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24.12.13-14ûи
24.12.15,˿202412º
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ǬܕF̸˼ĳŵʵӣҶӨʫ̸ôʫĺû
͡ȱޣףʮʮߣ


ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

һڣ
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˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
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ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺飮硡


ʫ졡

ξۣ硡졡ξۡ

ţ졡촶̣ҵİͼ
졡Կͯ
ġɳ𣿡졡Լʱ۵
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ԡޣĺͷ졡ɽȸУΪϤ
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졡صڹɽ빵
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Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

                   

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𣿡ĸ޴Ծ֮ǰʵ
һ⡣ԾǰǸ峿鷢ʡʱΪ
ѧʦĶӻش˵һһȥġ޴
УΪԼԾעţԲ棬
һѳ֮ù˹֪֮Ҫ֮ǽҲ
ҲʮԺ֥ӸѧʷϵİGuy S. Alitto
ڽ1980ķ̸飬Ȿ
̸𣿡ӦӢǡHas Man a Future?
ֱ˼ǣδ𣿡

ҶδһֱǱһֹ̬ȣΪ
ʱ᷸룬һЩ·ϻ۵·
͹ǽֱ֣ȴҿһ
ϸٹ̵Ӹԡ˽Ѫ飬Ŀǳָá
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ݷȴźʵʱһЮŸӾ޴
ѹȥѹֵıѪԼӱر˶Լֹ
ɣʡֹǲҲźܶʵäĿͿ

ĿѡѾĻѡǰܸߵѡ˹
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ٴγϵسɹѡӮ7ҡݵѹʤΪ
47ͳҳΪղԺԺ߷ԺġȨһ
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ģǷ߶ó׹˰ḾŮ̥Ȩ˳Э
ͳѡڿ̨棬´عš
ʷĽѵ1920Ҳй壬ִϸĹ˰ƶȣ
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ʱݣ֧Ӧ˱ˬֳƣδԤݲϣ
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ݵͳҲһְѺѾĴ©ķ
޲ȻάӱϵĹȻȴվ޷ֹ
Էڲ໵ֱһһεشƷϵŴװѷ
ӽ⣬еһչֵǰǲڷѲ
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Ż̸ɵıչ˶Խ塢ķ񷴻Ŀ
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ҪɱɣǻʧȥɣᱻΪſѧ
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ĸȾЩͼƽҥԵŬôάЧ΢
ЧŽᲢѴ˵ĳʶԣͷǽ׾ٵսʤ
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ԮֵĹҵҲֻԸ⡢عԼӣԸ
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ĿꡣĳЩܴڵĽַγ۷ҥԷˣ
һǿеļͻ൱ѡӺѡ˵ִ
ƷУֻͬԼԱƥĺѡˣҲԸ֮
罫޷졢СֻǰûС

ǲòϣƶʼ޷塢飬Ҳ
˵֪ӡЩܹߵȽˣҲ᷸ä
󡢲ȫֵĴֻҪȻѡʽƶȣǾͲò
ƶѡ쵼ֻܴҵƽѧʶˮƽѡһ
Ļ̥Ķߡ塢彫ںܳһʱΪƶȵ
Ʒ˺ͬʱҲһ̶ϾʾӢԵײĺӻ
ôصĺǲָѡٽ˵֪ƫִ
⡣ҪǾձ顢̵Ĺʶ߼ѵ
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ѾӹƶϽȨ뻥ƺƣ´Ѿ
ʽϴﵽˡȨһҲȻҪܵ͵ڲܷԼ
޷ΪΪѾЧ235ܷǷܹסһڵ
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䡢鲢ȡڵֲ֧ܴһûеߵĺ
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ԣ󣬵ֻһУ

֪ͨ

2024.11.17

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Aûɶǲǵģÿ˶Լˣڴûûѵ
ĸӵ[CoolGuy]

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5̫˺ɫвһ¡̫ܶ˲֧ɫСɫкɫ
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61988ĶġﶼܿWherever They 
Can See Itͷдŷ޲ûпʼ̫˵ծ񣻶
һȺһȺ޹񡪡˹̹˸ۡ
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9KZQ_dB-qXjTTlkpAXSfcA

Թ

ԳͻϿ̸ģвͬ

Ǹѽ˼룬˵ǻ඼пܶôͿ˵
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սǣ̫ิӵ⣬ÿ鶼Ҫ˼ĶĶ

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˵þĴģһԵģҾǵġ

ġԵ-³ЧӦûһ

D-K Effect

׻˵֪ηʶӳһֳ֪ƫ
Լȱʱ򣬷ԼӵĹƫߡ

ָBertrand Russel )

- **"ϵ鷳ڣʮ㣬߳ǡ"**The 
trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the 
intelligent are full of doubt.

ôأ

ҪͻӰ졣

Է̸˵Ҫ֮ģкġ

ر˼ǣ⣬һġ

˼˵˶ԷҪøЩ֪ġ

Ծǲͣؽͣؽͣ˵

λǶ̬ġûԤ֪˭֪˭η۳ס

ϵͳﻰࡣǲκȻȷûһݡ

ʲôöйɫҪζ

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ǴѩǸƮѩǸƮ

ÿѩʱҾͻ᲻غ⼸ʣͬʱĺͷ


ǼСĺӣҲΨһкǸձȴر
һö࣬١Gʮһֻһһ
ɴȡޡΪ˺ȡ㣬Ҳᡣ
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˳үү뷨ȡ㡱ǳֱףФ
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ڵȥˡүүȥ󣬼ʧȥһҼҵľѩϼ
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˵ǡ



Ժ󣬶ҪŵĻҪңٰ׵һ죬ȥ
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ĻӴӼö绻ԣʱʱһ
ͭۻԱõһƣȻ˵һëĻë֪ʱһ
Ի7Ǯһܻͭ2ëһλӾһԪӪҵԱ
ӪҵԱ˵ֵһ顣

Һͽ˺硣һȺСۻԱʣҪɶ
С˵ֽۻԱ˵һ㣬û塣˵
ֽȺĪЦֽǮˡ
ֽʱͰǮңȥ򡣻ǸۻԱʣ
ֽŪɶ˵˱ۻԱ˵
㿴ޡߺһȺ˺ôЦ



ĸʮޣһµظֻǿ֧
ĻҪѧֻҸ׺ͶһµĹ
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ʱҳɣҳԺɵʱҳ԰ɡ

