains the desirable 
ones.ıۡ

˽һʡѧԺĹͬѾǩ
㹻ʱ취ʱҪƺǰ;

ҲеľǺܿͳˡϢҲԵ
һߡǿейǻĻ


ʮе

˹˹̹һνı֮ǰרŶһ²ġ
ӡϤĳʼ¶ӡʱŵ֪ʶ
оʷʵô˽⡣

˲֪30ǰؾѾһָ
ǡ档Ǿǵš˹̹桱֮ġ桱
÷ص˵滹ܶࡣ

ֻǼʹԼҲ֪һ͵档һֱΪģ
˹̹ͬʱ䲻ģֻĪĺ󡣺
÷ɳָʿʱ֤˵صģʵһ
͵棬ƵԴ

ͨ۲֤ʵȷ֮󣬰˹̹͵ض
ģͣתָ֧÷ص档ǵģҲͱ֮
߸ʽֱ1970ĩһλ˹ޱ˹Alexei 
StarobinskyӢĽŴѧʣSteven Hawkingо
Դ⡣

1960Ϊо뽣Ŵѧʱһ˼Ҫʦӻо
ʱȶ̬档ĽȴѧԼѡʦ
һλڣΪɥĴ֮ϻмήԼ
Ӳ֢׳ƽֻ֢֪ɻ

1979꣬𲻽ţƸ뵣Ҳȫѧְ
񣺽Ŵѧ¬˹ѧڡҲţٵϯλʱĻѾո
¶ͷǣΪ۵ǡһɾ˹Roger 
Penroseһѧ֤ԴʱǸѧ㲻ɱ⣬
ɴս˻ȶ̬Լҿ˵һЩͼ
ǸŬ

ѧ˵ǲʵڵġֻǱ˹۱
ľޡΪΨһĳ·ѧ˹ޱ˹
ʱһָʽ͵ķ̡ڿ
ܾһؽ׶Ρde Sitter phaseȤ֮⣬
ûзʲôʵ塣ֱعö﷢ɹ
֪֮

1962꣬λѧά棨Yakov Zeldovich
Vitaly GinzburgͿƤ죨Pyotr KapitsaѧԺύһ
ݵ鱨棬ָɭеоαѧȨ
ѹȺѧֲͬߵıС1965꣬ѧ
޷Andrei SakharovҲڿѧԺϷɭơЩѧ
ж൱̶ϵɭѧ糤40ͳεĿ̨

ڼȫݻٵѧ磬ѧһ֦㣬൱
˲źͻ٤Īӡʵεġ֤Ψ塱˼˧
ûáս֮;ҪΪѧṩЧı
֤ԽĿڽѷѧ
ɸġƽеĽչ켣

άĿļ䡣Ⱥ˱ը֪ʶ
٤Īը۽ϣִѧоӰ
һѧңΪĿɽ档1973
Ī˹ʱάѧ˹ޱ˹Ĺ
չġڶblack hole evaporation۵ġ

1970ά쵼ƺΪǵĹױΪ
ġⵯ֮Ľȱ޷ΪԵġ⡱뿪˾ҵ
תоѧԺʷƾõбݷоְ
Ϊ޷ѾΪ֪ġʿ󣬽ȱò
оҵΡﻹǵһѡάѧ
ģDavid Kirzhnits

²໥õͳһ󣬻翴
ȱʵк֮ܶȻӦڵ
Ĺ峬Һ峬ƺӺɡ˿ʼо淶
е䡣

1972꣬24ֵ£Andrei LindeĪ˹ƴѧҵΪбݷ
о¿о񣬸ĸڡ14ʱǴ
;ȥںȼ٣ں϶һۡһ
ȼٹһ˼ҪΪһѧҡ

ֵڴѧڼѾŻһйػײļ㹤
ʱҵʦ׼ϻһеһУ
۸ոձ֤ԡڳУֻѧϿ
renormalizable۲ſ塣ǵøϽ˳

ܿ죬һ𷢱˵һƪͳһжԳȱģ
²˽ꡣʱֵ»ֻһëδоһλ
ϵｲרἰѧĹ͡һλŮʦ̲סʣ
ֵ˭ֵ֮ʶΪޣӴ˳Ϊһӵ
ºͿкߡֵ´򶯷ĵĲϵ츳͵
͵ΪеһϵгʫʱΥƷЩʫ˶෴ʱ
ѹ

