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λݳˡԺҪݳˣѾˣҵúú
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12/09/2021



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ǸطǸطûУģԲԣľܳ԰ǿ
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2019

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ϸʦֻҪų⣬ƾģûġ
ҲѯƵĸţеľ
ָЩЩǷͨϸʦϵģ
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Уῴƴ׵ʦԻߵ԰
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ʦͻ߶л˰οҸУȻߵʼûеõ

߰ʦԻߵΪ࣬԰飬ǿ
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һн񱡢һҪϴ40ֵʦӴһݡ첻ϴ
ĻߣŬؿƺͷԼԻߵ񣬱غģȻ
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һоҽͼһòŮ񲡻ߣÿ컨ʱ
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𽥻ָ罻ܡ

һŮ߸ովһαǿ飬绰Ůʦе绰
ѯλǿ֢Ŀ̰ʦ趨ĹƱҽС
߲ûаʦֻǸԼ˽飬
ʦֲʲô¶Ҫռȶǡƽʱһϲ
սˣʦжܾ˻ߵ󣬲Ϊ˸
˴ֹۣƣʦϣ˼ǧԪ⳥

һɵĻ߸ľɵʦҲϲ
ķͽ͡ʦȻÿʱԻͽͣ
Ŀʧ֮һΣ߼ŭһʦ
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ʦһֻȥˡװԼѾ򣬸ʦ
ԽҪķͽ͡ʦܸˣԽԽĽ͡
أ߷ûǮˣʦǷǷѣʦʾ⡣
󣬻Ƿ1000Ԫʱ˳ƣȫ㳥ʷ
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ḻȫ棬¡һʦܹЩôԳƵ
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Ƶ뻯󣬽ֱܺЩ󣬲ζһ
ʦԷɺͽͶԼԼҪǡǡ෴ʶܸõع
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еЩ󣬲ǹġżȻģ䱳̵ԨԴ
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ΪһʦͶ¼Լ
ʦĴҲԼƹеĴе
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ȫ԰Ĳͣǰٷ֮ٵľӽǡʮƳ
¾ۣʾǡͳ֪ΪʦӦľǾ
ػȥ׷³º;۵ǷǶԴʷ
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2020.02.19


