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ڴϺ˸ͯװСµʱ򣬲ϻϵŶҵ
ʼԽӽ˱ž衣һܹƴ
ֵĿӲشҡͷֵͷӴһۺʱæ
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2.пԶߣ粻Ҫˡ

ʱɫµʱ򡣶־󹷵СƵ
ѺӱߣŬǰӪܰ档Щ
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ںԶԶߡߡֳ෴򷢳
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ΧͼԡѪͷ޳ܲǲǣһš
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ھԺʱ򡣲ϣ
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άֻɳƣڳݲ壬ҼӶطԣҪ


5.ܾϣĪȥҪˡ

ѵҪͳһھʱ˵ġƾҽһ
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մصʡŷΡȨͨԿɲ
ţǾ˵ģŮС÷ԭо񲡣Ͷ־ǰ
˰˸С997ýаţΪиž͸
ۡϵʮʧԻ족֮ϲ
͡ġʡ˼Цˣһһɽ
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֡жŮ֣ҪŸ߼˵DNAⱨ档ʲ
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ܣ˼1998֤2000룬ǵȴ1987֮ǰõĹ£ʲô
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˼꣬һ׼˼ҵĴС㣬ƯŮͬѧʾое
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ԾԸ鸾൱ͬϣյΪǳ
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ȫ㿴ڻ˭ԼҺȡӵ֮͡ģͷ
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Сһֱɫɽװ˸еʡȻ֪еԭ
ίԴͯһξʮһֱҵĽᣬ޷ȴ
Ҳ޴ͻԸ⽫֮¶

ҵϼqǣҵĸѣһԷ򸾣Ǵѧ
ѧqǶеʦĳʿ̽ӵĹʦ֪ʶ
ͥھʮqСسﲢҲڼΨһһ
ҴӲ齫ļͥĸϣȥǼ棬һȥ
֪ķΧһĺӼȫǶŮһ
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·һ࣬ȺɵĴ֮󣬾͵ѧУſڡţ
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̯ģеҼĸԶУһȥ尢
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״ҿʼ٣ͷƤġͣʱǸ
Ӷ΢΢һЦҪҴڨҡһȾܣ

ӦΪֹҪһαܣҲҪһΡ
ıȫһܳͬܲʱһʱһۣ
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ˣʱҵĴҲԾˡұܳУ԰һ룺С
ܳУ԰ӵĽϣһǻнӦͬҷ
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ɵʱĩУ԰ûʲôˣһվУſ̫ۣ
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ҵֱҲҴֻСĵغĶ
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ҲҪ뿪ˡȷ֮ұԳ̵ٶ尢
ҵļš·ŵǸյĺͬʱһֻۡҪ˺
ͬڣҾ㵽յ㣡

ˣҷǽһɲЩűߵשϡҸϽš
õģΪҲŪܴ󶯾ҲҴԷɽװδԶ


ſţˣٳû˳ʱţ
ÿһ붼ѰҶôͻȻִӺͬɱ˻סң
ҰߣҲͣػͷţŵĺͬû˹ٲ
ҪˣҸɴţ԰źͬڡһɽװ
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ôôҡšһ£˹ȥһ
꺮ůֻشţûղŵ顪ʮӵĸ߶
ź˴һȫµ״̬һƬհס˵ģ
Ъһ

ЦҸ˻ƵģҽЪţ˵ıֽ
ءҰü尢̼ﱨֽϵķȻ
Ӳֽɡ걾ҷűֽȴ޷ȫעһ
طŴǰյһĻ

ĸʱҲʲôû˵ҵʱǣҸˣ
һʹ壬Ϳܻ֪Ұٵ˺ܾãϹ
ͻ¶֮һƤ֮ġ

³Ϊҵܡ

Ϊ·죬˯һһжãҴˣǽ
Ǹʼ֮󣬺ͬеһĻһһлطţ
θ̡һӣجΡ߽֢ʼԼΪʲôͬ
пɵˣһֱǰߣǲ̫ˣΪʲôߺȴۻש
ǾֱܳѧУؼһȥĸ׵ǲ̫ðˣΪʲôг
;ûѾ뿪ǲ̫ˣΪʲôŵʱ򲻸Ҵ
̫ˣΪʲôҺûаһʱߴˣǲ̫
޴ˣ

ҵĸ̣ŶԸĺ˼룺ǸҴڨ˵Щʲ
ô߽ףǻ᲻ͻȻץңҺСǻ᲻
ùӻңǰװҴȥұˣ
˻᲻ң

䣬ҲͼοԼԼˣ
أǿ·Ǵ붺ңҲҵѡ
ΪΣԴĴ̫ߣͬǧһ֮ʣѡˣ
Ҳ;ʹսˡ

ʱƣѧԺֽµھΣ尢Ҳк
ӣǻˣÿﴩİ˶񲻸Σ֮𣿶ң
Ϊʲôû뵽أ

ѧǰҼסqϹ·ϲһͬҼҺͬ
治׵һигҶ꼶ǻһҪ
Скÿ춼űڲгĴǰ棬ǱӰ಻մ
ڵķ㣬˲ԸкƤڣ۾ܴϿʱ¶
Ƭ۰סԶȪ飬մաǡϵǣ
·ӲԣҲӲִӱ
ȥӣ˰ʳݵߣȥҧȥ

ַھӶ֪˭·˵ǲмˣ첲
ǶϵģͷҲˣÿ첻ʱи˻Уһ
Ҫں˻ٰߡ

ÿѧؼңǸźҶǰԶ
Ҳ˫۾ңҾִٲʱһ
Զվһιձ׽ʱƤĺͯ
ʯӡҶӣҲӲ㡣һѧ̰ؼˣ·
гʱɫѰԶԶأҿһڰкϵֳϣǸ
ǡôһɫɽװ

һ̣ޱߵĿ־һӿҵͷһʱ䣬ұ
һοʼƴطɱðűײɵΣպᴩ·ֱܵ
Ųſϰݡ

ڶ죬кˣһıӣһ۾һվɡ
յجΣʲôû

ֹ˺һӣкˡ˵ˣ˵ˣʲô
䣬˭ҲãҲû˻ȥġʮqǣǶƶ
˶ľĮ룬ôһ
ʱڣкÿǰ·ﲻһȥ
ˣ

ܻһ۾ҵҾޡ룬
֮ǰǷһҲٹǧһʱֻ̣ҽѣҵ
ȴδ⣬ʧȥУĽļˣԼ
ܺһ

һ˲֮

ЩʱڼǸֻյĸ̨ĵϿѰ£
һ붼ǹڶͯġɫĻһİֺף
ʣǻȥ᲻Ǳˣ˵ߵĺһᱻ
͵أõĻᱻǮ˼ҵӣõģŮͱũ
ϱˣкأõģҪôѵ֣ҪôȥúҤɿ
أҪôͱֽȥҪҪôͱŪժȡ١һ
Уľ

ҵܱͯĿֲšƽ
ȴĥɽװĹ£Ϊ˲ٺ֢˺
¿ɫɽװ⣬ƽʱ·ƫͷΪϵĺ˸ţҲ
ԸԴкխĺͬϾΣաѹ֡ɱڣҺ·İ
ʿĴڨҽʮ㡭

ҵһ˽½ɽװĹ£ڱϴѧ֮
ˡҵһλѧͬѧǱ˴Σܴ
δߵһǴڽͬѧģҷֶԷ
һʲ֪ԭͬѧҲƵĿֲСʱӰ
ϰǵʱҴ󵨵ǰȥ§ס˶ԷԷû
ѡڰУˡǸе˺ۣǵһܵؿ
˴ˡ


20221ڼ估220գMǼ


      ¥ ϣ

			      ½˼


˵ƪϽӡ˿¿20205ºŵġաΪһ
ʦҵĹ¡ڶ֡


1.