1974ңֵºͻѾ֣ڵֹʽ
ӳ䣬ָʽġͬ͡ʱҲʶ
ʷֲȵĻ֡ǳֹ϶ֻһо
ͬ

ʱǶӽⲻˡҿ˻ûƽ̹⡣
˹˹ʹԺԶԶûжŵͷֵ
˵ָʽģûκ塣

£ֵ²Ҫ˹Ժڲʿ
ɡòʿѧλֱ˵бݷооԱ
1978꣬Żѧλ3ֵ뵼ʦһΪۻѧ
Ժŵ򽱡Ǹʱ򣬱ֵ´1꣬ʿҵ3Ĺ˹ڶ
ԺĴĴͳһ֮Աǡ

˹ֱ͵Ŵʱ˴绰ѯֵǷġֵû
Сش˵Ҫģ漴һһʮΪ˹Ӧе
˼·ǶȥѾ㡣

ԼĹֵº赭д˵Ȼûзе
ֵ˭ȥġأ

198110£ٶȷĪ˹ѧָɸֳ
ıֵ¡

Ľ֢Ѿ൱ԣòʹΡȻ˵
ݺܲ壬ֻгչ˵ѧݵĹǻૼ
ѧӢ︴ɼʣȻֵ·ɶ̷ǳ
ֵԽ޴ңԼ֪ǼΪɫһζ

ܵԴ½չ˹ıԼ
⡣͹˹˶Ի˺ܳʱѰҽûͷŽţ
ͻȻո˽⵽ֵҲһµֵۡΪط
仰󣬻ȴֻһתȴҲͬزס

ֵ²òѻԼĻһһطһ
ͬ¡ѣû⡣ֵ²Žƽһ
ңŵһСʱֱֻʧٶʧǴ
ùãڱ˵ԭûȫ
ֵµ˼·

Ȼ˹ĴֵѾġֵ¶Թ˹
һٽŵƽ̹ӽĴȴ岻ѣȷ
һо룬ϵڴʱôһݾߣȻ
ԶΪ˼ʳڵصθ

˹ƣֵҲϰӺǵСӶ˯ԺԼһ
ҹǰ㡢˼1981һҹͻƣ̲סҡ
˯Ӹ֪ôˡ

ֵµ뷨˵ʵܼ򵥣˹ʱгִ
ݡΪ汾ıͣЩݻ֮ԽԽԶûϲһ
䡣ݵײͬʱҲӦеʲȷֲ
ܿ桪ǵӽ֮ȫֻڵһ棬
Ͳٻ⡣˺ܲ⣺ôݻܳñ滹

ʵ˹ԼҲѾйͷûԲ˵ıۻ
洦ھʯڰɽϵֻ̬ڹ״̬֡
һУ޷͡Ϊڹ˹͵֮档

ֵȴ͸ⷭ˸ֱͲֻڹ䡢
̬³֣Ҳͨȫͬ;治ǿڶɽ
İɽϣȻͨЧӦ롱ȶ̬濪ʼɽ
һ൱ƽɽȻһʯʯͷᡰءԵ
νġ͡slow-roll inflationֱ
µִɽ׵ȶ̬

˼ǣֵµͼʵԴڿƶһѧEric 
Weinbergе²ͬһգûϵ1973ͷ
һģ͡ѧһֱ˹Ѱұ۵ĳ·͹˹ȴ
û뵽һ͵ģʽ

ֵǸܿдġƶʹº
ʱûܼĳǳǷ֮ȵһоʱĵ
ĿŹ˹ĿҲࣺһ±淽ӽ
ƽ̹ԡͬԺڴŵһܽA 
New Inflationary Universe Scenario: A Possible Solution to the Horizon,
Flatness, Homogeneity, Isotropy and Primodial Monopole Problems

