                 ˿µϣ2022815գ

22.08.11-12ûи
22.08.15, ˿20228º
ʫѩҹѧҡ
ţ죺2020ǡϣʵҾĵһ
˿¶ΣķСġԶ󱦸Ѱĸǡ˼֮
ǬŸɽ
̡͡ʣӾĹ£ئšʮ



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

ڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣷣
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


ʫ
졡
ѩҹѧҡ
 
ţ졡ҹѧ

죺2020 졡 ѩ
ǡ
ϣʵ졡ǷԽͷ
Ҿĵһ졡ǹ׺ʱ
졡žֱԱը
˿¶졡ѳΪҹһ
졡˵ҹ
ΣķС졡˵Ҷ
ġԶ󱦸Ѱĸǡ졡Ѳܺ
˼֮졡׷Զ
졡ԶɳĮ
Ǭ졡ǳ
졡׵ô
Ÿɽ𡡡졡 
졡 
͡졡 

̡ʣӾĹ¡
ئšʮ

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס


ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

2020

졤

٤˿ҳһƪµı⡶ǵĻӣ
һλ顷ҵע⣬㿪µƽȻ
ҵۿȴʪˡǸŦԼĹ¡һ
ײһ˳һӡ2012Ǹϣڲ³
֮ҵĵһϣ죨Լõѡ¿ƪ
ƾԼܹĽ͵ٵľӰʵΣ
õ̿ѷ˽ʮӽӵȻ2020
Ϊ¹ȥˡ

д20203£ȥάҽԺθҽ
Ժ۲һҹȻס֢໤ҡʱֵгڣҽԺ
ͣ̽ӣ˵һ繤ҽԺ绰ѿ
Ƶ졣

ţദ˶ǵ֮ĹϵҲ
ǵԼֹϵ򶯡

ҾһңӪ֯־Ը˵
2019ɷӣ˴һЩͺӰҵ
ĸо

ʲôأΪ˵𣿲ǡΪҿ
˻Ǻǵϲŭ֣ΪǾײ㣬ǻ
ˣܵõǵϲܵǵҵ
塣

ǰ컹΢Ⱥ￴һƪ£µҲƽͣҵʱ
Ҳܶݡͬᵽ2020£ֻǷһȡٰ
ҳ벻⣬һʱҲһ䡰4ԡá4
ȥһȺݣȻҵˣµĿǡ2022|人š
ǴӷӽдģΪСڣȥġ4Ƿ
2020ĹǸʦƽʱĹǸ廯ױʽ
2020.һ¸տʼǼ췽͸оԾʼӰ࣬ǰֻù
㣬ȴҪ賿ͨĹҲ˱仯һ
ֻ飬ҪȥϻǹݡЩȥ
ٶȱ𻯣ǲᱻױиʽ

µһʼ۵2022ڣȥһ人߽
ݡĹ԰ܴҲܰССģдȥ˵ɢϢ
µС꣬꣬һˣѳְĽ裬ӡеĹ
ǰлʳеĹǰտյ

ҵļ磬֮һ¡صʽǸʱһ
һְοһȥҽܣȻȥˮͶ˸ʯ
˵㲨ˣܿ죬ˮͻָƽ

е𣿶ƽģϵģԣܶʱ
ͻĬѣҺϡ

𣿡㲻֪Ϊ㿴ǡֻ
Բ׽ǵЩϢµС꣬꣬һˣѳְĽ
裬ӡЩû˵ıǻˣǿ
ԭĽְҵײˣǵȥô
ƮƮë˵ϣΪǿֶǣң㻹
ǰܻѪҪʵ֡йΡ

ʵˡΡײ㡣˳
꣬õ̿žۣ2020
ȥǰҽԺס֢໤ңõ˾Ȼ幤Ƶ
ϵ졣ȥڱϦݵһĹأľϿ
ֺϢ˼ŦԼʱ߼¼

ڡйΡЩµС꣬꣬ˣѳְĽ
裬ӡǣ޷֪ǵֻǰ
ͻȻľ޴룬֪Լ¹ںĿ־壬Ǻ
ҽźľڲеļ尾ǵʬ屻ٶ
𻯡νġйٶȡɣ㱯롣Щȥǣ
Ѿ޷֪ǵҲˡйٶȡѾ޷֪ν
йΡֻǵȨߵĴΣҲֻģ޹أȴ
йء