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ĸȻˣȻ˲ϹҡĸסСŮסᡣ
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ϣ˫ֶСŮڹȥذŮƨɾȻ
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˿ˡ˿Ժӵеʯͽǽǽ֮䡣Ҽסʮ죬
ȻýγѴ˻ȥ

ģ

ˣũʼˡÿ첻ȥѧȥˡӳ
һ򣬶͸ŮȥͶȥˡûˣҲûӦĸ
һλĽ㡢ѧļһĸ
׳ԷʱһڿϺġڿϹȥͷʱÿ
ǽϵ֡ͳһӡȥġľ֡ǣ
й꣡ұǣëϯ꣡

극һҪŶȥҸŶ㣬ŸŮȥ
··иߴͩɴ׳Ƥֲڣÿ֦ĩ˶һ
һͩЩѡǳ쳤ŵģ֦Ϸ񶶶
Сͩûлȴѳë޵Ҷܴ󣬵չ
һһӳƽءͶһˣͣϢү
壺ʮţסһţޣ̧و
񴺰ѵƽúãȿϳԵņ̃ͷ죬ɫģɫ
һֱܣһڹڵϣǶڹͷ֪ʲ
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ڵСͺһڵܡ֪ģͻȻ
ÿһ£;úۡǱ߿ȱܣڴͷ
ʱܸоϵһһءصңһͷɵϡ
ϣ˯ţͻȻоҪ£չӣһɺɫĶ
һһǽĸ׺ͶϽȥӣ°ٺҡҺ֣
ƽʱĽʱ࣬ǽϵ²ϴ˱ӡڿ
Ժʮ죬Զһ죬Ҹоõˣҽ˵
ɶĸ׸Ͻվӣϵӣ˵ȡһ!
˵ţȡһɡ֪硱ǺóԵģĸױܿ
ĸҳԵĺöıڿϵʮѾͬ
ĲûͦߵĹˡĸ׸˵ȥˡũ˰Ѹ
ϰ˽µġ˭زˣҲ˵ȥˡֹ˼죬һ
ڿϣ˲֪ȥͻȻ뵽ǰһҴӱ
ŵӣͷؽǰǰһг·˵
㴩Ӷ˵˿ﺰţ
ųӹȥˡǰһǰһ޶ûСұߣ
ſʱҷҼҴұмԼһɫëϯҿ
ëϯһʥԺСңޣ㼸ˣ
˵Һͷĺͬġĸ׾͸Ͻֹ˵Ժٲ˵
ˡ

ӳҵıӺҲͬӳŮ֮ӣ
ԶӳѺС˼˺ʣ㼸ˣ˵
Һͺͬġ

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֪ʲôʱһƬƬĵ޻ҸŶһԱȥ硢
βݣоܿ֡һ죬ӳ˵޶׽ӣʮ
һӡҺܸ˵ƿͬȥ޻׽ӡҾ޻Ļ
ͦÿģзۺġзۻƵġз۰׵ģÿ仨඼һֻɫ
СӣѳӷӵһŤһŤģͦɰժһ
ɫĻͷˡۺɫĻŽ۰͸ÿ
˵Ҳһ仨޻ܰ޻֦Ҷɢеζ
šëݳúܸߣëССĹһͷ̽޻Ҷ棬
ܽͬʱҲ¶Լ˰εȥιţץŵ泤
ܳÿһ֦϶иݹ̶ڵϣһŴ
еĸ˳ϣмץһݣţܰԡȻ
Զޣʲô˳Ӹ߸ߵ޻
ȥһԭһ޻һץмһСӣ
ظպ÷һѣѲץҶӵ¡ŷ
С񵰣ȸһȸҳԹҼҷܵ¾кüȸѡ
ĸ˵˶ȸ˶ཿȸѷ͵©꣬
ȸ͵ȻȸͿյĵطϡͳȸҳԡ
ȸȻζҲϡ˵⼸ûȥԡ˵
Ҫóԣ˵ⲻǷɳ棨ȸǽǽǵʣ
ǽʲôһûǽްɡǾͼ׽
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صͷǹߣҲ׽˾ͻﵽһӹϲʱ
һ󡰸硱¼ӽӦĸ¼µˡΪҼҵĸ
˵ͻ᰺ͷԺ硢硢ΣؽкһӡǰѹҲ
ŽһӲɡ˵˵Ųţ
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ӹȥߺǱֻҪ²Ǻܶĵطһһ
ÿ϶ͻ㣬ȡˮû
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Զ־߲ݵҩġһֲҩŶգźܳӣҶӾ
ʦ칫ϵĵҪںڵ˵ڸɺ
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ϧժܿˣʺϴҴԱߵĺժһ
ҲǷɫģƨǣţûǣţİѺ
ͷϡ֪ΪʲôһѰѻڵϣƺҶĸ
˺ܴ࣬Ҷͷ˺һƤٰҶһ۶ϣƤ˺һأ
һҲ۶´Ƥ,ظ,γԭһӣ
ӹҵ˫ϣ˵ඣҶû
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ˣһһȵڶʳĴæʱڡ糿Ͱҹ
ﶼԶû˼ʲ
ôڽСʸףҲû˵ǰһ˼ʮĶӣ
Ӳ඼ˡ˵ʼհɣȴȫգ
ջȥǸɵģҲ򡣿ǵϾ˱꣬Сȫĵˡ
˽ܲʵˣȰҪն
٣ܱȿҪáȻ˵һ˶ὲƺ
û˼Ǿʲôӣ˵ءÿ
ĴæʱҪȫԱǽϵšڶʳ֣
ȱ˿˵šӻƣŮ´׷˭
ʱ򲻳ɫҪӳҳ˿ûͬ顣
ͷµأȥ渾ŮӸ󣬴ң
ĸľͺСʰʰʱּһС񣬸ƿǲã
ϻûëСʧȥ˵ڵں̫ɹһϢ
·ߡͻȻмֻɫȸΧٵؽ
ţڽԭˡҰѷһͩĴҶ
棬Զ˿ֻƽиղŰæļֻС
ҲڲԶĵʳȥˡѸת
ǳ֮ǰڼûˣڿϣ
Сȸ,˷֪ԣ
˼ӣׯڣૣҲˣֻе
ЩŴ󻧵ķѣ˲ݷˣҰĽǡࡱ
ǡޡǡùã㡱ʱҶǮٺӶࡣഫһ
ȫֻһӣ˭˭㡣һŮӵĹùôӦһӣ
ʳˡӺԹҰߵؽţ顣
Ψĸֻ࣬ĵѣֻҪԼĺ
ӣȻҿˣͷһëţһǣ
ԭǽǽǣĽǽǵĽ