ʱ1985ꡣ

ϺģǰڷĵһʽŪãС


ŪõӪΪ̣ŪÿڻеģŪÿ
ߣһٶ׵һת䣬ûʲô仯Խߵ淿
ԽϡϡߵŪõף·ͨˣ׳ơŪá

Ūõ׵ĵ̣ӭһ̻ɫС԰󷿡󷿵
и֮ǰķһʽⶥȻʮ׸ߣ
ŪĴ·϶ԶԶħñӡ󷿵ĺߣ
ľïܵС꣬ƽ߶ȱǰߵķݼⶥ˼ףһȻϡ
ǰ棬԰⣬һ鳤ЩӲݶЩĿյأС򳡴С
ΧֻǽŪΧǽûӡ

ռݡŪáεĶиֿ֣ڵģС¥
˹˫ġ

˫ʮǴΡԲ֮սƼسǷϺ
˾СӹƾӴ˴ģ֮ͳסˡ¥
ͷڡǰʹӱ룬ʼľӪɲӹ˶
ΣΪ׵ľݵ㣬סﰲȫֿ԰Ϊӵķѵء

¥ʷһЩΣѾصķʦʦҵڵ˶
֪ϺġضΡһصġ¥ҲΪһԱ
ѵ汦ءʵ沢ûпд¥ңƺⶫ
ͷΪڶںֻ˵ĿͷĿѡ

ĳһҹ

ڣá۹⡱ͽ̽һ¡¥ڲͷ
¥ľ޴ûˡϸ¥Ҳƺû죬
¥龲˵һɿյɱաʱҹǰ
ӵ̧ͷҹɫµա·ء

ʲôطҹèڽУָȻֹ

ͷл󷿶¥¥һȥһʮ׳׶
ߵȣǺʵʯǽǾǽʯǽֻһǰһ
һ߼СӴԿɽ͸߰֡

ұǸǽǽһܴķ䣬ߵмλãȷŰţ
ӷ⳯ڿԷڲƹڼ󣬼Ҿ߼Լľϳ˵ĵذ
ػɫƹ⡣

ͷҡδʮĹֱϰֹ˫޵Ĵߣ
סͻ֡

ߵСϷһϵкõת̳Ქ
ķ˹Ľĵһ£ǽľƬɣ·ϵĳ֧
ĥ˵ĳ뾫ϸţɳ¾ڵѬţ
ȵĿռͣԵñˡ

͵У˿˶ӵľִٲЦЦ˵: С
⼸¥̫ܲƽƾһδƣжＸʮK-
ڡ֯Ｏšˣвټһĳʦ
ѾǷΧǻöˣ͵ءʲݣ
ˣЦʹڵĵƹΪ֮һ

һڼ

Ū˭ҵݶϣ̷ҹèҵؽһ

¥Ūÿڵ·ԼŪתĨǵӰм
ǵӰεK-ӰӰ´£Ūõ׵ĿյϣŲ
뵺⡣

˫ʮˣλҵ˳ơҾϷʦڴԼڵ
ʱڵʱʮո¶ͷǡʮĩʢ
ʮʮʱʡ硱ͬССʮͬħ
ͷѷʦսۣԻս𻪶ͽϽǣɣӢ
ĺʱһ겻Ϊˡǻ𣬼
Ų¡˿⡰Զ롱ȥƵƹ£
һڴͷߣһϢˡ

Ҿݺв٣౻ʰK-
֮ǣ̾Ծƶ֮졣ǣķʵڸ
ǿ·Ī⣬о¥Ҳŷɥ֮
أټϡҾ㷺硱ӵܺ巨ʦἰʱȫ֧Ԯ
ԾԲڴ϶üˣߵļҲֻһδȫ
ĹЩһҲһֱûе㶯ġһЩĶ֣
K-̸ǣаܼСȣȻб³ַȴֲ
мСңЩаͷѾ׼˸
ԸȷϹ˫޵ѶK-緶Χչģ
жѲ꣬óѣǾٺòˣǾ͸ϼһ
ˡ

⼸գˣЩͷԵС֮࣬˹
˫ڲĴţ㴵ˡšһӦ
Ѹٴ˷£ǱŪ⣬簵̽仯
Ż

ν粻ֹ

ڵĹ˫Ȼ̸Ц: С1966ģ֮꣬
֮갡 

㶮Ϳˣȥ˵K-ˣȿ磬
ͥˣһֱ粨δƽǷǺʵǵͼҹ
ǰҳǰڿÿ˳ǰİʮǧ
ഫһδƽһ𣬺γ̫ƽγ

ţÿɷŤؾãϰֵĻعⷵôһֻ
ʷʶ۱ʣ

˴϶˵Ҫ׷ԵɣҸ㽲ţ㶮
𡪡ڲԺһȻᶮġܸܿǷʦүӺа
ʼڼǧǰڱ֮ءѡһսĽйء
˵սܣóѣԺ磬޿ɱ
K-ǣۣ԰ѰڰҸͶ𣺴ǰ෨
ʦӢرǽȺܹȽķʦȷ棬а㸸ң
սһƴһ׷󣬾ʲôʱ
ƽɨK-磬öǡȥӶʵһģ
ܹġƽ硯أ㶮𣿶𣡡

øֱˣϰֵյøˣȴҲƶǶ
ãˡ

ǵͷӲһ֡ò
ף˵ǡʱתҲУҽźеתˣ
˵ÿյ˳̣Ͼûʱôٲˣ
ѽƫƫҵֲˡС㶮𣿰Ⱳ
Ĳµľˣͬʱ˵ʵҶK-ҲĲ¡
˫˵úЩ߶߶ǣ˿ٵģܶ䡰㶮𡱣˵
ԼۣҲĶӹԽԽΪȻ

˫ʮŵõǰСӣһӣȻС
һϾʹй켲ϵĽ۴Ӱ̳к
չ洫Ǳǰ̣ǣ㣬ĽȫĴӹ
츳ҲѾСгɾͣȻԸ׷мѧ
ĸһ𣬶Ȼ뿪ϰֹ˫ޣһȥͷôһֱ
Ըϰϵͷӹ˫ܴԲѶΪ֮˽
ߵĹΪԼ²Ĵ˺һ֧ڣ˵
ԼⱯ