ǣЩϵġµС꣬꣬ˣѳְĽ
裬ӡǣǻ֪

֪ǻڡйΡŹˣǲֻ֪
ʶԼǸˣǲŻ֪ʱǻ֪ԼǸ˾
Ӧñ˶ԴԼԼ˲˶Դʱͻ
ĬѣҺϡʱЩʼٸѾˣĳĬֻǿ
ǵԣҪźҪ㲻֪ܲЩ˵
ʶѻָԣ֪šʹ΢죬ӣ
һˣġ


ʵҾĵһ

ϡ

ǰҿĵӰФ˵ľ꡷ˢһ飬дһ
ƪۺУһЩҵĽ棺ûпⲿӰǧƪ
¡ûʲôӰ;͸ܻٵһõӰˡ

գ֮䣬һͻˡ

һſиܲðϣڴҵ۷壬ͻȻһ
¼Ӵ˵Ԩ

ӳ죬Ȼһ˯ҹ˫˫ǹɱŰϱָı
ɱдգ֮䣬һͻˡЩ³һ
һͨơʹһ겻򳹵ױ

һܴĲҽԼʱǺġÿ·˽
Ф˼ʱϷǶһϷĸġ񡱻ȱ
¶ĵǰϣΪӡȻϳէ͸
һ񡪡̡һԵضȹ˵һҹ

ȱһӡʹ飬ӭ˸ҵ
ӳϳȻڿտ˾һϣˡ
һ˲ܡıɱĺڰǵ˹
ϣµĻ￪ʼ̡

Ҳ룺ŶܰҲܿᣬһӢҲһӢۺţ
̨עҪʤ٣ʵҾҲԡ

Ե˳ӽȥѵӰеһϷ
ԼϷеһɫ롪Ϸ޹ؽҪġȻ
ʵУ粢ˣеĿѺͼǿжˣ
Ľͺʤһܹȵ˵ףⲻһ̽
ʵпϷ

ֻ룺ţܲпᣬҲǵӰʵ
ⲻ־ļѣʵ˭ܳܵסЩ

룬͹ⲿӰҪݸľ

ӰһʼϾ͵ȵסܻãһ䵽
ĹȵףȻܼǿ˿ʼԺԽԽá
Ŀѿֹˡ

ֻǲпشһˣûûرǿͼǿк壿

ӰƬּڣϣõǲȷл
ʤʱ򣬲Ĵϣ෴ڲȷûлر
ʤʱ򣬲ŸҪĻϣֻлϣֹۣп
ӭرʤ

ѧǣڵĿѺͷĴۣ᳹׻һ˵ϣ
ۣСϰȻôҲûãǺѡ
Ф˼ʮʮ꣬ÿһμ붼أĴ
˿ʲôϣԵ˵ϣʱ¾˵ϣǸ
ΣյĶ

ϣֲŲǡ

£ʲô

ϣϣЩطЩʵʯǽزסġЩ
ģЩ᲻ߵģȫȫġ

£˵ʲô

ϣϣ

£ϣɣѣϣǸΣյĶϣ
ϣûʲôãûɡ

Ȼϣڣĥѡʧȥϣʱ
ҪǡǡϣûϣǾͻᡰͻͻϣ
ǻ룬ڴܵ鷢ϣڴп
鷢ܼѺֻҪֿԻûϣ塣

ҪģǼȳʵҪϣģδĿԡ

ʵڵ

ֲͷԻһˣ
ɱõĽҲһӵġӦ
˻ѼԼĹµ󶼲뿪ˡ

ǰϲһޱߵĺڰ;һյ΢⣬Ϣ
Լߵˡ˵һʵڵ¡

һͱӣûнʵͰһǱԩ
ġʵҲпᣬɣͻп᣺ӱˣȻұ


ϸɱӶңͥ顢ͥҵ
һһ˰ᣬգ֮䣬һͻˡ˭ɱ
ûУƽؽеʵ

ʵǲ׷ڹȥԹˣһһ
㣬ͷʼʵˣҸȥ

ʵܲпᣬҪʵҾĵһ

һССʯʯͷҵమáȻ˭
Ҳû뵽Ϊڵң20ľƻ㣬
˵֮ܿͿʼһµĻｨ

ģһһ˲һйţڹ
԰ɢһǵػţ·£ӻԶķ
ӡ

ϾʱĥʯӣǱɾɾӣ壻
ͨŵΪӳ˰˰ȡݶϸɻġͬ¡
ڴÿƿˬơƣÿһŵƵʣ
ŸФ˼ѼͼˡӢļͼݡ
ΪṩԿƾ

ȰڻҰɬУѰҡֺ塣

ĥϣδ

ϳɹؽʵǿػҵȤŬΪ
ߵһЩ顣ҪøãԼø
ãߵ˻øáһ䲻ҵĴֻһǿǻ
Щ

Ȼϲֹڴˣеڶĥϣδ

ãͿʼܵļƻƻֻģû
֪ƻûκ˷ͻɡ

ֻ֪ܹýӢڲͬ壬
ﶼҪⷢȣһƬڰҲ֪ǣȰ
ͬʱҲĵ׼һδһԶ

ڽʵͬʱĥϣڻڵµͬʱδ

°æСʱ»ɹܿǡΪ
ҪǰСڶû600УԸܡ

Ȼϻ˲20Ͱͨˡôأʵϣ
߹ڶʱ䣬ϲѧԼ֪ʶ
нġ

20꣬Ҳһʱ䣬Ҫ޵ģÿ
ڶһ㡪ֻһ㣬Ųᱻ֡20ꡣ»κ
һͨˣܶȴ20ഺţȥܸ

ÿ˶Ҫر˵Ȳ̫áģǳɹĺʡ

ݺ

ڼܵͷԵѹҲ⡣սã
ͱΪ˶ǡġͬáˣųڵ
ԵıŰ衣

գͬûеóѣӮˡôӮأ

򵥵˵ǿҪӸʣƴ

ҪΪǵūһδŹ򰲵ϣҲƴ
ȫǰǴ˺ۣûܵŰ衣
Ľ

ԱַȻзգ˺ۣڷ
һοա֮ײ˹һвϣ
˰ѰסðſΪһľʹչ

˹ڣҪ⿪ҵʲô

ϣֻҪҾּҡ

˹ûףҾӴĶ䡣

ϣðɣӦ֪ԲϮ˲䣬ܺ˷Ӧң
˵ܺ߻ҧò˵ÿ졭

ղ˹谲ϵͼһ١ҽҴһ
£˹һܽա

Ҫֵ̽ĲͿһѧҰ
ݺɡ

Уڡѡѧаͻ
ݲͬΪͣ˫ͻҪֻһ˫ܳ
ͻҪһܳͻҪô븶ۣ
˫ܳͻѡףԶᣩ

֮ѣΪ޷Ǳѡκһѡ񣬶
кôҲдۣǶԵģҲǲԵġҪʵ޷
ʱǾͲ˽Ǻԥ

¿Ѳݣ֪ȳһѣ󾹻⿴ܿЦ
Ҳòȥֻʱ䲻һ£Ҳ
ӡ

ݣǲǣɣܹᶨжջ
־ѹǣβݺɣ

ؼڡĿꡱҪȷԼĿʲôҲǣ֮У
ǸҪʲôܷܽʲôǲܻȫҲӦӱ
ҪѡΪѡҲһѡֻǱѡ

ڽǺԥӣѡ;顰Ȼչ
ѡ񣬺Ǹо˵ΣеΡ

еһߣǵĿꣻһߣҪܵĴۡĿȷ
ãѡȻ̹Ȼܴۣʵִݺɡ

ݣǽܴۣɣfollow your heart
顣

ǽǣΪҪôֲԸܴۡ

Ըܴ۵Ľǽǡֻš᣻ͬʱӰǵ
ɣûȥԼҪĶ󣬻Ǳĳ
ֲҪĽ

˴ݺɡڶԿõĹУѡԼĿ꣨
Ű裩Ȼ̹Ȼܴۣ򣩡پһӡ

סÿһŵľزӦФ˼
200ԪһЩ鼮һֳƬ

ϰѳƬ벥ǡѼ޵Ļ񡷡
ʰϡʱһѡҪô֣֮ĳͷ
Ҫôص֣ȡƽ¡

ѡǰߡŷȻѹ㲥򿪣ķ˶
֮ܵ

˿ֻᣬ޷Դǵĸһ޷ֱã
顣ֱƶˣƮ߸ԶĵطԽʧͽĻɫ
룬Сɽǵη߽ĸǽݵһ
˲䣬Ф˼ͽ·ػɡ

ȻŭžҴҸܻţ桢Ͽ
šص֮֮֡Уֿø

Ŷ롣ܵĳͷǣܡ

Ϊṩֵ

Ф˼аԵĲ˹ô꣬ǵĺҲ
ͷˡ

˹һܽյˣػصԼķ䣬ӳ
ʣôˣ

ӳһԲʼ˲зϣӴ޷վ
ҪܽʳӴˣҲûϡ

ʲôȻӳ˲˹Ϊ˱ϡΪʲôҪ
ϣΪϿΪ˰ʡǮ˹Ǵҽһ
£ൢ°

ϿԼ¸ҺͿ˱裬ǴӸϰվ
ļֵֻһûʲôãļֵ
ԼڲרҵܣΪӳ൱ֱϼṩ˼
ֵձ

ְκһȺ壬ͷչ֮Ϊṩֵ

һֱ뷽跨ṩֵѺơƣΪǽͼݣ
ǿȡƾΪӳ˰ȫľ˰
ΪˣϴǮ

ϵĸ˻رǺϲھӣ
ǰʯͷͼݣǰ鼮˰ǰ
֡

ӳ͵Ҳ԰һ棬ʯͷηǽ
ŮɹڶδֵĹؼͼݡ

ֹûӰ

ӰƬĲģɹԽһĻ
ַʹһ㡰СùΪϵһѡ

ȵ׵İϣڼĥѣ˷ѣŬ
Գ˰ִţҽõȴκ
ϣǹɱ˼Ψһ֤׵СףԻٵͼ
вҪϼڼǮֱܸͬܣ
ʱɱȫܹ⣬ӰƬҲȾΧùڵ壬Ȼ
󻭷һת˹һϲ

ˮĺӵӾڱ˰̫ƽǰ
Щǲܹģǵ̫ĿˣǷߵʱ
ǹһ񡣡

ڿѺͿһֱ׳УоںţŬ
ΪƴжԼ

ֱ׳Ҹжʵһ

ϵȻʸ߹ڿԡô
ĲҺĥѣʹӳ˼ǰѹȻһһ


һĵɫίǱԹǺޣǴˣǶ
ǸССͬ飬ǿܺߵλãеƬ
һɫ䣬ϲɥʧѺʹ޴ڣֻҪԸ⣬
Զҵɡ

ǰûСͷβйֹֹۣû
б׳κһҵȤ壬ϣػš

һҸ


˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ķС

Ρ

ͼɽʱһλ̫̫һͷȾɺɫʱ̷ֶ
˶һ㲻40ӡȫһرס
ꡣ

һɽ˵˵д¡ддڱһСķ
ɡ

ҽĹ¡

1.˸Сķؼ

ʮǰ£˼رܶºܶ˶ǵˡ

һֱǵķӣ˵ĻЦҾȻε


Ĺ£ҽڽˡ

2008꣬Ϲ˾ɻرһʱ䡣ʱһ˫
ŮŮ꣬һ3´Ķӡ

һصϹͿʼæµĹɻر
ǹѹҲ֮ܶࡣ飬ָսŶӣ
ڵĹʽҲܲһҵĸоܲڼҡ

˻ǲ١Ұְ趼æһ̣ǻ
Ҫһܵܵİ̡ʱᣬߣڼֱĸ裬
̫ࡣʵúȫӦԼӳ÷ɿ죬
ˣת۾ʹŴŴС˸󣬴ɤţһ
ŵһɺζΪûԼܵ£ҺźܾáǺ󻰡

ʱһᣬ٣ڵҲûö٣Ӧúһ㡣
üбķ˾Ǻӵ¡ʵҹĶϹ
رĹҪҲΪԭԼôǳ٣ͦ
Ȼʱıķѻܱˡ

ڱұķһǱıķܣһȥķн顣ʱ
ʶ˲࣬ȥķн顣

ѣƼһǼǵҳˣ
˵žӪרҵ񣬰˰Ϊֹм긾ŮĴ
ͷաٶͷᵽ棬һβ֤ա
ЩƬϵ˶ͦɾҿǵϵ绰ʹһ绰ȥԼ
õڶȥ԰̡ڰѱķ̡

нİ칫ڳһС֡ĸ¥Ա
С֣С̵СеҵгСĦг
խĽ̵ֵֽоеģĦгһ˭Ҳ죬
̴ټ

СֻһĴ¥ߴĿ
ûϹۡڵĶеӾݵĶָ¥ʱ˷
¡⿴ڶо磬ñʱֺ͹ĵ


Ǽİ칫ҺСɾ

һȥһλ20ŮվҴк̫̫ոͨ
绰չµı

һش𣺡ǡ⿴ŵһһĹе
ģںڵͷںҲһβһɫ
ı޷ǲʲݵĺڿӣһ˫ɾİЬԽŵ
룬ǸҪƼҵİˣ

н˵ĳĳϵġ25ꡣ

Ѿǲȫˡؼǵģ

ССۣһȥ˵ֱȥ죬һ
ࡱõġеȸߣϲЦЦ۾
¶Сһӡࡱûˡ

ҼǵǺﳣ룬ôЦĹӦýСС


⡣Ǽмˣụ̂ûд
֮ġ˵һӡĻСҲۡԼӤ
붼ۡҲ˵ۡ˵Ҿ

һӣǸһֱһֻ֡˵
ʱҲǸͬƣһ

̸üǮн2500һ¹2500Ԫң԰ס
˯СҪι̣˯áұǴҪĸι꣬
˵ܾܵ͵ף۵ȥֻ̡ܶʱ̷ܵܺۡ
ϹʱġСĩݲϢӦϢһ죬
Ҳûһ졣ҼҵĸУĩҲҼҴܵܡ

Ҷ˵͸һؼҰɡ

Ҳû˵

ʱнܿ˵㣬һûи㡣С
ڿ죬һѺ֡ʮʱܹˡ˵
нּϸе̶ȫӰɻģ

Сͺˣ૵˵ǲӰɻüұķȻ
ۣҵС

ҿϵĻ˵ҿ֡

İѻÿҿֻĸָһָ
ǴĴָʳָչһһ𣬺һرֵĴָΪ̫
֣ź֡

ֻǻΡ

ҵһ֪˵ʲô

нһֱҿʱϽ˵㿴㿴ûµģʲô
Ըɣǲÿ
	
СС˵ʲôԸɡ

ô졣ҿһҵ죬Ѿ4ˣٲߣҪ³ˡ
˾һؼҺ󣬻ҪȥϹ°ࡣ

н˵ܹˣĸɻܺõġ

нͣһ£˵ʻԱһ㡣
	
ŷĽĿ

ŷѿĿˣҵż˵ҪӲм
ˡ룬ӦòܺҹɡղŸˣ
ӣꡣһкһŮղ˵ĺʱ
ɫ룺һˣҪҪмˡ
᱾ͲӦӲмˡ뵽һһֳߵĸо
һֵý£ҰְΪҶҴСѧϰã
˽ѧȥѧһмˣҰְһҡΧҲ
ơȻѿӦòӰܵܡ
	
˵ûϵҲýʣһؼҰɡҪץ
Ҫ³ˡ

нͬʱСˡ

нһץСڵϵĻҳ͵һӣС
ȥȥɡһ¶ڳġСֽӹӣ
һĻӣæҵظϽߡ

۹۲죬ᶫû⡣

ǸҰصĶµһ죬һμСΪ
СûĴܡ

Сиྪ˵Ĺ¡

2.ñķ

ǵ˾ʦ˵Сôô˵ʦ
Ǳˡ˾ҪϣΪϰ϶ڳ߽ӵ绰˾
Ҫװûٶҷ۱˵ʦ˵Σ
Сࡣ

ҼҵĳϹ˾7񳵡й񳵣
񳵺ˡ

н鴦ҼҵĳСǳȸԾ˵ܿ죬ܶࡣ
ڳ45ӣһ̲ͣ˵ʼһ䣬ۣҾ
ų񣬶һֱС̵˵е㵣ģ
ô࣬ва

Сһñķ

ϲҼҵܵܡһҺ⡣ҼҵܱܵҲúãǸɾƯ
Сһĺ˵С

һԣϲҶӵҲϲ

͵ܵһ˯ķʰúࡣһӲɾˣ
ǽڷĽ䣬Ϸŵܵܺȵ̷ۣƿ򲼣
ëһŴ󴲣һӤ

һϣȥܵܵķ䣬ܸܵϴ裬ԲԲСۣÿ
ˣġѾСϣһɫıӡС
кɫĶɫ·Сϴ꣬ӳ˼ƿˮ
һų档ųġ̨ŵܵܵ
С˳һ¹̨Сһˡܵܵ
ûգСȥ̨սݣáһ£һʱʱһµܵܡ
Nһ£Ц˵ԣɽ󡣡

ֽܵܵAlexСʼ˵ӢĴʣҽľ
ɽһɽۣǸɽСǳϲ
֡ÿ춼ҪСɽ󡱺üʮΡܵܳȥʱ򣬸ǽ
ôСæЩµʱ򣬼´ġɽ󡰵СԴ͵
ӰתȦȥұ³СԴתұߣȥߵǰ
СԴתߡÿɰ

е㼵ʣҹ𴲼θι̻򲼣ʵܲˣ
Ҳϵÿ졣

Ҳϵÿ졣

С̶Եܵܵʳġ

ܵιҪˮˮտȻÿĸСʱܵܳ
̷ۣõҪȵȡСһȫ׵ʱ򣬵ܻܵԹ
ӤϣŵţʱߺСͻͷЦе
˵ɽ󣬲ȵװȵ̵ƿݸܵܣܵ
СһżæŵذһԼʼ˹˵
ȡǸӣ˼졣СЦ˵㣬ɽ󡣡
Ȼǵ̡