˹ʱҲһ꣬ȴѾֵµƪ±ۡ
Ϊɱۡʷˡ͡Ϊ
棬˹ԭоݶѱΪ

˹յֵµ֮󲻾Ҳյƶһѧ˹̩أPaul 
Steinhardtһƪġ˹̩ظոճΪϦǴѧ
ܾǵ˹Ǹλãоƪ
ֵȫͬۡ

ġʱʷм¼뿪Ī˹ƺַ
ڱϦǴѧڵķѳѧ棬˳ֵµ³ɹ˹̩
صʱʾǵûᵽֵ¡ʱʷ⼸
䲢ôעĻȦȻ󲨡˹̩ҳݵ¼
֤ȷûᵽֵµۡ𲻵òרѧ
־Ϊ˹̩صĳɹǶģûָ
ǽֵµ˼ڡʱʷİ汾ɾݡ

˹̩ؼоһֻǳٳûз
ֱֵµʱŴҴͶ壬˶ֵĵԮֵ
Ȩ

ֵֻǱʾ⣺ȻѾռˣʲôҪٷԼͬ
أ

ѾʡѧԺڵĹ˹ڳѧ档
ݽʱһµĸ⣺ֵº˹̩˯ŵʱ
ѧ⡱

ֵĵĿǿġԡͬԡΪ
ġ˹ɱۡ⡣һеȻǳȣ
ͬһƽ̬ûоݻײĲȡ

Ī˹ʱ˵Ļ˻Ǹһֻ̣
һһУôͺᴦƽ⣬ûκ
ֲ졣֮ݱ䵽ҲȻһŰ
ֽտҲûĸطܹۼϵ̫ܳ
͵ϵࡣ

Ҳ˵ֵڽ˹ʱǰˡȼš
״̬û˻

ҪϵṹʹԭҲĹ⻬ƽ̹
ͬӦô΢Ĳ졣ãӦһѧԶ
ʩԮֵĵطʹҲ
䡣

ǡҲ1970еʷֲڴ߶ϵľԡ߸׼
ȷ˵ԡѾһЩѧҵע⡣֮
ά棬Ҳ˹ٵƤ˹ҿ˵ѧ

إһڴ߶̽΢ϸ

ʱƤ˹йһ룬Ҫͳһۺѧ
ΪִĻʯȴֻݵϵĵʦҿ˺سЦ
ȥŵɣȻٻʵʵ

Ƥ˹ڼôɽᲮУСϰǹõҹգ
ܿѤļ⡣ԱǡЩ֪ʶ᲻Ȥ
ȴΪڽĿαпĶ֡϶ϲ

ѧѧһָѧԡصĴѧȻҲм
ѧȥ˹ٴѧ졣Ӱ죬23Ƥ˹ѧҵ
Ҳ뿪磬ȥ˹оԺżѧ٣Ҳû
ѧ

˹ٲãҲһλȥҿǸϵС
ҿ˺оʿڻһ޾ơơ
ָģͣ̾ԡһ붮ʿҵ
