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ӿգȾƾԽûкô

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXHQy29pE3o

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5o-x6l2Yn4

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1979.09-1983.07ʦѧѧרҵѧϰѧѧʿѧλ
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1987.11-1992.06ɶƼѧѧϵʦ
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1995.09-1998.12ĴϴѧĴѧɶƼѧϢ
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ҿѧԺԺʿ(16)ҡ˼ƻѧѧ˲(16)
ܳѧ(04)Ͱǧ˲Ź̹Ҽѡ(07)ܹ
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ʹѧ빤̹Ӣ־(06-)罨ģģ⡷Ӣ־
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ѧ³(14-)ĴʡҵӦѧѧ³(17-)
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ȻѧʺĿҿƼ֧żƻĿר⡢ҿƼоƻ
ĿȿĿ70˳ѧչ2йƼԵһ
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2020.08ԵһߣSpringerTaylor & FrancisElsevierѧ
ȳ35World Academic PressSpringerӢ
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ۡѧ̹ҵüרҵĲ˶ʿ
3702002Уʦ2015񱦸ʦصȽ
2019걻衰ĴʡʦƺšԵһˣ2013ꡢ2017
ֱĴʡѧɹһȽ2018ߵȽҼѧɹȽ
˵Ϊѧɹԡ

(XYS20230407)

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys8.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

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ߣҫ

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£һǣӵУ԰СѧѧҵУ
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ӾйġĸˣҺ̸̸֮ԼԽ
׾

1952꣬ȫУʵԺϵȫѧϰּңּң
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Ҹ㡰µĽǡΪ޲׼η񣬽
Ͷϡѱߣһ˿

1966꿪ʼĻˡɽȫָͣ1966
1969ѧ4겻1970꿪ʼйũѧũѧֻг
̶ȣеʵˮƽֻСѧ̶ȣܽдѧĻʵǸĻ
˽һˡ

1977ָ꣬߿ο˽Ĵĸ1985Ľ
Ƹĸ2000ǰĸУϲҵ

񣬽ĸ˼ʮֱ꣬20071024գʱ91
ԺʿȻɣĸ ·ںη[1]

ȥǳ˵ҪӰˡǣʷʵȴ
ŪйʼЩɷ⽨ʱǮѧɭǣ
Ȼ׷׻ع飬ЧԼġӰˡ
ȴ׷ܵŷհĵȷңȥʱİࡣ

˿˵ʲôӰˣᷨͲѧΪ
ѧоһûʲô׼ԣûҪǿʲôʹ

йѧѧ(¼ƿƴ)׽ҵƴ1958괴ġ
ҡϣԿ䡱ΪƴñȽϳɹ

һλƴ89Уҷ˸Ӣʼ[2]£

йѧѧй1949ߵȽʷϳɾ˾ġһ
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йѧѧ80йѧѧмӽܣӰƬн
ܵΨһһѧйѧѧйʷϵ̱һ
дйߵȽʷйѧѧ1958굽ҪĴѧ


Ҳ˵Щǿƴѧ˵ģΪݣ˭˵ԼѧУ
أǣƴıУѡΪԺԺʿıʸǧ֮һ߾ȫ
У֮ס

⣬2000-2010귢ĵʶȷȫ100
ѧУǰ5λ4λйƴУѡණһǶ
ϣģգ壩˳[3]
˵ƴ˲ǳɹġ

ڿƴѧϰ60ꡣһֱ˼һ⣬ƴɹԭ
ڣΪҲǿƴɹԭ

һƴġУѧУúá꣬ϿεĶ
пԺպϼôȡ޸ǮѧɭȵȴڣټУ쵼ȽϿ
ӿγõѧţȫڵģһɽ˵㡣

ڴˣҾһ˵ݻƼ䣬Ǯѧɭƴ1958ѧ
ϵۡĩԴ830ֿʼԣǿԣ
Ϳñʼǣҵ

һĿһǸ⣬ռ30֣⻹ȽϺڶ
ǳ֣ռ70֡磬Ȼûһ˽Ǯһֱڿ
ͬѧǡˣǮ˵ȥԷɣ緹ٿ˵ģ
緹˭ҲԲãһֱ⡣

ʱĿãڷص·ϣ˼˵⣬ûл
۵ġʱǶΪʮֳ飬еͬѧԾؿ
ɡӣ½λͬѧε࿼̧˳ȥ
ͬѧսһֱֻýˡԳɼ󣬾澹
95%ͬѧ

ʱ˭Ǯѧɭô̵ģ˭ǮѧɭĿ
ôģȻƼǿҵʱǮѧɭ˵ǵУӳ
ҵû˵ƼǾӳҵ˵㡣ӣ
˵ƴġУѧУúá

ڶƴġѧҲѧУúáУʼƴѧ
εȫǿѧԺоרңʱĿںǡȫԺУϵϡ
1970꣬ƴӱǨϷʣϿεרҶûϷʣɽϻ
ӳƴЩӾͳơˣ˭Ըоʲô⣬оʲô
⣬˸档

1980꣬һλ󸱽ڣ˵ʲô⣬
ʦͬ⡣ʦҪʲô⣬òʦʮйɾͣ
ѸϿеķչˣʹࡣƴͲ⣬ʱ
һֻǸʦѡʲôоȫԼ

ҿƴǨ󣬲µУϵ쵼ǵͬѧ໥ֱ˭Ҳ
Ұ쵼ļӣƴŨЩӡ
ڣǳѧɵͷƴѧɵķȻҲһһ´

ƴԵıѧУݡ

ƴһεί˲١ɡλΪ
ˣʵƴĽѧ飬˵ķ˱ʡơƴڶε
ίֱʡơпƴ֮չԣΪƴ
ݣԪᳫġݲпƴ֮չ

ڿƴѧϰʮ꣬ԿƴĿᡣڿƴһ
ûһûˣ͵ڿƴĿݡڴˣٽԼ
һ꣬ʮλѱࡶFLZļҺ͸ݵ
ࡣ

һ죬ҽӵϸɲĵ绰˵ǽʡ֪ͨҪǱͣ
ҵϸɲλҴ绰ͬ־ɣλͬ־Ӧǿ
Լࡣ쵼ҡȲ衱ʱҶνһӶлλͬ־Ŀݣ

ϸɲҴ绰ͬһ죬쵼Ҳšڶ죬
쵼ٴţҪʵ˵Ҷʮˣʲô
ɽģҾΪFLZ˲𣡡²ʶ»Ȼһȱ֪ƴ
Ŀݡ

ʵǿƴĴ졣Ԫִѧ
ԭ򣺡һѧӦǶĺģڶѧӦ˼ɺ
ѧɣѧѧ˼ҪӦɵλˣ
ƴֻǸԭ򣬰ɰѡ

ݺһֱǵһǣԭֳأŶٶ꣬
ͳͷŏΪʲô룬ضĽйءŵ
ǣĲڣڴˣ̸ǳ

һĽǽ̵ѧ˼˵[4]
ͳѷΪСѧ׫дĴ:ұ֤ʹҵ,ұ֤
չҵĶ˼,ұ֤ܽ,ӶʹԼܹжϡ 

ҵĳѧĪȷУʷϵƼʷԾ
ġָλǽѷѧҿ
(Carl Sagan)199274գڽѷʾâ޵Ķף뼮
ʽϵĽ

˵ԣҿΪһһξǲҪΪ
ӦñɡǼ֮Ҫйˣϣ
ǵӦðеݣҳŵҽҵ쵼
һС⵹ǽѷ˼롣ҳŵʹҵҳŵȥչ
ҵ˼ԡҳŵǿԼĽҾͿжϡ
ЩԵһ֣ǻǿЩŵġҿ
ЩŵǸǵĹҡ

Ȼǽѷ˵ģǿ˵ģСѧĴʣǹ
Ӧ¼ӵġߵıһ£Ӧ㡣

ǿɾҮ³ѧУڻش𡰴ѧҪ
ʱ˵ȣѧ˵Ҫκ鶼ɡڶѧϰ
ȻӦ⣬Ҫѧϰ飬ԵõϢشЩ⡣
Ƕ˼óԼĽۣѧζ˼[5]

ѧıǻɣֻɾ˴¾񡣶ǵĽҪ
ѧĸĻʦĻëϯĻĻҪ
Ǹⲻɣǲ顣

ڶĽǰɺĸͺСѧʱ˵ǡú
棡ǡúѧϰ֪ǴӸпʼץģ˴ѧ
ƴѧǡѧǿϳѧ4꣬
ѧڷܵ4꣬Ļƽ4ꡣ

ȻǵĽиںţҪϡСѧ׶԰
ʼץúֲܽϰΣѵ࣬ʹۻңСѧæò
ˡ

ǵĽǰɣ߿ǰùŬϴѧͷˡ
йĴѧϽѧܱҵйѧǷɵ4꣬
ܲ˲ŵ

ʵһԽҪģǰҪĽ
ǶģȨܸԤӢиĹ£ţѧӢ
ģ˺ܶǮ

УˣиͳֻԳɼи˽ڿ
Сԣѧۺʡ10ǰӢĳһŮ
֣Ǹ˾Ϊ˿϶ţ򡣽ڿС鿼
ʲУûҪԱҪԤΪƫԶò
һ

ӢҲţ˵飬ҲȥҲȥţ˵Ǽ
ĴͳѧУȨĿСĽۡǳʧһκͱ̸
ţ򣬾˵ţ̫ŰˣʱţѧʦԲǳ⣬
ȡ貼ʿֵòֺţû
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ӢͲȷʵԤˣû˵Ǯģ
ܲοءţѧҲ͸ôӲҲ
ӡȫֽ֧ҪѧУȥ쵽áѹţѧ
ڻһ[6]

ĴѧУϵζѧУȫȫƸεġ

ѧ 27У?Ĭ˹Ǵ400˵ĺѡС9µ
ѡΣνϸѡġ[7]

ѧ 28У³˹Ѱʱһ꣬Ǻεأ
ĴѧУģȡ[8]

ȨԽĸԤᣬʮĸϹھȨ
ԤĽƴǨȫȨԤĶ

ĸ￪źǵĽкܴչҺܸˣҲв⣬
˵ǣڴ̸ǳ

1.ҵĿںźΪǴġĿΪ
ȫʣһҺķչ˷ǳҪձάԺ
ӽս֮ձΪսܹǳѣձҧ
ӽн֮չ

Ҵ֪еɽӻҪѧ(ͼ)ǿ
ҷǳͬ飬ܲζȴܶǮȥҽϣС
ѧΪʲôѵĺӣ

ʮ˴֮ǿƴ˼ѧҵھסĶ
ѧһסһףһסһסҵķԼǮװһ
£ҾȫǾɵģһ¼Ҿ㶼û

װޣõܹʮⱲӻһ
ǮѧסķһѧУǮװ޵ģҾ㡢õ䱸ȫ
µġƴǮȫϰյǮ˰˵Ǯ

20183£»һƪ£ԺйΪѧĿ
Ĺҹ2018Ԥ嵥[9]е֪2018ѧ
Ԥߴ332ǧԪѧ׼һͨı
67ǧԪʿӽ10Ԫ

Ϊʲôǲܰ˰˵ǮԼĺϣѧ
ϣҺܲ⣬˭ܸһͣ

ũ塣1952СѧҵʱȥһСҵĳũ
ģΪũѧУҼҽĳеʦȳĳв

ǣũĽԴȳúܶܶ࣡1955ҳбҵʱ
ũͬѧȥûһ˵ũ񹤣ǵŮ
˳лڡ

1958Ҹбҵѧڷǰƽȣڣƴѧ
յ¼ȡ߱ȱҪߺܶࡣƾʲô¼ȡ߿Եͺܶࣿ
ڣǽ˲λܸһͣҪģҪ
ġҵݺļޣδȱ뵽Щҵ
ĺܲ

ʱСѧѧѧѶܱˣϴѧҪѧѡڣҵ
Ůһһ׶԰һҪԪҡ֪ 2017ȫ
˾֧Ҳ25974Ԫ¾2000һ㡣[10]

ƴУٻ˵һHope scholarship program, 
ҵBϣϱݹѧУѧѡƴУѳ˵
ѧƽѧѣ$8000 £ǣÿʵƽѧֻ $3500 
ҡ

Ҳ˵гһѧ˸ʽļ⡣ܶྭ
ļͥͲ֧ѧѡ˽ѧ˹̹ѧͥ$12 
£Ҳг룩Ͳ֧ѧѡ

ѧԺ൱ڹڵĴרÿѧӦ 1000 Ԫҡ
Ľѹϰϵһɽǽҵĺ
Ϊ߹ʣΪ׬ǮֶΣΥ˽¡

֪ǳ˵£Ӧܵʶ̬ĸ
šʷУ״˵и㵳ǵ¹ϣգ
㷨˹֯˸εڻҡ

ŲλϽңŲ߱ǻͽҲǹԱѧ
Ỵ̄Ҳ񵳽壬Ǳʦκθţѧ
Ϊ˸ǿѧϰ

ϴѧУ÷ҲһλϽңҲڴѧ
еνûοΡĸߵȽɹģ
˲ű

1941131գë󶫸ѧϰӰӢдһš
˵Ωһǽ飬ᣬȻѧѧϰ̸Щ
ΡҪ̸ģĿǰǱѧϰȻѧΪˡѧΪ֮ע
ѧֻпѧѧʣô[11]

ڣеĴѧѧСϢԱб꣬˵Ϣ
ԱԱСϢԱְרռʦĴϻ㱨˭
֤˵ҷȰͬѧǧȥϢԱȱµā~

ҹľýҵڲμӣףԣ֮ȫ򻯵ĵ·˹
÷չϷ򣬹ҵľʵȡѸ͵ķչɾ;Ŀҹ
ĽҪĸҪҪȫ򻯵ĵ·

ҵ֮ҲǴģð󲻻䣬󵨽ԡ
ǰŽ滰Ҳ롣ġǮѧɭ֮ʡǮѧɭ϶֪Ĵ𰸣
ֻǲԸͱ㴰ֽԶԶûǮǱͷԣֱֱȥ

죬ҲֻǻشˡǮѧɭ֮ʡһС֣ƻˡ
ҲشҪǲҼش

ëϯ˵˵Ӧ˽滰

ο׼ϣ

[1]ϿпԺԺʿģĸ ·ںη

douban.com/group/topic/

[2]յӢʼ£

USTC is the most amazing achievement in the historyof higher education 
in China after 1949. So it is not just about USTC, it isabout China. 
In the 6-hour document film "China, a century ofrevolution" made by 
Americans, there is a few minutes introduction t0 USTCin 80s. It is 
the only school introduced in the film. USTC is a milestone inthe 
history of China. One day if someone want to write a history of 
highereducation in China. USTC will be the most important school since 
1958 up tillnow.