ÿﶼͣһ󳵣ľͷӣӱҶҪߡһ곤վ
ϣ˱һһյסذ
볯һһ磬һһѹáֱµͽײǸߣֻ
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ҡڣǲһ˽źʵװ
Ǽ㲻õ˾鷳ˣˣһأԭһ
Ҫװüװóϳıһ󳡸
ȥϳԼСſڳǳҺĽ

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쵽ʱٰһԲ}һۣҵĿͷ
ȻȥÿһЩ˳ſꡣʰ˼֦ϣ
ߵڣźӣǹĺСվס롣ص
붼굽ˡѵӣâǡȡ϶
һһĺӡ

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ϳˣҲˮĻҪ꣬Ҫʧ𡣳Թ緹
ȫ˶̯Сƽ̯ڳ̫ò̯
֧֧һСƵġ񡱣Ա͸磬ɣ
֧̽ӡ֧ǾͿ΢Ъһӣɹ˾ͿԿ
ˡ극ͷ졣ӳ壬볡ȥڣҷ׷浽
ߡ˳ӳһ룬һ꣬룡ӳֶӿ
ŶַˮԤƵĴµؿ˸󳡡תһȦӳ
ͻȻɫ䣬ͣͣͣôˡӳһ亹ڳݴս˵
ұղŸˣզˣææѰš
ʱ¸صĽүԶӳ˵ҿ㻹
ȥЪϢҰޣҵͻȥʱѾڸ
˶ߡְ˽ŰѶӳؼҡԭڶӳŻʱ򣬱
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˭ҵޡôˣǺ󻰡

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Ĺ㣬ëµƣ?ӵ´װľҰæ
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ﵹСһ֪ǳ͡үȥһ
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ոɹˡû꣬Ҳû֡һ죬
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òɣһƿˮһһСͷСʵǹģ
ܡгǰȥشʯͷһ·ߣ
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ҴСʯ顣Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪʯͷѵռ
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ҪԣһҪȣҪɲˣզأҪˣʱ
һӸ߸ߵСߣ˵ޣҲʯͷˣ˵
Ӹ磬ѽӸ˵ţٹһ
ӸȻˣһһǴQ״ȦһһСϡ
ѹϸ˵ޣ԰ɣôȣȽʣŶҶ˵
,ҽ򡣡һʯͷȦսסQβͣ
ͷþһãʯͷɼС顣˵ޣһ£ȿ죬
ֲ֡Ҫ̫þʡñʯͷ۾Ӹͣһ
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ˡǶص˼ȿ԰տáιι
԰ӵڸˡҺʱܻջ糣
һƬͷ˳źҶϷȥпСƻĵط߹
ȥһСϡ֮ǰ˳˵СϵĺµС
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ĺӶˣ㺢ӻڲҩԶ־ˣΪ۸ߣ
Сڻȥˣ͵͵õڳؽϵҩﻻǮܱҩ
쵼֡һ磬ҺĻһȺССĺӶڹ
ĸݡҩСϹˣժԡһҰֱȼ
С̵ʱ򲻺óԣʱܳˣժģóԡֻ
ȲûˡһֲݽҰ£Ļ;²һҰ²
ԣĻȴȾָסҰµĻժгָ࣬ͿĨͿ
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͵Ķˡһ루̣һͿ԰ѶŴ򿪡źܺأ
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ڽذͰ͵ʱ򣬾̧ͷһϱߵ
ڳĺˣҺμơƵıԵܰף
޻һ׵ôۡơױӡ죬֪ģźˡһ
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ڵǮӲôͻȻһ£ܿϵӰ
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ĵģĸֹˡĸ˵ˣôҲ
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ѾƵȼڵһ£Ͼ˵ɫĻ档ִ
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ԼаͷСˣֳ̫ˡտգ
ҶڵˮͷأͺʲôҲûһ
װ޹ҸʲôҿʲôҲûɣǰм䱻ˮһ
ССˮ峺౻ղŴӵܻ˲ȵ
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мһź࣬ש̨ϣһˣһ״״Ķ
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ʱͷĻһȺ˼Ҵҵ̤ȥԭǻ
ôŵܵʯͷȥݻû

ǰСһڣЩӰڴűϵĺϡ
湻ˣصڶ˵Ǻúã

ڶ˯Ѳ֪ʯͷˮ嵽ˣʱûˡ
̰ͼڵҩûмʱõܵϹ찵̫ˣѾ
·ˣȥСʯͷͣˣ˲ϹڴͷҤﲻ
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дȶ⡣Ǧʶ˵ʱǦֻǰǦ¶УľͷӺ
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ˣǷ׷׶ˡǴһĺӣԭռС
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ӣĥһʹһܴˡ

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ӣһӰͿˣû˵

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ҡ

һƬӷˣˡΧ˵ĿⶼĵطϽ
ͷͷĵĻ

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ңңҽŲأ˺һҾںң
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ﳪĺҼҵľҲҲûǮǴ·
ĸ׺ͽϷ֯ĲģҪ˵򻨺ͻױƷˡҽ
ҪʲôױƷױ̫١ǸУУҿڽ
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ڶҪѧˣҲϻӸҵĶͳ
һǸεһĺɫŵͷ
ﻹŽ˿ֻ񡪡֪ԧ졣ҶԽ˵
ǻӸҹ˽Ҹģһһ죬סһˤ˵
˭ϡҼҪͷװҵ

ұѧУѾˡ컹Ǻ
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ʱͷеĺڷ˯ѹʱ̫һë߸ߵؼš
Եͷճһͷڲмָ·뼹һϡ
Ӻںģһ㹸]Ǵ󳵵ĳᡣ컨ǰ
ͷ룬Сӣҽϸˣߵͷţ
ûн˿

ϲˡ½дվӣٳϲ٣·
УʱŵһرֽζС˵֪УԵʲộ
Ϊɶô㣡ҶУ硣ҾõС
ʹӼ͵ֽ̣ѧӳ顣٣ͬѧվڸηǰ
ʦ½ˮͰȥӱͷˮҤϴˮʦһˮ
ͬѧмĿ϶һ֣ˮ˳ȥˮڵϽĳܿ
ȥˣƮһʱ̫ˣҳʦڷ
µש̨˾䣬ԵúšԶԶؿ
¹ŵһȥһ̧֣
ˡһֵĴ塣ֵʦͬѧ׷׵ʦȥʦ
ĵؼҰʦˮ