һ˵ҲûʲôĵġԹ˭
ԺԺҪԼȥһˡȻСϵĹ
ϾǹҵĺˣӦеݺ˵
дǲأǻԸָΣյġ

˵תͷȥϷһִ
ľ

ϻǲزڷغڰһ˿Ϊ
Ϊʹ˫޵ķȴк
ǲһԾСèҪɣ״ֳ̬˴ǰ
ͬţעү˫ޡϻܣڴǰ
񲢲ռ˺ܶطֻεĻϵɫ˵ı黹Ҫء

ԥһ£ɿ˵֣ӳŲŲƽʱڼ
ͷЩģϰΡ̬ư
ںëƤȺϻôΪתԼעż
оȥǿӽβĲķ˹ĵһ¡Ǹ߳ôԽ
᣿ 

ٺ٣ǲԺ󻻸ӣӻù١Ѹ
شӴݵ֣ϻԴ̾ϻǲע˵
ȴʼҡҡͷ˵˦ˡ

ٺ٣װģҡͷԵģ֪ʲô
Ͳûεס㣬ͿԴӴңΨҶ
ˡϻͦ´ʱ˿˵ļ̺߶ǰצſͷ
ȥûһſ£Դͻˣʶͷ­˾޴
أݡ

̾˿ֺϸϻ: ǲϢˣ¥
ſȥվڰɡ治̫ƽҪΧҪ͹
۴ˣ԰תһȦָӵΣǱ
ϸƣЩһһȷ棬ٲ֮ģȥɣЩҪ
ҪСϻ̺ӣһŤͲˡ

ոſµĵطһ鴥ĿĵĿյ

ָ˳գ˵ɲʱһ: Ŷ
֡ķ˹֣ܸߡķ˹
һҪļڵζŶ
˵ɡСǲģǸʵɿĻ顣ϻ
Ҳһͷ֮ޣϧ͵òˣûۿӵ׳ɳ
ӴǲûҿʼѵҲˣѾ߱൱ı
Ͼͷϻ෽ǿˡҪˣͰˣ
ҪúôӿĬҪ˺Ͷ޼䡢
䡣˵ͷ

ҪмǣͷɫǻصղǾ仰Ͼ
ͷϻҪѱֶκʱҪڻص
ž

ٴʹͷЩġ

ǸΣ亹μһ
ֹ˥Ĺ˫ޣһ߳׵ĲвŮ֮
ͽķ裬͸аǻʦһ쳣ǿ
Ź˫ʩɱ֣˫޵֮ȺΧջ
ֻʣڹӲдʱϻǲûԱߣûõĶȴ¶վ
ݽǹսȻΪְ֡ʲôǿаԤƷ
ɥʧ˳ֵǺֵģԾһ
޴ȰҪôҲäĿٳδ
ﲻӿˮ: ְ֣֪ǰϽ
ɽ⵽űһ첻һġгһգһΪ㱨
ʱҲҪĸʦĸңҷҪڡ硯ȥ࣬
ս͵Ϯ˺Ķһμס˵˫֣
ȴ˫ֱȸո˺ܶ࣬еľҲһֻɢ
ְκܿĲͷ췦ˣ˼
İο;衣

Ļȴ϶Ȼĳ嶯뷨: СҪ
ű£Ǻ㲢ɣ᲻Ҫĥ㱦ഺͻ
СҪһ仰һĹִű㷴һ޳ɣ
Īǧǧɴ£˵ݣȴֲ
ɡ

˫˵ЩѾĻֹסҪһӺͳ
ȥۣߺŴߴͷһ˵Ĵװһ
ںڵĶľ

״ʱ̬Ĭ


2.


˫ȰǱװݸķīɫȻ
λĴ: ע

˫֣ص: Ȿעǹδһų߹
֮ܽǰڷʵĵúͷдɣ˽
ӡˢװġʱӡ˲༸ֻǹԼڲ
ķң¾ʣһ䱦Ĺ°ˣҲ̨Ĺ
Ҷӡˡĳԭ°Ҳܸӡ㿴ˣҳ
үү֮ǰܶүүİְүүǵעȻЩ
ѾģЩҳѾ𻵣ǶҪģȻҵõȥڻ
ͨЩעҿܱܿĵݸٸвοԣ
׾ֽ׻νٻţǧк֣̽
ʹⱾ˻ʵı䣡ˣ¿๦˼ĥ
ҪڷʵʱձضЧǳ١С
ϣ㽫ܳԽҺ͹ҵǰˣڷ߶Գһң

˼壬ǹ⡣ȻⱾ
ָġǹ㷺ѧϵۣҲִѧоϸ
¿ⲻͬǷˮ֮Ľ⡣

˵ϵģÿ˵
ˮִĿѧܾǡ) Լˮسת
֮ԭٸʵеǿ֮֮ȵȵȵȡ

ˮͻķ˸ð˸ݡ

˵׻׻У·ǧصƵģӹȻʮ
ġעСѧǱ޶ġ嵼ۡ
֮󣬹˫޵ڶʽׯأĺ塣

ϡⱾ䡱ԭӦôеģְûиõѡ
˲ȻȻôġҲֻܺΪ֮Ȿ飬ԺȨҶ˵
Ϊղذ汾ҲաⱾ϶Ҫȡ嵼ۡѵö࣬
ҽϰֲߵָ

ţ˫˵: ⣬ҪģⱾķҳ
ӡǹҵļѵҪμסճй᳹ʼգ
ЩľݸҪ˫˵ţСطеƾɵ
עҳָȻͻһдָϸ

ƾ֮࣬; Զ켺

ҳȻеаѼѵĬĬжһ顣

űȾʽļѵһ֪⣬ƣΪʲôְǰû
ѵҪڵͷȨ档ľľګګģʲôҲû
˵

Ǹںڵİľ̰ǴСϤģϷʦ˫
һֱŵľ·ҲһҵĴұҶ
ΪɫѺڵ÷ϵԵôҵִ淨У
Զġ塱Ҷŵڶˡ塱Ѿ˫
ղиһܵط˲öö֪ټ

ҶһͷԲƽģһͷЧȡֵĽ
һͷ΢ģһͷɢͨ
ˮ ()ĳֹϷʽ۴ڰڵģʱͨ
Ŵ󣬾мǿɱԽʹ÷Խ磬
Խи߶ȵ׼ȷʺ;ЧսʮǴΣҾ
ϻǲĸϻ˺ӱƼؽ˫ɽ˰ɽԲ
ʹáҶ˶һΪõ⥡  

Ҷڵһʹýӽϣнʱ
̫ȽС硱ս

ڣҶҲʵ˹

˫ް˹Ȼڴͷ̾˿
ŶӵһͷŨܺڷԼճʱ緢Ȼڵ
쭳һһ·һ鲻ԽҲ鲻Խ˵ĺ
£鲻Խ޽ӵĺܶ˺ͺܶɴãֻСʱ䡱
ʵǡΨһ衣

ʱͬʱĴǲûצˮϿĥһ
Ǿ˽ӽ󷿣˶ʱѡһǲͳƺһ
ʾˡ

һЦ

˫ֽ̧ϵĲķ˹ص


3.


¥ŵĴһ£Ӧ¥ŵԿס
ܸӾɣûԿҪǺѵġ

Ųٵ¥¿¥ȣֱ⡣ڵķű
һλСͷǹ˫޵ĸ磬Ĳ˫ء

˷ŵĹ˫ͷ󺹣һվ㼱Ͱ͵˵: ޵ܣ
ⷿŪʵһ·߽Ҳû鷳
ƶ֮ʶ࣬ûϷ򡣲ȥһ׼
Ū·ڣ߰ɣ㡣Ź˫Ǵ
ļƣ⣬شʵ: ιϲߣҪҰȥģ
أﻹܹλϲϲֲϲ
ϲΪ˳ʵϲͶܹܵ˫̫ΨǴ
ˡ

˫̧ͷ΢Ц: ⺢ӣô˵СҲǵģ
ԲûԤȸ㣬γų;˫زⰲŵġ
˵˾ȻӴһµ㵸Щǿյһɣ
ҡҾۻأⲻұͨķǰҾ
Ҫصϼ̨ɽȥһ⣬пܣһµʦһ棬
ٴһۻĴʡѽҲӹ٣Ҷ
աⲻʣһ⻹ߵö˫һߴ·
һ˫صʲô˫ҲͬӦšϰ
һ˴󻰣ҡͷĬ÷ʦе˲
ߵߣġ