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ڽ̣ͬʱ˵ľڽۣ˵ÿ۵㶼Լ
ֱָ࣬Ҫ

ǵǰʱҵĲյһ˽˵ҵһЩ£
ҵĹ۵ڽŶ䣬ʱļֵ˵ҲԿ
ѧڿڽ̣ȴ̸ʲôڹۺޡ

̾ʱһ֡Դġҵġìܵġ
ûи˼롣

˵˼һ֡¡Ǽֱ̧ңٿһ
ҵɫŵ˼룬˼뷽ʽڹϣʱдͳҸ
չΨۺͿѧ

ɫŵɲʲôСףĦ嵽ʮ꣬˵Ħ
ͬʱˣǹϣѧɣEleaticsĴˡΨۡ
ΨۡĹ±˾ɫŵӰ졣

һ˵ϣѧңرҪƪһЩܶͽԱ
ϲĹ۵㡣

һʷѧĽǶĦһˣһ˼Һѧҡ
ڴ󲿷ַͽӽУĦֻˣҲֻ񣬶һ
ֳ֮һ֡ڡ

˵ڣʻܱӷǳĦѾ𾡵һ֡ڡ
֮һֳ޷״̬ 

һͽԤǰ֮£ԺԵ˵ͽ
̵׷һȽ͹۵ȥ˼Һѧҡ

Ϊͽ˼άУѾԤһ컨塪
ӵľ硣

⣬˼ҺѧңǵĹ۵ж̡
ɲж٣ڷͽУչǡ˵ǻۣס˵ǻۣ
ܱӺһڿ̴ʦǣǳʥİ
ǻ۾磨ߵǻ۾򣩡

޷⻹һ˼·ΪЩסѧ
ĵáͷԡ˼άóĽۣһֵͶ˵ľ
ǻܹ顢óĳǻᲢ
أ

ķͽȻģԾԾģѾǻ
컯ѳνǵǻۡ͡ǵİǻۡͬ
ˮͣβᲢ۵ʡ

ȻʵϣϣѧҶԶİǵ
Ȼѧѧңܵ·˹ɣOrphismӰ죬϶
ɫʣҲʵڤЩѧҺͻԾڷʱӡȴ
ϵĸʿơ

ϣѧұڽ̼ҡߡʿ˼ҡ
ѧҡѧҡѧһԪұ

͵ӾǱϴ˹Pythagorasǡѧһʵķˣ
ꡢֻء塣

ϴ˹ÿնỨСʱںڰĵҾҪЩҪ
ѧϰĵӣȾڤ룬꣬Ȼſͽصúܡ

൱ʱձʢڱӡȵŽ̡ɳš̵е˼ۣ
˵ֻءǣЩһҲС

˵ˣĦѧ˵ûбڽ̻ĦǸʱ
һλΰѧңǽ

˵ҾԲкܶҪ֤ϡ
ܶǻҪеħѺʶ

ֻѸ˵һ֡һ˵
ͬʱֺۣ֡زֲ֪ɽ⣬Ȼ
֤һˡִԵķ˼άͺγڽ
塣

һʼڽʵΪĦɮŸǵ
ʱϣѧѧɣһڽ̣ϾĦ͵ǲûȥ
ĳҲûиڽʽ

ֻںĦѧϵˡڽ̻ˣĦ᱾Ҳ
񻯡ˡ

ִǰ£Ħкԭͨӵ
ѧ⣬ںȻȻҲͽڽ̻ʥػͲ֪
⡣ҿ֡ʥḶ́ƻĦĽ壬
Ҳϰͽǵչ

Ҿټӣ౻Ϊµۣ

˵޳

˵Ǿġ˵ĽŲ̤ͬһĹϣѧҺ
أHeraclitus 540 BC˵һﶼڱ仯С

˵ıǡС˵һв硰΢˵

ӿأDemocritus 460 BC)ԭ۵ĹϣѧңҲ
ɲи΢ϸԭӹɣ;Ҳһָϸ
ԭӹɣø壬߶Ͻѧ֪

Ҳר˵աˣĴաһжǡޡۡ

ϣĸ߶ǣGorgias 487 BCѧ˵ĺ˼˵һ
ڣдڣҲ޷ʶʶˣҲ޷׼ȷر
һˡ

߶ηǱȽϤľǣһбΪա
޷ϳĿɵǳ

̻˵УǿշУС

״˼ġޡƺҲ޳£Parmenides 515 
BCѧ˵Ŀܡ

̺˵Ԫأءˮ𡢷硣

գEmpedocles, 495 BC) ҲΪֻԪعɣˮ


ٱ̺ڷչһѧ˵Ϊ浱һ֡ԡ
ǡ

ϣİɿ˹Anaxagoras 500 BC) ѧ˵Ϊ
һʶһԡһзϣĽNous

У̺չġѧʵϺ̶ܴҲǹϣġ


˵ЩйѧĸʵڹϣȦ
Ҳзǳ̽֡

̹˵Ҿ÷кܶںʷзչĹܵ
Ӱ졣䣬ûϣӰ졣˸ԭ˴
˼ɽڹԪǰ327ӡȣҲ˸ֹϣ
˼Ҳڷһٶ꣬ʱڲɷ̣ѧںȽ
ʱڡ

Щǵ˼͸ڷ̺ڽ̻
Уݱһ֡ʥϵЩ͸۲Ȼ˼ó
Ĺ۵㣬ɷáͨ۲쵽

Щͱüض£һȨһҪ㾴η
սһ޷۵⡣

еֿڣž·

˵ǻ۾磬ɸˣĸߡѧҲѧ
Ҳڽ̺ȻҲ

ҾֻзŶҺҵĵʦҲܶ˭
˵涮֪Ͱ

ʵڷУƵĸкܶ࣬˷ǻ۲ͨ
ۣĴȱҲͨĴȱİҲרƣС


˵ģû˵ǻó¿ķ굶һ
ӣֱǷͽһְȻҲǷ̵⣬
ڽ̶Եġ

Щ˵Ҫеǻۣϣһַ˼
˼ܷ񿪷ŷЩѾر໯ĸܷӿеЩ
ʵ޴ڣڹŴйѧҲС̲ûԼ
еĶձǻ۵¢Ȩ

һ˵ܲܡȥʥƽĿӺ˼
˵˼Ǻ˸ڷ˵ϣ

ǻٽһ׷ʣܲܽĦ
ͬʱѧʵһǡˡǱ˴˵֪пͬһˮƽ
Լľޡ

ܽѧҵǻۣͶﱾʵʶͬ