ʿ󣬵ԼΪڣƤ˹ŵҿ˺Сۻһѧ
ġ

˹̹ڿʼоʱȻؼʵķֲǾȡ
һµġʵԭֻܽӵ򻯳һţ
ǹ۷̡

Ƥ˹׼оʸԵı޿ϵһνӴ˹̹
ģ͡ĵһӦȫٲϤϲġ顱
ʽġе򵥵ģ޷ϰ⡢гġ
һͷûĦб»һ⡣ֽӴ
˵ȶ̬棬Ϊ죺Ǽֱѧʱ
򻹲ǡٻûбձϿΪϸѧһ֡

ҿȻ˵ĺøԶмһˣԼȴرս⡣
ʶпֲܷ̽⵽֮΢żʱͺԥָʾԼ
ѧȫԸƤ˹ʱѾǲʿƵڶе
֪·٤Ī򡢰ն20ǰѾȴ
ѱ˵ը̣Ӧڽ컹ڵ΢䱳

Ȼر˹ѷȶʧȥ˽ŵĻᣬ
ش塪ӵҿ˻ȡʹҿѧʽ֤
Ƥ˹˳˹ٵĽϯλ

Ƥ˹˵Ҫһüģ͵ļ
Ȼܱ̾ʵȷ֤漣ҲľͿǺܼ򵥣һͷб
ûĦĴӲ̫ࡣѧҲٲȫܲ⣬
ǡڳΪʵʵڵġġ֤Ŀѧ

Ƥ˹ɴѧĴ

ƹ۲ʵʵ1920ɳƵ˹ǳ
ۡǶϵϵ֮ġ桱󣬹
ɭ֤ʵͣԶϵԶǶȥ

Ҳһ⡣ڵŮϵȴǡС
ϵŮϵԼǸΧСϵһϵȺlocal 
groupϵ֮ԱȽϽǿڿռͣ
ڡ롱󻷾л벻

Ȼⲻϵе20ʱѧʶ൱
ϵܴ֮ǣȺţϵšclusters of 
galaxies

1969죬Ƥ˹˹Ī˹ʵҴ¡Ϊ
ҪеʱȽĴͼƤ˹
һ򵥵ģͣһϵȻֶ͵Ŀ
СԼдһ˻˺ܶʱڿƬϴ룬ģ
㡣ԿЩϵʼΪͷ룬һʱ֮
ΪǣƷ໥γһϵŵĽṹ

Ҳһţʽļ򵥻ģ͡

꣬˹Ϊоһ¿ΣϵֲĽṹ
ʼֻһ򵥵Ĵ٣طӡϺȻ곤20
ĴƽڻճڽվƤ˹ǵʱαлû
ǰأӦýἯ档ˣÿÿһţþ
ıʼϸؼƤ˹ĽڡκֽǵĸֽƤ
˹޴ѹ£ǳƤ˹и1971ĵ
һרѧPhysical Cosmology