[3]ȫ򶥼һٲѧҰ񵥹news.sciencenet.cn/html

[4] СѧһΩ͸ȫйС

wenku.baidu.com/view/a5

[5]Ү³УԻ

doc88.com/p-81892947174

[6]ʱ쵼ԼԤ

news.sohu.com/20100308/

[7]У԰ΣھѧǰУĬ˹Ϊ̨

blog.sciencenet.cn/blog

[8]ѧѡκУ

sohu.com/a/232462170_17

[9] 2018Ԥй

blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog

[10]йΪѧĿĹ

mp.weixin.qq.com/s?

[11]¼ԡǽڵŮǡӱߴѧ磬1998

(XYS20230407)

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys8.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

 ¡йҽʷƪʮһ¡ʱĻ

󺣾һ            У

йҽѧ˺ʱνﵽ˶壬Զ⡣ķϵ
ϡޣʡձɼӰ졣ʱй統ŷ޵
ϣܱ߹һеºĻԴȪڹֱӻӵش˿
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ȡ

֮ţ룩ҩ﹦ܵ·෨ҩѧһмֵĹס
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ȣstimulants ˷ܼantipyretics, ҩ
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ڴ˻300Ķ(3)ֵΪ԰1620Ϊѧͽ
ҩ԰ѧҵ֮󣬿ԲȱΪҩ԰Ĺߣ4Щ
̫ҽĹҩ԰ʦǵְҩֲ
ʱղɣƴأ5

йҽѧܴĿƣƳӵ߿ƣơСĿڳݡ
ǷĦ6ҽ֣ҽʦʦĦʦʦ
רŵĲʿڣ7.ٹ־̫ҽ
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ݣԻǷ
벩ʿһˣӰƷϣһˣʦʮˣӾƷ¡ƽԾ
Ѩҽ
ĦʿһˣĦʦˣӾƷ¡ƽ̵֮Գ۵
ߣ֮
ʿһˣӾƷ¡ƽΪߣիɡ

й˶ҽҵʱʱļ˵˲ӳ
ͥҽ˵ߣɲ֪ҽ Ƴ½Ϊ
ҽʵࡣγķͣ˰ԣ
Ϊ࣬ΪҽҽѧΪҽʦǡܱ֡
Ƴ֮ߣҽʦȴûκελϴָ
ҽҩ֮ʹ˼֮ҲΪĩҲ 顷˵Ʋҽ
ɽԼҲǰʥΪҲĴйϣ޶˾Ǩҽʦ
ߡ֮ᲢۣνҽࡱӴˣ˲мΪҽ
Ϊһҵѧ仰пɿҽʦλ
˼Ϊʿ֪ҽΪϧգ

ڶҽʦƷձ鲻Σɴĺм᣺
1,   ҽ߲䲡ӡ
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4ҩҽ 
5ҩɱ ҽɱˡٵ裩
6 ҽҩ ǡ
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ͷƼ׷߱嶷׵ͽΪ
ҽҪ嶷Ϊ8ۼ˵ȼ񣬸ϽҲ
Լķϵϳŷ̵ıҩԶ
ܰΰٲ

ݡףɿơ˵´˵˷ºԴйŴ
ҽѧΪʮƣףɣƷ֮һԯƵ۷Ƹּ
ط¡κβҽҩĵͨҽļڷ 
аȵķмҪף没ɣСףɡ
ͨҽϰǺ˼˵ף
ҽˣбΪ֮˵̣֪֮ʵǱҽ
ѧĿ֮һγ(Ԫ1174)ָʹƺ
ʱһطµʯԱʶ棬
ŵˡɣλһ鶵ĵʿΨһܱʶˣ˵
ԯƵķ¡ϻβľ(Ԫ1506
)һλ쾰Եؿⲿ飬޶Ϊ
İ汾9

ţʹκβƳɡϸ˵
ͨһЩдֽϵĶ˵ʿɮ˳۵ҪƷҽѧϣ
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ɫɫɫֽϻһЩص֡״һΪΣСһ
ʱͨʹɰʱҲʹúīˮдķΪ󣬶С
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ʱҲԼдʱӦʮע⣬ΣͲ
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ٰҽ
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䲻ϲȫ(10)


ѷճɻңҺ衢ˮƻҩһ˷á
ĳЩ£ֻʹֵķ䣻ʱ򵥵ܶʱ򣬼
÷Ҳڷ仹ϣǽϣͷϣ
ڲϣϵϣڿڴڴͷϣճϣ
ܵõмʹǼͬ11

ΪеҽʱҩΪ
˵Ĺ·ǳȤΪԴһӡǸˣ
Ŀ˶ʿԼĪڹԪ8ҡһȡڸ
;ȴ룬뿴ǾĻơֶ
ڵϾƲ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼ˯ȥμԼ״Ԫ˹٣һ·Ǩ
˻ࡣμǳֵڹգãΧ
Ϊף٣ȻͻȻѣֻɵĻƻڸ
˵һ仰δ,һε㡣һ
˵ҪΪֻһζʧʵһΡ
ˡʹһж棬ʱǨҲͬλһ
գⷬʹȻ˳һȥУҳΪ
һɡ12

÷Mayers)(13)ļڹԪ755꣬Ǻڵ
ʦպ֮һڵ»طٵʱ®ɽ
룬봫Ͳҩȳɹͨ˽ʮջĿ顣
ű񷽺һѷǷıǰİٶ
彣ĺħΪаʮͣΪ˼
Ϊ˱ʾ𾴣ĵšҲΪ
档ΪĳЩԭҲҵΪʦ


ע
1ʼһ¼ǹԪǰ213ġ塱
һ谭ǰľɴͳٻеĵ伮ɱ460 
˵ǣйҽѧũѧĵ鶼ڣǰҽѧ֪ʶͻʧ
ںΪҲΪһЩǧĺ£
ԶΪ

2?ٹ־

3йһĶԼ1/6ӢĶ

4йҽѧʷ39ҳ
עھʦҩ԰һ꣬ȡʮ
ʮ£ҩ԰ҵɲҩ԰ʦ

5顤ְ־

6䡷

7_顤ְ־

8עԭˣʵ̲Ҫ嶷ףǲǮġ

9ԯҽѧףʮơ
ԯƵףɿ
̫ͣδҽʮƣףɿƣԯƷ£Ů
С㼲ҽҩߣԴΣ޲Ͷ֮Чаȡ
мߣףɣԻףɿơҽϰΩ˿ƺš
֪߻ĿΪ֮˵̡֪֮Ϲʥ֮һҲաδ
ʮ£ڶʹƺһʯշ, Īܱ֮棬
ʶ֮ߣԱйһʶ˷֮Ի
ԯ֮ҲԻ̡ù䴫˼Ӧ֮
̩쾰ܶô֮񣬰ٷУмּ
ڣƵҲ˽ģӡ

10עԯҽѧףʮơ
ϲ߲
ٰҽ߲
Ų߲
ز߲
䲻ϲȫ߲Ρ

11֪飬 ꣨Dudgen)й
Chinese Arts of Healing
־Chinese Recorder1868ꣻK.c.wangйҽ
ҩšChinese Medical superstitions)лҽѧ־National 
Medical Journal of China2191612¼319173£»٣Dor
 йоResearches into Chinese superstitions2
1915ꡣ


12עԭûעǸݡҹһе
ݸдġ
ңֶٽʿڣ룬ͬһУ
ࡣ˯ԾӸ״ԪڣҪǰȢŮʮ
ţʮꡣλʮ꣬ȨѬƣûʣ
Ѻ촦Ȼѣ˺̾ڰδ죬ЦԻ
δ죬һε㡣Ի֪ҮԻ֮Σ
̬ٴˣʮ䣬ֹΪ꣬д֪һҲ
䳬ȡ

13÷MayersָϡChinese Reader's Manual
157ҳ

(XYS20230407)

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys8.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

ʿҽ۵ıǨ

ߣշ


ѧѧƻķʽȡй֪ʶͳе
࣬ΨһҽҲҽʵļۡҽѧѧҷ
(Judith Farquhar) 20ĩйҽѧΨһעĿġ
Ϊһϵɢķʽ20͵йĿѧ
Ҫڹ˼չƺ۵ʼٸʿҽѧ
ʿڿĻıרҵҽ

оɹ̽˴ʿҽеĹף⣺
һǺר̽ǶҽʶǼʹ̽Ҳǻǿҽ
ͶҽʵҪӵöࡣоһ⣬˵
ǼѵҪĹ

оϺнίصѧ()ִйĻʷ (J50106)
2009816йѧԺʷоʱ³
ѧϻоġڽйѧֻᡱ
ϺͼݽײޱŮʿһ¥ΪѼṩ
ԱĵҪֵڴһ¸л

١Judith FarquharKnowing PracticeThe Clinical Encounter of 
Chinese Medicine BoulderWestviewPress 1994 p. 222.

ڡˣҽʷйִԡ⡷ұࣺļ
ҽƺĻʷΪӽǵ̽꣬ 2009꣬
26ҳ


ҽѧµĴʿԡ֪ʶṹĻĲ
οҽʶйͳҽѧеҽԼִֵ
ԲԡΪֹСѧо롰ҽом
ԳơٱҪҽѧʿһףͿЩйĻġ
ߡҽۣرעʶı仯ԭԴ֣̽
⡰ͳ֪ʶ档

һ 

˽йҽѧԼԪͨĹСڵʵؽ
͹۲йҽѧһֱӦôĩҮջʿ16
ĩҮջʿϸй֮ʣʿµȻѧϣҺ˵
ΪĸҽѧϵȻ֧ҽѧҽѧԡͳʵ
Ϊݵġ۵ʱ˫Ĳδĩҽ
(Matthieu Ricci)˵ǰķǵһβҲ൱ɹ
һ˵õҩǳ򵥣ҩĶʵϣ
йȫҽͶԼʹòҩѭĹ档û
ҽҩҽϵĲ죺ûнҽѧĹѧУ
ÿҪѧҽ˶һͨ˵ڡ(Ͼ)ͨ
ȡҽѧѧλȻֻһʽûʲôôѧλ
ҽûѧλĸȨ𾴣Ϊκ˶β
Ƿҽָйƾƶ´ҽߵλ¡񼲻
רҵҽ˶ٴͳɵҽѧйҽ
רҵѵרҵӰ졣Щҽѧʿһظ

1621Ĵʿ(P. Joannes Terrenz)ǵһλйҮջ
ҽߵйָʿҲòҩβй˲ͬ
ǡľʾףȡ¶Үջʿйҽӡй
ϸİϷ1671һйŷ޷档ŷ޽
ҽǵιҽĲҮջʿָ(Michel Boym)Ҳ
йֳġйҽҩ˵нһЩҩƷ
ֺҽһΪӡȹ˾ĵ¹ҽҶ(Andreas Cleyer)
1682йٴнѡˡѾ
͡Ƶھҽ䡣ʹӢҽҵ(John Floyer)ܵ
չһֽй·޴һʱڣʿ
Ӱ˻ҽѧϰġ

ѧо༯ҽڵӢ󡢺С
µȵӰ죬Ա漰ои硣֪
Ӣѧ(Mine han)صооȽϱ

Linda L. BarnesNeedles Herbs Gods and GhostsChina Healing and the 
West to 1848 CambridgeMass.Harvard University Press 2005 p. 8.