ƵҲпȷӸļ⣬ôǾʹԭԤ
ͷϵơ

˵ѾԤˡӵǻߵġ͵ͬ
Լǻ֮̽·Ԥȸһе컨壬ͬʱر
ԡôǻ֮·һʼܾעһ֮ͨ·

ܶʱǶˣĦ˵ĿģҪж
£㽲¡˵ĿģҪѵף㶮
ȥһȨ

˵رɫŵĵ㣬ȷʵңһֲͬ
άڽڵĿ⡣

˵һģһڽһȨĸڵ
סӡԼһȣڲͬ

رϲɫŵỹһ㣬ǾĻ˵úף
֮ͬǰոʱڵѧңɫŵ˼û
ԼʱȻѧɵġۡҲûһνѧɵġ
ۡ档

ɫŵǧǰڽʱҪڽ
δΣ˵ģʹŵڽ϶ʱٿǰ
ᵽĵ㡣

һɫŵεʱĹϣ磬ͬĻĳǰ
ʷϵһ˴񣬲
ˡѧҡע⣬˵⻰ʱǿǧٶǰ

ȤǣĦȻû˵˴ôֱ׵Ļǣ
ӵѧ˵ǱӵģΪǵһ֮˵ġʲô
˼ҲɫŵĻԼƷ

ڶɫŵΪڽȱģ˵ţʨӺ͸
Ҳû滭͵ܣҲţʨӵģ

˵ǺƤӵģþ͸ɫ
˹۾ͷһ

ɫŵỹ˵ͬʵֻӳԸ
Ҿ˵̫жˡ

վǧĽ죬ǿԿøй˵й
ףʽ·ϷҲйгʲô
«ӡ

ϣ˵ףӡ˵ӡסڽ̵ȥ
Ƕ೤۾ֱۣҲƶ䡢ֺһЩĶ

ľеһûµũȥʹ
ܻܿڹƽĸͷҸڸһ

󣬷ֱһ䣬Ǿ;Բ

ɫŵ˵ڽ̲ܽĸ꣩⡣

վڽĽǶҾʵȶһõڽĽ
塢ʽɺΪȷʵ԰ǰң˻ø
øá

ɫŵ˵ʲôأ

޷潹ǡͬʱҲ塣

ɫŵ˵ڽ̲ṩŽ֮Ǻ˵
ڽǹȡģȥǰ棬棬ٲȻΪ
ͷԼȥη

ڽͽУν񣬾һɾ޴ֻǱ
׵ڳһһִܡܵıʲôǶ
ǲġν塱

ɫŵῴڵʱڽʽĹУֻʽͻ¸
ͲҪںͳ˼ڽ̣ûԵġýĻ˵
Religious  Spiritual

Ҿվɫŵʱ¿ЩŴڽ̣˵⻰˵÷ǳ
̡

ʹڽ죬ҲԿڽġ塱͸
ƹĸ±ҡ

ЩһСǮȥͿʩһ֮֡
ССݶһĻ˭Ը

ȻĪСΪ֮Ҳ˵û¡˲һȥ˼
ЩӦ⣬ҲôںΪγɵг¸
ȥץӦǡ¡⡣

ͳɫŵ˵ģл¸ʵڽΪ

˵ڽԶĿʼ⻰Ҳûе

ģرһǣɫŵȻۣĴڣ
ֻһǲġġΨһġȫ֪ȫܵġ

ֿչĻͺܴˣһҪ̸ѧ
Ļ⣬ʱȷһߣδһȥ̸

ᵽɫŵ˼˵һ㣬һ˼롢
ԡˣδҪʹʥȨڽйءڽһЩ
ܶʱǷԣԣġҲҹᴩƪҪ
Ĺ۵㡣

ôڽ̹ۻҿúܡ

ˣһ˵ѷѧѧϾλһַ
ߣӸµ̬Ҫָѧ㣬ҾǺܿɱġ

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ӾĹ£һ

                       ̡ʡ

һȰ칦

1930꣬Upton SinclairԷѳһΪ
ߵ硷Mental Radio飬ӱֳĶ
Ӧȶ칦ܡԼһЩ飬֤ӺһЩʿ
ȷʵԡδġСԳԽʱվ޻
硣ϣܹѧҵȤչΪϵͳо


ڵ¹档עĿһƪ԰˹̹
ǰԡ

˹̹1931һεϼݷʱʶġ
µļĦࣨͱĹ
ʮһ˹̹Ҳȳɼ
ӴһƬ롢ӴļѧԺԺͷۡ

£˹̹ͷ˰ɯſ˹ͼѧԺ
жһ칦ˣ˸ĿĹ
ݡ

˹̹׫дǰΪ˸񡢳˵ʾ߲
ƾ졣ҲûȷǺĿõǷʵӦ
²ҲĳʶĴЧˣΪҲǺ


ϼʱ˹̹ҲжͲ˹ƪһԹӴ
ݳġ벨˹ɭEPRĵǰࡣ
ӵ˹̹ԽԽؼʶӦһ޵ĹȰ
áͬؾò˼顣



ʶпܴڡȻ칦һبأ
ΪȻ۲ߣѧҲִ˲ƣǵ19
ͽʽ΢ţ١˹ΪĻе۶ɧʱ
ѧȷȻԵϵκķԵ
ɣԱʵʵع۲졢ʶȻУ಻ܽƾƢ
ǧ֮˷ˣҲӦʽȻϵĴء

19ĩѫѧֻʣʱ
ѧҵֹ۴ﵽױȵĶ塣Ҳǳڶϸɵĳм̺
˹̹еĳȻ֮Աһͬʵǿ̬ȡ

Ϊƣ˹̹20ͳۺӸ
ԵظıѧҵۡϣѧеԺͲȷ
Ҳ֮ͻսͳϵ

1936ʱԼҲһѧרʱɭ
ֱĽ̿ѾꡣԼٵû졣Ǳ
ҲһһרŽӦʵ飬Ϊѧעšʱ
ԼڻͶѧɴͬʱֲѧJoseph Rhine
ġѧparapsychologyо²

1930꣬Ķſ˴ѧһоģרע֮Ϊ
й֪extrasensory perceptionESPʵ֤úų
칦ܵԶ²Լȡֽϵͼ񣬷еĻ
ʹǷֱУ԰ڲͬ¥Ϊ֤
ܹгԽռĳй֪༴ͨƵĵС