˹̹Ĺۣͬԣǡʸ߿ռռ
˶£ѧ˻Ϊֻʱ״ļ
ѧȷ˹̹βŬġͳһۡҪҲ
ʱռεһ֡

Ƥ˹ĿγѴڹѧоһֱӵһ
֣еϵֻռйĵ㡣֮Ҳ໥ã
˴ϵṹ

ԣγûмӡǸڿհס
ѧʱֻܹ282ҳ

19663£Ƥ˹ʼôĶ׶ѧʱصһ
ָǽϹŵһϵŷֲͼ˵㿴ʹ߶ϣʷ
ҲȡƤ˹ʵֲ𣿶Էش˵
֪Ҳû֪ҲƤ˹Լȥ֤һ¡

ʵʷֲӦǾȵļ貢ǰ˹̹״17
ͣţپѾѧԭcosmological principle
˵˵֮ѧıȻ֮Уûĸռһ
⡢ԽеĿռ㶼ԳơˣӦǾȡͬ
ġ

Ȼճеľ鲻̫ϵȫ̫
ڵǸϣطǡǱֻաƶ֮
ܼ֮ϡ޼ţ١˹̹ȽԴ֮Щֻ
С߶ϵ䡢Ҳǡ΢ֻҪ㹻ĳ߶
棬ƽеطǾȷֲģĸ롢ĸ
û

ȻԽԽǿԶ֣Ұ߶ȡҲԽԽ
ǡϵȵȻֲòβ룬ûȵļ
׶ѧλڰ칫еĹͼеϵŴʮڹģǿ
ʱĳ߶Ȳνĳ߶ȻڵĲѧţ
ѧԭʵûʵʵĸݣûȻ

ڻس̷ɻϣƤ˹ͷڱʼǱддƵͳֶη
ϵŷֲѧɻʱһ·û̫̫֨
ؿСӣҵȫ˰

ص˹٣Ƥ˹ĵһо۵ʣJerry 
Jer-Tsang Yuڿƣռʱеϵݣ˹
ٵĲôȽڼͳƷ

ȻǷϵŵķֲҲ߱ԵĹ
correlation

ʮһһоŻͳֶΣ
ҰԽԽֱＸڹ֮塣Ǹ߶ϣȻܾͬ
Ĺ1980꣬Ƥ˹ĵڶרĴ߶Ƚṹ
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universeϵͳܽһ֡

ԭͷţһԳƵı׼Բ򡣵ȻҲ
ǣȡβ͵ĳªֻԲһЩطϸ΢
ɫĲ졣Ҫܷ֡

Ǿסĵ򡣴̫иƬеĵܱһԲΡ
ϸ죬ͻֵᷢĳͻһЩı治ͬ
ƽƽ̹⻬ɽ֡ȵȣһ׼Բ

Ƥ˹ȴЭֵ΢ը
֮ĵһƹ⣬Ҳܼ߶ȡǸ¶ȡǿ
򶼾˵һ£ⲻҲûС߶ȽṹƤ˹
˺ơƽһôĽṹγֵأƲ
΢п϶ҲŲȣֻǷ̫С޷֡

1981꣬ŶͻȻ΢̽⵽˷ǳϸ΢֮һ
Ĳ졣Ƥ˹̷һģ͡һ꣬Щ
ȴջǵĽۣΪǵʵ΢ûв
졣ǣƤ˹ַģָ΢еĲ졪ڵĻ
Ӧûڸ͵ľϡ

Ҳ1982ֵ꣬±ͬ⡣ֻ
һﱩͣͻᴦƽȼ״̬ٲڵĴ
߶Ƚṹ

Ӣɷƶ»ʱŴѧṩһʽ
ÿٰһѧ顣1982걾ӦǵڶꡣеԴĿ
شͻƵĽڹϡţʣʽϲȫһ
죬ٰΪڽ20ġɷƶ¼湤顱Nuffield 
Workshop on the Very Early Universe

İűȽرÿֻһȫ
ʱ䡣Լ30λϣۡɴ;һ
ͬ㣬ҹڻšܶ˵ǲμӹΨһġ
顣

ڻΪ͵սᡷThe End of Inflationݽ
һ˫أȱԼԱǰ;ǣҲͬʱָܵĳ
·ڱֹ롰Ĵը͹̵һʱ̡

ھУһʯɽϹʱͬһʱ
̵µ׵ȶ̬ɱ͡ǵѧԣ
׵ʱ̾ͻռ죬е΢絽е΢һЩռ
ɱ͡͵ʱ䡢¶в졣ӳķֲϣЩ
΢ܼЩ΢ϡУΪãܼ
طԽԽܼڻɳγɺǡ
ϵϵŵȵȽṹɴ˵硣

ڻǰѾ˹㷺ע⡣˹˹̩غ˹
ޱ˹ȶڽŵؼѧķȡ֧龹
ͬĽϣҲһȽϡд衣
һҳ˸Ե⣬óһµĽۡԤ⣬ͽ
ʱֵĲӦҲڽ΢֮УԼʮ
֮һľϡ

Ƥ˹ӽдڵĴ߶ȽṹƲĲı
ϡ;ͬ顣

ڻܽУһαۡdead and then 
transfiguredĴᡣ

Դϣۺѧԩʵ˵һЯ
ͽԭеɽ͡ƽһƽ̹⻬ͬ
Ե뼸αѧ軭ϸ΢Ϊϵ
̫ϵԼϿһеǻṩ˳֡ǰᡣ

ֵ¸̾ûбͣǳªģûӣǿնġ
Without inflation, our universe would be ugly. Without quantum, our
 universe would be empty.