Nicolas Standaert ed. Handbook of Christianity in China Vol.1
635-1800 LeidenBrill 2001 p.786.

񼡢󣺡йǡθ߼õ룬л֣ 
1983꣬34ҳ

۾ԡż磬 1980꣬
207ҳ

Nicolas Standaert ed. Handbook of Christianity in China Vol.1
635-1800 pp. 795-796.


˽룬ҮջʿԽӴҽз񡣴ʿע⵽й
˸ӽķӢʽĸº͡ΣԸСǸֵ
Լҽѧϵĳɹ翵űʱ˽˪ҩǰй
Ϊ֪ġǹ۲쵽й˶ѪҺѭʶ֪
ѪҺʲôʽβ䵽ȫģҲ֪
ġ1705̻ʹ(Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon)
̫ҽ֮Ϊƣһʱ͢Сȱҽ
ܵ˵һʱڻʵҪ峯͢ҽ֮ҩٴϷ
滹кҽѧϵĹͨδС

1793Ӣʹ¶(George Macartney)Ǭ¡ʱӢŵҽѧ
𽥿ʼԵתͣ෽ҽ˾롣ͫ|ʱͬʱ
ҽʦҽκ˺ͫ|¶ʹҲû񴫽ʿ
йľҽѾû⡣˹(George Thomas 
Staunton)ȫԷ񶨵ĿдҽİϡΪй˸
ƣѪᡣʹġʵѪ
ǡǡǹŵҽдԵ֮һ˹ָӳӢ
չĲ࣬ԽеӢʹ߼ʹӴҽҲ˲мһ˵

1807Ӣ׶ػᴫʿѷ(Robert Morrison)־Ż½
йӴĿʼѷרҵҽܹһҽѧѵӢĿ
ӡ֧šʱӢĹ(Hackney)˾ƻ̽ȫҰֲֲ
ѷ˽йյϰסࡢҽƷвҩʹ
ͼѷҽҩȤйҽ˹(John 
Livingstone)ͬо˹רҵҽҽҩйֲ״չ
о1820꣬ڰһ䱸вҩղ˰
ٶҽҩ鼮Ƹһλڵҽһλвҩרң
ҽҩ˹˵ԼĿ˽йҩƷǷ񡰿
ֽյġܼʹֶ㲹䡱Ȼ˹
ٿߵĹϵѾҽΪҽΪҮ³ѧܹѧҽѧ
ѵĲ(Peter Parker)ǵһйĴʿҽ1835
ݿһۿҽԺԺ1839չƸּҽԺ1838꣬
Ӣӡȹ˾Ĺ(Thomas R. Colledge)ݺ(Elijah C. 
Bridgeman)ȳйҽѧʿЭᡣѧʶҽҩβļ
ֵҩʵԼΪϤй˵ļ
Լҽѧȥй˵ġ󡱡һλе
(Downing)ҽ뵱صйҩʦѣΪҵרҵֵܡ
Լ⡣λйҲ˶ŷβȤһΣλй
ҩʦлῴҩһСλˡӱ
벻Ľó鵤ҩõ˵һֵйҩ
ѧ

ٶźյ±ࣺҮջʿйй¼ VI֣µ룬֣ݣ
磬 2005꣬23052 53142ҳ

ڶ£֮䣺ҽѧ뻪ʷ塷ϺϺż磬 
2008꣬246ҳ

˹Ӣʹ˼Ǭ¡ʵҶ룬ϺϺ磬 
1997꣬374 375222401ҳ

ܰ»V.ˣйĿš룬֣ʦ
ѧ磬 2008꣬131ҳ

K. Chmin Wong andLien-teh Wu History of Chinese Medicine ShanghaiThe Mercury 
Press 1936Ϻ2009ӡ p. 307.

Linda L. BarnesNeedles Herbs Gods and GhostsChina Healing and the 
West to 1848 p. 296.

ѻƬսǰϦĹʵ(Karl Friedrich August Gtzlaff)Ҳһ
ҽѧ֪ʶʱйˮǿҽƻչغڰ
ʵҽһ˽⣬ Ҫҽսд
Щ˳ɫ˾һ׵£ʹ
ţǵ۸ʵʱܲڽЧˣ
ʵ1837귢й˵ҽй˵Ͳҩ֪ʶ
йˡԽʵ֪Ƶܣڼʱôͬʱ
˼(Walter H.  Medhurst)ΪҮջʿӰ죬йҽȥ
ܵ˹йԱ1840˵øֱԲ䣺й˵
ҽ˶Ĵٵȷһ𡭡˶ûûǿ϶
кٵֵһĶʹŪй˵֪٣Լ
Щ֪ʶЧξͱ÷ǳҪҪˡ

ĩٶҽѧʱʱ޽ӴУҽѧͳ
ʶڽнԶҽŹҵʱʱĵΪѧƺҵ
ڷԵת䣬ҽȴȻͣڹŴ磬Ӧأʷ̵ʱ
˶ҽۿʼߵ͡



ѻƬսⲻƽԼǩʹôʿĻռ
йҽѧ̻ҽԺΪƽ̨йıԵƽҽѧ
ʿӴʶҽ¹̡ʱҽ֪ʶṹѾ̱仯19
ҽѧ߸ͽʱϸѧ˵ϸѧķչԼԭṩ
˸׼ȷ˵ѧоҩѧķʹ
ΪҽǿҩѧķչƶҩҵĽѪѹơ¼
һϵйѧеӦƶٴҽѧĽڿеҽѧȨ
־ҶҲ1823ʹú⴫ʿͨ־˽µҽ
ѧɹоɹ۴ʿǴѧҽѧưҽѧʿ
Ȼҽı׼Ƚҽˡǰִ߱ĺͿѧģΪ
ͳĺͷǿѧŵġӽ£ҽ糱֡

йҽѧȱԽѧΪٺѧ֪ʶӢ׶
ᴫʿҽ(Benjamin Hobson)ڡȫۡйҽ
ѧȱԽѧΪ֪ʶ˵꣬ʩҽ֮Ͼʱϰģ
ÿҽعอ磬಻֪ãΪھ̾ϧҽѧһ
ޣϵᡣ֪λߣ֪Դ;֪Դߣη;
ηƽ֮ҩ´󺦡׽ӰҩԲвӡ
ֹ۵㱻һظӢ˵(John Dudgeon)ιӢ׶ػҽ
ԺҽƸΪӢפʹŵҽͬĹݵĽѧѧ
ڣйҽ˽⣬Ϊҽȱȷ֪ʶܶۻڲ
͸ᡣ

Linda L. BarnesNeedles Herbs Gods and GhostsChina 
Healing and the West to 1848 pp.296288 238.

أҽѧʷŴ룬磬 
2000꣬612ҳ

ڻʱھڡҽѧ־(Edinburgh Medical 
Journal)͡˹ҽѧ־(Glasgow Medical Journal)ҽѧġ
μߕ괫һӢʿҽѧϺѧ
磬 2009꣬489ҳ

ܺţȫ̷ۡԪԣϺīݲذ壬1ҳ

ʡָơʿ(Henry W. Porter)Ҳᵽҽ
̽ڲ죬ҽԽԳܶȡҽԾอ
ⶶҽӢ׶ػ(JohnK. Mackenzie)˵̣
Ϊҽڽѧѧ֪ʶ㣬Ի
Щ׼ȷ֪ʶ 

ѧصҽѧʿһϻ⡣1838꣬
ѳǷΪйҽ񴫵ᡱݽᵽҽҽƳ˶Ϸ
;ʹǸҲ޷õƣΪǲκ
۸ߵ(Wm. Gauld)1877Ĵ˵Ʒ棬ҽѧʿһ
ȫԼֱӵġѸٵЧʹй˴Ϊ𾪣
ʿⷽɡйҽѧеƾڴʿȫֵ
һᡣ

ҽĲѧҩѧǶҽҩ۵ѧҲм
ɡڡڿ˵˵ҽ飬ۺƷÿһ
УƲݣÿһҩɫζอ̸
ףอããȻ֪ҽѧ֮˥Ҳڶҽո
ϻᴫʿ˾(Dugald Christie)ҽ˽⣬֪ҽ
ϵʧȥƽĽҪָҪø
зҩȥָƽۡ̾ҽ˵ʵ̫
ˡУȫҽССҽ¹ʣ˵йҽѧ
˵Ļ״̬Ʒǧٹ֣ڴ߶ҽи
ǲʵġ޻֮(Ernest Faber)ġ޶˵
йҽ飬ţ䶰Ȼпȡߣж֮ܶ˵۲
˵ԴسΪԣҩһζҽʮ֢
꣬񲻴߶ҽҩҩкܶ顣
ҽ(Daniel  J. Mac Gowan)ͳƣҩɵҩƷ
32֮ࡣ 

ٲʡָơ򡱣ʮһ꣬пԺӡԡ
תԸߕ괫һӢʿҽѧ298ҳ

Mrs. Bryson JohnKenneth MackenzieMedical Missionary to China 
LondonHodder andStoughton1891 p. 102.

Thomas R. ColledgeThe Medical Missionary Society in China 
originally published in Philadelphia USA1838 appendix pp. 3-5
תۣڽ֮䡪½̴ʿڻغڻ
оݣ㶫磬 2000꣬297ҳ

Wm. GauldMedical Missions" in Records of theGeneral Con 
ference of the Protestant Missionaries of ChinaHeld at Shanghai
May 10-24 1877 ShanghaiPresbyterian Mission Press 1878 p. 
120.

ݺţڿ˵ϡ۲ԭη̷֣ӡ
1ҳ

޶Ÿ¡˹٣ʮ(1883 1913)ʿ룬
磬 2007꣬3035ҳ

߻֮޶ϺϺ磬 2002꣬207ҳ

ඡǣһλʿе۹룬
֣ʦѧ磬2004꣬217 218ҳ


ҽеϷرǰһȱŷƳ֮ҽ
ѧʿҲרŸά(William Lockhart)Ϊ޾Ľ
Ϊ롣ΪѪҺѭҽԻ󲻽⣬ٳ
֪֣֮һ֪ҲѪҺëϸѪܺͷ
еı仯ҽСÿһӦһ࣬ȴһӦԡ˵
ƿЦٵ˵ҽ飬ʮ֮
ʮһʮ֮ҽǿǣϣָΪߣӦ
ߣϷȻָһ޷ǣܶϣʮ֮һΪ
֣سֹ߽֮һʮ
̶֮֮฽̸֮ҽ
֮ΪգÿоѪ֮ҩ̥ĸ
ˡ

ʿǻһйȱרŵҽѧΪǵй
ҽѧĸԴָҽѧšΪҽûרŵҽѧ
ҽʸƶȡڡҽۡ˵ҽʿžԣ
ȡ׼й˽ʿ֮䷨йȡʿ֮
ϰ֮߾󾫣йҽʿʿΪ֮ٿ٣˲֮
һҲۻ֮򽲣̩ҽʦְ磬ѧѡӦ꣬
ǳֹͬҲеȶЩۣ
ʶζҩԣͷڼڼȻΪҽеȸ߳ԿΪ
ʱѧɱ֮

ҽҵߵˮƽҽ£ʿҲз顣紫ʱ˷ҩ
Ħ̫(Timothy Richard)˵йʱõҽҽһ
Ĳҩǿ١ݸߵ˵κ޷ֶıĵܶҽֻ
дӵ˶ҽں̶ܴϣǶ䵽ӹҽУҪĿ
շѣܺΡ޶йִɫʵ
νβΪǿǻĵɶļôһ̻ʿ(O. L. 
Kilborn)19014·ġйҽҩ¹˵йϸҽ
ţëҶǾ֪ͨʶġͨšΨһĿȰ˵߽ܴ
ǻǧټƿѣҪָ˻ĳַ
˵ʳ

ʿҽء1869 1871ڴ־
8ڷģҽڽΪض󣬡ǵĲ
ѧ׵ĲѧơΪйҽԽԽءһ
Ǻкܴͬй鼸µİ汾Ϊ
µķֱͬ˵Լÿҽʮ꣬̾й֮ҽ࣬
ҽ֮Ҳϸףһרһŷ

William LockhartThe Medical Missionary in ChinaA Narrative 
of Twenty Years ExperienceLondonHurst and Blackett 1861

p. 115. Hobson Report of Chinese Hospital at Shanghai for1857 
pamphletShanghai 1858 p. 155.ת԰»V.ˣ
Ŀš38ҳ

ڵ꣺ҽ硤ۡ¿̱79ҳ

ۺţҽۡϡҽѧ̷֣ۡӡ1
ҳ

ܻ֮޶207ҳ

ջĦ̫й־Զ룬֣ʦѧ磬 
2007꣬46ҳ

Records of theGeneral Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of ChinaHeld 
at ShanghaiMay 10-24 1877 p. 119.