20ͳ˼ķ벻ѧҲͻͽ֮
С£Sigmund Freud19ͺڴľѧ
Psychoanalysisʱ𽥳ΪʱУ㷺ע⡣

ΪӶŲ̶ͬȵ⣬˹̹һȶԸ
йȤΪͬʱ֪ʶӣҲýй˼
档˹̹˵ѧֻǳֹûѧ
Ӱһλѧҡ

1912صʿѧԺνʱ˹̹Ҳٸ
ʶٸƵļϣ˹̹ʼۡʱ
չÿÿÿǸ棬ͬٸ

ٸһǸµ֣ʱѾֵ븥ǿ˵
Էͬٸڳľνġʶ
unconsciousԴΪԼķѧAnalytical 
PsychologyǿԴĻͳļʶΪΪǱ
һδʶϵ,Żʹñ˴˲ɵ˼ϲһ
¡Ҳ˹̹ǳԽάռάʱṩһȻ
;

ʱ˹̹ԼҲδʶбֳĹȰ㳬ã
ûӾĸ

ٸʱ20͵ִѧ²֮Ե1930
ΣѰٸʱһ֮ϡ



Ӯŵ˳ػǲϰ˹
ƽʽ1946صΪŷ޴еʿ
˵꣬ԽԽǿҵС

ʱʼѾ⡣ǲֻΪۡ
ĽܳסӵһӰεġЧӦߵʵ
еͻĪĹϡһΣ͢ʵҷը¹ʣ
Ҳԭֻܹһʱ̣ŵĻǡڸ
վ̨ͣ

ֵġԭӦΪۼҵʵ鲻ݡ

ȻѧҲƵġЧӦҲѧڲ
٩Ͳ෹֮ЦϡԽԽȷɺϲƽ
гȻϵǣٸıϡ

ѧչ1920йһЩż𽥱ɵģ
Ϊѧ塱֪ʶӵĳȤٸ
ж˰׾̫ҽּлȡС͵
̵ġ˺һΪʶȻػΪӣγɹͬļ
ʶ֮֡

Ҳʵֶ֤й֪1930꣬ٸʱԡ
synchronicityһֲϵ໥ϵƽĻ
ǾʱզɺϡٸЩɺ֮Է˼
ʵΪ䱳ŸΪ̵Ĺ

ĳֺʵ𻵾ͿǹʱԵһ֡

1947꣬ٸʵ˵룬ʿԼоջ
ﲻõŵߺٸֿѵ˫ΪоĿ
ɡĳϯ⡪СĺһԴйľ»ƿ
Ļʱ׵شӼ׹ˤ顣

ٸֽѣѰЩѧҡʶ
еġԭ͡archetypeҲ編ƣ17Ϳա٤
Ե˵춨˵ļ̡ΩΩФٸԼǸʱ
ĵξֵľʱӡ

1950ʱٸĹʱԸڸһнȻ
ϵʽܽһԪͼ֪ʶ
޸ģ˶˺ɵĹϵͼͼУռ䡢ʱ
ԣʾȻ硣ͬʱϵҲٸǷĹʱ
ԣһεĹʽԼһʵнʾĳй֪
ַϵı֡ս֮רΪ֤
ɴ⵳ԼڡɻָĺˡԼ˵ػѧλ

ٸ˼ʮԽĺ1952ճ˶꣬
ˡȻڹ͡The Interpretation of Nature and 
Psyche

ЩξУһƺиϵ
йŮʿ˼⡣



ɺ϶ѧҲİ1939꣬ά»ĵ
ŷȻһ˵ɺϣ֮ĵ໥
֮õ10^39ҲǡСӴСȵı
139ĴȻͬʱ߶ȡС߶ȡ໥ǿ
Щɵıϣ졣ߣӡӵ
ҲΪ10^7810^39ƽ

Ϊһδ֪ɡһԿ챨ķʽ
ͽȻ־νġ衱large numbers hypothesis
һЩѧҵĺ棬ѧ޸޾ݵĲ²ȴֻг
ڸ籾˼ʱ߽٤Īİ칫Ҿ棺
㿴˽ĺ

ͬڽŵѧҰѧĺҲַŨȤ
õӡĹ㡣жӵĩƵƹ
ԭģͼʱֵġϸṹһӵɡ١
ʿ˳ս糣ЩȻɵһֵ
ЩеĵλﻥΪһ١Ĵ֡
˲Ϊλѡĳֵȴɿѭƺֻһ
ֻĵǳӽ137

ΪϸṹеӡŽܵϵ
־ϸṹӦþϸ1/137Ա֤ļ򵥺гź
ӵ綯ѧļԽԽȷʵʲûܳȫϣ

195812£ΪʹȥҽԺƺ137ʱ
ʶԼ 



20ǰǳΣʱͬ1950ξ
ӦʱҲûͳо˼ǣСԤ˥
΢1956걻ʵ֤ʵΪһɹ

Ҳڼ701955꣬׳³ɹѧ
һͬѰϸԳԡӵĵɵıɴ
磬ıɴ磬ͬʱҲռվӰҷתʱ䵹
ôɻᱣֺ㶨·δЩ任

ѧзֱɹcharge conjugation
ơparity͡ʱ䷴ݡtime reversalı任Ķ
CPTԡ

ΪɵҡʱȺжֻʣ
߱壬ѧձΪʹǷֱʵʩ任ҲӰ
պͷǸӼʱ˶ĵӱһCT任
ȴֻܴѧ֤任ͬʱʱĶԳԣͬ϶
Գκθı任

Ȼĵڶ꣬ȴ
˥໥вᱣֲ䣬Ʋغ㡣ʱ֮Աǡ
簮˹̹ϵӣϵۻ볣һֲ
ҪΪ´עʱ⽡ۣChien-Shiung Wu
йŮԡŶѾͨʵ֤ʵԤ⣬
пػںгԳƵۡڸ˹ƷĻУ
δ¶עΪȴ䲻Ǯơ