ѧ˵ɷƶ»ϵһԤ⻹ž޴ʵ塣
桰ڡǴը֮10^-35롪Ĵѧʽڲֻ
߼Ŀ룬һڽȷе֤ʵ֤αоݡ
ѧҲʵʡȷѧķ롣

ֻǣʮ֮һ൱̵ľȡǵĵͬĹ⻬
ȣôߵɽ㲻ܳ100ס΢Ƿô΢С
Ĳ죬ҪǳȷĲֶΡɷƶµݡǼһ
϶Լ֮겻ܿһ졣


إе

1923꣬ɳյǷƺƵţ̾һôһ
ҵ桱ʱվߵоCecilia PayneӢ
ˣڽŴѧҵΪΪŮӢûĻᣬƮ
Ͷɳ

ɳƤֵĹ̨ʱ󹬡Чʼ۵ġ
˷ܲѡͬʱҲĲ̣ϣܰĬĬŵŮԴ
ᡣˣоԺʱʼеĶŮһʱȺӡ
λŮо֮һ

ʶǰũܽġŶŮҡ
׷౳ԭǺǱ¶ȵĲ죬ɴ˷ֺǵΪ
ͬҪɷͺѰĽ⵽ڵĽ̩
ķ񶨣ձܡǹ̨ĵһŮʿΪ
ѧĵһλŮڡһλŮϵΡΪż˺ܶŮ
ԳΪѧңãJoan Feynman

20󣬹̨ȻǷǳеĽŮоѧԺԣ
1948꣬һλŮ˵Ϊոս顢òлǵ¼ȡʱ
Ϊɳ˵Donald MenzelΪ죬
ЩŮˡÿҺò׷һɫģȴȥ
ˡ

λŮ³Vera Rubin³õķգ

һ10СŮʱ³ϲڷĴ̨Ͽǿա
Լˡתơ󣬺ؾתأ
ڴڸټ¼ǵλãżֵǵĹ켣
ǲתǵת

ѧҵʱѧУָʦǴѧʶһȰ˵
ҪִġѧΪŮҵвǰ;һʻĵؽ
ѡȡҲǳϲĻ滭Ϊ¼ͼһ
á³ؾܾԼѡһŮӴѧΪǵö
һŮѧңѧԺ顣ֻ˹ʱǨ
ֻһѧġ

о֮ǰѧҵ³Ѿ˹˸Ӳӣ
ԲŮо֪֮ףȴҲǲ˼ػؾ
ˡΪ»ɷǿζѧĲʿʶʱ³ʵĵһ
ǡǷѧͳֻܷԼĻᡣ

ڿζҲΪ˶ʿоءȽڵĿΣ
һŮѧСһ죬ɷ٤ĪڡȻ־Ϸ
һƪ£ΪһǷתܶһƪ
µڴ󵨼裬֮Ⲣûʲô۾ݡ

٤ĪĹ³ͯ㽡ǵĵת
ԵĶתƣ̫ת̫ϵͬתţ̫ϵҲ
ϵתСʱأڲ˸ָתô
ΪʲôҲһת

漴ѡȡ⣬Լĥһо;ռ˵ʱ֪
100ϵľ롢ٶݣȰͶԶٶȲּ
ȻµġҲϵ֮ٶȸ軭Ȼ
ЩϵֳԵת

1950꣬³22ꡣϵνѧϹ
ŵһٲԼȥʣͣ
ҪԼ巢³˼һڻؾ

ٿʱ³ĺѾһ¡ĸרڱѩؿ
ȥᡣ³̩֮Ȼһ߲顢һ׼˳ڻΪʱ10
ӵݽֲһרǿҵķӦһΪ
û塣ϵĲ൱ϸµã
νĽֻеһƬУĵ˲ò
ʱݻᣬ³ֳ

ıڳġʢʱߵע⣬һƪΪ
ǵ˶۴֮ġYoung Mother Figures Center of 
Creation by Star Motionsıǿ衱ݵͬ
ʱ߻д