O. L. KilbornMedical Mission Work in China" TheChinese Recorder(¼CR) 
Apr.1901p. 175.

J. DudgeonChinese Arts of Healing "CR Nov. 1869p. 164.

꣺ȫͨ򡷣ͬĹݾ棬ӡ1 
2ҳ

˾Ϊ(ҽ)²ԭƵֶֹ
ǰ

йҽѧӰ˿ϻļԼ(John G. Kerr)
18775Ϻٿĵһ½ڻʿϣԼйҽѧ
ģҽƷľŸ⡣һԽѧѧ
֪һû֪ʶ;ڶԼʵ֪Ѽ
Դڲڵԭк˵Ͳ;ں̶ܴ
ҩ֪;ģǼԭʼͲ̵;壬ƲʢУ
һʱҪôַҰҪô֪룬йһ
˿ڶĹңóһͳݣôһ¶˿
ĥͶ˵֡;ŵ˼Ϊδ
ɵҽƲʹ;;ߣԶͶƼ֪;ڰˣ
ȫû;ھţûչ˲ĴƻڼԼʵϴҽѧ
ҩѧۡٴʵҽƺ߹ȷ棬׷ҽ
Լδʿҽѧ֯ҽᡱϯ͡ҽᱨ
࣬ɼַҽ˼ͬˡ1890ڶڻ½̴ʿ
ϣڵػĵ˼Τ(A. W. Douthwaite)ҽҩ̵ı˵й
ҽѧѧ˵ʲô?ͲĶ֮19
Ĵ󲿷ִʿҽҽִ粻ݵĹŴĲ
ǵҰУҽûеλ

ҽⲻô򵥡Ϊܴʿҽʱ
ûб仯ֻȱͬʱҽĶ±Ե͹Գˣ
ôҲΪҽĳ֣ҽֻС֪ûкһ档ҽ
˾Դвòʵҽôȱ㣬ѵû
ŵ?ܾҽĶ(W. A. P. Martin)Ҳ̵سϣڶ
ƵУҽȻо޿ѧǧľ϶
ϹèץһЩ֮ЧƷˣʿת
ҽľҽȱʱ޷ӱҽѧĹס 

ȿҩЧʿҽҽȡҽҩ
̬ȡ˹˹˹(J. Porter Smith)ͼԼ׫д
йҩ 1858ڡڿ˵ʶضԱҩ
С¼ҪΪеҽҩҽҽͨߡǰӵ;
еҽҽͬҽõĶҽмصҩġ
ҽйҩΪб뱸ã߼÷ҩ
ɼҽҩĻǱȽܽܵġ

ٶŸ¡˹٣ʮ(1883 1913)29ҳ

Records of theGeneral Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of ChinaHeld 
at ShanghaiMay 10-24 1877 pp. 115-117.

Records of theGeneral Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of ChinaHeld 
at ShanghaiMay 7-20 1890 ShanghaiAmerican Presbyterian Mission Press 
1890 p. 270.

ܶŸ¡˹٣ʮ(1883 1913)32ҳ

ݶǣһλʿе۹217ҳ

Kenneth S.Latourette A History of Christian Missions in China New York
The MacMillanCompany1929 p. 460.

ߺšøȣڿ˵¡¼Ҫҽ֡
̷ӡϺͼݲأ1ҳ

šøȣڿ˵ԡҽ֡1ҳ



⣬й´̣ҩʼǴʿҽǵҪءҽҩ
ʿ(Geo. King)ָйҽѧ̻ҩĹȱ
κοҩĶмֵġҽʹõļΪ˵ʱ
Ѿо֤üΪٽҩйҲ
ҩ˵ľ顣ٱҵս˹ѧҽѧԺᶫ(James B. 
Neal)1891ݽлҽйҩίԱıУΪʱ
йҩоȱҲԶûбҽҩ߳á
̻Ӧ㷺йҩ60ڼϵԹ򵽵
ҩҽѧķ˲Сûܹ⣬Դ󲿷
ҩѧʵָ꣬ҾָЩҩȷʵ
õģЩûҩЧġڲٴʿҩĽ˳о 

ҽҩʿҽͳǿ˶ƷֳܴȤ
йҽع˹ϣ˶Ĵͳǿ˶ӡȺ
ŹҲͬԴԶΪйܴġоᵽˡ䡱
ҪԡΪ˶ƷԤĳЩԼΪֶָ
ȷһļֵ۶ҽѧķչ䡢¹Ӣȹ
ҽѧʿԼԤõۡԣרŽ
ġ˼㡷༭Ϊ򣺵ҵҽ١һ鴫⡣
۰˹ҽԺԺӢ׶ػҽѧʿ̷(John C. Thomson)
Ҳй˶Ʒ

ʹһЩҽѧʿʹķ棬Ҳ϶Ӣʿҽ
ά1841˵ƶϣйҽѧϵǺ
˵ΪǵһЩȻһЩ츳дģѾǳϸ
ؼ˼ıʺһЩڿƴȾĹ͹Ǿܱ
ġάָڱ̫ҽԺ˶ҽѧǳϤӵ޿ɷƷ
ͨԽѧԺְҽβάȻѾ쵽
ҽһŶ۵ҽҵʵϴŲͬΣܰηкͽƭ
ҽһŶۡ˵ں̶ܴ(й)ҽǳǵش
ǵҽѧǲƵģҩܺ÷;
Ҳײͬʽʳ;Ϊ׼ȷĹ۲ϸ׷ݲ
İ취ܸݾ֢ҩ̷1892׫ר
йơйŴҽѧɾ͸ܶ϶ƣйϵͳ
(ԳΪϵͳĻ)4500ǰʱǾ֪ѪҺѭ
Ԫǰ1100꣬й˾¸Ҷмɵ˸;Ԫǰ6;ܽ
;Ԫǰ4ͷ˰ĦƷ;ڻԪ֮ǰй˾
÷;Ԫ3ͣͷʹٿʼ;Ԫ6
ȡó

Geo. KingA Cheap Substitute for Pepsin" TheChinese Medical 
Missionary Journal(¼CMMJ) vol. V no. 1(Mar. 1891) pp. 24-25.

James Boyd NealInorganic Native Drugs of Chinanfu "CMMJ
vol. V no. 4(Dec. 1891) pp. 193-204.

J. DudgeonChinese Arts of Healing "CR Apr. 1872
pp. 281 282 284.

γҽѧʷɳϽ磬 1998꣬317
ҳ

John C. ThomsonSurgery in China "CMMJ vol. VII no.
1(Mar. 1893) pp. 3-4.

Linda L. BarnesNeedles Herbs Gods and GhostsChina Healing and the 
West to 1848 pp.239 240.

William LockhartMedical Missionary in ChinaA Narrative of Twenty Years 
Experiencepp.113-114.

John C. ThomsonSurgery in China "CMMJ Dec. 1892 pp. 219-220. 


ܻҵһЩƵӣҽѧʿǶҽͬ
Щ޵ĲϡԼš꼰άȶҽ϶ˣҲ
Ҫҽˡֿƽɫ֮֡
ҽǴʿҽѧǿƻоϻڻʷĲ(G. 
Thompson Brown)˵ҽѧʿΪǶԴͳйҽѧĵ
ǣ(Sophie Crane)ΪⷽһЩԭ(1)
Եҽѧһ`ӹҽ'ҵĽ׶Σκα
ΪǶҽѧĿѧƫ붼;(2)ҽѧʿڴͳҽ
ĥıһ;(3)æճ̺ԵʹǺлҽ
ҵ߽߸еԼܵҽвʵ֮⣬
ҽѧʿҽһЩء

ȣҽҵķѴҵֱֲӴֵ̣ڽ̻
ڲɡǿҵԲʿ1874괫ʿ˹Ӳ޷
(William Scarborough)56ºš־Ϸҽҩʿĳģ
Լ̶꣬뺺ҽԺʮ֮õϵҽҩʿ
ˡɷϵĺ¡ǡܻӭˡݺ񴫽̻
ǡƻ̲ɡˣΪάҵ
˶еĺϷԣҽѧʿȻҪڸֳҽߕָ
ģԼڴ̴ҽķǡΪǿҽѧйıҪ
Ϳԡͨҽļֵ֤ʿйҽĺԣ
ý̻ڲֽ֧̻֡εĿ̸ҽʧ֮

Σ(Paul A.Cohen)ָģӹ 19ĩ
ԽڱǰģƸʷ뷽棬
Ļڽ̡¡׼ľ򡣡һʱĴʿ
ǿҵĻڽԽСһЩʿУ
ӰУûϣûϵۣԸΪū
(ArthurH. Smith)дᴫʿֲ˵úֱף˵ᴫʿ
й£Ǽһơʲô?Խ
´ʿȱʶһбĻԸԼ
Уʹáδ塱δɵĹҡĴʻдйҽ
״˼ı֡

Sophie M. CranePCUS Overseas Medical Missions"
Manuscript prepared for the PCUSA Global Mission Unit 1992 pp. 
31-32 See G. Thompson Brown Earthen Vessels & Transcendent PowerAmerican
Presbyterians in China 1837-1952 New YorkOrbis Books 1997 
p. 225.

William ScarboroughMedical Missions "CR May-June 1874 
pp.137 144.

۸ߕ괫һӢʿҽѧ100ҳ

ܿģ20֪֮ʶշ룬ʷܡ 
19984ڣ22ҳ

ݰ»V.ˣйĿš29ҳ

Arthur H. SmithThe Relations between Missionaries and the
Chinese "in Arthur H. Smith ed. A Manual for Young 
Missionaries to China ShanghaiChristian Literature Publishing House 1918 p. 
45.


󣬼ʹҽѧʿʶҽҲơ̻ҽԺ
ģȽСҽѧʿƣ֮䡣ͬʱйĻ˽
ޣ͹Ҳ̫߱оҽı⣬ڴʿҽ۷
֮ʣйһʧġһӴҽйˣѣҽ
Ч۳ҽֲ㣬ȫɥʧ˶ҽģΪʿ
ҽ֡ǰᵽĺź͵ҽʿд
ɵġЩУҲЩйڽӴҽҽĵĶҡ

ֵעǣʱҽѧʿ٣ܴ󡣽̻ҽԺҲ
̿йҰҽûʲôϰҽѧʿõй
ӱȱȽǡ1907ٿĴʿϣҽѧֻϯ
˾̻ҽѧԺѧƾõϡ 1910 1911궫
ߴ󱬷ҽٷίԷβɹ飬ⱻҽѧ
йϿɵı־¼󣬹ٷͬҽƼչҽѧ
ʿҪһµҽҽˡ

 

ԺҽƸִ䡣ڱ͹ƶȰУҽ
йҽҵ쵼ȨγɡҽڳҽҰľ棬ҽܵѹ
Ϸܶҽѧʿ˵̻ҽһ֦ķⲻ٣λ
й˵ҽҵԽҽƵĻȨڴ˶ڲ̻
ҽҵҪõڸʹ˶µµĿ϶ˣǹ۲
ҽʱѾٴΪҽؿռڽȡҽҵλ
ˣҽҽʿҲظܵԽ̻ҽҵ
սᶫע⵽й˶ѾзչԸ
Ǳһ㣬ʹǹеԽԽáˣй
˷ҽۼ֮ʣҽѧʿû͡෴ڵ
ҽĲǺһЩ˿ʼЧעҽġ鼼(empirical 
skill)ҽҩ۷ս࣬ǰǺżȻ


ҩĹעһʱҪɹ1911꣬ʦͼ
(George A.Stuart)ҽ桶йҩѧֲࡷйҽʷΪ
һʱڡмֵҽ顱ʦȥδܼԭȫоҩļƻ

ٺţȫۡޡ;꣺ҽ硷ë򣬹
̱Ϻͼݲر;򣬺ʿᷴ룺ҩݣ
613ӡϺͼݲأ1114ҳ

China Centenary Missionary Conference Records Reports of the Great Conference 
Held atShanghai April 5 th-May 8 th 1907 New YorkAmerican Tract 
Society 1907 p. 263.