Ȼ໥вغ㣬CPT岻Ȼ
ȱû㡣ʧȴ׽ʦܺɭ

˹ٸߵоԺŴδܰ˹̹ĳԺͳһѾ
ȫʧȥġ̵ָϵ۷ֿ˵Ķ˲ӦȥϹϡ
What God has put asunder, let no man join together1957꣬ɭ
ҲͶѧԼͳһۡ統һμʶ
ʦܴӺϴصľѧû˿Ŀ̱չ˺
Ѧһһٽð˹̹޲ߵ⡣

19581£ѧŦԼдᡣӦԶ͵Ҫ⽡
ΪרݽҲĲͼѧڻüһ
ãȡ²ؽͺɭۡϣݽе
ԥ߽ʶʵסϯϣĴ
ɭʹеظоĿһֻ߹Ķڻȥ

ڵ¹ĺɭȻʮ㡣һݽ󣬵¹ıֹֽ۵ر
˺ɭ֡͡³ɾͣðɡæ㷺ظ
ѧͬдţѾ˳뺣ɭĺѧϹ뺣ɭ
ۣΪڮ١ʦֵܼʮĸȫѡ

ףʹסԺ󱻷ٴѾ޴Ķ
137Ųǣ58ꡣ

ɭûгϯʦֵ

Ķ⽡۵ʵ

1956Ʋغ㣬漴Ӯ1957ŵ
ٶȱΪŵе漣ʵӦǳȴѾΪ
޽С

ŵǸΪϤİ˹𼦰ٻһһȵ
ָҪǡȥһСܳĹסʵ
УίԱһ߼ÿ߲˵涨һȴʱЧ
Ҫš˹̹ڹЧӦķʮ֮ý
1945ʱΪýɵĲԭѾ20ꡣ

ѧҲûȴΪȴű󽱺
ӵĩƺͲʮ֮ԺΪĩ195182
ȥվδԸӮʷϱࣨ84Σѧҵ
١

һֱδѧɭͬ񽱶ڻĲ1954޵
ʱҲѾ34ΡڹȷͻĹף
ĻԵȻǡѧоĹףǲͳڹ͡
Ѿǽӽ30ǰĳɾˡ벣һƾѧ봴
ѧӳ۵Լֻõ޼ûܻ񽱡Ӧܵ
Լɴʷۡ

ýʱѾһλ72ˡǰӰѧݣ
սĵ¹ꡣ



Ħ˥ʵ֤ʵƲغһ
ʱ⽡ѾڸױǴѧĬĬŵطʮꡣ

⽡1912йաһӽĸĸ׻һ
ŮУŮŮܻܽ⽡ۺϾĹ
ѧƱҵ㽭ѧоγ̡

1936꣬24⽡ھɽɽۿϰĿĵԶ
ѧ׼ȥ﹥ʿھɽɽڼ䣬Ҳ
йõԬLuke Chia-Liu YuanйʵۡԬ
ӣͬ²ι˸ĲУ԰

ʱڳΪ±Ĭĸ籾˹
Ernest LawrenceҲչȻĺʵ顣⽡۱⳯
˵صԱӺȻıƻ
˹ףEmilio Segreָ¿ʼоġ
˹׺ֱ19391959ŵ

⽡ɼòʿѧλͬʱҲΪ˥ʵרҡ
ڲ²ʿо1942꣬ѾתѧѧԺʦ
Ԭϲļо˻񡣻󣬷һ
Ǩ

1944꣬⽡۲μ˸ױǴѧ֧Ԯٹ̵оĿ
ԭӺ˽ṹ˻֮ȵ׶سΪͬ¡ڲʱһ
ҲսӦгֵһ⡣

ս֮󣬸ױǴѧȵ쵼¼ٳΪȵʵġ
⽡Ҳû뿪1952ΪڣǸױǴѧϵһ
ְλŮԡ

ڲҵʱķѾ׷±Ĭʱûʲô
ķ1957ע⵽ѾΪ˵⽡ʱԼѾɫ
òķȤĲǦ˥еƲغ㣬ȴ⽡۰ǰһ
עСʵ顣



һӶɵӡɵо
򵥵ġԭӡһӺһԸɻ
γɵġءpositroniumһӺһɵ
ԭ൱ΪӵͬС1800౶޷ͬ
Լӡͨ㷢ܹҲἫ䲻ȶֻ
0.12루0.000 000 000 12룩ǵӾͻụû
ΪһԸܵĦùӡ

ڵʱ£ûʵܹ׽ôһ˲ŵĴڡ
ͨѰͬʱƫйĵĦùж
ԭȣĴڡ

1949꣬⽡۴оŵIrving Shaknovڸױǽ
ʵ飬֤ʵյԤ⡣ȷе˵֤ʵֵ£John Ward
Ԥ⡣ֵºţѧĲʿʦ˹Maurice Pryceڻ֮
˸ΪϽļǵĽԡ±༭šĿ챨ʽ
195011յġۡ־ϡʱķ˹پдǱ
籾ڹ֮ɵġۡõ±˹̹EPR
顣