Ȼĳɹ⵽רǵһ·ԣ³˳ػȡ˶ʿѧλ
ɷʿҵ׶ʢһ³ʱΪŮԻǺ
һҵᣬֻڼӣǸ͵ļͥŮ
Ȼѧÿ־ʱ߷ı߰ᡣ

ֱһ죬ڼؽӵһ绰Ͳﴫľ٤ĪĴ
ɤš

³ɷϰ٤Īѧͬһʵң
ǳ֮ᵽӵ˶ʿġ٤ĪҲӦȥݽϽ
ҵ³ҪݡȻ٤Īݽʱ³޷ϯΪʵ
л

1950תĻֻ٤ĪʱѾİ˹̹
ȥ˹ٸߵоԺϰࡱ˵Ϊģֻϲл
ܶѧҡ걸incompleteness theorems߸
Kurt Godelһɢؼҡ

˹̹70ʱ¶һݱµڹ
ҵһתŵĽ⡣

İ˹̹ŹеģӦΨһģԵء
÷ص˽ӶҳͬĽðɡʱİ˹̹ѳ
̩ȻЦ˸¶ϵ

Ȼ٤ĪǸ¶ֻǺǺ档
٤ĪԳé®ͱ;³ʮͣʿѧλ
ڵλʢٴѧŮоʱֻγǴѧ
Ůо٤Ī˰ţ³γǴѧעᡢϿΡ
Ȼϵĵ¹һƵĳͼͷۡ

٤Īִ֮ϸڵš³ָ
ϾǸտʼʱʵһ⣺ϵķֲ᲻һȱȣ
Is there a scaling length in the distribution of galaxies?

ͬʱһλѧڰĴһֱ³˶ʿĲڲͬ
ϵзͬת֤ʵ³Ľָ
³ֻ˲ȷĽֵۣĲתЩϵ
ɵĴϵת

ϵķֲǾȻģǻɲͬСϵš
٤Īƾġȡ³ٶȷݷԹ
̨۵ĺݽͳƷʾϵķֲԵĴ߶
䡣ֻʱ˲ʿѧλ

һΣĽû·ԣõķӦȴʧѧû
ע⵽Ĺǡʢʱַһƪʽı25
ӵĲʿѧλMother of 2 at 25 to Receive her 
Doctorate in Astronomy