һϹʮ̷ۣӵʱһ˸ӣ
һЩ̷Ǿ̷۲ҪˡС˵ҪҪȡҸ
һ׳һԼһȥ̷۾
úȡЦ˵ϲͺáһ޹ȵġǴ֮Ҳû
ȹ̷ۡ룬϶̫úȡ

СǱŵܵܡܵСϵһҼС֣־
СƬĵֵܵĽ洦СӣȵܵС
ҡһΣҿĵòС

СҼ֮ǰܵǸ޵ıСɤŴһ޾ͱŴʹ
ޣۣۣۡһСͷſüΣ
ּסǸڶСͷСҼ֮󣬵ܾܵͿ޵úˡÿ
һ̧ͷܵСġֵӡϣС
ؿö˼ҵССϣֲûޣСʵ
кĵġ

Ѷ˵Сܱ̫ܵˡܵһ̶ԼԼ˯
Ҫ˱šӣ̫ˡСһЦۡɽ

ϲ⡣ʱס26㣬ų԰԰б
ĴƺС԰ſڳкöˡþá

Ҹо´ĵܵܺСõѡѾҪάšС
άܵܡһñ˵ܵܲá

һһ磬˵ܵ۾еССֱһ䣺ھС
Ȼ춼ѡû취Ҳˣһֱֹ
û˵С۾ÿС۾ÿġöຫǶС۾

һΣСܵȥ¥ɹ̫һĹĵػˡô
ˡ˵¥ھӼҵСҲģСҼҵĴһ
ܣ˴ȡEricˣΪͳߡ

켸´ɽۺͳ߰¥»԰·꣬
ķɳӰ밵ؽߣأ˼Ҽҵɽ
ܡСòᡣ˵ûáСó
¡дȣһܵȽߣʵͬ⡣
ҿοû¡ֻ̫Ҫʡڶ֢ͯҲܶࡣСûǻӴ
ɽۺͳ߰˾ˡ

Сÿ춼ϴܵܵ·øɸɾġ

һȥöСڸܵϴ·ҿһˮ
ˮͷһˮһˮرŵؽͣˮ̫ˣ
Ϳһˮůһ㣬ҾͲˮֻˮˡһ㶡ȫû
ע⵽ˮˮ⡣ġ˵û¡ˮ

СЦ۾еˡ˵̫̫˺áһң1¶
ˮϴ·ˮҵֶˡ

СһҲڱں֣ݡ

3.СĹȥ1

СǸñķҿʼ⡣

һĻడҾûмôˡֻҪˣ
ܲͣ˵Ҳ˵Ļش𣬺Ҳںû
ĸ⣬߶߶ûб߼ʣûûˡﳯ⵹
ӡ˶е

һΣѵĴѧͬѧʦҼҡ̫̫δ˷ܸܺ
ˡ

˸ոڿ¡Сŵܵ¥пˣС
ɽվɳǰ졣ûɳ£
һֱվ˵̫̫ɳϣҪӶˣҪ
ǣС˵̫̫ͣȫڣ岻졣òС
Ҫܻܵ򲼣ͣһ¡ʦץʱǡ˵
ķǲ⣿

仰Ѵضӡڴ˰죬

Сܿ͸ô˵ġ

СļںϿ⸽һС塣С뿪ң򹤡
رã̫̫һáҵﶼˡС˵

˵仰ãˡ

ڿɻǼ˿һСģ߳Сʱȥæһ
ʹϵһģߣſɰһ£֪ģ
ȸ£С̾ͱˡ

ʱС15ꡣ

𣿡С

Сͷۣ¡Ƥðˡ

һ¡ۣʹԺһҲܿ°ɡ

С˵̰͵ҽԺҽҩѡסԺ1£˼һ
û˵ظзáԺԺ󣬻ҸɻǺˣ
̫̫һ

ﻰ15ĺ̵ֱмһ⳥ûСøƨ
һޣ

ʲôû˵

С˵һֱҽܶ·
᲻ˣҾ׽һ

Сһ׽㡣Ҵ򹤵ǮҽҪ˵Ǯ
ﰲȫҵĸо̰15һֻ׬Ĵ
ǮСβһ䣺ҽرá

С˵ķʽ

˵ְǸƹȻйǲǮؼңǡ
βһ䣺Ұְرá

רʽسɼҡؼңû
ʲôϵǡҴرá

Сûȷ˵ϸڣҵóۣҺ

һ˵Сʱû·Ь·ûϵһ·žС
ûЬ鷳С˵ûЬ·ϣźۣ
ӡ

ҿƽ˵ԼСʱûЬС˵
¡ҴûûЬˡ

Ҳ֪λش𡣵ŵĮʮĽһǵá

һΣС˵˵ܳ治ס

ʣΪʲô˵

Сش𣺡˵СʱڴСèСһ

ʣΪʲô˵

СЦһ¡ҸоĲ֪λش

˵Ϊû˹㣬𣿡

С۾

ҺԺﶼһСӰӣһ·
ţڴ䣬û˹ܡ

ұСꡣҵĸĸǴѧڡСķվǿû
һûЬƹְ֣è˹һͯꡣңԶ
̫ƽ

ʱҲ֪Щҵĸоʲô

ԴСͬѧǰԺѾͶСûʲôɫ
ˡ

һΣѸңСܵϴ·˵ûоܵܵ
СӤ·šɡ

һΣСֲسƪ˵20Ӳű߼ʵĻԺ
СֹǵܵܳôƯҪһ߼ķ
ôһ

ѵ仰ʱҲҵð

ļͥôô£᲻ʲô£

˻ἵʻ𸻣俴Ҽôá

ÿοСЦرŵܵܵӡ룺Ҷչ˵
ôá

ҴСϲ顣СҲϲ顣СûϹѧ
֡ҲСѧĻˮƽ

һ죬ܵ˯ҿڵܵܵСϣڶһ־֪

ңܸ˵˵á̫̫ûʲôҶ


ڵ仰ǣСͦѧϰ

ʱңǣһķúôҶӣ顣
ö𣿡

ҲǸʱѾʼеᷳСˡ

4.СĹȥ2

СʱᵽϹǼˣҲΪھΣǸС
˺ܶ

Ǹҽ˺ܶܺõˡС˵

ʣǰ𣿡

СáƢҲ׬Ǯǳܡ

ʣôõˣΪʲôѡôһ

С۾ţԵְɡܶ׷ңҶϣҽ㶼˵֪
ҵҪʲôġ

ҿСε֣ûнӻ

С˵һҵ򹤡ͦãбҵ
Ҳáȫ򣬻˷С۾ġ

ʣŲΪʲôû

С˵ͦá衣ûԵְɣ

С硣һλ˵ȥ򹤣
֪ˡ˵⻰ʱСᣬҼ

СԼǰΨһһԡرáβˡ

ˣˣ

һΣСڿǰһͨԺһ䣺
顣

һǸ

СɬЦˣʱֻˡ

һۣн͵ıҪ˵úܣ˻黹ҡر
ᡣ

Զԡ

ҷСһ72ˡ

һ죬Сܷꡣֻ

ңָָСķ䣬Ʋһ졣

˵ҲСֱϵ쵼Ա˼붯̬ҵĹϽΧ

ȥС

СȲظҿֻĶš

ҵˡܳһ𣿡

Ҽ̫̫˺ܺáӦû⡣

췢ġ

춼ûл

С

ǿһز̡ǳǳǮСķ
ʶġ72ꡣǸɵͷ˼ر72Ҽǵ
71꣬73꣬72ꡣʱС25꣬Լ30ꡣ72
һ˵䡣

źӣкܶˡСܺáС·С
ͣ˷ϵԺ󣬸Сѡ

С˵ܵ

ҺȻ

˵ԱСһСԢڿ⡣ûǮС
ź

ʣΪʲôڻҪķҸ
ˣ

СĻشҼǲˡСķġ

Сյ72꿪ⷿز̵Ķš˸߲ҵظ˵Ҫȥ
һСʱͬˡһСʱС׼ʱ⣬Ǵ˼
ƻҲͷܸǮˡ

ʱѾС˲ԵܵܺܺãǸñķĹ
̫ӣôһˣҲ̫ġϹүʼ


лôıķϹ˵

СͦġǼҲǺ˵

һֱŲ֪ô졣Сߡȥأ

ȥͷԺĵڶ죬¡ұСˡ

4.С

ڶ죬СָһĻģʽ

ͷкܶˡ˵

⻰һǸ֪߹龫Ӣͥʲô߰
£

Сûעҵɫ˵кܶˣҲҡǸǮ
һһеһؼң±۳ͷˡСЦ


ҵĳȥˡǮѵǸʲôʣ붼ġ

ܵˣСæȥˡܵڳԸʳСܻĸʳܵ
ԡǸĺܹƿװӤʳܾܵͲԡܵܳԵ׳׳ġ
СȺô֣˷һȥо

ڿɳϡ6ˡȻȣǻô
죬һЩζӰ˵顣

Ǽ꣬ĺء

磬С죬˵ޱ̹ĸ¡Ҷ
еˡ

ظ

ᵽС硣ᵽĶ硣һÿ˵Сʱ
˵еֵ¡ǼѾʼΪС겻Ҳû
ע⵽һ㡣

˵ģҶ23ˡͻȻöݺݣ
ãүܹƽ

˵۸㣿

Сͷر𻵡޷ӵĽּˤˤġү
ͷˡ

˵ô۸㣿𣿡

С촽ͻȻеĲ˵ǿҲԸ
¡

ҵԴ¡һ¡Ҳȥˡ

ҳɵʣǿ㣿

ҲϣСĻشΪ֪Ļشʲô

һСһš

ҵԴҪըˡΪʲôҳڽڼͥҵĸĸСΪ
顣ΧˣҵҵĽҵŶҰչҡ
СֻҪѧϰһ¡ϹУҵĶţŻ磬ܸɷǷ
ƱıҰᵽҪ̣迴
ӰȫСҪȤ߹ʿѡΪʲôҪ
Щª£

ʱٵһᡣʵڱġᡱ
ͷѪǺ󻰡

ҿǰЩ˺Ůӡһߣ
С5꣬ͷҵͷһںڡȻҳñ