ۺСҽĻʡϺϺż磬 2006꣬
6ҳ

γҽʷڣϳ磬 2007꣬398 399ҳ

R. J. Shields M.D.Why We Need Medical Schools "CR Oct. 1913
p. 597.

J. B. NealMedical Schools in China "CR Oct. 1913p. 595.

Чϼ֪ƫҽϰ֮ϣɽѧ
磬 2007꣬12104ҳ;룺ҽ֮йҽҩ
磬 2007꣬69 78ҳ

K. Chmin Wong andLien-teh Wu History of Chinese Medicine p. 643.

һֱעҩӢ׶ػᴫʿ(Bernard E. Read)оҩ
ٮٮߡ1920αЭҽѧԺҩϵͶҩо
20з˴ҩ19237£ΪҩȤ
ҽרŷˡҽ()ҩЧһģгһҩ
͵ʵҼʱľҪ󡣢 1924꣬йḻĲҩԴΪ
࣬һ֪ҩ׼һµвҩڶֲѧ
ȡҩ׼Ĳҩִֵҽѧѧоҩüֲֵ
ͬһ𵽼ÿһεҩУй13ҩĵĿ̴
ҩĽסҩСдңԶĲغ컨Ƥ֦ɡ
ɹĢͻΣĴĴƵȵȡﾴ׸ҩûҩ㣬
(ʥ)׸ӤıͬСһܹѵҩ
ʦһ仰ǡЩƷǳĺáΪйгϵҩ
ļΪӦʹЩȤҩͬиҩġ 1931꣬
ҩжҩĵоɹӢϻŸ(James L. Maxwell)
˵ʿɹذйʹõĶҩķḻϢռһ
⽫ǷǳмֵġΪ߾ûҩģж
涼ûаڽܾĵСйҩණ൱
ࡱ봫ʿǰһŷ񶨶ҩĿͬŸ˵
һȷڿѧʵϻعʹöƼ򡣾йٴ
ԶƼĹʹʹԵýһĳ־Ļٳ
ֱսǰйҩҩо
ҩȽоҪɾ͡

ʿҽǶҽ忴Ҳת䡣1911꣬ʥļ(W. 
HamiltonJefferys)Ÿ桶йļһ飬ܵйҽʷ
߶ܸۡһʼ˵ᵽйҽⲻһѧ⣬
ǱһʶͶұҽʵһʵͣ
һϣָҽҩƹϵľʵʷϵĵλ
ֵȱ㼰ѧҽѧĹϵе㿶̹ʵسԼ
ҽʵ(ʷ)Ҳǲֹ۵ģʱҲ̰¡źӹҽŪһƬ
Щǿѧҽѧʵһ㶼ǡĳߡ͹ȥʱ
ΰרҵĻôйҽз
ͬ鱻ٱһϣǻʲô?߳ϣ
ȥҽʶں̶ܴǲȷġйһԵġѧ
ġȻϵľ͵Ŀҽ׷ݵ֮ǰ
Ĵ˵˼;飬ֵغڸҰ˼
̸йҽһЩ⡣ҽ˵ǽ˵й˵
ѧŽľˮԪأʺг϶ɡֻҪ
ռʣܴﵽƽ⣬ͻὡκһԪռ
֧λ䱾״̬ռϷĻһϵͳͻңͻ
ΪȫһϵͳǱ޳ȥľɹȻʿҽ
ҽеʿȥҽ۲мһ˵̬
ȡ

B. E. ReadChinese Drugs of Therapeutic Interest to
Western Physicians" Chinese Medical Journal(¼CMJ) vol. 
XXXVII no. 7 July 1923 pp.589-591.

B. E. Read Ph.C. M. S. Peking Union Medical CollegeChinese Materia Medica 
(vegetablekingdom)"CMJ vol.XXXVIII no. 8(Aug. 1924) pp. 637-639.

James L. MaxwellChinese Materia Medica Animal Druges(by 
BernardE. Read)" CMJ vol.XLV no. 12(Dec. 1931) p. 1204.

K. Chmin Wong and Lien-teh Wu History ofChinese Medicine pp. 643-644.


ǻΪ(й)ͳҽѧϵҽԲɣ
лȡˣѰˡǻԴʿҽеĿ
˵˵йһ㲻ѧѧǲȷġǶλ
Եϵǳһ̶ϣй˶ٵĹдµ
˽⡣ǶҩĿǡκζȻ˶ĵĶ
ʹҽѧȴʮáҽڷҩҪǵȵöࡣ
̸ҽҽĹϵΪѧҽ뱾ؾ͵ҽ߲
û˿Ķ۵Ĺ۵ûʲô˫ܻԻ
ʵϣܾҽĺϷλΪһЩӹҽͽƭӵˣ
ظģǵĺ޷չҽȫûгɼ
ǾѯǵȥȻΪʿҽӦ
չҽĶԻλ߶йҽȺΡҽᱨ
༭ǴӾ̸ҪҽСʵ͡ҽѧʿо
仯塣

ʿҽѧҽҲ˱仯1916꣬ҽᱨڴ
30󷢱ۡйҽѧơԹȥʿҽ˺ܺõ
ָȥҽҩʿΪȡĸ̻֧Լйҽǿ
йҽҩƵͨҩ˵йҽŪֵġ
ĻоǾᵽҽʹĺԺΪ
ЩʵģҲȷʵṩ˵ĺ۾ݡʱǲ
룬ҽЧֻйĻôйԵ
᳹һ׵ıҽư취ˡôͱ˵
ʹǾأҲżкõЧҽѧʿеһŷ
ĵĿҪעġ֪ðԸָԼ
֪ʶȫɾβ֮䣬ž޴Ĳ𡱡޾ҩԣ
˵йҩҩϵһģҽ
Ǵҽҩϵڽҩ۳氺ĵҲѵʹ
ҩĻôǾһЩ(ҩ)ҩŹֺͲΪ
ˡۻᵽйࡰط˶Դһŷ񶨵Ŀ
ΪҪƫس׵صо(Porter)ġй
ҩ䡷ͺرкܶҩõϢҪҪݿѧҩ
ѧҩǶҩĵ鲻ȫͽ͵ġرҽ
֡ҩЧˮ׵ӣơͬĻǿܷ
ҩҲǳмֵǵλЩҩԼδ
ǡƪζĵطת˿߼ҽ
ʷй˳ҽʵƶбȻںԣҪҽѧ
ʿпѧ顣־ϣҲǴʿܳ
˸Ⱥֶ˶ķǺй
ҽѧʿʼʶԼҽĻʱľˡһ
̶Ϸӳһ۵򣬼ʿйҽҩľԻƫġ

٢ڢۢܢݡW. HamiltonJefferys & James L. Maxwell The Diseases of China Including 
Formosa andKorea PhiladelphiaP. Blakistons Son& Co. 1911 pp. 
13-1415192324.

ޢߢᡡEditorialChinese Medicine and Surgery" CMJ vol.
XXX no. 6 Nov. 1916 pp. 432433


Ժ󣬽̻ѧõϿ췢չһʱڵһǽ̻ѧ
ҽѧԺԺȺʽҽĿ³ѧҽѧԺԺİ
Ľ(Harold Balme)ɽҽ16꣬1921桶йִҽѧҽѧ
̷չоϴӷ˼ҽʼ дǳЦҽǶ岡
ʶԼصķǺ׵ġǣ׳ǲһ
ǰԼҽѧ̿ͬŲѧۡʱκй
ѧģ߿һйؼԭᷢһ۲
˵Ĵӻ⣬вֹһεᵽ˸Ӱܵ`Һ'ڿ
ǶôĿЦٷʡҽᵽҽʷϵԣ
ǰκεطҽʵյľǶԾĹ۲ʹҩ
֪ʶʱйҽҩ֪ʶκһʵϣĳЩ棬
ԶԶҡҮյǰ2000꣬йҽʦѾ׼ȷ
ҵ֢״ˡйʵֶԸ컨(Ӣ)ʶֵҪ
߰ꡣйʹˮ˪ԼԼҩѾм
ʷˡһЩʵ`ִ'˼룬ӵĸɾͨ硢յ
ҪԺͰ壬(Lew-lan)ǰдµ컨ĹжѾ
ᵽˡǿ˵ʣܶйҽҽУͨ
ϸ۲죬ռ˹ڲ֢ͬ״ҽҩҪҩ﹦ЧĴϡ
ǵ֪ʶǸݾģִѧѽͣкܶණ
׼ȷģԲǼġϧǣмܶණѾʧ
ˡеĺܶҵ𰸡۰
ִѧܷҽΪ׼갷ҽ߼Ĳ졣
ΪڻʿҽеҽѧԺԺԡҽ䡰顱֪ʶĿ
дԵġ

ĴѧҽѧԺԺĪ˹(William R. Morse) 1928桶
ʮּܣݼµҽѧҵѰζǣλҽѧԺ
ǿ˹۲ҽʱӦСͬ顱̬ȡ˵徭顢
Ѿõϰףͬ۹ȥ۲죬ͻеĻзҪֵ
ȻˣҽҪȷķ̬ȡĪ˹ͻ
ǰҽҵ߷Ϊ࣬һܹѧҽȺ壬ڶû
ܹ֪һȺһ֡һѧ͵ܹ
ľӢѧҡһ㹻߼ѧйѧԭľڽ
ͼ֢״ѧȻ̵ѧܰѧҽ
ʵ߰ҽѧԭһһѧңע
ʵЧزҽʵؽҽѧ⡣
ǳõҩǵͬһȷƷͬĲ
߲εйҽͨڵľ飬ѧ
ϴǰҽͨԼ̳֪ʶѾγһ΢ͺ׽
Ĳ֢ͼЩʵõľ͹۲첡˽Ͳ֢
ٴϺļûмֵġĪ˹ҽĺ
۵ಡУ()ҽļ徭ûмֵģ
κζҽĹ۱ע⵽Ǻյļмֵٴ
顣һĵڶһЩҽҵమõѧߣвܵ
˺ܶࡱݾĪ˹Ϊ˼ҽҵߵ5%ܹ
ҽľԶ׼ġ

٢ڢHarold BalmeChina and Modern MedicineA Study in Medical Missionary 
Development LondonUnited Council for Missionary Education 1921
pp. 15-162122-23.

ܢWilliam R. MorseThe Three Crosses in the Purple MistsAn Adventure in Medical 
Education undertheEaves of the Roof of the World Shanghai
Mission Book Co. 1928 pp. 131125126127.

ڹͨҽ棬ӰӦιҽѧԺԺ
(Edward H. Hume)ҵս˹ҽѧԺĺ1905ɳʱ
ԸΪоԼһϸҽйҽĽӴı
Ŀ1908꣬ɽϻҽԺѵҽй˺Т(Hou 
Kung-hsiao)ɳЭǺҽ˽˺ܶ`ͳ'
ҽѧʹЭÿܣͳõءٺҽҽ
ҩЧΪҽп϶мֵĶ19356£ڡ
־йʱĻҽҩҵҽǰй
һֱڷչһֱҽҩƶй˵Ҫƶݵԭ
ȱݵģõҩкܴļֵʼѰЩӦñ
Զĳɷݡ

1940꣬桶йҽһ飬֡йҽѧе˹ϵ
ҽѧĴߺͷйҽѧһЩܳס֣ϵͳ
йҽѧΪйҽѧǳǿƣֲͿﱻҩУ
ҩĳ־ùЧڸոտʼʶ˶Ʒ๱ף
ʹעʵЧЩҪǣǿ۲졢ѯʺϸ
Ϊǵϵ춨˻Ͽûһҽѧϵʹ
зʵԵáܽ˵ĳ̶ֳϣڹŴϢ
ͨľޣϣͰҽѧ춨ŷҽѧĻǸϵйҽ
ѧ˼룬֤ʺġҽҩѧԼ˶Ʒ
ĹףҲ½ҽҩʿҽʹõС﷨
⣬ΪҽƷǵģָҽǽбҽѧ
˼ϵҲۣȫ͵ģҪԿҽ֮
𡣡ֻվȷַչżϡдҽѧʷȥо
йҽѧףдҩѧȥо԰ټƵҩЧֻ
ѧܵõйҽѧ֮衣

1946꣬һָͬЩܿѧʵ
ҽ˵һʼйҽѧȻˡҽûнʣ
ûпɿƵʵ飬˵ǧҽǿѧ̽ʲô֤?ѧǻѯʣ
ҩҩ˹ҩƼ⻹б֪ʶ?ݡǺ¹
ʲôƼֵ?ҲĪ˹һǿ⡱ͬ͡顱ڹ۲ҽ
ʱҪԡ˵ҽййһӺǽ
ͬйˣأǸı(ҽ)̬ȡйŴһЩҽ
ѧ֪ʶȷʵֵһӹɡҽϺƵϷȫû
ɵġҽѽҽȡЧԭҽʼԼʱѵ
صҽôһȽϳʶģʲôʹҽô
ʶڱµᡢڽ̡ءǿ˵˿
ʼŬй˵ҽѧ˼й˿ʼʶѧҽѧı
Ҫʱڴʱйһֶصľ顣

Kwang-Ching Liued. American Missionaries in ChinaPapers from Harvard Seminars 
Cambridge Mass.Harvard University Press 1970 p. 141.

Edward H. HumeChristian Medicine in the New Day in China 
"CRJune 1935 pp. 346-350.

Edward H. HumeThe Chinese Way in Medicine Westport ConnecticutHyperion 
Press 1940pp.175-176.

Edward H. HumeDoctors East Doctors WestAn American Physicians Life in 
China New YorkW.W. Norton& Co. 1946 p.16.