źߡ̨ɽҷԴأҲǽشս۵ķ

깫˫޺͹˫ֵܳǰĵһK-սۣͷ㽭ʡ
̨ƽɽϡҹºڷߣֵܲ׵бսΧ
ǵʮרŴ˸ȥġýػءħ֣а
ɥͷĿǮ

ǻعֵˣȴһսԷʧأ黯ȥڤ߸
һͷŶޡԭױǮҲشΪ֮
һս󣬺̨Թġýػءֻ֪ѶˣӴK-


Ȼδȥ̨磬Ϊҵĵϵ
ж̲סʼ֮

ǣµϺʦȻǷK-磬
׹ˡ˴ʦˣȴҲԸǶ
ж޿ɹİáϺи黹ǸǰˣǸ
гһĴϰֹ˫˵ʦΨһһ
ʵùڤ硱ٰȻתģκ˺͹඼
ģǵгķɣ׳٣˵ǧҲֻзʦү
Ǵ˵˫ϲ˵˫Сʱʦ
ǿأԺʮάꡣţϰ
ǰȥһ̨ʦĵ

˫޴·ʽԸͬ´ﲻΥ
ϻǲξͲҪȥ̨ɽˣϺľؼңԻչ
ҲɣʱԼΪڰɣȴ̨ϼҵĹ˫ӻصϢ
жȥ

й˫غһЩ硱ʦҵ
棬·Ӧò̫Σա

ϻǲŵŵ

˫޾ʹ˸𡰱¥һ֮

Ǻ˹ϻǲһոһ
¥˼ĵȴ

ô˿зһǱϡ顶עǿܷ
͸еѱЩ½ڣһҳͺ飬
Ҳֻݲҳûнӡϻǲʱ￴С
ĹܽȻ뿪󷿣ʧ˼Σÿζֻһ
ģǻص¥׵㡣

ʱĳ̶ֳ϶˺Ͷһһ벻ġ


4.ֲ


ǰһĸ߿ɼ㣬ѧѧϵ¼ȡ

Ǻ¶ĥѧǰһ󲡣ת
ҽΪȻҪټҲҪúչزϰ֣
ѧУһѧĲٲ׼Ǿʹżѧ
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ֿܵͨڶݶмǿĹס
ҫһ£ҪԳռϣ߸ϵİ˽촰ֱѲ
һ¥ǰĸ߲òϳ࣬࣬
˷ɱ߲֪꣬ôܵǣײǽأͷ
ʲô͸ļӲϰסȥ·ӶǱشӰ


Ȼǽǣڲ紹ֱҲճѲ⣬
ռʵա

һΣ֮ǰûи˶߷е㲻Ҳ롰ѹȺۡ
ЯķأԷһΣɵ̬ȴø죬
ҲʹҲֵˡ

ǰļӿеǽ͵ײòᣬǷ׷
ϡʹͬ߷һ𣬳롰ա̽Ҳ
ѧǳȥҲá

߷ֻգʱֹͣˣıϿ¡˰
һЩոԾײصĹؿرԸ࿴ó
ţҪԤءԶϣɹŴ򹷵̬ƣ
Աȡ״¥ݣ϶¥̽þ

ע¥Բ׶οռиϷƣСĽ󡱡Ǹ
װã֣Ϊ̫գҾʱû
ЩˣĹͻ겻ˡĿռK-Ŀռ
صֿϸ΢֡κηϳɹռϵü汸
Ŀѧѧʺ͸ķѧʣֵͬʵʩһܼ޵Ĺ̡Ͳ
̽ˡ

ã¥

ǣ¥ݲա

ǰ˵ˣ¥ݵݼǽڷյԲιܵڵģӵ¥ʼ̸
ڡ¥ϣ˵¥ݵĹ쿴ȥαġ

һ㣬ȿֺʵ¥ĹвǡʹK-
ӾǶȿȥڲ֪ǶĵƹΧ£¥ϱ
ӫ⣩Ĺܵ¥ݣֳһӾصӰ״òҲ˵
K-ѱĽۣ۴Եؿͬ
ϸֱĻЩ΢Сġ족ġӰ
ӰԣŲײģΪͬǵһӾ
ͻ

Ȼ֣ʹǸев㲻ǰԾԾ׼
¥ģʮ࣬㿴ҿ㣬ģûһʾҪ
ġҪġҾѨһ춯صҵ
µʵ̫ˡϣ

ϣ˼ٴηˡ

ڶݶӵʮ׳Աһܵܵ̾ͱһ
ĻŤתҡΣܵ˺Ȼá
ûнܵڴĹ࣬ܵڲʲôֻܵ
һƬǺ¥Щ֮УвٹȺˮ׼ѡꡱ
ܹK-⡰ȡźţǣܵĹװ
ƣûһǰȥӪȣǰ׶༪ǰȥ

ܵŤתҡ˴Լӣ㾲ֹܵڵõĴͷ
Ҳ𽥼ͣڣܵⶼͣˡ

һһع൨ľȥܵ¥ݿڴ
ףտҲʮͬﶼˡһϸȴݼм
ѾûĲ֫ϱۣ壩ߣ߷ǿźò
ԴһƤһСƬë¥
ݵĵطҲᶯˡ

֪ЩʵߡK-Ҳȫû޼̡

¥Щı³߾ʧһĪչԥ
䣬ַ£ǽǷڻľˣʱȻһµתǹڣ
Ĺһʱ䣬еɳϡº͵ﱤڣǹ
רŴӵżĺХӻֱɳ
һࡣ¸ʣĹŵòᣬЩӦģ
ֵһߴڼӲʵǽϣѻʯ
ӡ۶û£ľ˺ﱤﻹһͦ
ǹͣӺЩڵĹȫе

Ŷ￴شŵĹٲԸͣƬ̣̳ŶҪ
ܣȴںڰлŲ·԰ı߽ǵشʣûбǩ
綾Ⱦɥֲע촦

ȫˣŪƽ겻֪ʲôʱͣˡ

Ȼûйϣ¥֪Ĵδ١


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

 	̬ƶ

				P

СǱضʽΪֻ̬࣬ԭʼ
ᡱūᡱ⽨ᡱʱᡱ͡ᡱ
Ŀǰڡ塱ĳ׶Ρᡱһἰ
ӢĴǡձȣǶ˵ǡʱ
塱ңΪʱ塱ǳĽǮϵеľǮû
飬ǿʱѹեͶ߲ŷģһ䡰ʱ
塱ǡ塱ΪƣڰѹȣһУ
ƽȣ飬ƶ࣬ͬԣǵĹ塣

ϵ̬һ˼ĸָǡʱ塱
ʽάǰʱ塱ʽƶȻ֮ľġʷνӡ
˼ûγһᾭ̬ۣĳԸΪ
ʷѧҵó̬۵ĻȻĶȻ
ǲ׼ȷģµġʱ塱Ϊǡ˽ƺͿ
ϼӪΪĿĵľƶȡʵϺܶ෽ȴ෴ǣ
νʱ塱ȴдĹƾáӪԻҵ
λЭᡢ۵صȣָϵµνʱ塱
ңÿһ˶ܿ𲡵ҽÿ򶼾߱ͼݡ
洦ɼĹֳͯ͹ṩֽϴּ䡢ÿÿ
ṩ˵޾ˮˮṩ͵׶԰ѧѽ
εط߱ʿĹÿһʧҵ񶼿뵽ʧҵ
ýÿһԱṩֱպͷֹѹեɧŵĸǰѵȡ
νͬԣġ塰ȴд˽ƾúӪԻȥ
ųơҽԺļ￴ȽǮپˣڼϰѣ
ǵη񲢺ٴȥѧϰųƽȣȴǹٷļ
ֵֽƺͳӡ෴νֻǮûġʱ
塱ȴȾٽǮȻĲȥϰࣻ
ƸдͳҪһ֣ͻᱻ϶Υ 