վһʵûʲô̫

ôĲͬ

ҿϵĵܵܣɽ۵ССȥ
ࡱ֪Ҫ¾ˡ

Һһ¡ڶһ磬ҰСеȥܵ
ߣŵܵܡܻܵ˯

ǼѵһζԻҲһѵһζԻ

СЦеؿң˵ܵù԰ƿ̣ȵúÿ졣
ƬʱЦƬãԺ֡

СҴһֱ˵ȥǾӦ
ûؼҿӡҲҼĸˡϼҿǰɡ

Сϲ𣿺ð

СҿĺӵƬĺӣһкһ
ŮױͿſں죬ͷ߸һһԲԲĺ㡣
ӶûЦ࣬СˡСǸŮƬƲ죬
ҸоϾҪ޳ӡ

С˵ǰܲ˴򹤵Ŀ࣬ڼҿӡƢã
ӡ

ĺӡ

СԭӵƬġ̨ϣˡҲ
ҾȫĵشҵĺӣҲ쿴Ƭܡ

ֻӲĳƽ˵ȥĺǣڼҴһӰɡ
µĹ˵ȸšһ5000ٸ2000һ7000顣
š

ҰװǮŷ⽻

Ҹŷ⿴ŹĹĵġ

Сһ£ӹŷ⣬˵ʲôʱ

һҧͲżˡҲҪȥȼ١Ժ˵

Сɫˡ

ڲǵõʱ˵ʲôҵʱһңҲʲô
û˵ö࣬ĬĬؽܣҲֻĬĬؽܡ

ܵܿˡȥܵܡСѾ߽䱧˵ܵܡѷ
ƿóܵܵıңҿı
ţͻȻԵúСıȥǴɵ졣9㣬
ʲô塣¥µĽֵӦöǴȺǲ֪
Ҽҷ£Ҳ֪ǵĹ¡

ι̣СѵܵܽѵĻұҪȥܵܣȴأ
ûʼʰȥܵܵĿһֱ׷ʱ
ؽСںС˵Ӥ

Сǰһһæһ߶ŵܵЦֻЦֻ΢΢
һ˿Ц

С࣬ܿʰˡҿһϴǹ˵
ϸϸذãŵ

վֽӹܵܡѵܵܽرԼͷ£Ȼ
һڵܵܵһ¡ҹܵĸ£Ҳû
Сû׹ܵܡΨһһΡ

ҿҵСֱһ۾תᣬ
һһöûС

ҵ۾Ҳˡ

Сſڶ˵лл̫̫Ǻˡˡ

û˵

Сˡ

ܵ˺ѷεĿ

ϣңѣү䤱غ˵ܴܵҹûܵܿ޳
޵һһʣûˡϹڱϹ
ࡣ

5.

ûСһδ绰˵ܵܡ
Уѽ˵绰˵ǲڼҡ

ֹһ꣬ͻȻյСһģ߼ҵĶšһ
仰ǣڿˡ˵ȻûǮٻз
ԡҲҽ㣬ҵǮǾ䣺̫̫Ǻˣ
ˡ

е㵣С֣ҺҾȷʵе⣬Ķ
е㲻ġ

档ķΨһĳ·˭Ӷһ
ıķ

ġˡʵİˡ

ʱ룬ҲһڱһַģȻϸһǱķ
С

뷨е㺦ºѹ

Ҳûи绰Ҳ֪ܶ˵ʲô

˼꣬ȫҰˡ

û˶ЦСķá

ҶҲá

룬Сʵûʲôµġ¶һһʮظ
ġɻ£ΪʲôҪԶ̹أǵʱҲôġ

һһЩ취ҲҿҸ
ȦҲƵ⣬Ҳҿΰܹô
˺Ůˡ

һˡΧҲ˵Һ

ҵʱʲôҲû

ֻǼԲõңԶס˱ķСĹ¡

6.β

Ĺ½ˡͼһСɽɽã
һİ޻һظʲôûû˵
Ҳ֪ΰοһɽˡĹ£йȫ
ÿ춼ڷ


󱦸Ѱĸ

Զ

Ҹ󱦸Ǳֵܣһ裬ϯ󱦸˵Ѱ
׵Ĺ£ܶ飬伸ζỨһֱ֪ôд󱦸⼸
ʮ׷Ѱ·̣ٳٲҶʡʹҲ֪
дô󱦸Ѱĸ£ֻǽͼʵؼ¼

𳽭ϰ߲ԶһեեɽˮӶ
ɽǹŴ˾֮һġڻ

ʮ󱦸ֵܽö࣬׳Դֻĸһ
߲繤ҡ󱦸绹ںСʱͱˡ͵Ǳʮ
ե塣ţӴԺ󱦸աƽʱӴ
麢ӵ󱦸ԼԼ֪ԼĸԼ
ĸӦûһסڳ

01 ˸ɵ

Լʱһһǿ顢糵͹лĻɵ
ϸ˴󱦸֮󣬶Դ󱦸˵֪󱦸󱦸
ĸҵҪȥҵסǸɵ˵֪
Ҫȥҵסĸ󱦸˵Ҿף
ɵĻţרƭСģҪ㣬ܸȥ󱦸罫
ɣҪ˵ĺػһ쿪ʼڴ󱦸
һǿҵӡǾҪҵԼ

󱦸ÿ춼ڷѿ

02 

һһ߲չ߲˵ĿӳһŮˣ
۾ԲԲЦݡŮ˾Ǵ󱦸ס󱦸Χ
չ߲˵ĿתתǸŮеЦ󱦸ɵɵվţ
ǸŮˡŴ󱦸֣꺮ůԵñ
ůůòã򲻴ûһŮôе۾
ůĻʺ˫סڴ󱦸Ǳʶ
϶Ů˾סΪⲿڴһ󱦸û
עʱڿһܲ˾˳ȴߣ֪
Χųתǲչ߲˵Ŀڴ
һҹǸŮûڴ󱦸ǰף󱦸ҲǸŮ
ˣǷס׵ӯ˿Ҫᡣ󱦸
Ů˵ֺů󱦸۾һֱû뿪ǸŮˣ󱦸Ǹ
϶׵˰سȥ

03 

ĸԴ󱦸絽ס󱦸跹˼մ룻ĸ
ʳż޲ߡĸֻεͬ󱦸絽ס

󱦸絽ϻס

󱦸׵˼һʯͷ˵أӴԺ֪и
ڳ󱦸ֵܽˣŮ󱦸壬Щֵ
óö׺ײҲײҪˣǼ
˿ڶ࣬ԲʱũĸԺתٽ
󱦸Ȼȴƽ׵Ρ
󱦸簲ĸţпڱԣڳ棬Ͳһ
Եñ󱦸纬ͷһһͷظ׺ֵ
ֻصեĸļ

󱦸ĸļһ̫ש洫լԺԺɳ֡
ˡƤͷʯֹ

ӳʱԺӵһϵǵ㣬Ƥ
֦ѹʯóԶԲһء֥飬ʱһ
һڸߡӵﻹ͵ĸᣬեἾڣեեڵ綯
Ĵ¡֨ѽ֨ѽתڵĸᡰԡȥֽӹ
Ӻ桰¡֭ȴµʢ֭ڴǽª
ڣ硣

󱦸һȺĺΧǿǴߣʦ
ڵǽ㵹Ǵϣȴֽһľ嵱ӣǴϵ
ǾȵػһСһС顣ǽЩɢػɫǿװ
ɵ¨װ¨İЩСǿÿһӷһ飬󱦸罫ǿ麬
ϸƷǿζ

04 ȥ

󱦸һسˡ󱦸˹һשˡ

һ첿б󱦸籨ȥҪž
ĿĴ󱦸ۺʶ㣬ϲξбĸ
ųһۿСųʮߡʱ󱦸ȴԼĸס
ˡĸ᲻ȥǹӪҲ˵ĸ
ĸȥ˵ȥˣͻزô?

Ϊĸ󱦸粻ѷǿҵĵͷ

󱦸繤ϸɣ˫ͬʱƳשש
κשҤʹֹϣ󱦸ǵһδȫµ¯Ҥ
У۲޸豸

05 ׼ڳ̸

󱦸̸һܸɵŮ˾˴󱦸硣ȴ
ĸǿҷԣɲ˵ʵ´󱦸Ժڳ﷢չˡ
ʼĸͷ󻼡Ϊ˴ĸǣ󱦸硰
ȡ塱һβѵطĸ֮ն˼ĸȢһԶ
ɽУڼչ˸ĸ󱦸ĸΨһҪǣϱ
ҪìܡìܣҾͲؼ󱦸֪ĸиƢ
˵Ƚˣν죬ġǰѳ˵ǰͷ

ĸ֮Ȣ˵ϱڼĸ󱦸ӴרעڳĹ


ã󱦸ëϸۿƳ󱦸϶Խ
ȣëƷ۶ߣʽ졣󱦸ýź
Ӫ취ҵ˷չƿëԾг
վ˽Ÿᷢչơ

06 

һһعȥﶬĸһһˡ
ĸU꣬գ󱦸ˡ󱦸̳ĸȫҲ
լһ䣬һйԺ䣬зֵԼϼƵ
ء

ե롰غη羰Ժ󣬴󱦸˾
ÿ˳ŰһҲذǨֵ׷ӣһףŮ
һף󱦸һס󱦸һСӿӿһ
ƱСꡣ󱦸˶ݣпԺֵ࣬Ͼʱϲ
裬Ѵ齫ֵˣ󡣴󱦸ֵܽ
мõһȥũ岻У󱦸һӱ˿
ǳ˲ũˣ󱦸ʱ˾úᷢչֱͨ

󱦸罫ʮ׽ӵեĴͬڡ
󱦸磬Ұ͵ũȥܿ࣬޲ң󱦸ش˵Ҳ㣬
ĻҽôϽ˴󱦸Ļʱݺᣬ
˫ֽ߬Ŵ󱦸֣þòɿ׶Դ󱦸绺꽫
󱦸˵ԭ򡣵˿ڶ࣬ǣֱ͸
˸˼Ҷ㡣һ·ԱЩ·
ԱϴԺҲҲ㣬ûð͸ǡһ
եռͥԸ㡣һ㣬ҽЩҶ˵Ҳ
ҲҪǵĽǮǺúõƴҶӡ飬һ
кתԼܻؼˣȽľɣ̸һֱ
ĸ

ǰ꣬׻95ޡ󱦸աλ
Ǵ󱦸硣󱦸罫׵ŹһǨ׺һĹؾե
İɽϣվɽϿԶ̳һߵɽͷ
ҰһѵõĺĹء

˶˵󱦸һţȲĸ֮Ҳû
׵Ĺ֮顣󱦸ڴţһ˵㻰Ե
ԹТѵȫ󱦸ȴȡ壬ίȫظĸڼǸТӣ
̤ʵϸɣһȣҵҵҲ߳ƵĴɷ

󱦸Ѱĸ´ңҲΪһТȫıԺ
󱦸һͨͨˣƺֲһͨͨˣΪΪĸ
һвÿһ˶ܹõġ֮ʱƺл˵ֲ
֪˵Щʲôһмٱ仯ʱܶഫͳ
ˣǴѧ¹ݬɫϹһ
壬Ҳ֪¹ػϴͳãĵһʮ󱦸
Ϊĸ͸ĸһУҲдĵĿġ