صĸȥҽи׳Էڴͷ˺ܸߴ
ϱӡϷһשңϿġͼ֡
мĴŰҷֳϱ룬׸𱱰ߡ׸òݣͬ
һͬؼҳԷһţıҨϴˮϴҺϴϴ
緹ɡɵɫĲӲࡣ극
ҽеʣƤأ˵ҲǸô˵
ǻˣզˣһʧӡ

ѧʱҰѺͷó˺컨컨ͳѸ
ҡصĸײڼҡҵǰ˼ңڶ߸ҵGż
衣GżҲ졣ҰѸɸ衣Gֱ䣺
ҹԶൣТ˳

ڶȥѧУǰʯͷ˵Զ鷻ȥѽ
Ҫѽʦɴ˵šѧУߡֻ
˵鷻ϷϹ޵ĵطߵͷ컨컨Զ
У˵ţ΢ЦѧŴ˵ߴһһ
ڿлһҵĽǰҼһһˮǣֽ
šֽǷһǣȥһŽﺬһ
ʲ㻯ˣӲǡֽӡšʲˮǣʳƷ
룺ҳҪȢ컨ϱҪʲǣ

ʮģ

͸״ӵʱͺˡҵȲдҵ˯
ˡڶϿʱʦҵûɵվϿΡվҾ
վţҲΣҲдֻ֣վŷѧˣʦ˵վţ
ȻȥԷˣ극ʦȥˡһվĻк쿵쿵Ǽ
Ķӣһú͵ơˣʦӵ
űߵĽܷ紦ú͵Ƶʦһλʦ֪طȡʲô
˵ˣǻϽȥ˵
ؼȥˡ

ʮµһ죬ֱʦ˶⣬ҲȥѧУװˡӳ
иŮȥʰ޻ҲҪȥӳ˵úʰʰú˸һëǮ
ұŽȥʰȥˡһķӶȻΧ
ϣӺһڶǰպγһռУռһУŮ
˵˵ЦЦװһͷͷߣٲȻһͦŴӵи
ͷ󣬰Ѷ޻һ󻨰һ󻨰ڵͷ
ʰúұÿһ޻մĸҶȫװǶʰʰţ
ҽұߵţͻѵͷۻˡǰ
졣ţ˵֣˵Ҳò֣
ҿ·ʼ̡˭ðԶƽţ޺ͻѧ
һ굽軳̡

ʰ˺óʱ䣬ҵġӡûйѾˡұܵ
ͷ档ʰһƬƬһֺܴϡһƬȥһֻ
ϱճ˵ϣǻڵһһ
ɣմңҪ᲻ãҪԱһ⣻ϱҪԽиͻȻ
һ˵ޣզûȥѧУһͷһǻӸ硣˵
Ҳ˵㻹Լ˵Լ˵أ䲻У
̸õġ˵ĺˣfˡʼ˵ˣ
׸޽˻ӵģ˵ţֻӳԶ
ҶӶӳˣ˵ˡ˵űˡ

صͷʰĻ˵㲻úʰɶ˵
ˡߵһƬ׵رһ׸ˣ׸˺Ƥ۲ϡ
һŤ׸ˮšˡٓfһظҡҧһ
ȷһζȻҵѪˡ׸˵Ƥ˺
һһģԵһϽҶӳҪһ𣬰Ѳ
Ƭ˺һƬճҵϡ

չ󣬸˰Ѹ˵Ļװϣųߡұ˵
ˣ׸ͨ죬˵ޣ˭̵ģ˵ɶŮǸ
ںЦ

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һ˵ͷȥҲߣڵȶӳһëǮ˵
ȥӳǺţ벻ͨΪɶҪޣ
޾Ͳˣұֻöߣţӿȵµ˳
߼һһͷһбŵҺ棬ҵĻȥˡ

ڶ죬һǲѧ˯ڿϲǸɸȥˣ
ڿϿͼʱܵǰһ
һͷǸ߱ã˭ǰˣͣ
תǰˣÿԼһ˵Ҳ͵ĺ
ҽңҲ͵ˣҲ͵Ĺȡͷ
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콥ˣóˡȫŮһƬ
ԱСǸѺϵԱߵĿյ¶һһ
ѹѿѣǱĺġǾ𳤳ʹ
ȥһˣһʺĺͳˡڳĺҪͳһ
ӡ˻ԼС·ϼСбؼȥҲ
һܴĺ˳·ߡߵ·ڣӳסң˵ү
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Ҽﶼ

ҼҴǳϵģ̫ůġǳԷʱŷ
Ҽ̨̨϶׳һУ߳Է졣үһ߰źƤһ˵
ɸëϯһƻҲΰúܰ˵ţѺƤ̨̨
ף̨̨µĺڹһ죬һͰѺƤסԵˡ
˵壬˷ѵģƤйԣҶƤԵģ˵
ӪƤͷү˵ǰҲû취ųԣƤ
ӪҶԣɬĸɶһҲԺƤˡ

һ꼶ʱ򣬺ӵҵŷᵽӲԱߴӸǵķˡ
ʵǷӺʹҲǲµҵķӵľϸǵģǴҼҷ
ݶ֡ﱾһھ֪ʲôʱˣǺ˴ɨ
ʱɨµĻǿھˡ֪ΪʲôۻԱɨ
Ļкܶ໨ƤƤڼûԹԺ
Ͳйˡ

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˵ֵġ˭ģҼ˼Ҳ
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ϵǡǧҪǽ׼룺绰ǺöôΪ
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ʱ䣬ﳣиͷ첲͹ⷢţ
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ܲԸػһëǮһܿһ黨ҽżĿ
Ͱ͵ؿҳԣֱĭ

ʮ壩

ӼҲýˡǶGүϣGүֵҼҡ
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ˣҪԵѾװˣȴǵøղųԵİʲô
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꣬ҾͶһˡ

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͸ɹӼͷɼҳб곤ߣ켸λҪ̧ʳᣬ
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һԪǮƶǳҲдơƼ콲Ц˵
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һֱ֦ʡ

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ӶǮڶ죬Ӹһø˿Ǽܣϸ˿װ
εֹܣȥܾ£йҾӵļӣзеĵط˵
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쾵ӣֽ·ھǰ棬ĸһֱˣڽ
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ҵҸףҲڡֻһڵı˯
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ʪֽҲֺҾߡƮѩ㴩
Ժõһ·ͷϴһ컨ִֺڵĴӴ󣬱
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ұбߵϡǰһ죬гȥ
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˫ںͱУ˻Ӹҵſڡһг
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İǽͷкһѩԱúһŲ¯յ