Ĵ߶ȽṹҪȼ֮Ƥ˹ٶ

Լ䴰ǵʱ³ʹһ͸
һɾͲڹʦװһªԶ
࣬ȴʧطԶûλõƶܳʱع⡣

1965³Ѿ4ӵĸףʿҵγǴѧ10
ĽѧͿСȴƽУ԰ΪһԶ۲
ǿյѧңԲСʱΡ뿪ѧһоȡ
ְλΪĵһλŮԿԱ˷ܵµİ칫ѣһ
иأKent Fordʦ

ʱƳһʽĹײǡһСɵĹӣͨ
ЧӦռϡӷŴΪȻӵĳֱ
ӿԶϽйײҪ
عʱٵԭʮ֮һ

³븣غ֪ʶЭӵ
;ȶԵʱʱֵ˲ΪƤ˹Ĵ߶Ƚṹоṩ
˿õݡ³ΪȤĻתʱҪ̽ģ
תҲǴ߶ϵȺתڽġϵת

Դ˹19ά̹ԶǺ˵״
ʱѧһȷƿ϶תС

1920ǳĴۡУƴϵ֮ڵɳ
ųһɱﵣѷɽ̨ͬɶAdriaan van Maanen
ڲͬʱƬȽзתļڵܹ۲쵽
Ƶת뿪ǾͲ̫ԶתٶȻᳬ١µ˹
޷ֻݡ

ͨ츸ǵľ֤ʵԶ֮󣬶Էɶ
ҲһֱڻΪѷɽ˺öꡣܹר
ɶͬǵͬںߣѧ˹
ɶĽظֻԼĴ

ơϵȷתСǵңԶǲ֮
ֱӿλõı仯ȴͨ׹۲ǵ˶ٶȡ
̫ʱԷ̫һĹȺƣһơ˵̫
һԶȥһڳǶ̫ת̫תҲ
ͨڵƶ۲⡣

ɳƵ˹ʱƹײ˹︥ѾִӲͬ
ߴڲͬǣ֤תʱӵе豸ֻ
ǿ׽ƵĹף޷ȷƵڲ

³׼ϸ۲ϵת1960ʱѧѾ
ϵĽṹǿһʽԲ̡Ĵǹܼڴ
ĺǡ⣬Ǵ·ֲһƽϣܶԽԽϡ衣ϵ
ԵʧЩϵıԵڸһ£һЩ˹
Ѿġβ͡

ѧҰ߼ϵʱ³ϵԵβ
͸ȤＸѾϵĵֻ̣м¶Ⱥĺ
ࡣܸϵĲΧǷҲȻϵڲе塢
γǴѧڼо֣̽Ϊϡ衢
ǿѻÿɿݡ

³ǸǸȡЧʹӵ֮ء

1963꣬³γǴѧʱлι̨
ꡢѷɽȶûһŮѧҡѯʱ֪ɽֻһ
ûá³һֽ壬һȹӵŮ״ڲϣ
ˡ

³Ϊ̨һλԶŮԡ

ʱ³͸ɣݵ̨
һƹ׵˹︥Ѿݣ̨ҲԶ
Զ׼Ůϵһһסٶȡ
ڸصĹӣĵ˻ûĳģϵԵѾ
ǹĺڰĹףּʹҲ߱ϵڲת
ȡ

һתÿ㶼ͬתٶȡԣת
ٶڵİ뾶ȡԵܵúܿ죬ͬʱԶö
ܳ

̫ϵҲһתϵͳٶȷֲ෴
˶ʱֵǸΪ⣺̫ת
ڵƽǺ̫ȡϵֿڡϸڵ
˵Ǿ̫ԽԶ̫תһȦҪʱԽ˵ٶ
Խ

ţٵľѧָƽɷȵĹģ
κͬϵͳǹ۲쵽ΧСʱѧ
Ʋǻһ壬ΪȦȦĲͬٶȻѻ˺顣
ʱ˹ΤĿдģӮһѧ

ϵ̫ϵ̫ͬĵһϣ
ǷֲڴĺСϵԵкǵĵطϵ
뾶֮ڣתٶȡȻжתĻҲͬ
տնС

³͸صʵʲȴԤڴྶͥϵתٶȼʹ
Ե֮Ȼź㶨ֵţٵۿԼ򵥵ƵζŮ
ϵֲʹϵ֮⡱ҲȵǸ
ǻϿκǵĴڡ

ǻص׶ʢʱ³һ档
һԶõĽŮϵԵ³Ǻϣ
˸ԶھϵԶĵطȻ⵽ͬתٶȡ
޷ôһ¡

Ůϵתٶȡϵĵľ루뾶
صٶȡԲݵ³͸صĹѧƵײݵ
źŲ

ϤţۡѧشȱݣϹ
۵Ҫϵġڰ֣ǻûܾ
쵽ʣǵάϵԵתٶȡ

196812£³ѧϹǳݡһΣ
᳡ûվȴҲûӦΪչʾٶʵ
š

70ѧɿɷ˹Rudolph Minkowskiǰ˹̹
ʦߴ۵ѧ Hermann Minkowski ֶӣ
³ʲôʱ򷢱³˷ܵشʵ̫æǸող
Ůϵһ򣬻кܶҪô
ϵ

ɿɷ˹ȴһûб³Ⱦִض۾ǿ
Ϊġ

δ


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