֮

˼

ǵ죬ůз磬Уķ紵
ŴҡҡڰڣҶô̡

˿Ŵҡҷķ羰˼ǧǰĺһ
ģ˲

ǧǰһġش

е㾪ȡ

Ⲣ֣ΪǷ磬һֱǣ䣬ֵǣ
ǺǧǰһǷ;ˡ˼룬ǲӦ
𣿡

Щˣôûб仯ǧǰĸ¥𣿡

ǧ˵¥Ӧ㲻ϱ仯ɣǧǰķ绹û
ôأΪʲôᷢǧǰķڵһأ

һʱҲ֪˵ʲôˣ뷴֮ָоƺ˵ö
һ㡣

ǧǰġؾʦʽĵȼƶȣ໹šû
ɵţȻȥʸΪʲôζͬǷֻǿҵķ
΢Сķ磬ȴķͱµķ硣Ƿ磬Ҷ
ڿƮ衣̵ĺˮӳ
⡣ǿҵķ˵΢紵ܲǺ÷粻˼顣
кܶƶ˻Ҫ綼ϧЩΪǵˣ
ʲôһֱǳǵƶȣӺԣ˷ѱ
ʳǶǷ綼޲úݺݴһȭû֣
ֻܺХŷɹǧ꣬౾ʾޱ仯ǷҲ
ٺХֻʵˣ˵ûĿĵ˵
ͷŮ˵챦£ɩ˵ǿıʲôã

õģ˵úܶԣԻŵϦӡ˻ش

㿴˵úûɣʲôʱˣھǧǰġ
Ի

Ҿе㼫ˡ

˵ҪС廹ʲôΪеŭˡ

ǹŴĶкõµİɣ

Ȼ£Ҫµ岻£Ҳ
£ȫģΪֻġĶ
㲻ֵΪ˴ӱһģ׷һġ̲
⣬˫ߵĻԣļн͡

Х˺ſ磡ǧѪᣬΪʲôô
ŭѵ㲻Ӧľ

һֵķ硣


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ɽ

Ÿ

޺Ͱ޵Ĵϣڸɺļڳɽǻܿɴ
ϵһֻһƬɽŨڿø
ձٻɫеϢڿĹ·ԣǶ
Կսľµİɫҽܸܵɽ¡Ȼ
ڶ꼾ʱغܿµֲ漣غ
١رǲɽĺľ˵͸¡Ծһ
δɽ𣬺ľ᳤رߴ

ȻƵйĻҲɽ𡣵һػ
еڶɽ𡪡ʷǰĻ

ʷϼǧǰػԺĻգ³˰鼮ڼбڵУ
ڷпɾŴ伮Ĺ£ҪйĻʷ
ڶɽյһֹ¡½Щڴ
ǵ͹±ȫʵġ

1958Ϊʦڱ绤ɣڱũͶ
Уѧϰһ룬ժñԺ䵽½ܣȺѧʦѧУ顣
Ȥһֱֶо˵귭ĵѧժ
ܵʱǲܵģָֻܰڳĸ￪ʼܵ
ȹһμѵӣ۷ʣලͶֱֱ¼Ժ
ָ˽ѧҲ˻سɶ̽׵Ļᡣ

ÿλؼ̽ҶȥĴѧκʱ䲮κסڻ֣
ǳɶٳǵһֱ֣ͨ㼹һֲŵС֮һ
ЩࡰݡľͥԺĸ￪Ժﱻչ
ʾϳɶòξ㡣κ˽լĸбռݣ̽ʱ˽լ黹
һ룬Ͳĸסںһ롣κĸϡĶŮûк
סһ𣬵ҽԺȽϽҲǡһǵκ
ʱС쾮ʱ鷿һЩ̸κͷȽϰСƤ࣬
¶ǵĹâԶࡣɶ첢̫ȣҹ꣬
ԺˣͻǺġ

κǼҵŵڿսʤڴ彨ϵ
йƶʷ彨ϵ³ģ
õһһЩѧϵҵڴĴѧ
մӵ¹ƸФʿֵĵѵ࣬Фָ˽
صһ鲢Դȡ˶ʿѧλ

ڱͷ̨оԺѧоʱҵ˸׵ѧλġ
ʱƸФعΪʵɽƽȨ˼롣ǵļƻ
̨õʵ֡ǶԵʵ½ʵеĴ򵹵׼
ʵк½ĵ·ǲͬġڴʱĴʡ
ֳͬʱ쵼Ĵƾܵͼӡʱҵս
飬κһͬĴʡԱʶȥ̽κϣ
һЩ͢ѧľ¡

Ҳڵ¹ѧʱԪ˧һЩķǳã
Ϊ̲Ľ̹Ԫ˧ĵģӵ¹ȡ˹
ṩйľѡҲᵽʱë󶫲μӹȵ֯
йѧ¡йѧԺһȡë󶫳Ϊˣ
һ諵ȳΪ굳ĴʼˡκҲμ굳
μ˹Ĺᣬ1949Ժ굳ΪţҺĴ
Ԫ˵Ĵʼ֮һͨܶԪ˧
󵽳ɶʱκԹ

ȻҸȤڸ͢ѧ¡ϣصĿΣ˵ϣ
ؽκܺöȲͺ෴ѧҲݽ
ϣضѧĿྶͥϣػ͢
ʾѧҵػκعдƫ΢̵ַĽ̲ģΪ
ѧ֮һҲдַ飬Ҫ½ѧѧ쵼
˳ɶѧԺ

κƫ΢̵ַĻǷǳʵġһΪһʵ
ƫ΢ַ̣ܿ͸϶شĩβҲʾ
ֿл⡣

κĲʿĿǡƽı߹̶ľƽֵ
󡷣رϧŵĵܵŸҵѧľϵĻ
ܵȺɱ츳ܸߣѧ깤ƵĻԺúĿ
̶ǼԵģû˼ҵѧȥڽϿѧȥ
˰亯̵Ŀγ̡ıҵĿǡ˫ڼ
кµӦֲһеĹơģ
һ¡;ݴʩˡϧһвʿˮƽ
ĹδǱ˱ܵӡ±ڵڱֳͻ
䵽пԺѧѧΪϺķˮع
ѧģ͡һ˴˰Ժȫѧά
ԩʱûƽûڽԱС

ܵʱѧ綼޷״ûȫжκ
ļҦ־ڡһЩйδϢҦ
57ɡĺѹֱ겢ûжϡ
һŴѧԺͬ½޽ڵĹ£
ô57걻ɺʦղͳ½ȥ
ѧ෨ѧרҰ庯ĵ˹ߴ
һμ˹ĸǰĸﵱй˵ʱѧ
ˡĸڼμоչҹǵĹҼǵڴ
˰Ժȫѧı棬ݾҺ̬ȼڻлζ
⡣ÿεμǷ乤ʱҦʦ档Ҧ
пԺӴ˻ͬ־ӡܺãʱĵλ
δйϣϢҺܴĹ

һ̽׽½ϵһҹڳѹ췢
ĵų¹ڸһƬף·һƬ̲
һʫ˵ʫ䣺                          

ϵ֮

³


ʱ
˯


ϵһ
·Ǻڵ
˴

·һɥĴ



ϣ

Ǵ
һĶ
һзζĶ
һ쳣ӯĶ
һв
׳ľе
˯ܰĶ
ڵȴĳ֡

κ̸һѧһĴѧܵ
Լ˹򡷵Ӱ죬Ȿ˹ǿרҵ׷
񣬳ΪŬģµİκҲܳⱾ顣һǰ
˹̹˵ϲС˵˼Ү˹ġֵܡ
д˶ϲǰԼһж֮ǵ
衣Լ˹̹ʱϣڵ¹̨ڵ¹Ҳ
ص㡣ǼʮĽ쿴ӦһԣսԺ
¹̵ķ˼˹ϸȽϳ׵ˡŷ޹Ҳϲ
ĸң¹ͷĹҺͽ
ˡ

йңκƼѧͬѧͬʱʯ
ѧѧĻпѧҺҹĭѧ̫ˡ˵
ˮ΢ǰ͡󲨡дĴǰʷʷ
ʫƷκͼҸΪ۳Ĳ׳Ķԣ
ĸԣĳɾͶڰͽ֮ϣȻ߾иӰ
˵ƷĴ˽ǶĴĹԱǣ˭ԵĴϰգ˭
ĴϰաκкеĽֱ60
ȥ

ʮһԺĹʾzΪʡصﱣλ
ڿšһضʽԵñȽˬ
ĵչּܿԼκĴ
Ƭҷ·ּ˶ǰһڲɢz
ãһֱǻϦвȥ

60ʼܻܵؼ̽һҪȥݷõһ֮곤
ĴĲŮνĴѧְڹʷݵĻڡҵ
ʡԱͬʱĶӻƻҳеͬͬѧ

ƽڳŵܵܺõļͥʫ飬ѣ30
ǰʫἯΪ30ǰʫܵŮ̳εĸ߶ۡ
ڱʦоʦѧ߻ƽڡҵĴѧ
лȹѧҡʱĴѧ⻹ιίԱ

ƻѵĸΪԵطֲѻƬƶնط
ɱĸһֱΪ49ԺŶԹ˴½
ιĴʡЭίԱίĸڼڿ۷ֹʣƻ
Ҳ˶ܵĸΪȹһƶӵļӡ

ƻѸңʹǶʱĸȻ飬ֺϡ60
ֵܻؼ̽ҪҵܵҲϲʫʣϲҵܵܣ
ᡣԵܵܵκһΪϧ

һμƲĸ80ڼһٷǰ
κͻƲĸҳԷģΪѡ80
ˣһҲʹˡĴһֱ츮֪֮ʶӶʳ
ңĴµ쵼˳ҫĲ͹ݡŬ͡
ȻڡڻƲĸҳԵһ⡣ʳũԼ
лƻѵũļȥġҳԺֵȷر
ԡ

80ǾһɽϨԺƲĸμ˵
ĴʡЭʷݻ⣬лʫѧʡĴʫѧ
᳤ȶְλҳ˶ѧඩļ
һļڴ塷ƲĸرϲʫŸֹϰռ
ǿҵĹļڴ塣ڶŸ
ﻹԿī

ƲĸǸ罻խκҸǣһ罻
ݡʵϲдѧڣѧʦСѧʦκһλڻ
ЭнĵʵһλСѧĵʦʦˮƽܸߣ
ڲﾭһׯӡܵظ̶ǰѡׯӡСϻ
ȥ½ʱдһΪСһǵһ䡰
ա

Ǹʱжعܣ֮ìܿڲڲ
飬ǶȹҵĺõطǷѧؼʱܵ
˵˵ҪһŻؼҡҵǣ˵58ëϯμӳ
ڼ俴ĴϲݣΪĴ̫Уȫ˴Ծ
˶ǲ߲ݣҹսڼϹι磬˴󼢻ġ

ǸŮǲݵġԻƲĸܻӭЩСѵ
ȥ档60ҷӻȽϴ󣬷кö飬ʮʷװϺ
õľġϻֽī⡣Ʋĸ޳ţΪڷ
ҩɫáǽʷ֪ʶʶ֪ⷽʶ
Ԩˡ

ҵѧͬͬѧƻѱҵڱũҵѧֲ뱱󣩡רҵ
ҽ80оĴеİȡ˺ܺõĳɹȤǣƲ
ĸڹżȷļء

ڴ˰ԺҸĸѸߣҪչˡҵʦʦǿ
ڵƼֱҪҵ齨пԺɶԺҹ
½ԸˣûܳСڸҵгϣܵ
⣬͸¶ԿѧԺЩĸʲôҲɻ߲
ҵıֵǿҲַ߿˹̹֪ʶ
һλÿϰٴεԼҵľڱ˵
ͶұͬķȫܵĺܵĶ