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ʮߣ

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Ǹźʦ˵˵ʦߵ컨
ǰ˵㿴컨дöã˵컨ϳʦ50
ꡣޱֲ˾͓ⷣվŮ޲ֺܱûǲãһ

޵ĵڶͰˣǼҷֵһͷţպõ׵
ʱ򡣸һߺţţһϽֳ̥ſ
รιιؽţãһţ
ˣڳԯϣţѾָܰǰաҹաͣˡӴˣ
ױһµظɻĵ֡һŮС椡һ
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˸Уĵ˳Сҷѧ󣬽ҿ椡
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¹ʱժܶԵӣҺڴ̨ϻкܶ࣬ɫҺˣ
̵ĻƣܺÿҼ˼ҵСϹӣҺС
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˿椻ûֵܷءӸֻõ½ȥܲҷݹ
ЩǮ

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ڵûѧʱÿһĲʱһѾ
2400ԪˡڼҵŷҲܿ͸ˡGүҵŷĥҼң
Ҳ˵˵㿴ŮǮȥ֣޽Ҳ
һ֣㽫Ƥ̫޵ķӣϱð壡㿴
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Ӹʱ仹ӵǮأûϢˡ˵
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ҲҪȥϳˡѧʱͬѧȥҪôУ
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Ըǣÿҵгнҷѧ
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֪ΪΣС˺ܴķӦ

С̣һڣ˫վȥˣȻְ³ʵ
ûȥ˼ںСң˵Ҫղգ
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һܿҪȥˡĩԣͬѧȥˣʦ
ɨӡɨ귿ӣҿʦڷſѧԾߵǰ
һѾڼӷˣպüӵҵԾҿʦھмдһ
1滮ܡܷ֣

ʮˣ

ٺҾ͸ϳˡѧ죬͸׼ɾ
죬ȻҰԵĵɡСɡҵгɰ
ں¼࣬ں¼ϡ˵ޣﳵŽ㣬
ˣӦܴˣѱ챧ϡ˵㣬Ҳѧˣ
һµͶ˵ôУһۻ
ѧɲͣѧ㿴Ѿ˴ѧʵڲͣˣҲ
ͣ˵İϰɣ˵ѧϣ
ѧʱϣҲϰ˭˭ϣΪʲôһҪŲ
ѧϣ

ͻȻһû޵ôĹʵѧ
ʱѧϰǺܺõģѧȱĺ꣬ѧһ¾Ͱϵ
ˡʦ˵⺢Ѿ϶꼶ˣǶָŶ꼶ϣ꣬
ָ꼶ˡ꼶үү͸˵ýͣѧؼҰ
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ַŵӣʮǰϴѧǰϦֵģ˵Ϊ˸
ļΪӵϵĶ
ӣǸ֪ǻ׹⣬Ƶǻ



Ҽ¥ǰֻɰѳ5-6߿ʯĵƺٳȥˮ
͵·ôխĵطѵ˻뵽ȥ˵һһ
խСԣڻ˸ߵö࣬·ǡҼ
գֿ

뿪ʱӳʯϪüĶʯִӸҰ
öǰƺˮԵһĳ߼
Բԣһ硣

꣬ͳ֦ҶïһСƬҼҰᵽ
ȥǼ꣬ǿҼΨһĸﶯǻʱڣ
ǵĺû顣Աԭڷʯͷ˵ֱ̫үү
ʯϪϾģһԲεĳʯֹֿƽڵϾ
һӻСӡһʯһĳ¥״˵
ǻʯ̫ġҺ͵żϻʯͷˣ
Ϊпյʱүү̻һ£
ʯͷϸǽ£ľǰȥĹ¡

СȱٴӪڷܺܿ̿಻Ҫڱ
ĳС൱ڵСѧ1-3꼶ϼҺԶسǾŷ
ССѧ4-6꼶ȥѧУסûޱƬ
Ƭӵġûҵ͵˴󲡣·߲үү
Ͱɵȥ̧ŻġؼʱѧȻȶѧ
УҵͬѧúãسСϪƽصһѧϵ
ǽС.²𡱵صࡣһаҲصõҽԺҽ
С˺Ĵ󲡡үү˵һ̧ȥسǿ·ϣѾֻ
ʣᴭˡٺ忼ϺĻʦѧѧڼֲ
ѵˣòѧһꡭ

ٻ߲ݻϼסʱҲϵ¸ҽ¡
ĹºѶʲôϣѽոˡ˼ɡѽʲô
ԼۡҲСԼۡѽһһ⡣һ
˹Цֽʲôϵ˹𡬘ɽһлİ𣚣
Ҵ֡һܺüǡ¬С󡱣֯ӵ
󡣺ǺǺǣ

粻һ

ҲʫƽơʾСѧ꼶Ϻѧʱ
˵ҵġҵķСͬѧû˵ҵ⡣Сʱûйʫ
ڵС׶԰Ϳʼᱳܶʫ׶Ÿ׾׵ģ
ǰ¹⡱֪ʱڡ͡ҰЩСʱ׶԰С
ѧﶼǵСеģģǡѽáߡ
·߼һǮѧϰ׷ðҺᱳһЩʫ඼Ǹ
ѧġ