ڸı˴ʿҽȥӸ¿ҽ̬ڳڵҽʵ
зһЩҽƷй֮ڸһ˺Ůβʱ
˲ҳپ˺Ӳۡ֡׼ȷ˷ȵ
ʼȡͷʹûʳӳѪܿ졣ǰ˹
(William Osler)Ҳû֣ҽʹõһЩҩ
ҽʹá˵˾ȵĲôֲҩй(
ƣؾǴȡ)йʶܶදԵҩ
β˵һЩ£ĳЩƷϲؽܣ
ûʶйԼҽԲͬʽʹͬҩ
ˡȡ(֪ке)ͨҽĳЩ״ٲҽ
ĳЩ֬ĸƷνˡԴԾҩʵҩȻ˵
ʿҽǳ̸ҽಡ֢޲߲ͬҲ
ҽܴҽӡһŮж
Ȳ˿ΣҺҽΣºһ
Ӥ̾˵֪ҽʲôЧҩۺͨ
ҽ﷢־ϷͬҽҽͬԵóȷĽۡ
˵ʡ˾ͬʱˡɳǳҽҽͺһ
ϡͨҽһҽҽеİ취
ͺͨʵ豸Ͻһµġ

ʵЩҽѧԺԺһ̬ڿҽȺ
ķΧҲڱ仯һʿҽֳҽʷȤӢʿҽ
ЭҽѧԺʿ(J. Preston Maxwell)йһռ62
ҽż1870ǰйƺͲ˱Ƚȫо 1936꣬
ƽЭҽѧԺͼղԭھʦ̫ҽԺְ(Lee Hsuan-chu)ȫ
ײ˰ٶơЩ齫֤оҽʷвɹļֵ 
19409¡ҽᱨרųйҽʷרţʿ־Ϸ
оҽʷ¡

ٰ˹ա(1849 1919)ôӢҽʦңʱ
ΪɫҽѧʦEdward H. Hume Doctors East Doctors WestAn
American Physicians Life in Chinap. 91.

ڢۢܡEdward H. HumeDoctors East Doctors WestAn American Physicians Life in 
Chinapp.153122187-191.

J. Preston Maxwell& Chih Tung FengThe Old
Obstetrical and Gynecological Work of China" CMJvol. XLI no. 
7(July1927) pp. 643-647.

Books on ChineseMedicine "CMJ vol. L no. 3(Mar. 1936) pp. 285-286.

Report of theChinese Medical History SocietyOctober 1939-March 1940" CMJ 
vol.LVIII no. 3(Sep. 1940) pp. 370-371.


ϣЩҽЧҪļҽѧ۵ʵϣ
ҽҩٴʶȻӴۺۡ˵ѧı
֤ʩۡȻ̸۽϶Ļҩҽٴʵҽ۵
ѧ棬ҽʵ֮߼ϵļԣʿҽոиĤ
仯ϾˣһЩʿҽϾȫ̷йҽѧһµ
̬ȼԼҽʶҽĳڻϻҽѧʿ
ͳϣ롰Լ棬ͳҽĳɹʤҲ
ҽ¡ҪĻָ(й)Ļҵ
(Ƶ)ǿʼҽѧ˵ҩҽȺϸ֣з
ִйͳҽѧѧõĶ(Bridie A. Minehan)
ҲָʿҽҽҩҩɷֵĻѧ棬ʶ
ҽв֪ʶ涼пɹ֮ΪԼ˳
ͼȥйҽѧĻ

ų͵һ̶ȵġͬ顱⣬ԭڣԺҽ
ռƣһЩй˶ҽļҳ̶ȳ˴ʿҽ
ûбҪϵصҽչյǣҽй
Ӱ졣1933һݵ鱨棬ʱйҽ120ҽ
4000ˣ3001ܸñ滹Ϊйҽ˾
ͬĻôй˿е98%99%ڻʱҽơ
ҽѧʿʶҽҽڹ棬ȱҽ˽⣬
ϰҽĲ˹ͨһЩ봫ʿҽнӴйҲҪ
Ӻ˽ҽҽҽٵȫ̾ҽͶ
ϵعһͣǽĵλΪʲô(òй˵)?
ָҽҽȱ˽˾ޡ 1937꣬ոڡ־
˵ִҽѧһйģͻʹáҽҩ
ʿһǱڱĵסԼĴԺ
е䵭أͨǸй֮⡣ҽû
κŬȥ˽⴫ͳйҽȥЩϵҩˣǲ
ڵոǵһλҮ³ѧҽѧԺòʿѧλ
ˣ봫ʿҽ¡ϣʿҽӦԸ


ͬʱһЩйҽйҽѧҽѧʷȱλ־
˽йҽѧ˵Ĵ1924꣬ڡҽᱨ
ģϣձΪԹй˾Բ˽ѪҺѭӡ󡣢ͬ
꣬پйϣס߶ŵҽѧɾ͡10

Sophie M. CranePCUS Overseas Medical Missions"
Manuscript prepared for the PCUSA Global Mission Unit 1992 p. 
8 See G.Thompson Brown Earthen Vessels& Transcendent PowerAmerican 
Presbyteriansin China 1837-1952 New YorkOrbis Books 1997 p. 225.

Bridie AndrewsMinehanWhat MissionaryPhysicians Learned 
in China?"Draft pp. 4 5 7 12.

Ⱥ첡ˣҽͻµĿռ(1832 1985)
йѧ磬 2006꣬251 252ҳ

ܢݡOrville A.Petty Laymens Foreign
Missions Inquiry China New York and LondonHarper&Brothers 
1933 pp. 431428.

S. H. Chuan M.D.Chinese Patients and their
Prejudices"CMJ vol. XXXI no. 6(Nov. 1917)p. 505.

F. C. YenWhat Is the Function of Christian Medical Work
in Modern China?" CR Oct. 1937 p. 628.

K. Chmin Wong and Lien-teh Wu History of Chinese Medicine p. 3.

K. C. WongWas the Circulation of the Blood Known in Ancient 
China?"CMJ vol. XXXVIII no. 7(July 1924) pp. 577-578.

10 K. C. WongChang Chung-king The Hippocrates of China" CMJ 
vol. XXXVIII no. 11(Nov.1924) pp. 940-944.

1929꣬񷢱йҽѧѧĹסָҽһй
ԼҵĲ֮ͬͻǿЩ֮ͬ
֮Ͳ֪ظһ˵ͼ˴ӡ
󡱡Щӹҽѡźҽһ𣬾֡ǿ
йҽβһĹغ׼ģԼеְҵ
ʶܶԲƲʹ۽ͣԵġѧĺ
ϵƵģͷԵĹ۲;顭ʷ۵Ļ
ҽͬʱҸҲһģֵýи
оܵΪֹ͡ 1932꣬ʮʱ
׫дӢľйҽʷ棬ǰбҪй
ҽѧҪֵΪһоЩŬı˴ǰй
Ӣҽʱġʧ״̬ھʿҽҽԺ
ԵĿϲӰ졣

ҽѧʿרҵרҵ̶ȵоƵĸҲ
ڿչҽҩڵо¼Ժʿҽ
ࡣӦأǰȺǿרҵʸ񡣡־ר
Щ⡣ڽ̻ҽԺԺ(W. A. Tatchell)Ⱦҽ
ѧʿƾҪרŵҽѧίԱ飬ѧҽѧԺ
רҵγ̵ıҵͬʱйĹѧ̽
һʱڣѾרעҽҵٱҪ󴫽̡ˡ1913꣬
ʿҽڱ˵һҽѧᣬǴʿҽѧ硰ͳһж
йҽѧˮƽķҪһݽ̻ѧҽѧԺ1930
ϳ6˷ջֵ֧ıЭҽѧԺҲഫʿҽ
ЩѧԺķչʹһйĴʿǣܸԽʦоԱ
ݱȽרעؿҽҩҲΪʲôҽĴʿǶҽѧԺ
Եʡ

ȻѰζĻЩʿҽĻǱĬءǰ
ᵽĪ˹ͺҽͬĿֻλЭ
ҽѧԺĽѧڿ(E. V. Cowdry)ڸЩʱƱ
йҽѧʱ˵˺Ͷ֮ĺͽǲɱ
ģһ˫ܵȥͱ˴˲ͬ۵˼ǷǳҪġ
ȥĶϰףΪֵĶûģĳ̶ֳ
ð˵ģţǲƵģǿйĻ
չĸһͬ⣬ֵõġ

K. C. WongChinas Contribution to the Science of Medicine
" CMJvol. XLIII no. 12(Dec. 1929)pp. 1193 1194.

K. Chmin Wong and Lien-teh Wu History of Chinese Medicine preface to the first 
edition p. VII.

1900196ʿҽй1913ﵽ450ˣ 1925ȫʢʱ
ﵽ600ˡ1920괫ʿҽԺ326ǵʱȫҽԺһ롣Yuet-wah
Cheung Missionary Medicine in ChinaA Study of Two Canadian 
ProtestantMissions in China Before 1937 Lanham MDUniversity Press of 
America 1988p. 111.

W. A. TatchellThe Qualification of the Medical Missionary 
"CRJune 1909 pp. 321-325.

A. H. SmithThe Main Events of the Year in China asRelated 
to Missions" CR Jan. 1914pp. 12-13.

William G.LennoxMedicalMissions"; Orville A. Petty 
Laymens Foreign Missions InquiryFact-Finders Reports China p. 437.

E. V. CowdryThe Divergence of Art and Medicine in China
Some of Its Causes and Consequences "CMJ vol. XL no. 8(Aug. 
1926) p.797.

ֵһǣȳ1930ڷйѧʷ(ϲ)鱨
˽֮ͬ顱ĹĪ˹˵Ҫüꡣ

ʿҽ֮ʱڻʶѧǳǿѧ
к˴ʿйҲܵйĻӰҪءڻ
̶ĸ»(Earl H. Cressy) 1919ʱ˵(ʿ)Żһ
鵽ԶһжҲԼϢȥʱ
ı䶫ʱԼȴıˡʵʶתǣ⣬
б½Դʿй۵Ӱ죬Ҳڵһ
սڻ˶ɺͶйͳĿݡʸ
ʿ1918桶ᴫʿֲᡷȰǡֻп
ģǲܵõõ;ֻаõĸȥǲʹй˿
ǴǵõģйҪĺͱҪġйĻĿ
1894дй˵ʡʱѴྶͥáʿ
ڵļʿʶйĻ·̣޵

ӦָҽСͬ顱͡⡱Ĵʿҽռ
ֵÿǵġʹСͬ顱ҪŪҽҲסʿҽ
ձΪҽ׾ú޵ݡд̫⣬
ݻ˷ѽ⡣Ҫҽֻвֽܹһ
˲⡣ڽͲͳһ۵ȵȣһЩȻز˺
ǡӺĺ塣ݿ֪֮ʶġԳ
ԡ˵ܺõ˵һģʽĺ壺ҪȤ
˽ййҪѧϰ˵ףʿҽҽ
ȤҲֻǴڡ˽⡱Ľ׶ζѣй˴ģҽѧϰʺ͹
ģϲͬն

Daniel H. Bays &Grant Wacker The Foreign Missionary Enterprise at Home
Explorations in North AmericanCultural History Tuscaloosa and 
LondonUniversity of Alabama Press 2003 p.191.

John L.Rawlinson The Recorder and Chinas RevolutionA
Topical Biography of Frank Joseph Rawlinson Notre Dame Indiana
CrossCultural Publications Inc. 1991 p. 248.

Arthur H. SmithThe Relations between Missionaries and the
Chinese "in Arthur H. Smith ed. A Manual for Young Missionaries to
China p. 60.

Lian Xi TheConversion of MissionariesLiberalism in American Protestant 
Missions inChina 1907-1932 University ParkThe Pennsylvania State 
University Press1997.

Our Book Table "CRNov. 1934 p.715.

޿ģ20֪֮ʶշ룬ʷܡ 
19984ڣ21ҳ


رǽʿҽ徭ƽӡ
׶ΡǿǣǼͬʵġѹŴ
ѧĻһйͳҽѧҽѧ͹۵ļֵͲ㣬
ʶ߶ﻹǡͬ顱⣬Ӱ쵽ҽֵжϡʶһ
йԼҽǷĺڹҲӰ߶йҽѧ⡣
Щʷе䣬ǿһЩҽѧʿҽӺų⣬
һЩʿҽѧ˶йҽѧĴ澴⣬йҽѧʷ
Ļĵطҽۺо߾ķḻںֻǼ򵥵
϶񶨡ǿġֻЩͨķʽйӪ˲
Чй˵˽йҽѧļֵ

ʿҽйҽѧ̽Żҽѧҵ˳йȫֹ
俪˵ʶҽĹڼڹҽѧԺɽƽ
ʱоҽڡʵһдԸǡ
һЩӢѧһҽ׵ľ޴󱦿ܹȥùѧĸ
оšЩ岢עĽ
ڸ㷺϶ཡĹס20ҽٴӢ˹
˹شѧۺϽϵоԱϣ(Volker Scheid)ڡйҽѧͳĳ
һУ˵оĿǡҽΪһֻĴͳ˵ִ
ͳٵҪ֮һǴͱԼԣʷѧ
ĿĵĹؼ֮һоʷϴʿҽҽ壬Ҳ


Edward H. HumeDoctors East Doctors WestAn American Physicians Life in 
China pp. 277-278.

Judith FarquharKnowing PracticeThe Clinical Encounter of Chinese Medicine p. 
229.

Volker ScheidCurrents of Tradition in Chinese Medicine 1626-2006 Seattle
Eastland Press2007p. 384.