֪λѧ·žСǶĸ
оѧȡ˺ܺõĳɹǶλ57ǳԾܵչ
ʮԼëٻűӰ졣ʶ뷨ƵҪԣǡ
ɿ𡱣һĴֱ58ú
أѧͶ

ɸ½Ž顣ñСһЩ
ѧ£½쵼֪˳ǵʦΪ³
ܱΪɵڰæڵأȥ˳ɶƷԺ
ҡ

žԺѡΪпԺԺʿ·ùȻѧȽпԺȻ
ѧһȽǹʱ۹쵼ɲʵߵĻ
һЩ˶б·ŵҵǸɵԼĵλ˼
ǾʵߵĻ˶·ŵҵǸɵ˻
йѧԺΪпƼѧ˻

½ѧҲʵߵĻӻʷרκ|
ѧרҲ鳯ǰԺϾѧΪѧǸɣߵ
ι´ϵΣΪ´ϵķչ˹סάŮ
ɯȡúܸѧɾ͡ʦ˻
ѧĽ

ʱһõһѣѧ츳߱ҵ
УɶеΡѧĸԺѧĽƵ
ֻѧѧȫѧɲšҵŸһͶ
ԡ˽١Ϊһ飬ǵıҹ¡ʱ
ָʾǲѧпչҶĴһȪȴѧпչ
һ߳˶һֱڵһ®ɽ»
ʩͬʱѡΪξίԱĶлֹڴˣĴĴ
Ծ˶и߾죬ڵõ߹ȵԹûֻĵ츮֮
󼢻ģȫʡоǰСпһͨĴ쵼
ϷӳĴطɲĸԺЩɲдǱ
˵ĸԺٵĴΪСƽܾ58
еѧȥԺתɶͶͶмֿ
ѧ˰ԺȺԺʿĽԪļ㷽
ԺȻѧһȽԼĹпԺȻѧȽԺΪ
ѧѧһѧƲʿѧѧƴͷˡȫΨһһ
ûдѧѧĽںͲʿʦ

ѧĿƷͻȪдһ顶һЦ¼
ԺľӿΪдһƪĿǡڼ
˽˼¼ 

ظϣΣ֤˱ͬѧ
ԩɱĸǴܯʷѧңڲμӹ굳ι
ȡʷ⡱49ʧȥҺõõʦͨ˵İ
ڴͼݡһֱרעʷڴͼϣĸ￪
ʼģʱǼһжãָû
ע⣬Ҵ档80ĸڼʷ棬ʷѧӰܴ

ֱ80̹õѧ˭Ƕ
ܯ100ʱٿ˼ѧۻᡣûм
ڣǱһȪ͸ҵļѧлҵ
Զ׺ĺһλŵĺвŻҡܵȺѧ80
ǵĵеĻļ˽١

70ԺйĴŽ򿪣ұ硢ѧ
רҡԺԺʿ׼ѵڲμ֮Ϊųѧ
ûŷʴ½Һܿ׼ڴ½ĺԼȥ飨
ѧϰܺõںϵǲ¼ȡϴѧģԺĻ
׻ع̽׺ò׵˸ũѧʵѧʲôʱ
̲ҲĲӡںڼòܵҽĹΪ
ѧ͸ۡκ֪ԼҪȥ飬ͨίԼ
ȥͬ͢ѧͺѣݴѧУHans LewyڣHans 
LewyWolfߣƫ΢ַҡͶڸУӴ
ָֻ֮ϵԺϿѧڳʡϿѧ˼΢
κ΢ַΪ˫΢顣ڼHans Lewy Ҳί
ҲWolfĻLouis Nirenbergרŵɶκ90
Hans Lewyȥǰ󽲹һѧLewyһκ
꣬LewyȥκķȻͨϵһκ
ҿһţŵݡص͢ȥĸ
˷ǵĸоֵɣϤˡʵϱ
صɶҲָо˵˷ǡйеĸĽʽ
¹ָͬԭòʹýֵĿҲȫϲˡ

Ļڼŵ뱱һЩڲμЧдд
ʱ෴ȴ˶оܾ׵Ĺ¡ʵκ
ҲһƵ飬ôΪ֪ڿչ˶Уκ
ǵ˵ǳΪȻдˡۡʱȻ˰һ
ȫȡȨΪǳУΪܵһ֪ʶӳ
ѧӰ죬Կӵ˼벢رȤûпκۡ
ָ塣ָ֪屻档Ҳκһ

80йĻɽиգ70ĩ޸½
ѡҷ½ίһЩµָ壬˺ǹ
һصɶûгУ½ֲš1981걻½ѧ
鲢ʼ˶ʿоʱɳµ諽ݽǣͷ½ѧѾ
˶ʿ㡣ҵĴѧԶƼʡ쵼µ
оԺѧ49廪ѧ֧Ԯ߽½ѧѧϵ
ʡĻ¼п϶½ҹ߽ҵĹס
ѧɽͬѧ49𽫾ľ뽮Ⱥ
һũѧԺ½ʦͳһѱ׸˱߽ҵ

1988ҵйѧڼڱ󿪹һ»ᣬʱ½ѧ
ѧʿʿ㣬ҴѧϵĲڻڼ
ҰѲϸϯĺ˵ϵʿ
㹻ʿʦҰЩĴѧӦڡ
ѧʶͬκϽҽܵģκϽǿ
ѧھܾϵĳЩڹͬĴӦ
ΪѡӦǱĸ߲Ǹ䵽Ĵѧң
ǰϿΡȻֿѧо봨ں
ģ˷˵ԵĹùȻѧȽѡпԺ
Ժʿ˵ҿĴѧְԺ벩ʿʦʵϵʱĲʿ
ʦɹԺġ׼ԺҾԼְڵĴѧʿ
оǵͬһͬʱ׼ĲʿʦӦѧĸŻĶ
ͼ۵ݴѧƵҡӦڶҹ
ѧչࡣǵͬʱĴѧѧʿְĻʦ
о˵ڡʦоȺ۵ĳ½ںʹҵĸ
ѧТڡ봨ͬǵĹͬŬĴѧѧõ˺
չΪѧһҪġǰΪĴѧ
7ʿ90϶µһЩëҾ
ڵءҵܵɱɶҵ֮أ˽
ʫ̼ɽδսôУsڵ
뵽ŴѧͬһŴѧ½ѧ˲ʿ㡣

ŴѧѧϵһҵĹ£ԭ50ǰڣôѧϵǳ
ǿ¾Ⱥȸ߲ǵĳɼڹձд
ҵǵѧƴͷˣ㽭ѧޡκλ
ȫɣѧϵӴһ겻ֱ90ͨ
ʵ𽥻ָ

ȫԣ7778Ĵѧҵڹⶼֳĳɼ
ѧĻɽܿ츴ˡ

ڲԸպϣһֱ40꣬ʱҵĸĸѾȥҴ
»ȥκʱᣬ˵㸸ĸܻ쿴
һУôðҺһμ棬ԺյĴѧ
κĸ档

оһɽÿںѧǲؽ
סĵطɽҾͻеһľ˼
ҮҮҵǾĥѣ˵Ҷݵ
йǧʷнеɽйģĵڶΣĿ˴صԡ

	