ѧӡĹʫʫʫֿڡ
⡷ʱѱѣٻСʫҸе̿֡

1968Ĵ죬ʱܶССֽС򶫡ѧ
ͳ죬̫Ͷ綼Ǻõġΰġٻŵġ
еȴǡٻСرǺ滹䣺ϵ˿
ɻʼɡޡ

֮صλȥյ˵
췴ǶܺͿ޲׼Ļȵȡ˺ûѶһü
ꡣ졢¡ҵǾʫʱѱ
ѡÿʱһӿ



죬ӳˡҼҵһԼժǰסسǲ
ϼժȲǣӲÿСֶëժ
ҲóԣӲɬͦ࣬Һ͵Ǻʧүү˵ǿң
Բóԣ̵ˮЩӾͺܺóˣġǾͼժժ
߹׼

˺ö꣬춼ժӡ

һ죬˵ĵܵүүһժӣժժţСܵ
ֺȻͺٺٺٵشЦ뵽˱õ֣Ц߽У˭
Ͽȥӣ

˺İ֣ĬڼȦġʱŲ67
꣬гֵıֱ

һҲЦӣֿӺ˼ôԶԣ
ҪҲҪٸȥ

ţ̵ͱͳˣǰడֿӶǿ
ġ

Ƭ̣˵Ҳࡱһ



ʱҴңһѹʮꡣ

үү̶

ĸְ嶼ƽָԭλĹҺ͵Ҳ
ѧأ¥ݿáϻˣǰǿ
ȥ󲻾Ҳˡ

ĸ￪źǵսתܶ˼ҾͰǰĶʯƺ
Ľˮ棬ԸߡҸʱ˳ҼҵĵƺҲһ
ˮࡣǸѾû޴ڱҪͱ˳Ʋˡ
ǰֻʣʯͷؾǶ

ҽôĹϼҶ

ѶѾϳеŮһ˺߲ܶ˺
һһƳȳȱϳˡƵƤ˵㻹ǵСʱ򰮳Ի
ѽ

˵ȻǵáǵðְԻƵǵðСָӣ
СԹⱲӵһġ˪˵ĳһ
ĳʱһһţȥʱϪɽ飬ˮ
ʱ㱻ˮߣҿиĵ·˰˵ͳ
ң㻹ǵô֪ˮģ

˵ǵüǵðڶǵãһ11ꡣ

1975ġġüӷճɵС󣬰ô
ŮϿ͵żˮʱǡҴ˸ϼϪ
ϵҼݡشȥ̡

һˣײײظһصҽվǸʱһϼ
ӵҽæòżҡؽлϿ쵽
ȥȥôˡ



˵Щ£Ҿ뵽˵ҲĻٵʱﲻ
УܶҲûȥʮȥүүְ̰ùùɶл
Ǹɻ󡣴˿һʱҲ֪òӱˡ

˲ҾͲڶȻˡ

ԼֻһܣӴһگع飨ǻͼһ
ʲ˵Ľ㡪Ҵ֪ǰΨһĺӣȴ
ָҲʶ˵㣿

Ӧǿ۹ɻӲ˵ĸǱߵ׽㣬ڹ
ġӡ

һһȻԭҲǡġ

ǡΡյķԴغ;۾ӵأӱǡΡ˼ҵŮ
ҰûӡôģԸĹ̻
飬Ͳö֪ݴѹСŮŮԹŶ
Ȼ˾ռߡ

ۺεԵɣһӣûĸϥ³ɳл޶˵Ҳ
һźһ˵Ρ

ֲ˵Ҳࡣ

ڣһӵ˽⣬ѩú͹ɶųģӵҲ
СųġãйңҲ
ǲ֮ҡ

Ҳʡ

쿴겡ӽյģϻ˵ֲֻݡ

Ҹ˵ڳҪǰȥҰ㰢ӵ
طһӡúǺЦ˵ǿɱֿң

˵ǵȻ

2024-10-4һ ͨɽ£

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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ƪĳ¡Ӣѧĵھ£ѧ
˼չСֻ֧Ƿ˼壬ƪ¶
ֵĶڷĹʡ˲οףȤĶ߿вԭġ



һ˼屻ӡˡûܳʵ
طϿ˼ΰľѧңҲǴ󵨵Һ͹֯ߣ
ܳļߣԼʱ̡۱ҡ̻ʱʮ
Ҳϣ˼ѾҼԡ

̵ǣû˼߸ϣ˹һԭ
ѧϵ֤Ψ壬Լƣúڸͷ㵹
áΪ˺ڸı֤ͬʱܾĹ塣

½֤ѧϵʺһҳֽĲȷ
ϣ˼Ͷ˹Լǵ׷߶û⣬ڸϵ
Ĺ壬ĻҺ壻˼Ͷ˹ѧǴ
ڵģǸʱ߼ѧѧѧ㣡

δܶѧмһȱݣΪʲô˼
屻ָΪһЩȱҲΪʲôûһ˼߶߼
ѧѧۡʶֵۡۡۡѧѧ
ԭĹס֮ܶ˼ѱɼȹʱƶľԺѧ
ʼ˵Ĵºͽŵͼ

飬Ϊȷ۲ḻ˼Ͷ˹ŲӦòյѧ
ѧԼʷΪʷĶҪ
֪û˳ԹشҲΪ˼˼Ҫ
ʶ̬ΧߵĿߡҽΪ˼Ͷ˹
ѧҪĶ׷ӵĲ͵׺

һ֤Ψ

˼ѧǱ֤Ψ壬Ψڸ֤Ľ
ϡѧ˵δʲôǰѱ֤Ϊ֤ۡ
νɣ˹Щ޶Ϊ١
ٿһǡ

֤ĵһɡתΪʱ䡱ķʽ˵ͨȷ
ʵÿҪôǼϵĻҪôԡʻԵĳ̶Ȼǿȣ
1׳Ϊ۶ϣڹؼ㣨۵㣩
ı仯Ԫصӱ䣩

ڶɡĶͳһӺ͹ӵȼ
Ĵ֤αлҵҵȸϵͳʹеĿɷֽ
Ϊ棬ҲǼٵġ磬˺ԼȺҲӿ
ʱ̾ͷѡڷصУԹѵʱҲȶ࣬
涷ʤ׼ͻ

仯ìܵ뷨Զ˼һӣǵ͵ԭʼ
͹Ŵ˼άˣǵ֥ŵţ仯ìܵģʸֲ
ǲܵġȻ֥ŵ֮󲻾óֵѧҲδһ
谭Ƕԣֹʣ˶档Ȼ25
ͺ󣬶˹Ӧڸ˽֮ظ֥ŵ֥ŵ˸
ìһı仯ִı֤ѧͬʱߡˣؾ
2500Ŀѧ