˼ۻϵġ̬ڵ粢ûеõձ
ɣ緢ҵڶԡʱ塱һʸͲôϤҲ
ΪԼĹҾǡʱ塱Ҳ֪ʲôǡ⽨ᡱū
ᡱᡱôҶֵأͨ
£     

1.  (Monarch)

ҪΪࣺ

(1) Ծ (Absolute Monarch)

ԾǾӵоͳȨľƣͨΪϮû
ƣ䲻κηȨȡӵоԵͳȨŴйĸ
16֮ǰӢɳذȡҪἰǣй̿
ѴسʼĩйΪ⽨ᡱǰ˼ʷѧ
ҵġ̬ۻֵģһ㽫롰ʱ塱ΪԱȡȻ
ġ⽨ָߡҳԱ
͹ַأǡǡ෴ ⽨ƶȡҪس֮ǰ
Ժʼͳһй󣬶ԹȨʵ뼯Ȩƣȡ⽨ƶȡ
ȫеһġơԴԺйԿΪ

(2)  (Constitutional Monarch)

ֳƻƣǾܷʹȨ
ľʽʹȨʱĸɲȨԼ١
ľƸӢĻϷչģѡٲἰ
쵼ʹȨȨְλ£Ȼ
Դκȼ߲㣬衰ˡλԷӳµƽ
統ӢĴǡ󡢺ʱ
䡢ձȹҡ

2. Ȩ壨Authoritarianism

ȨԾܾζԪʽʹǿȨά
״ٷΡȨͶƱ ȨȨڱרƵĻͷ
ģҿܻӵͳΡȨصͨѹƺųǱ
սάָ߶ȼеȨ Ⱥ֯ΧȨĿ
궯ԱǡȨңûȨȨصǾԻäĿ
ʽȨԸɡӢ쵼˴оáº⽻ϵȨ
һǶã統ĳʵȡ֮⣬Ȩ
ȨʽΪķ棬֮Ľý
ԼԿֲֶνвɴ¹ȡ

3.  (Democracy)

ƶȨ; (ֱ)ѡִԱ
 ()˭Ϊǡ񡱵һ֣Լ֮
ȨȨʱڲͬĹԲͬٶȷ仯ԽԽ
ҵľձ鱻ڡĻʯᡢɡ
ƽȡݡͶƱȨڱ޶˰ȨȨȡ
֪ۼLarry DiamondִָӦĸؼҪأ

(1) ͸ɺ͹ѡٲ
(2) Ϊκ͹
(3) йȨ
(4) ɺͳͬй

ʿȹҾִơ⣬ͨѷ
ҽСʱ塱ôһЩչйӡȡʲôƶȵأ
ʱ塢⽨廹壿ʵӡȺͰҲǵ͵ִƣ
аƹҡ


Ȱԭ֮Bob Dylanƪ

				Yiren


ƪThe BeatlesҽһThe Beatlesͬʱ
ΰԭԸBob Dylanй˶Bob DylanͬȽİȥ
˽ĸҾһЩԭ϶ߡ

Bob Dylan ԭRobert Zimmerman1941һ̫˼ͥ
ĿѹʵĹܻӭʿʫDylan Thomasʫʱ򣬱һ
ܲѰľ - ΪBob DylanDylan20ҿʼ
ݳ񣬹д˳300׵ĸ󲿷֪ĸ60-70
ɵġDylanΪʷΰSongwriterҲֻ
ŵĵһˡ

1 Dylanֵĸ

Dylanĸðҥҡ֡ʿ֡
ֵȣҪΪ󡢷ĻȨ˶ȣһЩ
Ϊ˺Ȩͷս˶޸衣ҪһЩDylanֵ
ȥĸ

1.1 Like A Rolling Stone

һDylan1965괴ݳʷܻӭĸ
6ӣDylanĸ伪Ϳٰ࣬ȥ
ö׸Dylanһʧ衢䵽һİ
Ů˵Цʹͳͬǣһ޶
ǰŮ Miss Lonely Ҳʾͬ顣

...Once upon a time you dressed so fine
Threw the bums a dime in your prime, didn't you?
... Now you don't talk so loud
Now you don't seem so proud
About having to be scrounging your next meal...
... When you ain't got nothing, you got nothing to lose
You're invisible now, you got no secrets to conceal...
... How does it feel
How does it feel
To be on your own
With no direction home
Like a complete unknown
Like a rolling stone...

׸ԵؽԪ缪١١ֹDylanĸ
ԼDylanᡢ׵ĳЦһγһӡɡԢ
ԵΪһĻϲĻҡֲ˾޴Ӱ죬ͬʱҲɾ
Dylanľǵλ춨Dylanһҥֵҡֵĳɹת
ʯ־ʷΰ500׸еİס2014꣬׸ԭ
ʼдŦԼ200ĸ߼ۣΪָһ
¼۸

1.2 KnockinOn Heavens Door

׸ Dylan1973ΪһƬ Pat Garrett and 
Billy the Kid ĸΪDylan60Ժк
౻ĸݺܼ࣬ Knock-knock-knockin' on 
heaven's door ظݳ17Σ
滺öִһЩˣ

Mama take this badge from me
I can't use it anymore
It's getting dark too dark to see
Feels like I'm knockin' on heaven's door
Knock-knock-knockin' on heaven's door (仰ظĴݳ)... 
Mama put my guns in the ground
I can't shoot them anymore
That cold black cloud is comin' down
Feels like I'm knockin' on heaven's door
Knock-knock-knockin' on heaven's door (仰Ĵظݳ)... 

1.3 Blowin in the Wind 

һDylan1962괴Ŀ伤ǶԺƽս
ɵһЩʡеĵ The answer, my friend, is blowin' 
in the wind; The answer is blowin' in the wind ָıģ
ɣҪôԣϣҪôһΡ׸
ķΪҥDylan伪Ϳٰ£ö
ϿڣΪȨ˶޸衣

1.4 Hurricane 

һDylan1976괴һǹһȭ
Rubin "Hurricane" CarterļΪҥҡֹɣ
833룬öΪDylan704ɹĵ


1.5 The Times They Are A-Changin 

һDylan1963괴1964귢еܰոҥӰ
ͿͬDylanԭࡢٰµ
Ȼö׸ԵѾӰǶĿ


...Come gather 'round people
Wherever you roam...
Come writers and critics
Who prophesize with your pen...
Come senators, congressmen
Please heed the call...
Come mothers and fathers
Throughout the land
And don't criticize...
For the times they are a-changin
The line it is drawn
The curse it is cast
The slow one now
Will later be fast
As the present now
Will later be past
The order is rapidly fadin'
And the first one now
Will later be last
For the times they are a-changin'

׸޴Ӱڶ֪òͬʽ

1.6 All Along The Watchtower

׸Dylan 1966꾭Ħгͨ¹ʺڼڼ
ģˡС󡱺͡С͵֮ĶţСԹ˺ľƣ
ʳܾӦõģӵذʾDylanĹ͸ױ
㲥˾ĲΪױǹ㲥˾ṩĵλȥ
ԶΪҡмٰͬ࣬ɺгѰ
ζ˸Ҳڶòͬ÷ķ浱Jimi Hendrixģ
˷ Dylan ԭʼ¼ºУΪ1968  Top 20 

1.7 Mr. Tambourine Man 

һDylan1964괴1965귢еҥ
ʵеMr. Tambourine ʱΪҮ
÷ֵĴߵҲΪ׸Ҳø⣬Mr. 
Tambourine ָڽ̾ʹߡ ʵģ

Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you...