ķ1955ڰɫкܿʱתֵ
ӢһѧԺƸ롣ȻȻ޷Լܹѧ
ţػŷͬɽĿѧͥ

ɫǶ̶̵ջᡣսԼĵӣ
ҸؽɼҡһλаŵYakir AharonovıҲͶʦ£
˿ʼϵĿкѧҵ󣬰ŵŲķӢ
ʿѧλ

Ϊ˲ѧǰ̣ķԼ£ֻ֮ڡо
ѧ漰뾭ѵۡڲ漰
ѧڹ͵ġȫзֵųһԭδ֪ν
ŵ-ķЧӦѧ൱ĺ䶯ͳ־õĿȤ

ķҲûȫŵԡ⽡ۺŵ̵ʵ鱨ʱ
ԶͻȻΪ֮󿪡

ǰġۡУķΪ˹̹EPRṩһ
ΪࡢһԵӡջɸܹתʱ
̬֮ᱣŻľʹѾ˴˷˷ǳԶ

ķ⽡ۺŵʵôһʵ飬ֻӲ
෴ͨӲӡӶԣͨӵ
ûһµĹӡǶԹͬʱȻͬһ
̬ΪǶغ㣬Ҳ෴ķ룬ͬʱŶ
ߵľ

һҲ⽡ۺŵƫ̬
ķͰŵһһѧʷϼΪĲΪѧ
Ұѱ˰ǰʵʵʩȻͬ·óʵ
̲ӵȷھ״̬Ľۡ

ǣķ밢ŵ1957귢ʯ쾪ʽð
˹̹ǣҶǵĹȰ㳬õĵȷȷеʵڣѾ
۲쵽ֻǵʵʩʵ⽡ۺŵԴ˻Ȼ֪ŵ
ʵҵͶʴ֣þڳս֮Ҳû˿
֮

ʱ˹̹Ȼš



һѦʼûнͳĸ籾ڹ͡Ȱ˹̹
ѦһֱǿҷԲĲʽֲ͡ʵʵ
ڣӸΪʵĲܻᷢĪͻȻ̮

1952죬Ѧڶ־еϵнһβԼ
ѧڹ͵ĿѧӲĿÿλ߲⵽
ֵ߲⵽Ǹֵ߷Ǵ˼ˡʵԴһֿԡ
ǲͬĲֵǻΪȡǿͬʱڵġ뷨
ʮַ񲣬ʿȻǾԵĲܡ

ףӢʷѧʷѧټѦ̺һЩѧ
׶أ׼ѧڹһ˼뽻档ȻѦ
̼β׷ѣòʩнԴϢ£һ
ᡣ֮׼õķԸ彻õġе߿ѧѧ־
British Journal for the Philosophy of ScienceĿһ
ĿĵʣԾǨ𣿡Are There Quantum Jumps?

ȻĴǷ񶨵ġˣѦ̻н
Ǹ˲ʱûѧݵġԾǨܣClaudius 
Ptolemaeusڸ˵֮ǰΪ˶׫ġ֡֡
ȷĸġͱĹ£֮Ѱġ
Ტٰۣڿࡣʱܹԭƻ򲣶ƪĻһ
龰ֻʷ

ֻܸͬ԰ѧ硱ڹ
ܵķӦڻպͲĺѹ£صıҵ˹ٺ͸
СȦ֪֮ܿ伣û֤ݱѦ
˵Ǹ֡ȻѧϸѦǸͬ
ֵͬʱڡķ뷨èͬʱĺͻģֻǷֱڲͬ


粣ķǶԵ²˼ĳм̺ƹ㣬صĶ
ڹѦ̲۵һС30ǰĵ²Ѧ
ڵάϱɭ˲ʱ
ѧ֮⡣30ĲķͰصһޣΪ
пᡣ



ڰ˹̹ȥ1955죬Ѧ̸˶ֺĸߵоԺ
ٶȻصµάҲɴѧνڡʱ67ڼ
ÿ¡ڻصӰİ˹ɽѦ̼źطԼ
СɽȻٲά裬Ҳܾصɽ档

һӰҲͬʱص֢ڲ
֮ʣԻѷͶϵӡѦϣ
µŮҲѳˣ֪ԼʵΪѪԵףѦ̽
μŮĻҲԼ

ʹ70ʱʽݺѦȻβؼѧ˼
дġʲôӦ¼󲿷ֵܱΪʵ
ʲôWhat is Real?밮˹̹һѦ̼Ļ
ʵʵڣʵھǲ

ûа˹̹ҪͨŶǱ곤Ĳ
196010£73ѦڸбԹ֪Ұ㣬ûκ
Ըıһ㡣Ҫúõظϴһͷվ˱𶯡һ
ٶκα籾ڹѾ㷺ܵΪʵ
ܡѵʷо˵ܿ
Լĺ˵˵ǰ

ºѦ196114뿪˼䡣

ѦȥʱĲѾѧı޿ΣҲǸ籾
ͳѧɻȱĸ֮һţٵĶѧ̲
ѧ֮⣬ġʲôһѧͶŴо
Ѿ1953귢DNA˫ṹɭJames WatsonͿˣFancis 
CrickѦ̷̺ͷδķѧķᱮ