ǣ˹бҪıŵѧԷϱ֤ȷʵ˶
-¶ʵĹ룬ͳһ壻ͬ
Ϊ̫-ǵ໥š֮
˹ǸʱҪѧۣΪĤݺڸţ١
֮£䡶Ȼ֤йڡͶڴԳתеáľ
£ǵǰѧݻ۵

ӵһķڶɡз
յģΪѶʹݻںͽ֮ǰ֪Ȳʵ
ĿΨһֶΣҲֶΣֻһСǷСıѡ
Ҳǿܴ־õĽıѡΪʹ沢ˡ
ڸദá

ڵ֤ɡ񶨡֮񶨡ֻҪǲ֪
ġ񶨡͡ʲô˼Ͳ⡣Σϣҵﱲ
Ƕүү˫ط񶨡

ܽһ£֤ġɡǶʡġѧġ
ġĺͼġЧձ仯ɡǵȷ֪һЩ塢
ϸСȺЧһɡǷκձɣκ
ʵģʽǸ⡣ֹɣǿ϶ͨڸ
ڿѧı˼ڤ룬֡

ڸŲ

ҵֹκѧϵĺġı
ܱŨΪ䣬˵Щ޵ġ֮̽ǰ
ո׵Уɬǿ̵ģʿ̡֮Ȼ
ڸͨд硰ǴǴڵۺϡĺӮ͡

飬κ˼ʶڸǲɻյģͱڳ
ʧ볢ͷչκܴӳд̳Ķ֮ѡ񡣵һѡ
ȫٵģ˼ԼдĽʱѧ
ܳ˼ѧҰٰͶҲΪҲ˼ǡִΰ
ķѧҡ

һ棬˼Ͷ˹ѧŲԱΪѺڸġ
Ѷ͹ĴΨ壬Լ뼤ķ˶ĸǰ;
ѿʧܳԡĸѿϵͳΨ壨ͺգݻ
ᣩѧ壨׶ƽ壨¬󣩡

κؽ˼ѧĳԣȫڸʼ
Ϊз˶ѧġΪܾǸʱ
ѧͼΪ̡ʹΪִ֪

˼߶ԣȫڸףΪ˼˹
ηڸȷʵ˼Ϊΰ˼ҡ˹ڱţٵ
ͬʱͺڸ̽鵱ʱĿѧȷ֤ԼĲ룺ڸ֪
Եİŷ֣дһڸۡԼ
ŵ1914Ͷоעڸġ󡱡߼ѧëڵ
սʼһдġìۡ

һǰĵ¹Ժڸǿģһƺһ
жֳɴ𰸵ϵڸ־޴仯ʱɡ⣬
ڸȲĶַϣغлָɬҲǸ
ǣ1914ҵڸߣ1937ҵ͸ˣִ߼ѧ
ԭѧѧѧʱչ

ԺڸǿңĵһӳطΪɺڸ
ɺɺڸɡһͺ󵱵¹һΪʱÿ¹кڸ
ѧἰӦΪǣ˼Ͷ˹˺ڸĹ壬
ǲδܾԺĳԼԴţٿʼִѧľܾ
˹ظ˺ڸĻԣĿնһţ˶
ɡ

˼߶ʽ߼һӣҵĺһǰѻ
Ϊ֤ӡڶǹһִ߼ѧ
ѧҡ⣺߼ȱǾ̬ģ֤߼Ϊ
棬ΪǶԱ仯ۡػԡһΪͬ߼
ѧ뱾ֻۣԺڸĿ͹۹˵ͨģΨ
߶ǲġڶΪԱ仯ĿѧоԶģǾǿ
ľɷ֡Ϊ֤߼δԽԽ׶Ρ

Ȼ֤ЩȱҪβйĻ
1966C1976ʷĿֲ֮һȣֱֵһᡣȷʵ
ⳡ˶ۻǣìܡб仯Դڣ
йѽҪìܡ׼񵳵ĳͻձս
ˣйܵͣ͵вɴҪµĴԿ˶
ˡΪʲô쵼ɿȥݻһоٳɹˣ
5000ʧȥ12ҴѧУʼò
12ؽ