׸跢кΪУDylanϲڶֳݳб׸貢
¼Ķźϼ

1.8 Every Grain of Sand

׸Dylan1981괴ΪDylan1978 Ϊ˻ͽ
еġEvery grain of sandҮաԵǿҰʾ


...In the fury of the moment, I can see the master's hand
In every leaf that trembles, in every grain of sand...
I hear the ancient footsteps like the motion of the sea
Sometimes I turn, there's someone there, at times it's only me
I'm hanging in the balance of a perfect finished plan
Like every sparrow falling, like every grain of sand

滺ö
ΪӢʫWilliam BlakeᲢۡ

1.9 A Hard Rains A-Gonnna Fall 

׸1962 DylanӢҥ "Lord Randall" Ϊԭġ
Dylan׸йŦԼͼĶ΢ֽʱĸܣ
һʱ䣬ʶһĻһָĻһֺڰӣһ
ѣһԶ񱨶һֹͬ˵Ļƫ˹ҲΪ
ʷصĿ֮һգ

1.10 Tangled Up in Blue

׸Dylan1975꣬ϲĸʺDylan覵ĸ
׸ֵס׸ۼҵĹ㷺ڸϣ
Dylanֳݳ׸Ĵߴ1600Ρһΰҵ
Ĺ£Լȥڣ˽Ͱ塱ʱ
ƶ仯Billboard ׸ΪDylanӰ
ҵĵȥһ仰ĵ䡰Tangled up in blue⣬ʺг
83ľӣɼDylanѧʫ̡

1.11 Just Like A Woman 

׸Dylan1965жڴģΪɫ龫
ѡҼ͸֣ΪרҵĿ׸Ҳд
Ϊ˹DylanҥJoan BaezĹϵڸ
磺

...Please don't let on that you knew me when
I was hungry and it was your world
Ah, you fake just like a woman
Yes, you do, you make love just like a woman
Yes, you do, then you ache just like a woman
But you break just like a little girl

ָǹϵڣΪд׸ʱBaezDylan
Ȼ׸νԱӻŮ֢ܵһЩ˵

1.12 Vision of Johanna

һDylan1966괴ݳĸһЩۼҳDylan
д߳ɾͣ˸ԵİʾԺ΢ԡӢʫAndrew 
MotionΪʷΰDylanۼMichael Grayô
׸΢֮: Ҫɾڻ룬ʡϸ
ײصԣѧΪһȥǿ
оѡĲ֣

In the empty lot where the ladies play blindman's bluff with the 
key chain
And the all-night girls they whisper of escapades out on the "D" 
train
We can hear the night watchman click his flashlight
Ask himself if it's him or them that's insane
Louise, she's all right, she's just near
She's delicate and seems like the mirror
But she just makes it all too concise and too clear
That Johanna's not here
The ghost of 'lectricity howls in the bones of her face
Where these visions of Johanna have now taken my place...

1.13 Positively 4th Street

׸Dylan1965괴ǰġLike a rolling 
stoneеƣʴпɬĳͨΪڳЦסŦԼ4th 
ľΪDylanӴͳҥתҡ֡Dylanȸ߸
δָĵڶ˳Ŀ꣬Ƿǳ˵ԼѣȻо
ǱѵӡȻǸģԹܷΪı
ǵҥҡ

1.14 I Shall Be Released 

һDylan1968괴ҥҡΪõĸܵ
ֵӰ죬ڽ̾ĴӼͷŵ˼˽
Ϊһ׹ڱĸ׸ǽһ
Ӧܵ𱸡ڡݺ ߷˼
ÿҷˡ˵κһҶᱻͷš


They say everything can be replaced
They say every distance is not near
So I remember every face
Of every man who put me here
I see my light come shining
From the west down to the east
Any day now, any day now
I shall be released
They say every man needs protection
They say that every man must fall
Yet I swear I see my reflection
Somewhere so high above this wall...
Now, yonder stands a man in this lonely crowd
A man who swears he's not to blame
All day long I hear him shouting so loud
Just crying out that he was framed.

˳׸һ򵥡˻ζɵĹ¡͡һ
ҡʫDylanʶŬʮڽӴһ
֡

1.15 Its Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)

׸Dylan1965괴DylanһЩ
ԵĻеαҵ塢ս̬ķŭ
׸ĹעԽΣ˴ڵĵǣ˸˾Ľ⣬
ģ

Darkness at the break of noon
Shadows even the silver spoon
The handmade blade, the childs balloon
Eclipses both the sun and moon
To understand you know too soon
There is no sense in trying...
He not busy being born is busy dying Money doesn't talk, it swears,
Although the masters make the rules, for the wisemen and the fools
But even the president of the United States sometimes must have to 
stand naked

Dylan ˵һ׸˵Ҫĸֳֻ
׸衣ЩҲΪ׸ܱ Dylan κ
ĸԣһĽ


2 Dylanĳɾ

2.1 ʯ־100 λʼΰSongwriter УDylan 
λ

2.2 ʱ־ռ20100λӰУDylanУ 

2.3 ʯ־2004/2005/2011100 λʼΰУ
Dylanе2     

2.4 ʯ־100 λʼΰSingerУDylanе 7  
    
2.5 ʯ־2010г500ʼΰĸУDylan13ף
3

2.6 2016ŵѧߣΪ"Ϊΰͳд
µʫ

P.S. ʱֻȥԸ˽ױʲô
Ӣĸ)ڴҽͬʱȥʵĺ⣬
׸裬еõʾ͹裬ԭԸֵƷ
һ룬ŵίԱ˽Dylanĸʵ
Dylanõŵ

20221ŦԼ

ɡӹ֮뵽

졤

ĩݼЩϾǾ͵ѧèͷӥȺ¥۵Ȼ졣ԭ
ѧèͷӥĻۡ
һT˵ϲһ仰ǱָӶҽ̫ʱӵ
ش һҲˣֻյҽѧ֪ʶһЩնѡ
ܵǹҽѧɴһ۵㣺ʦ
ӹˡһҲƫϲŭֽڡȻ˶ͬ
T˵ӹ˵ֱֻˣӹʱʱ̣̿
ƫУаġѾ˵ġӹ
壬Ҫôнͼдţ˼֮˵
ӹǲƫС޹ƽĵΪͬУȻΩΪ֮
óУ޲ӹĵС˱㲻ˣóУ
ӹĵΥӡȻͲӦӹƽоǲƫУ
޹޲˼һԭģ㲻ȥһ޴