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ӾĹ£ئšʮ

̡ʡ

ئţķ

1926˹̹İֹԢӴ25ĺɭշ
ѧµĹ켣緢ĺɭ³
ӡ󡣼󣬺ɭʾ˷ױصӰأ
ȷԭ

ķ֮һͺ󣬵ķ1951߽˹̹ڸߵоԺİ칫ʱ
Ѿ34꣬ȴԶԶûкɭšķڸոճġۡȫ
˸籾ڹͣð˹̹ע⡣ȻɺĲķȴ
Īʧ䣬ܾ߼Ƿȱ

Ѿ72İ˹̹ģ佱ķѾɹؽĹ۵
쾡¡ͬʱʾɣѵǾѧȫ

תۼ䣬˹̹ɭ˹EPRѾ15ˡڲķ
ɻ֮ǰľѦ̵èѾʷ⡣һ
ͽ˹̹׻׻ѣЩȶıҲи


ĺɭһķǰ칫߳һͷĥ
ѧ᲻ỹŲͬڸ籾ͳܣ

̶̼ºҵ˴𰸡

밮˹̹ǳճ־õۺѧе෽棬
ԡǾԡԼ걸Եȵȡڰ˹̹
ķ΢Ƿſ͹۵ʵڡ

רе갮˹̹ʵ֤塣Ϊ޷֪ţ
ľԿռ;ʱ䣬ǲǿ͹۵ʵڡ֪ȡ
Ǿβʱ䡢ȵɴˣۣı
ۡ

ɭͲ̳ͳǿֹֻͨ۲ֶ
ʶ΢۵硣еĲοϵѡƣЩĽ
ʽѡԼ̱ı䡣ѧıֻЩ
塣ˣвһڲ̵Ŀ͹ʵڡ

˹̹ΪȻŴηʣû̧ͷͲ

ɭڰ־ȵط50İ˹̹Ѿʵ֤壬
ظεЦ٩ȷ˹İ˹̹ԽԽִڿ͹
ʵڡ

EPRķɭͲ˹뿪ߵоԺı߾͡ڰ
ʦӲӢƶ£Leopold InfeldԺ˹Ȼ
˹̹Թ죬ܾǮΪƸ֡ΪƣӢƶ㷲
˹̹дһͨ׵ѧʷø֧ǵĹ

˹̹Ȼͬ⡣Ǻܿд͡ѧĽThe Evolution of 
PhysicsѧӼӵڸչۡ۵Ĺ̡
Ű˹̹ĴⱾһֽƽ˰Ȩ룬
ơ

ʣѧĽᴩŰ˹̹˵ӽǺǿ
ԡ͹ʵڡѧܹڡչԭֻ
ܹ֪磬ſ͹۵ȻԼӵźгɣſ
ѧ

ڲĸѧ֮ǰ˹̹ۡ
ָԵìܡ1927ĵάϣ֮Ϊ
˵ûӵʵڡ

ĿУһǿ͹۵ʵڡǿӫʱ
ֵĵӲֻһ̳Ϊʵ֮ǰ˲䣬ӦþѾ
㸽ȲͻȻУҲӦٶȲԵִԶ
ܴٶɼңԶڡ

෴Ĺ۵㡣ΪӫϵĳֻΪһ
λõľ֮ǰһ˲Ӳ֪һʱ̻ӫ
һٶȵʱȷλáӫ
֮ǰѧеֻһδ̮Ĳӵλá
ӱֻǳĸʵڡ

ڰ˹̹£ϲ˼Ĳķȴѧҳһ·
ʽܹ׷ӫ֮ǰĵڡ±Уʱ̶
ȷλúٶȣǷα

ķֻ֣ҪӵĶѧмһƣquantum 
potential񾭵ѧһӵĹ켣ƱԴ
Ѧ̵Ĳ̺ŲϢƳһӵ˶
ʹǲӰҲΪƲϵر任ԼĹ켣

Ǹͷ۵˫ʵУķھ϶κһ
ֱ߼ǰƵŤŤصӫĳ㡣
ʼգߵ·ȷġڵִӫ֮ǰһ˲ȷѾ
Ǹĸ

ȻȫȷһŵӵĹ켣ҪƳе·Ҫ׼ȷ
յڳʼʱ̵λúٶȡΪɭĲȷԭѧ
ٿܡǣȻķܼӿϮĸ·ȴҲ޷׼ȷ
϶ÿŵӻһ·˶ֻڴʵУÿ·
еͨʱӫϿͳЧơ

1951졣ķһֵͬʱҲõĺϢ
طͥǡӹᡱȷΪܷ

Ȼ˹ٴѧǾĹӶͬʱĲķ
ѧĽѧо֮⻹ڵ塢ȿϽƣһָ
רҡзֱ԰˹̹Ͱ±ĬǿƼš
ڣûһѧУԸȾָ

ķѾ˺ԼĹﲻ֮ء
ҹټӣ̻̲Զߵİʥ޴ѧ
ƸʱͶ·Ĳķץסᣬ

ֻһʱ֮áķӦûѧ
ע⣬ӶԼĴ߻ʵԶİԳŷޣ
ѧд轻

ķƪԡһԡڹ۵Ľ顷A 
Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of "Hidden" 
Variablesı1952115յġۡͬʱʱѾ


һǰոճˡۡڵĸ籾ڹ͡
ܻӭĽ̿У֮±˰˹̹EPR飬ֻ
Ϊ˽롤ŵ20ǰѧ֤ѧвǱڵ

밮˹̹Ǵλȴ׵ظıĿ

1951ĲķȲ֪25ǰ²ڵάϾ
һۡڵ²У˽һ
˶ķǸͬС졣лУķ
˵ŵ֪²⵱˼롣

ǳȺۻ㼯Ůʢϣ²⵽籾ѧɵĬ
ĬʵһŹӻвʱΪܵײ
мһ

²ƿԡûܵʶĬʵܲƽһ
ʹʱѧͳҲ޲ߵ⡣ΪĬʣ²
ûӰ˹̹Ĺɥط˵籾
ͳ

һǿ΢ͬ硣Ǿʵڣ
ֻڲĹ΢ӴϢҲͬʱı΢Ľ̡
Ҳδȷ֮ķֽߡѦǹȵ²
ʽļװý΢۵ķԪغͺ۵èһر
Ľ߸ܴڡ

25ĲķٳΪķֽ硣Уӡӡ
ӫȵȶһͬʵƣͬ˶ɡ
ӵķ䣬Ҳͬʱõķֻǲɽԭɣ
ʵʼ̻ᳬԽѧҵ

Ѧ̵èҲͬԭɡǵĹͬèŵ״̬Ҳ
èȥ״̬Ӱ£èԭӦ˶ţ
èȻ˫ʵеĵһΪʼ
Ĳȷ޷֪һֻèǻֻ֪еȱݡ
ΪʵڵèѾȥ߼ţᴦڼֻĻĵ״̬

ȻѾ籾ѧڹˮ

Զİһвõ⺣̲ڵƫƧͿѧ
ﲢѧҵ԰Ƿ

ڿζѧ󣬷ѩصĶ졣ܼѧ
ԺƸ۵ĵϼݡȡһѧ٣Զ
Լ¬³ģѧֻ
Ӳ²ƶĽѧĸ

ʱں̲ưɣ׷Ůɣ
ĵʱ⡣ѧ˴ġɣ裬ƻ
һһȵļλУħڿ񻶴еС
ڸ籾ʿ¡еĽɫ

಻ԶʥޣеĲķȴꡣԼС
ĥθʳ̼¾ԷÿÿԴΪ
˷ֹԱսĻգһֻܻ
֤˾ٷ˲ķ԰Ϊȥŷ޽ΡѧĲë֮أ
ֻżķѧǰءɷۺ
ȤķֻŷʽԱˣı

ƪĵûµʯ󺣣½ķ
ӦȴҲڡ

ǰնԲķġۡ޲ڵȷѡָķ
ĲһɺԣһʵĺԣǲѾԼͿĬ
ĵ²⵼ķûйͨ۰ò
ϲķ۱ȵ²ٴﵽ߼Ǣиɻ
ǼֻǡΪζѧûʵ塣

籾ѧɵĴ󽫺ɭͲȻҲͬظû
ֻ˽ʾķۺ޴ɭƶȴ
ƵƵķд裬ĴֹӢȻ־
ķ۵ġ

ķеسͽһΣͨǳ
ͷβر˸籾ͳԾѧĴһ
⵽

ڸ籾Եĵ²⿴ķĸʱû̫⡣ƣ
Ÿ߲ķԼȥۣͬѱ֤ڲķĵĽ£
Ѿ컨ס粻ٻԾĵ²ȻҲٶȶԸ籾ڹ
ǡ˹̹˵дٴθԼ²Ҳͼ
۵Ȩķʣһ˼񵽱ʯȴΪͨʯͷӵ
ˡһټ񵽣ϳǱʯűʯӦù˭У

ڸ籾ѧ֮⣬ѦֻŸ֪ķûȤ
ķʧĻӦȴһﾪѵİ˹̹

԰˹̹˵ķҲֻƿװľɾơ25ǰ˹̹
׺֪ҪǵԼĹ²ĵ
ǲķڵƣǶŲڵĲɷԡ֮ͨ
һƷ˲ʱϵ༴ǹȰĳáķȻ
Ϊʵڵӹ켣ȴƻǾΪۡⲢûܽ
ѧʵ⡣

ˣ˹̹Ϊķ²۵ڡۡ

˹ٵĸߵоԺһλõѧԸµؽ˲ķ
ۡطеľӢǷӦǿңһ¶Բķֲֳм
۲һΡɵķѡǾȻмԵ
ķĵʦоԺԺ±Ĭص޷
ķǾͱһµغ

ʷظ͹ȥֹĶԸ籾ɡսһķĺ
伣

ڲķʱ̣ǰ˹̹Ԯ֡ɭѾշת³
ɫй޵еؽרҵΪ̫עѪ
İ˹̹Ӱѡһͳκȥʱɫ
밮˹ְ̹λɭΪķһְλ
Ҳڰ˹̹Ȱ£ķ˹뵽Ȼð
뿪ǰ̫˵¼԰

ҵð˹̹Ϊǡĵ¹ķ
ݡ±ĬԼҲ飬ȡӴܵʸʱ
˹̹ټػ˵ߵоԺԱְ֧±ĬĹš
Ϊһλѧʦ˹̹ýϹԱԿά
ѧɡ

195411£ľƣİ˹̹һ־ȥŸ̾ᣬ
ȥѧҡܸԸȥһˮܹǸְҵڵǰ±ѧ
Ϊɡżȫصˮܹ׷ţ밮˹
̹ˡ

˹̹֪Ѿʱ޶ࡣ

1948꣬ҽһкȻϳһѪʱ
꣬70ꡣ

װ1951ֻʣſ˹ͰɯĶŮ
ѴӸߵоԺݣȻһ칫ҡÿ죬9𴲣߳
ͱ߶10ңԼزеоԺϰ࣬ۡ
1㣬ͬ»߶Բлؼҡ緹˯Сʱ
Ͱʱڼ͡żԼƵʽжȹ

ڼڵ绰ĻһŮѡС22ķ
Johanna Fantovaڷ28ʱڰֽʶ˰˹̹Ǹ
İıСϵĳ͡1939˹ٸͼ
Ա1950Ϊ˹̹İ£ĵ¼ճ
ĲʹͱԹĿнչϲЦ

˹̹ѦҲָϵͨͳһ۵ѧ⡣
ѦСΨﲻٴʧȥꡣ˹̹
۵رʾǰĹֻϵȥᡣ

ɭûôˡ1954ʱŰݷãȴܵ
ڰʱǢ˹̹ò䵭ؽӴº߷
һɴ⡱

ļ˹̹Ļۣ
˱۶100򡱵⡣Ҳڿʼۣټͳһ
;ڸѱУΪ˸У50˼û
ҽӽĴ𰸣ʲôAll these fifty years of 
pondering have not brought me any closer to answering the question: 
what is light quanta?

19053£26İ˹̹רַǸ漣ĵһƪ
ģڹĲ任һԹ۵㡷ƪ͹ЧӦΪ
ŵУһ˹ӵĸҲʷ
Ϊֵĵһ仰

ͺ76İ˹̹19553дһ̻عˡ
һ仰ԶĴɣܷó۽ʡ
ķԽṹֵûɡѧһʮػش𡮲
ܡΪѾͨ;Ҳˣ
¹ѧGotthold LessingοĻȻͬڣ
׷ȶӵиΪɹ󡣣It appears dubious whether a 
fieldtheory can account for the atomistic structure of matter and 
radiation as well as quantum phenomena. Most physicists will reply 
with a convinced 'No,' since they believe that the quantum problem has 
been solved in principle by other means. However that may be, 
Lessing's comforting word stays with us: the aspiration to truth is 
more precious than its assured possession.