ʱȻΪֻ֪˵è
ķĿѾʵ۲쵽Ӿ

άɵ

1962ֵ֮꣬ĿThomas KuhnдˡѧĽ
The Structure of Scientific RevolutionsΪѧ˼뷢չ
еġʽתơparadigm shiftⱾһʱ

ǹҵʿȡѧλרעѧʷ
ͿѧѧоʱѾǲĿѧʷڣﴴһ
ʷArchive for History of Quantum PhysicsĿ
һŶռѧԭʼϡ˹̹Ѧ
šץʱ䵱ɷõ²⡢ɭ˵Ȼ
Ȼ77Ĳ

1117գһ籾ļʿۡΪܳ
񣬲һѾоס30ꡣڹȥ
ѾĴΡƻҪܺЩ˲¼Ʋʷ

Ļǲ밮˹̹άڼۡſ
¼һδ˻ϻӡ

ڻعһսʱ밮˹̹һμʱĽ̸󣬲Թ밮
˹̶̹˵ǳѣΪ˹̹ڲϵ
Ѿÿһ۵ϱ֤ȫġȴܲˡThe 
whole thing with Einstein is so difficult to me because really 
Einstein had a lot of criticism, and he was shown at every single point, 
to my mind, that he was entirely wrong. But he did not like it.Ϊ
ԼΪϧð˹̹ƪEPRȫ˲
˹ȦסعǸ£˵ɭʵΪΪ
Ǹ顣ݲ֪˹ԼѾˡǿ
EPRеʵڲܹʲô⡣

˹̹ѾȥˡڲȻÿһ
ʱǲ밮˹̹ηӦȻ
ġƽ϶

ϣδĲںڰֻ˹̹32ǰڵά
Ĺ䣬Զ֮˼á޷Ⱞ˹̹Ϊʲô
ܻԭΪʲôһ̵ѧ

ڶ磬˯ͻȻһиϽ
¥ʱɷѾಡ御

ûĲɷüƻûܹ֪밮˹̹Ƿ
һٶط꣬˼뱲ӵۡ



˹ʵҲû񲣶ΪʵEPR۵㡣ֻû
˰˹̹ɭѧ粻Ӱ졣Ҳ1962꣬ڶһ
ѧԺνְĲ˹֯һѧ飬ѧĻ⡣
뵽˺٣дɫǰɭӢĲķȻ޷ع
ѧҲѾν̵İŵ

Ƚϳϵǵ˺άһ˹ٸΪС
طСۻ˷ɡ

տʼǾ𲨺̮һȫ
ۡȴû˽Ǹۣ밬ͬ
УάɡǽϵѾ뿪ѧİءҲˬ
ʱɻᡣ

ǰػڵʦѹ´ɾڱҵʱѾϵ
һĹоӦĲսԡսߡ
ʱĶǰ籾벣˵֣̽Ҳܳ˴֮
⡣δܳС

19593£ѾҵꡢְҵϵӦֵİؽЯȥŷ
еĻ籾ͼһòؽӴһ
޽ıۡϣضԻصùݣڰ̨ͳ̡
ҾƣԺ𽥸һոµͷʱ˼·Ѿ벣
աѧκιϵһŻԴ㷨
רΪҵش׵ͬʱԼҲ
ᣬΪһ̡

ڶϣĶڹ͵õۣҲ˶
ѡ



ѧͬݷʱ˻ϰԵؽΪά
á·һȡ˷ˡΪʵͷΡ

άɳ1902άҲɡǸ֮ǰһЩ̫
ȡľáλһ͵ĺۣά
֮ǰŷ롤ţTheodore von KarmanڼѧԺڼǺǮ
ѧɭ̵ּйѧĵʦŵѧߵºΤ
George de HevesyѧҲᣨMichael Polanyi֮
з롤ŵº̩ա˰ȺͳΪˡ
Ϊ˵ʲôﶼŨصĿѡһ
أ⼸ڳ֮ʶ뿪Ŵֿڸ


άɵĸƤﳧҵȻΪмҡķ롤ŵ
ԺգάҲڸĻг󣬶롤ŵͬһ
ѧ˶ᰮѧܿӰĺѡάɽ
ʶһ꼶Ļѧţ硣ʵĸ
׼£άɷѧ룬ѡ˸ΪʵõĻѧҵ1924꣬ڲ
ָ»˻ʿѧλ

ѧɹҵάЭ״ƤƵĹҵѾĲɡ
ڰѧڼ䣬Ƶ¹ѧĻ׶ʿˡ˹
ء˹̹Ͷ򡢺ɭָӽɽǸĵĳ
ʱٻ뿪˸׵ĹصͶоһ
͢ĩƵ֡

άֻȵС¡ԼСһ£ѧŪ
ͺɭҲֻСһꡣѾǸƽ¡ڸ͢
Լƹճֵĵ˷̣չӳۡ

롤ŵʱҲڸ͢ĵоѧҲͬΪ׻ù
ѧλٶЯ֣ͬѧѧ롤ŵ
1932Ǳ춨ѧ֤۲ܴڵĽ̿ʱ
άҲ˶ۣԼġȺۺѧԭӹеӦá
ѧͬʱάɽڴѧߵȺѧϵͳϽ
ѧеĶԳԡҲʱغĶԳƹ