ѧèͷӥó֤˵˾ɷʱ˵Ļ˵
ǻᷴ˵ġڲɷУǿԼһڲͬйˣ
йܶ˱ӹ֮ҵ·ӹ֮ȫۣ
ҵ·ʽǺܶ˽ܲ˵ġӶˡ

T˵ճ׻ӹȻ˵Ĳһ˼Ѩ磬
˼Ѿ෴ġ ӹҲĴʡңԵ
С

ѽ鲻Ҫ ӹȥݷʦܻʿá
Tش˵ΪʲôأŴ־ʿõһʡ׻㲻𣿡

˵һҪùŴԵظʱش˵ǲˡ
Ǳȱ ǷʦһȱʦӰټҡ
ҲóŴ߾硰ӹݷʦ 
Ⱥģпһ⡣

ʷǷ徭ʱôشģ
ǲֻ徭ӰټҵҶϵͳؿǴӸеʱ򵽴
ѧѧһֱڿģԿ˵ǱȽϤġҿЩ飬徭
Ӱټҵȵȣ˵мȡʲôǻۣʲôѧǻۣҪͨ
ĶⷽйĻйʷ˽⡣˵֪Ҫ
˽˼룬Ǽȡǻۣûһ㡣˵: ˽а 
ǲݱлôɽӣ

Ⱥһλʦĵظӹ˼ٸӣӹñȲ
ˮ˼Ҷˣ˰ɡٱ磺˭дĲҪɣÿ
ˣ˵˱壬ҾûҪݱ塣Ҳӣ
ΪҵȡǵСһ˴˼ǧ꣬Ȼǵ
ʺ͵ĴͬȻλӰ

ʦԭͣӹǵǴ˴̬Ǵԭ
ƫоǲҪֵ˼׼¶ˡӹڿ϶
ȷǰ壬ǿ϶ûõΪ˶¸߶е㲻һ
ʯͷ֮㲻ܲƫУûû֮䲻ܲƫС
ѡʱ򣬱׼ȻǶԼԼһƫˡ
£Ӧиϵı׼һƫ⣬ν
ӹˡ´ɸмͼ꣬ҲӦƫ⡣ȵȡ 
ʵУһҪӹģͨĨϡƫ̻дһռݵ¸
ָֻŲࡣ

û뵽õһָ𣺡עԴǡҪ˵໰ ȺŮ

    ʦĪʣľ仰໰

ôƺӵģ治ȣò

ᣬ弾϶ôã
ɡ

˵Ǳ尡֪Ǳ𣿡

ƺӴϳһ䳪ʽ㣬ļ
ѵҲ໰

Ҳֻӹı, ΪαλȺ֮ 

ƫ˲ھӹ
ݵ˵ӹԭʲôڶʵӦü˵˵ӹ
Ǵҧ㣬ڽһЩԭȵ
˼ݱ෴پˡͺݱ仯ӦôĬϽ
ܵĺ塣Ѩ磬Ѿݱɺԭ෴ݱˣ
˼ҿ϶ˡӹ͡һ÷ڻãӢ
ﳣã嵫Ҳкܶáӹĺ壬ʲôԭ
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ءʱг˹̹ͣ뿪ʱ
ı仯Ʊڵɳϵƶǳ仯ԭ
΢С˶ȴʹʱڵеλ÷仯ݹ
ۣļСᵼʱӱڻؿʱ䲢ǵ
趨ʱ̡

    ֵ˹̹ȵغϲˡȻûй
۵ľ㣬ǰ˹̹רܲͼ֤ʵƣ
˹̹ҲʩԮ֣²ʱƶʱ
仯Ȼ֣ǰ£Թӵʱ׼ȷ޷Խ
ȷԭơ

    ֮ì֮ܣð˹̹ԼĹ۴˰˹̹
ѧĻǵս֮ʲΪʤΪ籾ڹӮ
ʷԵʤҲΪѧ羭òϢ̸



    ʷʤд˹̹ͲάϵıҲһ
ʵ

    19271930λϵ۶ڻ£ǲϵĲ
Ա۵ûгڻļҪС˹̹ڽѧ
ᵽļû¹Լְ汾1949꣬ڰ˹̹70
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Բİ汾Ϊ֮Ժɭ˵ĵλ䡣ȻҲƫ
ڲ

    ǣ˹̹άڼƵսȷԭڲ
ݵĻػһͿصĴ籾ڹ͵ͳλһΪѧʷ
ɡ

    ά󣬰׷˹صְݷð˹̹ؼҺ󣬰
׷˹193179ոдţ꾡㱨ǵĽ̸ݡ
˹̹ʵͽ˲ȷԭλáʱЩ
ͬʱȷٴɡ

    ˹̹ҲûȥһԳصġ䡣ȥս
ʱͬʱľȷȡǲԼķһν˹̹;
˹̹ıǰһά졢˫һ
ѧеľԡϵͳ֮ĿɷԣԼҪ
ϵ

    ͬʱʱı仯˹̹
ȷȵȷܵȷԭơݲĸ籾ڹͣѡ
Ľǲȥĸı䣬ܹ׼ȷ֪뿪
ӵʱ䡣֮ȥƿصӣҲԷǳȷ֪


    ǣһҪڴһɲǽУȫԵȸꡢ
һ֮󡣰ݵǿŹѾ൱Զһ
ֵľ룺롰ꡱ򽫽5ڹһǸǰ
ط÷һ澵ӣͺ˼ˡ

    ڴڿİѡϸؿһ¿ƿصʱӣǻ
ǳ׼ȷ֪뿪ӵʱ̡Ҳ׼ȷԤǿŹ
ӱӷ䣬һ֮صӵʱ䡣ֻǲ֪ùӵ
Ƶʡ

    ûȥǸʱӣȴֻǾȷزı仯
Ǿ׼ȷ֪ܳȥӵƵʣȴʲôʱȫûи

    ڿʱѡֱӡ˲ʱӰ쵽ǿ5ڹ֮
⡢ӰٵĹ״̬ͻȻȷƵʣͻȻ
ȷڵص㣬ֻΪ˹̹򲣶ؾǺúõؿһʱӻ
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    ΪѧȻһĲΪ֮ľ
ңԶѹǿŹӼʹܵһͷҲȻź
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ĲҲͬʱ̮

    ˹̹ѷɷԡ1927ĵά֮ǰ
òԼӡģۣΪ޷
гֵһɷԡĿУʳֵǻĵĳ
ãΥɡ

    ʹ20󣬵Էǳ꾡ıʵ밮˹̹ʱ
Ȼȫıī˹̹Բȷԭսʧܡûᵽ
˹ǷšҲȻ޷Ⱞ˹̹⣬Ҳ
ֵһӣҲѹûǷţ׷˹صʱżĸķ
أڲôæµʱת

    ʩִ֮߱İ˹̹ľɺĲϴ
Ʊ֮֮ⳡʷԶԻҲֻһͬѼ
ᡣù۵ַȻʣҲ˰˹̹׿ϣʵ
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    ά󣬰˹̹ԶʡѧԺУ
ʵ֤ЧӦԤʢ˹̹ι˸
ѷɽ̨ݷѧҹEdwin Hubbleע
ĿԼ泣ģͣȫ̽÷ء
ġͱĹ£ʮһ˹̹

    ڹۺѧ֮⣬˹̹Ҳûѧ
ڼѧԺѧжRichard TolmanĲʿ󲨶
˹Boris Podolsky͹ļֽһ֣̽
ۡϺһƪġһΣǸϿڣ
ͬʱ෴ķųŹӡ

    ѳ˯еĲĸ籾ͳ˹̹
ѧʵȻڻûзŬ


ʮ롤ŵ֤


    1930ĿʼɭˡԼڽ30
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˹̹רֵ漣ЧӦ˶ʱ26ꡣ
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ѧԶдˡ

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λջ񼾽ڡ

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ĽڡʱһػƵأÿҹܻɫȮ˳˴С
游ĸ̻ᣬȢһλŮΪޡŲԵĻһ
ͽ塣߷߲ƽǰŹܵľȻֻһλ̫һĻѧҡ