ڡʷо201005

(XYS20230407)

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys8.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

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Feb 1
ڵĶ̥ö̥ҩֱˡ̥ҩFDA20ǰ׼ġ
ڷ̥֯FDAҪ󷨹оضԸҩ׼صڵ
һķ̥󰸣ܿоҩСͥǱ
ռ߷Ժ˵ԱΪݾͲܷ̥Ӱ졣



@fangshimin

Feb 1
һʮ16ߣзݣҵ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1620963066786750465?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 1
ɽİɫݶڱɫݶȡɽ½𽥴ӰɫȾɫ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1620973572671049733?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 1
Ұ(milkmaids)ʱ(California four o
clock)ʥǸ㶹(San Diego pea)ǻ(Clevelands 
shooting star)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1620981740297912320?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 1
һĿ̫ϸЬϵɱͻ롣ǲɱǰʵ飬
֤Գʱ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1620997478219919366?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 1
ѧάΪڣϹоƬڿԼĲӡô
Ӧü֧оƬֵ֧ľǺ顣
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621006707190272001?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 1
оѧģ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621020324237283328?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 1
˵ˣҪһڷԣʹƲãΪÿ껹׼
ԪҪЩǮˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621028666565332992?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 1
һΪǵﺰıۡΪ˵û
ĹٷڸͽСıۡԲѰ¼ɣǲ
ıۡЩǵԡŮ¼ӦҲǺıۡġ



@fangshimin

Feb 1
̫֪ABORhѪϵͳOѪҲRhԣORhѪ
ȺдԼռ7%ô֪ĹȴҪϢܲ
ȴԼ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621045357789732865?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
ڶ԰û˵ʲôӵЬԣӦͬЬӵЬ
ԲϽЬܲܳؼؼһ
ЬܳԾô˵ۻȻ벻Ҫ
еǡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621212883634864128?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 2
֪ҽɾ˵±Ѱ£˵ҲϽݾ
ֳСܵϵʽϺЬסӣٰ
ЬϵϣҪгĵ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621220360602652672?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
㣺ҵ4.5ף1.47ףС1.73ף
Լ0.2ףͷԼ0.2ףݴ˴ҵ1.3ס22.6ס
ֱ0.11ףܳ0.17ףܳԼ0.35ףЬٵ
0.2ףӳҪ3.3סЬ1.47ףӻˣ

https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621244035024437248?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
һ߹ܡںȾʱ͸¶˵²죬͵
˺䶯û߹ܣ²ô£ӽҼ٣
²
https://youtu.be/cJUgFYGC9Aw

You Retweeted

@yiyansheng

Feb 2
̫
https://twitter.com/yiyansheng/status/1621187055387824128?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
ഺɱ뷨ĳʵʩ١йͷ֤
ɱҼȻŵǡԼȥ¥Ҳ¥Ҫɱȴѡ
ҹڸЬϵѶȽϸߵɱʽɱǰû¼
ԣֻ˵˵ǲ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621304663508385792?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 2
Ϸһٶ죬ܿλȱʧθڿ飬ҽ̫
ˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621316413125443584?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
ΪʲôҪǰ󷴴ñ˶·ᵼж㣬Ҫ
ϵĸѶȶ㡣Ǳ˸ģͱ
ˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621331243966283777?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 2
˲ǡ״̬ʹϵʱСеģϢʱ˻

https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621342446742568961?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
˵˹ַǳݿѧͿѧңڵǿԳƱ˭
Ŵѧѧʷķʿ֪˹ʱŴѧǱģ
ѧұạ̊́߱߱ŴѧάҲ
̡СһҪʲô̶ȲŻΪ˹ֶħ޸衣
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621349201379753984?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
Ұ廨(California blue bell)(California 
wood sorrel)ˮè(Clearwater cryptantha)Ͽ(blue dicks)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621362380872761344?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
湫ڶԡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621371892702810112?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
廨غֻ2019ҼҸһС
ͬһطһƬĳʢ2019ꡣ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621380964806168576?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
Ѿץôҥˣȵ̺ʽˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621388136021655552?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
Ժǰÿ˷ʱֻһӣ˵ü١͵һԺͷ
񱨸һһԱίԱᣬԺٷˡ
͵ǲΪһֱȨ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621395609273106432?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2
ʡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621403606531592192?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 2

https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621411228420804609?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
˼ʣ˺֤ݡһǲҪһΡ
Ⱦ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621590230141894656?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 3
ǰҲЬ˵ģǰЬһӳһ
ͼ2009ӷɳЬˣЬ
ӳȣһЬأҴ֮ٳ

https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621594454888157184?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 3

ϴع˵С·Ըůñ˶ñӾû
ˣҲˣůôǣƪϴء⡰ıۡ
ΪŰΪǲҲݡŮϴأʱҲ
ıۡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621600686072025088?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ǰǡɻŻǡٴɻŻ
йеǴɻ˲š
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621607709442473984?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ձΪġ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621642179184840704?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 3
ݸɽѩǼʮģȫݴ󲿷ֵǸɺȫů֮
ǲǸɺĶҲҪˣȻɺ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621660683053174784?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ϲӭᡱǼ䣬Ѹصκκۼ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621672158320820224?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 3
ɻ򲻿ɿ̨ʾź
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621680290606497792?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
йַ͵ɱûͳưǹܺ
ϣͳƵġ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621684261316329473?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ڵ쵼£ĺĹ£йȡΰʤÿ칦
ĺҹˡ˲Ͳˣ˰
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621696698639863809?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 3
Ұ(California wood sorrel)Ů(red maids)
(California poppy)ݹľտ(California bush sunflower)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621706913959542784?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
Ʒǰ߱˴ǿ Ӣǰ
սʧ֡˱ֵùУƣذܡ⣬
ɢ̫ϢһһʹýŶӰ
졣
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621719926317944832?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ʱԶΪʦѧѧ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621736458037133314?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ڷݳвҪֹн̷оĴѧԤ޿γ
󣬸ѧԤ޿γ̵ĴѧίԱݳɾ˽ܺҲ
ȡСݡŵݳвҪֹŵݸн̱˸
һѧԤ޿ΡԺҲйһ̲ɴ쵼
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621739347673493505?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
йʽ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621748198753841152?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
ݵĽʮǰֿ֧ǹѡ49%66%Ҫ
ǹ͵ڼԽԽˣԿǹĹ͵Ըߴ78%87%֧
ǹ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621752831538761732?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 3
2022167һָǰ10:Ų䡢
ʿ̨塣10:顢ʡзǡ
ǡչ˹̹էáΡǡйרƣ
15612ǻƣ88ȱ30
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621765442846199808?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
ĸ˵ԭĳTʬûˣֻһǷ
ġΪʲôǰҪѵ£ѵȣ˵ŷ
Զ˵СʱЬģƬЬ
ñ棬ҲʬƤɼ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621780754522071046?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
ţǲֿҪйûйʲô£йӮˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621945893070200832?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 4
Ѱ˵ʧʱǻưɫаﾭЬϿƺҲ
ˡʬֳֵǻƸ߰﷫Ьô£߳ѧУЬ
ˣ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621937677112344577?s=20


Tom Tom
@MikeJac12095560

Feb 4
Replying to 
@fangshimin
пǶʵֳʬֳƬԶԱȾͺˡ


@fangshimin

Feb 4
Replying to 
@MikeJac12095560
һžʬֳƵͼ



@fangshimin

Feb 4
ǰмʵ̽÷ֺʬĵطƵ˵ǰ
ԣ洦ɼйľԱ˵Ǹûû
ѹľ˭ģ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621959857636274176?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
¼кܶΥʶĹ֮ٷ˵Էˡɵ
¼ģıۡʱɵأ
ı
https://youtu.be/BcIcEs7SH28

Zhu-Xing Liang
@ZhuXingLiang55

Feb 4
Replying to 
@fangshimin
վм߶ȵĳ̨ϣܷؾܰײȥȻ̨
յʱ΢һ¶ƽشתƵЬ
ϡ˫ʱÿЬֻһأ2.8ҵİȫϵ85*2/60
˲ûжϵ


@fangshimin
һϴعЩǵĽƱ硣˫ʱÿЬֻ
һءѵСɱǰˣ֪ЬܳأԲ
ͨ뷨ЬһЬ˶ٱİȫϵ
ЩΪŰϴعǺĵġ


@fangshimin

Feb 4
ڽС̺ʽʱĴεֺʬ棬
Ϊ߲ҽȥֻ۲졣Ǿʬ5塢ףȻŲ
ʬζ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621977476108009472?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
ݻ᲻гʢר˵Ҫûиꡣͺε
гʢ2оͿʼˣûйϵˡҵĹ۲죬
ͺεѾ˳ʢǰסͺεʢʱ2е4
Уߺεġ¡
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1621992170667507714?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 4
زǷ300Ԫ⣬190Ԫѯѡ20Ԫ˽˷ɻ
ãˡ߹ܵԪǲɢҲûСǮ
ԸϧҵûǮˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622004482648465409?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 4
Ͽյй̫ܰ壬һĶƣй⽻֮Ϊ
˷֮ͧΪҪ׼ȷͨҪΪһռ
Сʱͻй䡣̫ܱΪʱ䡢;Ƶġ
ʲôõģҪʲô豸֪
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622019702599086080?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 4
̨ھһ̨ڷСʬֳѰСķ
Ϊء
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622044120394125312?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
ĺʬֳԭͼͷͽżķȻ෴ġǾ
һģǲӱŤˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622054597190885376?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
վF-22ս䵼й˷ͧڴ̲к
⽻ǿҿ顣ױǡ˹˵ǷһƵ
ǲҲоڲɿգɶͬʱ
˷ͧо
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622066493973483520?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
Ұ뻨(Parry's phacelia)ľ(western sycamore)
ӻ(fuchsia flower gooseberry)β(black sage)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622074640549171200?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
ӦǶݸպѧоԺʹÿƵƽͧ
СΪʲôһӳң
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622083464169418753?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 4
ӦֳƵǽڡɶϡЬ·棬
·۵˵ڲӺģӺǰգȽ
֣ܲȻ֪ܲһ㶼ڲǰǰգѹ־
ʾͼҪͷУǳɫģϵĺɫУɫ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622091931647082497?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 4
Ьȥ£ЬһҲûС
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622099827466326016?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 4
˵ɱôΪڸ
ࣿͬ߼һͨũôý
ڸࣿѵŮС÷ôڻС÷ȥ
ŮϣҪڸеԭ򣬱ΪάȣΪ˵ط档



@fangshimin

Feb 5
Ҳ˵ЬߵͣʬֳֵǿЬʽԲǺǿΪ
ЬЬͷͼֳǿûС
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622316301086789633?s=20


Li.
@CommunismLight

Feb 5
Replying to 
@fangshimin
ԼỻЬ


@fangshimin

Feb 5
Replying to 
@CommunismLight
Ǻ˼Ӱ˼ǺֶѧУƵ͵͵
Ьˣ㻹˵ѧУߺ˫Ь



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ʬ巴·ʵи򵥵Ľ͡Ѿ߶ȸܵʬ
ҵϺ뵽Ӧø·ǸƸԭͼľһ
ĳΪʵǷ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622333736393277440?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ŦԼʱע⵽ȥ12ºͽ1йԺʿڳ֪Ϊ
ͳƵǹͱҽĽڡͳ廪ͱ󣬶Աȸˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622339901495853057?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ĳTػճѪֻۣöԻͬ·
ʬ岻¡УãҲ׸㵽ͬֻʬ崩һ
Уû·ϵԵ̫ˣУҲ
ǾǺҷôǼTΪ֪ˣ


@fangshimin

Feb 5
ҼҸһ²ȥСٲͭϪٲھȻӿȡסʥ
Ǹɽмٲ̹ٲѩϪٲٲӦ
׳ˡô꣬ǿٲĺʱ򡣵Ȼϼݵٲ
ٲûȣɫֵصعϼݵҰȫ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622364286172667904?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ʯ׶㣬ɽҰİ׶㡣
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622410982332203008?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
մй˷ͧ£йҪҲӦ⽻飬Ϊʲô
ǹ飿ѵǾķͧǰйҲ¹ɵйյ
˿


@fangshimin

Feb 5
Ұϼ(Southern California clematis)
(coast paintbrush)(milkmaids)ǻ(Clevelands 
shooting star)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622428255595950080?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ʵܴ쵼쵼ϽΪ´
͡쵼ûҪдΪġ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622438250815299585?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ʵϣ˫ûʲôʣйϢԼ
飬ء
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622448151620898819?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
߶Ƚӣһֱ۾ʬֳδ۾ӦǶ˻ˣ
ҵͬ۾Ҳ֪۾ˣԾҪҵǷ
۾
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622456477867974659?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
άΪ˵ɲӵġȺߡǹ׼ɱȫֻ
֡ȺߡάΪ˭أ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622471611340447746?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 5
뿪ѧУʱֻ10ԪǮ¼ʡһƻȥѧУ
Աɱ˻ųԷʹ㻨Ǯͨѣҹã¼ʾ˵
Ҫԣȴû¼һ䡰Ѿûˣ
ˡǲԼ˭棿¼Ҫ¼̸ݵģ