1930꣬ʵ˹ٴѧͬʱƸ˷롤ŵάɣ
ǵѧʵλ֮ӱŷ޵ɴս
ҲȫԸͶٹ̡ԶԳоԭӺ˽ṹ
ӦͬʱάɻԼ汸Ļسֺ˷Ӧѵơ

ս1957꣬롤ŵΪ֢53ʱӢšλʮѡ
ͬӰ죬άһֱѧĸ籾ڹͣȻԼδ̤
оԳơûӵ롱롤ŵȥҲ
άɶǸڹвȤѧ⡱measurement 
problemάģ˹ͬ²ķ
һ˶ҡ

һ˹Ļ֮ǰһ꣬άɷһƪΪ
ʶ뷨Remarks on the Mind-Body Question
ġmind͡body˫غ壩ģϵͳر˶ѧͳ˼
ɡ



ڲ롤ŵĲУ۲ں磬ʹõǾ
۲΢۵磬ǵΪ۲췽ʽѡ졣
֮һ˴˷ĺ蹵ֻǲΪᵼ±ϵͳĲ
̮

Ѧ̴ޡǸ۵è΢۵ķ
Ԫ໥ŵĹͬͬӹɡǣΪ
ߵ˺ͱ۲Ҳȫ硣̮Ƿ
˴ӹ۲һ˲䡣ȻѦ̲Ϊè
˹̹󡪡ɲ̮

άɾ˵ʶԭֻоɵĿ͹
ѧһ΢ͬΣһλȥѦ̵ӹ۲죬
ȴ⡣һʱάɿԿ϶Ѿ򿪹ӣ
ȴȻ֪èǻԹۿ¼Ѵ
˽ֻ֡ҪԻ֪ʱȻ뿴ʵתʱ
ͬ

ǸʱǰﲨȻ̮èѾȥ߻
ţֻһάɵӺѹһϵͳ
ǵĲδ̮Ȼèȥѱ˺èšѸ˵ĵ
̬С

è͹άɺȫͬʶ
ǿȻͬġʵңάº֤
ѻʱΣˣ߸ˣȴδڱ
˵ĵ̬֮С

ǣάɶѵĹ۲ѵʵʾȫ

ڲ̮ؼڣ롤ŵĻҲԲ˵
°ļУǸѼǹ۲ҲǱάɣ۲Ķ
ڴӵɲѾ֪èҲ˱˻˵ķӦ
ڵĲҲһ̮ôʱάɻδ۲죬̮ܹ
Ǹ֮άѽ̸ʱΪάɻϢ
죩ŷ̮ôܹ֤ϢǿɿĲ̣
˶èķӦȫһ֮ǷҲּͬѼᣬ
Ѹɴû˵ʵ

άɿΪԿ͹ѧʶ
ΪӦһ⡣



ķۺӮùȷ
켣ŷΨ壨materialism籾
ѧڹͻ߼ʵ֤˼Ľ塣ι˧
ѧ۵ȷΨ壨idealismУķȴû
ܵõ֧֡ļʹʱѧ˱ᣬ
ں̶ܴеӰ졣

άûʶ̬ϣǲķķ档

ʱάɺͷ롤ŵ뾳ףֱˡȽ𡱡Լ
Ӣ֡ҲܿΪҳϰߣټƻ֮
̩այѧһⵯΪŷ޵ĸ
άǼᶨɣ˵ʱռıɡ

ͬʱҲһ쳣ǫ͵Ľڡѧһ˽֪ʵԶ
ά߹һšΪܻطһ
ִͨstubbornly reasonableˡҲάɵİ
£øΪصĵ˵һγ飬¼Ŀ
ʷ

1963꣬άΪԭӺˡϵĹףǶԻ
ԵķֺӦáӮŵӰһ¥ڰ˹̹Ѧ
󣬶ѧһʦĲ룬ֻǲķ
ص΢ᡣ

ȻάƪĵĽβҲ޿κεسԼǵһ
ˣ֮ǰǶһű񶨻ӡҲͬ
ˣֻȻٻ壬ֵٶ

ʵ1961һΪάɵѡʱû
вѦ̵èӡֻ˶ϵͳĲ̡
ƪ·һѧļдûм˵Ѧ̵ļ
顣

ֱ1965꣬ѧϣHilary Putnamͬ
˵Ѧ̺èһ˼һѧҿѧA 
Philosopher Looks at Quantum Mechanicsģɴѧҽ
ճ־õ顣൱ռ־ѧˡScientific 
American漴Խܡ30󣬡Ѧ̵èڿʼ
ʷĳ⣬ڵҰ




ڱ༭
Уԣƽ
󡡸壺ꡢʡӡƽ̫Ӧҡ
֧֣塢٣졢
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.orgxinyusi@yahoo.com
У˿磨New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
Ȩ˿У°ȨУת뱾ϵ
桡http://www.xys.org
http://newxys7.com
˿վµϣxinyusi@googlegroups.com