    ѩϼ˪ҲǸ߼֪ʶӵĸΪ޷̸׵ҩɱ
ȴܿСٻ飬ߺ޲ѡڸ׽£ʶ
ʿѾľʦٸCarl Jung漴ʼ26
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ξŽĽɵѧ20ͳѧʡ֮
ܴڵϵĹ֣ͬ̽պһΪȻڹ͡
ǳͨźҲԡԭԭ͡Atom and Archetype
Ἧ档Уϸµؼ¼Լ1000Σٸ
400ṩרҵ

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еغ㡣δ֪磬ʵ̽ⲻ
ôһ޷ʵ֤ļǳΣ֮ķ£
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ġͱĹ£إģز¶ĵСС

    ɭ͵ഺ黷󣬶˵Ľġ

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۵ԭȴʼչᴩеġ籾񡱡
֮ԭеķѵȻ޴棬Ȿ̵ȫǲͳ˼롣

    ֮1930껹ֻ27ʱͻѡӢѧԺʿ
ΪǸѧԺʷĳԱ֮һǡѧԭ

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겵عѧѧṹûлԭƵȷԭ֮
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޷г֡ʹǲĴҲֻڻع˾ʷʱ
꼻һ֡

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ŵֺϷڹʿѧλڼ䣬Ϊ浼ʦĩ
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Ҳ1926ͷһƪȫʱĲ-ĩۡ1933
ϷֱѧġԼ͡Լ
𼯾ɡ֮ɡ

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˵ѧȻǰʱ黹Ҫһʮ¶
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㵽꣬ĳϰ۵ġʥ

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ѧĽ̿Ҳ1932ճֻ29꣬һѧҡ



    ʹѧĻƽһȣ롤ŵJohn von NeumannҲ
һ۲۵ͯй֮޲1903꣬׶
˹һ̫ͥǵԺյмңɰٵ۹Ļʵ۲
ϵԹϡ롱š

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֡19ѧҵʱѾʽģ״۵ġordinal 
number

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ȡмֵıܡ롤ŵ22ѧҵʱһ
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ôʱٶչԼĵ̣ǰص

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һƵѦ̡ɭˡԼ˵ȫ

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ȴ΢硰ʱ֣Ϊ΢Ĺ۲ֻͨ
ĺӫǸҵȡСֲ
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ҲûвҲͲ̮Ĺ̡

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սòһٶؽȷԭӦĻ˶
ΥԼ趨ЩӹɵǰᡣԶԣʼ
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߼ǲ걸ġΪԵߣ롤ŵѧʵġ
΢ۻǺ磬ǶӦͬɡ

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Ϊ͹ۣѧֻ漰Ķ漰۲ߡ
ڲδʱѧѦ̷̵ȷ
ƽȵʱݱ䣬ƽ˾ֻǵʱΪԹ۲
ߵĸţϵͳᷢ˲ʱ߱ȷԵͻȻ仯Ҳ̮


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Сܷ롤ŵ˸籾ͳ˼룬ɭ˻
Ϊһϲ⡣롤ŵˮ©
ѧϵϸ֤ѧڲʱֵ۵ڱȻ
ܳĳδֵر

    ǣǰ˹̹Ĺǵ²ĵ׵
̡

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κ飻롤ŵ֤κ鶼ʢ1932꣬û
һԾŶȴҲ㹻ø籾ǻ衣л
ʱֻҪһ䡰롤ŵѾ֤Ϳɵ˽й
κִ



    1929괺죬ͿĬԼͬдѯʲܷڴѧڷżʱ
ظ籾ġĸУʡźһɴо
20˷룬ڸǸͬʱУֵؾۡ

    鵱ȻӦΪоһȻÿ
ڣǰǷ׷״ŷ޸ظϻظ籾ʥֺ
άǸűŮʢ෴ûʸȼ˲Լϲ
ֵİ׷˹ضֻһȺʮꡣҪѾν
ڵ˴һλѧ档

    ǸûкùݣֻǾͽѰҷ䡣ںѧֱ˴˵ش
̡ۻ᲻ѧ棬ûճ̡뼸ͬ׳
˼Ļ⣬ڳпա

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;˳·ݷòڲ£٤Īﶺһ࣬
Ϊ籾еԱµ1931ľۻðӣ
֯˱ŽĿһݣ顢ĬķʽԼĽ
Զʦĸм

    1932ǲо10꣬ϲȻ٤Ī
ûջգ޷ٹʢĿı䵽һոо
26С¶ˣMax DelbruckΪѧʼ֮һ
Ӯ1969ŵҽѧļͷҲǵ¹ʫ˸100ꡣ
Ϊı˸µϷ硶ʿ£FaustӱΪ
Ϊۻ

    ¾дϵۣLordȻǲĶ桢ħMephisto
Ǿ벣ײΪĿһ̱ڶ֮仼
ûʧǸʿʵҲĳѶϵİ׷˹ء
ЩɫѧݣÿϴŻнɫͷߣż
̥ԭַѧԸʫ䡣

    ԭеħһ£һӹĹ谮Լ飬
ߵ˽п಻ġ֮衷ڵ¶˵İ汾
ϵĹǰ˹̹и֣Сͳһۡ

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ĪҲ¶棬Թǽʵ̫ߡ

    ȫ󣬵˵Ľɫԭеʫ侯ʾǷȣ
ÿѧҶ࣡30꣬ȥѾû𣡡Cer-
tainly! Old age is a cold fever / That every physicist suffer with! 
/ When one is past thirty, / He is as good as dead!

    ɭĽɫӻûǶȥΪħ
ʱҲл˵˵´Ļ



    ѧչ20¬ɪĿĵʵһֱֻ
ԹߣڲȥĽҲ1932꣬ڽ
شͻơ2£ĲάˣJames Chadwickӣԭ
вͬӵӡӵķָص߸ѧҶԭӺ˵Ŀ
˺ʱ꣬Ҳ30٤ĪӢˡԭӺ
ɺͷԡһ̿顣̲òרƸһλ
ѧҾƴд﷨Ϊ塰żһȷĻ

    漴Ϊ籾Ϸ۵»⡣ǵġʿ¡
УάΪʿµ߸ɣWagner

    籾ġʿ¡Ļں󣬿ĵʵҵĿķ
John Cockcroftֶ٣Ernest Waltonٴݱ٤Ī
ļӼٺԭӺˣɹ䡰顱
ʵԭӺ˵˹ӱ䡣

    8£ѧԺоɭCarl Anderson
ͬѧйѧҢChung-Yao Chaoʵ£ַ
һµӡͬȴɡӼͬ
෴ǵӵġӡӣpositron

    ǵѾ˺üǸۼĿ
˷Գʹһȱݣеӻ̬
ⲻûʵ֤ݣʹ߼Ҳ޷Բ˵Ϊ˰
еĸܼѾеռݣԲֻеӵ
гֿλʱŻֳڣǾһԵӡ

    ˵ġƱ硱ʵڹ췽ҹ̷ûбͬǽܡڸ籾
ۻУĲҲʧȥģڵʡǣˣ
Щġʿ¡У˵Ľɫ򱻱Ž
Լۻֻ䱻֮һ档

    ɭķʯ쾪ٴδһأҲ
˵꣬ڽƸøʢ¬˹ѧϯλȻ
30ֻ꣬ţ1669ϯλʱ󼸸¡



    Ǹ£ԭӺҲΨһǿѵʵ塣ĵʵ
кԭӺ˳ɹºɴ1932731յĴѡгΪ¹
һ󵳡1933130գϣջε¹


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