@fangshimin

Feb 5
ıɱʬԴҪһʬʧǺѵģ԰
ɱαװɱǳַҲ¶й£ֻҪ
쵼˵ɱҪ֤ɱ㲻Ҳ÷ץ㡣ӥȮ
ëʹıۣҪչء
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622492563570855940?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
ϣ˲ŻȰ˱رǴαߡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622675058262163456?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 6
ϸԱȹں¼ıɷַ֮һЩԽ͵ɵ㣬
ҷʱйغ¼Ĵɵ
https://youtu.be/WuP_ptOBi_M



@fangshimin

Feb 6
ǺԼ·ô
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622666384168865792?s=20


the_color_maple
@the_color_maple

Feb 6
ȫܣȻͷŴϡֻ
Ŀʲô

Liu1901
@Liu19011

Feb 6
Replying to 
@the_color_maple
 and 
@fangshimin
һñ¡СɱĿֻǽñӸסڱǡҲ
Ϊסʱ䣬Ӷʹࡣ



@fangshimin

Feb 6
Replying to 
@Liu19011
 and 
@the_color_maple
Ь·ģѵ֮ǰҪñӸסڱǣԼǾΪ
15Сһǣϴء


SУ
@top2loser

Feb 6
Replying to 
@fangshimin
ʦŮʿȹкܶ඼ڱġ


@fangshimin

Feb 6
Replying to 
@top2loser
ϲҶԱȵϴعࡣ


@fangshimin

Feb 6
ҴԣҲС
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622705550873202690?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
ôй˷ͧͻȻͬʱϿգʲôʾ⣬
Ȼ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622741499921448960?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
йٶ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622757152128638976?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
о֤Ϊʲôй򣬻䣬
ˣ֤ΪʲôҪйЦսУ
СۣйҪҲҪأҲõڲ
йղС
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622765862100017152?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
ҰϿ(blue dicks)ʥǸ(San Diego bed straw)
ëҶݶ(woolly leaf ceanothus)ݹľտ(California bush 
sunflower)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622792755637518339?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
ĴѧйоĹţղصЩ϶ûա˰ɡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622814008985391104?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
109ղõ¼ʣ¼106յƵ˭ģ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622805530959044609?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 6
¼鵽6¼ʼĵΪõ¼ʲ¼
ʵ¼ֻǼĵѧУ9պͨ¼ʵ£
֪Ѿĵڵõ¼ʡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622827540145668097?s=20

turman
@Alan25272568

Feb 6
Replying to 
@fangshimin
Ҳһ106пгһЩԻƵصǲҪģ
ʵǸߴÿƵʲôʲô˵?ⲻ
֤?


@fangshimin

Feb 6
Replying to 
@Alan25272568
103µĶ5վ͸ÿݵˣ6ճԣԽˣ



@fangshimin

Feb 6
980ԪһܿǸ˹ӷⲤܣֲһҲ30Ԫ
ҡ128ԪһĲݮɶƷֵģҲݮܿͻˣ˾ͱ128Ԫһ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622836269658275840?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
˼̡Ǵš̡ιͼ鼦Щ׶԰
ʦҲ˵õʦ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622846454783180800?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 7
ǷڣѾûˡǺʼǱ¼ձӰߡ
̨еһ䣬ôͬѧ˵Ļˣɼıȫں
ࡢ١
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622871849788145665?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 6
˵ֳôӦָסë֯Һ
ֳиҺõ֯䵽ʬ·Ŷԡǲ
ǻӦʲôģھΪҷߣȥҲ
ô֤Щô֤ǵһֳ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1622699039446945792?s=20


·
@UQCrDVOM9MSa5kF

Feb 6
Replying to 
@fangshimin
µĿûвӬɣ


@fangshimin

Feb 7
Replying to 
@UQCrDVOM9MSa5kF
йϷĺ¡Ǧɽʮ¡ʮһ¶ʮء


@fangshimin

Feb 7
˵վУ˼öŴй봽ۿģ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623028975596613632?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
̳ˡй߿򡱣60ףɳ1֣ж
ϵͳͶԿƺйٷ˵ǡ˷ͧ׼ȷȻ˵õģ
ļҹ˾İ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623034049513291776?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
һο߶ҽ׵İͽԽһ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623044588146655232?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
˼
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623071604577275904?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
ûиȾ¹ڣǲ¹ڣ쵼˵㡣
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623098337045123073?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7

https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623113268444434432?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
ҰʥǸջ(San Diego fiesta flower)ʱ
(California four oclock)ľﻨ(red bush monkey flower)Ͽ
(blue dicks)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623151857416949760?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
ݵǵĹݽȻûᵽйȴ񶾹䣬
⽻ǿҿ顣
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623164950847057921?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
¡Դɿ㡷
https://glory-amphibian-43c.notion.site/9c6ebd66ab8c492dac519dbd326603
61
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623174174658400291?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
ElsinoreڵĳʢѾʼˣ굱Сȫرղ
ýҪȻýΪ2019ﳬʢʱƻءƬ
2019ﳬʢʱģɾˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623186598505615361?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
͵˰ɫݳݵǵĹģ˵ڰݵһƬڰ
⡰ż񡱡Ǯ޵С˵ǰɫɣ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623194170679754753?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
Ǿ̨㲻ϣ֤
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623204519214739456?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 7
ڴййͨܡйӮˡ
ûףйʵȨֻǾίίԱѣӦҾί
ϯͨ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623213728278667264?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 7
20216ձ̨ϿշֵĲԭͬй˷ͧ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623221958937812993?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ôϺڣʱİ̧
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623236356964249601?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 8
̻ܶûл˸ߣȴΪúܣæٸϴء
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623405024482332674?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 8
ǻǶȣôں¼ĸɵ㣺ͬЬʧT
Уʧ۾ȵȣͶ˼˵Ľ͡ʱƽ
¼ĸɵ
https://youtu.be/CVP4Sh3_rPQ



@fangshimin

Feb 8
½ƵҲǵ̾ȻҲ״
ЦңƻĶһ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623398317593071616?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
Һͻ½ûʲô𣬺ǰڵߵʱйֻ
ͶƣƵǮ칫ںţ̲ȴߣͳ
ӡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623423631627010053?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ݵ¡ؽӢС̡С̨
https://twitter.com/i/status/1623432077520818176



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ݵڹݽ͵ԱǾڵ½һ桢ò
ҲûСԺǲǻҪڹܣ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623471309517885442?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ElsinoreϿȹر֮ǰɼʱȥƬѾɽ
ҰˡȥҪġ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623478151648247810?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
йƼ˾ҲˣҪöдʣ˷
ۣҪץʦ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623499078872236032?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ǵһܴһܽɣؾݴ˷ۣ
ıۡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623484635471818752?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 8
ûС·ʮβʳӡҥԡ˵˵ǳԵ⡱
˵Ƿ֮ܶųֵģ䱬޹ء¬
¼ᵽ仰˵ĳ˵ġ֪ѧǵ



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ҰŮ(red maids)پ(fiddle necks)צ(corn 
spurry)ˮè(Clearwater cryptantha)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623513457009238016?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
¡ڵ̲80
https://glory-amphibian-43c.notion.site/80-9f72914c06184a2b847edff7ee4
34eca
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623526917952647168?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 8
Сʱûƣڡ֪ͨҲûʹá֪ڲ
ʲôǲĄ̊́Ŷûˣʲô¹ֱӷ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623540162289610752?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 8
ԭϯѧġǲҪܲзԣ
https://twitter.com/i/status/1623544920110948354


@fangshimin

Feb 8
ߡͶıߣдĶýͲţ
ֻýϷȻйˡıйгأ漰
ģٷ֧֡
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623552279805820932?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
йֿʼжˣô¹Դͷ˦˸ˣ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623558831954599944?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
˵йվںϵһ֧˷ͧӣѶʮ
и߿졣2020ŷִ£ʮĶ
ЩҪ˹ľ»أҲȥӡȡ̨塣й
Կ



@fangshimin

Feb 8
ʤǿ˭ΪչйҵشףΪǽ¶أ
ԭǴĻ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623569844946739200?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 8
һܣ⽻Ҳա
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623579314154524673?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 9
й⽻˲սǾͲܴй
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623768111072833536?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 9
һӼӦμӶݳڻ¹ʵŷᣬڻ᳡
ֱ˵̫Ҫֱֹͣ뿪᳡ֱֹͣ
ڵأѰ¡ǷﱻЩ͵ԽԽ񹲲
ҡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623775096904232961?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 9
˾˳˼дһƪСģõԴǰٶġ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623782408419160064?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 9
һٶʮǰϼݳʢĲɫƬڸԻͣΪʱû
ô࿪ֲ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623813926143262720?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 9
Ϊǵй̳һλ׿ԽңƷзǳߵ
ֵԺ۸ʷͿˡʵҲֻдƪ˵
ûġ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623846703035199488?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 9
Ұëݢ(California buttercup)ݽ(California 
golden violet)ʱ(California four oclock)Ұ
(chilicothe)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623890477878743040?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 9
Ұȫˣ̵ֻصĻ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623896204357824515?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 9
оһܲܿ200ӣôѵ˵øĿڻشܡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623909991689375744?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 9
йɵ̨ϿգɵϿյͬҲ
򲻿ɿ̨Ͽյ
https://twitter.com/i/status/1623924544456228864



@fangshimin

Feb 9
͵ʹ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623929364969816067?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 9
վй֮ǰU-2и١㡢
ߣڼͨѶ֪й˾
йĹͬù˾ƲáԺ419:0ͨ飬Ǵ
ʹø߿ַȨ



@fangshimin

Feb 9
ɼʱǻİɡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623946831582621703?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
ɫݳ˵ûҪӭ˰ȥɫɫ
Ůõĵطȫ˵ݣλ18ԪЦȫ
ߵݣλ82ԪûҪݷӶ˭ģ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1623958446466015232?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
վԲ顣ԲıǴƽȣҲ¼ҹ˵Ļ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624127377646444544?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 10
Ͽյйй˵õġеģ˵Ǿõġ
ģ˭ǸǲûȨ
ʱйǸʲôģ
https://youtu.be/n-5ZqKKqJyM



@fangshimin

Feb 10
ˮ࣬Ҳ࣬ϸѾ䵽ҽϡΣҪ
Ⱦķڼݺ٣һ귢һңһ벡
ȾϵġҪڱݣϼݻûС
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624159597417332736?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
йֱ60ףԼ10סԼ30Ԫ
ҡǺ100ټϸ豸Ӧ
ͣ˵ȴĵˡǽڵۣüٿǮһ
׬ˡ


@fangshimin

Feb 10
й򱻵ʱûըӦǺ򣬹Ǻɱд
Լ3ǧԪȵˡҺǲϡȱԴٹһ
ϵĺͻľô˷ˡ



@fangshimin

Feb 10
й⽻ĳЩݿǽֹй÷ز˵
Υгù͹ó׹гġй
÷زҲкܶƣʹ˿Ҳֻһס
ǷΥгù͹ó׹йгģ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624192211016642561?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 10
йõĺһ1ǧԪֱ23ף2׸߿գӦø
йСࡣǸ۾һǧԪ
ˣ⻹豸ĳɱվڰ˹ӻһ߿
˷֪ʲô
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624214514668535808?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
Ұ³Ů(Brewer's red maids)ϡֲ
(California poppy)(California wood sorrel)ǻ
(Clevelands shooting star)
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624239269895372801?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
ֵˮˣѷµһ͵ٶȹģ
ҹ͡



@fangshimin

Feb 10
ƲüйṩͧزƷй˾
ֹ˾⡣Щ˾ԼվϾڴĺ
ҵԺҪ͡ǧ˼ƻһΪܡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624260100398661632?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 10
ֵǻʢļڡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624271301006479361?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 10
ѧںﻨɫķġﻨɫ˶ΪСRNAܹ
غϳɺܲصĶ١
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624286279117701122?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 10
ҼҶҰɽϼѾʼƬؿˣ˻ɽ겻г
ʢֲѧҲϣʢƻ̬ϵͳҾÿӦ
ÿģֻǲҪ뻨գҪժʹСյϣҺý
Ҳĳڻĸо
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624290597245968384?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
Щųȫķݵǹݽý嶼Ծذйй
ɾ˻ˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624301804690501632?s=20


@fangshimin

Feb 10
ݼ쳤ٱܻߵеĸ쳤칫ο󣬱
ߴˡͬͥͽ⣬⳥ǰ330Ԫ⳥
ɹ쳤⵽飬ȴȥƱΡǸ
ĵط
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624307271797977088?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
˵й⽻ǿҿݵڹݽй䡣ľ
ȻǡΥ⽻ǵĻ򡱣⽻𣿲ǽû
б⽻ŷĸҲɾˡ
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624315184130162693?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 10
Ͻʮ߿ѧѧڸߵȽмѵţȻ
ڿǰߵڻң
https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1624228144986341376?s=20



@fangshimin

Feb 11
ԭǱ⵳Ͻֻ֪ͨдʮĸʮȫж
ѧ

(XYS20230407)

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys8.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)