ΪӸдµһ仰һº418գ˹̹뿪
硣


ʮص 

˹̹ȥ󣬲ӭ70١

ʹǰ˹̹ѧڲҲѳԽ˰
˹̹Ӹ籾оһһӢͬİ±Ĭ
ʱ˹ٵĻգѿһһ
׷ߡԼĵʦһӲΪϵġ̸۵
Ұ۳Ϊѧս20ͣİ˹̹Ѧ̡
˶ԶĹŶֻвϵ׳Ȼǰ
ָ㽭ɽ˳ᢡ

ΪףٵУɭһʽ籾ڹ͡һ
ơΪ֪һѧңɭսû̫
ܿ춨ڲòĸ͢Ͷһؽ¹
ʱظ߾ԲΪ׵ĸ籾ȻؽҲ洦
սֵĵһԭӵͨʷʿһλ߸ݺɭһ֮д
һǧ̫Brighter than a Thousand Sunsʮַ
ŭдһŲ⡣ûмĳ򹫿Ƿţֱȥű
֡ΪҪսӪ˺ɭʵĹŵ˹Ҳ
¶

ڴٵļǰѾõ¹ġ
ѫ¡Order of the ElephantմͳΪԼһö¡
ڴѫ¶д׹εĻУµԴй̫ͼ
ԣ

ڲĿΪѧ֮ܽĻԭ
ָĿԣķ
ȴֻӻеɡӡһ߻ͻ
ЭΪʱȱһɡǱǻԭѧе֡

ѧУǺеĻѧѧ
ֻĹϵ޴ڡֵһ֮ĺ׼ѧ
ۣԭӡԭӺģϵĹŸΪԶ塣Ϊˣ
ĴȷԼʷλ

Ҳǵ1950ڣղŵ˹°רо
ѧʱΧԼȤѾ˾޴ı仯

ԭӵѧսڼͬŬԭӵձʹ
ɵľ޴ҲеĴסսǻص
ԸȾָģɱճΪָ֮һ
Ȼ޷ܵһġ㣡Ψ浼±
ݡͬ¡ǵķԣ׷̩պͼ־ͬط˹
Ī˹ΪǿⵯΪȰ˵Ժķ룬
Ԥһս40%Ŀܻڼڴ졣ҲǷԶܵ
ԭ֮һս1953ɹرը˵һⵯ

ǿҵİûмԹĲķְͣ
͡±ĬӴʸȡͬ顢С

Ͷⵯо֮ǰջһµԭӺģֲͣҺģ
ļª㡣Ȼؽĳĸʦġǳ飬
ȻǽǵͲʽֹۺ޸ģһӾ
ࡣֱʾԼ˳󣬻ղźозġȻ
ΪʱױǴѧ׶أJames RainwaterͬģͲ
ȷ漴ɲĵĸӰ¸Aage BohrĪɭBen 
Mottelsonڸ籾֤ʵ˺Դ˳ɾͻ1975ŵ

ʧȥȻĻնԲû˿ԹԵʦΪءҲһ
ʷظʱΪʦ¬ɪԵûܷͬλģ
һŵѧĻᡣֻǵõһ̵Ľѵ³ɹӦ
췢

Ϊ˹٣ڶսмһѧ𽥳Ϊһ
еͬʱ벣Ͱ˹̹λʦżΪǢʦͬ
ѹϵڰ˹̹ĶĿȾ£յѧ۵һ180ȴ䡣

ڷ˶·֡ķӵȷ켣֮ʣշ
֮ԭһжӡתΪһжǳ
everything is fieldsǰ˹ֵ̹׳־δҲ
Ϊյ־Ϊͳһۣһͬʱ߱͵
ӡgeonȤתԸ˹ٿν
ʱѾʽĹۣԱԼһİѧʡ

ˮ¥̨֮ÿѧڶ밮˹̹ǰʹһÿΣΪϵĴ
ʦѧṩѵõӴᡣ˹̹һνα
ȥһǰڻΪоۿϡǵĻȴܿת
ѧѧǸŴӻѧĲʱ˹̹ʵ
һֻڹ۲죬Ҳı״̬ô

ÿһѧоأHugh Everettͬѧһ
һ밮˹̹档ȴǵĵһδ򽻵11ǰ
ֻ12İ˹̹дţһ޽⣺һ
赲һƶʱĽ֣˹̹Ͱػ
ţʵﲻڲ赲򲻿ƶ壬ŵȴһ
ɹؿ˷ԼΪ⹹ѵľǿк

ʽìܡǰСĳȤ̴ѧѧ
ϰڼ䣬׫дһƪ֤ϵ۲ܴڵģиɻ߼
Ϊ֮˹ٺȤҲڸڵѧϵר
Ȼطչ롤ŵ괴ʼĲۣgame theoryϰ
صĿζ˱ҵ󽫲õսϵ־

˹̹ѧ۵˰صעҲ
һƺ޽ۡʱѧĲصϵԸ⡣
ȻأѡΪʿʦ벣һʱоҪ
սȨɳʵס

ǣ롤ŵͲķĽ̿飬ʼԼѰʵס
˰˹̹Ǿ䷢ʱǡڷ롤ŵܽĸ籾ڹУ
ûĲѧ޴̸밮˹̹һؾ
ⲻ˼顣ѧĶӦһΪĿ͹ʵڡ

롤ŵѧֳȻͬḶ́û˲ʱ
ϵͳĲѦ̷̡ƹĵ˷̡ݱ䡣һ
ƽȷĹ̡ʱڵ̬ĲͻȻ̮
һ̬һѡͻȻḶ́Ѧ̷̣
ȫûκѧ߼ʵֻǲͷ롤ŵ˿տڰ
Ķԡ

ðزĻҪȷֹ۲ߺͱ۲Ķ
󡣲϶۲ھĺ磬۲΢۵磬
μ۶ѦǸ±΢۵ķԭ۵è
һȻվסšͬķĿ΢ۺͺ
ͬɣһ硣

һĳʵʩ۲ʱȻֳ֣綼
ӵļϣֻй۲Լءѡţ°۲Ǹ粢
䲨̮ڰؿѧϵġΨ塱
solipsismֻԼʵڵģһвá

ڿѧϺվסš޹ֺ˹̹ᷢʣǹ۲һֻ
Ҳһ

ʶѧìܣֻг׵߸籾ڹ
ƽƽΪεۣ͹ûй۲뱻۲ϵͳ
֣Ҳڲ̮ôһûκ߼ֵ֤֧

Ѧ̵ĸ±ķԭӡǸҩƿ
Ӻèһ𣬳Ϊͬһϵͳӱ֮ǰ
Ĺͬķƽݱ䡣ֻ˴
ʱŷͻȻ̮֮һڲȫͬľ磺
ߡ

ΪҲһûиҲûбҪķҰӱһ
壬ڵèͬڵ໥¾һ
ͬһϵͳ˴ӵĹҲǹвݱһ֡
ΪڵĹ۲ߣݱȫѦ̷Ī
̮

ƶ֮涼һͳһġ沨
universal wavefunction֮Сʱʱ̡̿ԶԶѦ
̷ƽݱ䣬̮ᷢ

粻ɡʱҲͬһλоصĺѺ
˹ɣCharles MisnerһȤȻоۣϣܲ÷
·ֽľӻǺܿһ⣺
ʱһϵͳôܻڵĹ۲ߣο
Ĵڣܹʵʩ󶼻ֻųֵĽɫ

ص沨ʱ򡣻ĶܵѧƵ
Ϊʵ۵ЧߡȻͬʱҲΪ
Ϊṩڹ

沨ȫѦ̷ݱʱӵţٵľһ
ȫȷģپ߱أϵ۹ȻӡҲ˹̹
֮Ϊ֮οȴʵʹ۲ԭ˥䡢
Щʵ¼

ҳһ׵Ļơ

ڵ̬еĲʱݱʱһǱԣҲ
ںıֲ̬桱ǵؼݱ䡣ʱ
ζҲ֮ѣɶΪ硣ÿĲֻԭ
̬еı̬֮һĳЩǻῴĳԭӷ˥䡢ĳ
ԭԷط˷䣻һЩУǿȴ෴Щ۲
ȡڸӵеı̬ЩֵĿȡڸñ̬
̬ռĳɷ֡

Ѧ̵ļУӱ򿪵˲һΪ
еһУǿ﷢ԭ˥䣬ҩƿѾ飬
èȥˡһУȴһɶû

է֮£ԵķƺȲ̮Ϊͻأֲ
ȴǲݻȻ״̬߱κͻȻı䶯еࡢ
ﲻķ֮ĲͬΪ֮޷ͨϢҲ
֪ԷĴڡ԰˵ؼ̲ڲķ
۲ߵĴڣҲͲҪΪ뾭ķ롣ӵ硪
˵硪ȫһΪĿ͹ʵڡ

ʫ˸˹أRobert Frostڡδѡĵ·The Road 
Not Takenипɭ·ʱֻѡһȥ޷ͬ
ʱһ·ķ⡣֪ľֻһѡ޴ȫ


ڸ籾˹ƺͬʱ·ȴֻ
һþºӣʱͻᷢʵֻеһ


ڰصУ˹صĵȷȷͬʱ·ʱѾ
˹أǷֱڲͬ˲ͬ·Ѧ̵è
졣ֻ˹ر˴÷룬޷֪һеԼ
ǲͬ·ϻõĸܡǻȻ֪ԷĴڡ

տذܹʱһΪĵϸγ
amoebaʱëȻ˼֮Ϊ
籾ڹ͸롣ʹǼѧ󵨴²ʱ³ɹĻ
ҲóȻΡɵϰߣѰĳĸ
ġᡣУСطƪΪûԵĲ
ѧWave Mechanics without ProbabilityֻһĿ
дȵ޸ġ

˹ȻŻڷ첣ģʽĸ籾˹̹Ӱ
ȴ֮ȥӷķأƺһֱ뾭ѵ
ؾܾ˰ص顣籾ӪǸΪҡ
ָ𰬸صĶһٲΪûѧĲۣäĿ
սһȫûļȶ֮档ŷ޷ʵĻᣬ׸籾
ϣ˵ǽ沨ĸҲֻǹܴɡ

Σջص˹ٺ밬ؿҹдġڻյָ
£˱γɾȥȫڹ
ֻ֣˻͵沨ӦѧƵ޸ĺĲ
ǿķѣֻһ߼Ŀܡ

ػջյĽ齫Ϊѧġ̬
"Relative State" Formulation of Quantum Mechanicsһ
ƽĿȻģԼдһƪ¼ʽģΪ
صṩԼĽ͡ˣѾ˵Լص˼
ʵ籾ڹͲìܡ

19571£һȺѧڱɴѧڵĽɽٿ
۹ۡٴγΪ֯ߣȥ˹ɵһѧ˹
ȥѧǴλϣճָۡ̽ʵʿ
ԡ׽Ĺ£֮ĻɭĹִ

ûиᡣΪ沨ԻյоҪ
ǵڻɢҲߵۡ

ǰԲķȤȱȱķ沨Ҳ֮ͬԱǡ
ҲûпϵʦյġӡۡǴλϣؽ
JohnĳɷGeonָ沨
ʷгֵÿһ֮棬ͬʱͬʵ
硣ڷһԵѡ

Ҳǻ֯ߵĵάأBryce DeWittΪ༭ļΪר
ڡִۡ־ϷΡϸж˰ص
ģһ˼޷ܡΪĲϷѻԽԽ
磬ѰصΪڹ͡many-worlds 
interpretationͻյĸһս۵ļ

֮󣬵άδָдһⳤţϿް
˼άϽ߼ͬʱҲƵƵɡǵѰ
أұ˾ʹûиоԼͻȻѳҡ

ؽӵľ޽еӦһ̵Ĵ𸴡
ߵάֻһղ˸İ汾ȫɥʧ˼
롣ڶڹͺ󣬰طѵάأ٤ʱ
Ҳ˷̫תۣǴûиоԼŵ
µ˶

άĺȻһ





ڱ༭
Уԣ 
󡡸壺ƽ̫Ӧҡ硢ꡢʡ
֧֣塢٣졢
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.orgxinyusi@yahoo.com
У˿磨New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
Ȩ˿У°ȨУת뱾ϵ
桡http://www.xys.org
http://newxys4.com
˿վµϣxinyusi@googlegroups.com