ǶԱ֤ΨĴӵ˽ڣתʷΨ壬
ӦǰӦãʵԭöҳɹ˶öࡣ

ʷΨ

ʷΨ᱾ۣٶСġĶա
Ǿõġ֤˲ԡȡ˺صĹ裬
֮ǽǵķ⡪ֱΨ
ۺͺöʤԼ;/ĻԪۡ

壨壩⣺ڲֲ֧˱
ںоʿᳫߣҺڸ׷
ͷϺ󲻾ǣڸ
ң޹ҵ˼ײпСġĶԴ

߼϶վסţΪվֲ-ϵĶ壬κһ
ûһڡΪʲôҪֲ-ϵ۵
᱾۵ʾ¶ϵĲԣ
϶µĲԡԱɹΪиܶԶԤ
ȴڵϵͳУϵͳֻܸݸܶ⡪ϵͳΪ
۵Ȼģ
壬輫Ȩ塣ڣתڶ裺Ψۡ

Ψ⣺ĵһ˼Ͷ˹һ
⣬ҲΪѧ۹塱񱻼˶Ӱ
֥ӸѧɳԱӵΨǵķա

ţΨֻһЩг磬ҵִ
ʱ𣬳׸ıļз档ضα
ǨֳصĶԼضĻǨʶֺΪ̣Ҳ
ˡ

Ȼ˼Ͷ˹ʵʱ޶Ψ⣺һЩ˽ż
УǳʱռϷ磬ʱĻռϷ硣òһ
/ʶԪۡȷʵġۡУ˹һΪ
²㽨ûϲ㽨ʣµĶȻǰѹŴ/
ĶԪ۴ѧ͹ѧֲġĶ

飬һµΨӦðΪʿ壬ȻȻ
壬Ϊɷ֣ҪˣԼ˹Ʒʿ塣⣬
ϵͳġáȷģ-żĸ෴

һµΨ߲Ѿ-ĻĻΪ-ü
żһӣǰΪʵʵĻϵͳ
ʵ塣磬ǻѡ-䡱һΪҵҵ
еļʦĹ

⣬ʵκĻ뾭һҪȺ
ɨäȴչʾ仰˵ÿУӦͬ
䲻ϵͳϵϵĻϵ

ʽһʹ˼߿˽о
̶ҵ͹ҡýһǣ
˼ڱ۰ѿƼںδ˼һΪ²㽨
Ϊǣʶ̬һϲ㽨

Щֹ˶˼ʶĸԡҲ
һäĿԣ˼ѧ˼Ļѧ
˼οѧĲڣʷΨһоͽ
ġĶȻǼǰ

öʤԴںصġ֮һ⡣˼
ʤ⣺ʷǽ׼ʷ߶
ԭҲΪ棬׼޹صҪι̺Ļ̣
ոˡڽ̸ĸѧս

ҪϽ׼ͽ׼ͼԿʷ棬
˼ٱģе߹ձ
ĸࡰյ·¹ʵıʱᱻָʾý׼ĽǶȴͬ־

ҪǣöʤӺʵ뾺һ鲼ȷʵû
кͲϵͳʶûдӼͥԱĳͻԼ
ζϵͳڳͻиҪ

ȻȱݣΨ᱾һѱ֤ǳͻ
б仯֮ĸͻȹ᱾۳ɹ˶öࡣȷʵ
ǶԵѧ׵ĴҲչʾκαƶ
幫оⲢǹҪǾ˼д
ָֻǻĶ޶ڲЧ

ȻȱݣΨ᱾۱ȹ᱾
⡢ڹͣѧɳɹ˶öࡣȷʵھ۽ڲͼ
ѧɳɹʱк̡ȻǼǰ

ġʶ֪ʶѧ

˼˺ӵľ壬˿¹
Ե⡣֮£ĺ߸ϣ˹زȡԴ
ʿѧɵľʶۣߴ׼򡰷еģ
޲ڸоС

⣬ѧ㡢󡢷ֲ͵
Ҳ֪ữͬѰ뷨й
۶ô󣬶ŨȺھ顱ˣڽ̻αѧ
Ҳھ顣ûзֱ뷨ӿ֡磬ѧԭ
ѧŴѧݻѧ۶롣

֮˼岢δḻʶֻۣñ֤ĻҸ
ζǣδȡѹףѧҪ󣺼˵
뱻顣̵ǣ뾭ìܡ⣬˼
ѧĽȷʵ˼ѧҶѧ֤
Ϊ٣Ϊ˼˹Ʒеĳìܡ

䱾߶ȤġΨ;塷
⣬ָһЩ׿Խѧǡʲ׼߹Ȼڽ¶
׿ԽѧҵϣǶԵҲΨһġûһְҵѧ
ô࣬ΪɵѧҪôǿҪôǺڸɡ

Ȼ˼Ͷ˹δḻ֪ʶѧйԶԹ
ὨеĿѧѧʼ档ȷʵ˼Ϊ
ʶΪ׼˹Ҹͨʹͳù
δʾûԵĽ׼˼ֹŹֲοԱ顣

ڽʿºͺڸѧ汾ʱ˼Ͷ˹
ؾܾ˹γԹΨ⡣ڽΪʲô
Ψѧʵ֪񾭿ѧνӪ֮⡣

̵ǣûѧѧɾȻΨ۵ġ֪Ψ۹
˿ʣ籫˹ɭţ١Ȼѧѧԭ
ƣⲿƷԽţǸʱļѡԺɭԲ
ҪǣţûзκλǴ˵һĿѧۣ
٤ԡպͻݸ˹˶ɡҲҪǣ۳Ϊ
ִеѧĻ

ǲӦ͹ѧҵỷΪ⽫̼ǡϾִ
ѧһСȽŷ޹ңӡȡǣ۶ô
ᶼ޷ȡһԡרŵʷѧңû˼ǵӢ1687
ʲôţٵľһꡣ

ȺǸ˼˼һͺὨ
·ˣΪпѧʵὨ
忴汾ǣоɻӦר
߲̽Ҫг֪ࡣǣѧͳĽáӦ
Ϊҵˣϲǣ˼׷سΪִ
ڸһ塣

塢Уʵ

˼ڷѶ͹11еһҲһ
гҲĹϣѧԸַʽڹ͡磬
ؼڸı硣ģȿԱĶΪʤ
ԣҲԱĶΪûѧжĺ١

κһڹͣ׼ʵԡ˼
ѧҰ¡ʷΨΪеѧ˼
ۼҲ˱ѡĶƣʺ϶ԪĶʶʺ
޾ľԺѧʽۡ

Σ11ҪּǼԽۡ׼Ӧڼе
ѧǺӦñäĿжȡǾǣû֧ŵж
仰˵ʵɱԵģΪȰǲȡж

Ȼ˼δ11ʵΪе˶˹ļ
̽Ǹʱʱ徭á仰еӣ20
ͣѧҪ˼֮չܿϧα
ѧһǶѧҺͿѧңԼ20ͺҶӢ˼
ʷѧҡЩѧ߶ûдԭľѧۣѧ
ѧ

ΪĹ쵼㶼ȱڼʵµѧ
оָ쵼˲ɵʱƴյĹȼ򵥵Ŀںɻء
߶ϵĲе˼άһ

ǣŵͻȻ˼ߴֲΪר
ʱ壬̽νġʵڵ塱Ǿǣһ
ǰԭĽʽѭʹǿԼƤ·顣
ʵ֮Ĵ䣬бİ

滮

˼۹Ϊ⣺ҵΨһάͳν׼
档һسΪԹҴ5000ǰӿ;
ܣάִƣԼ͹衣స
УһеߺͰƲߵ񡣼סȡ
ͰԼʱĸң͹ˡ

˼Ͷ˹ûбȨĲԡʷһ£
޲׼ʱľáìܡԶ˹䡶
ӿ뵽ѧķչӽβ޵˵ʽ
ʽ

ʷۣʷǾϵ֮Ѫ֮ļ
ҶӦò˳ԾǣĴʼ˶ԸӶûκ
ƻǶԣ滮ƺǸаߵĶע
а߸滮ô滮аġǣ1917
ûнκμƻ

ƹ滮ýͯϷһ򵥡ʱƴյĽǣ
ʲάڶȨ10Ϳʼ彨裬ʱʼ˵һƻ
1928C1933ʵʩͬʱʱ徭1929Ļֱ
ƻɹˡ

ľù滮˳ɹڱʱơǣ
ǹ뼯ȨģҹʶȨĶǲģֹ滮˶
Σֻеط߲ܽѡ

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ʵ塱һ̣ȨʹͳξӢ֮
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ˣƻһũҵľתΪΰĹҵǿ
õ˼ƣ벻ƽȽˮƽɴ壬
ϹȫʧܣΪ١ΪǣΪ
ȨģʶǾӢĶƽģԸȨģ
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塣1875¹幤˵ĸʱֹǰ
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ڶļڮˡʲ׼ȨʽȨ
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ڸѧĳԵµġ˼ѧҰԼ
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˼ѧ߶ԱΪԶŵдӦò
˳ԾǣȻѧѧ20͵ļشչ
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ҶӨȥȦǵ¡ҶӨռйŵʫ裬
˺ܶ飬Ҳ˲٣ǲĿˣûп
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ŸƵĺʫȻܶࡣʫˣά׾סҲ
кܶƵĺʫʫ裬ӦôЩ˵ƪΪʫ
Щ˵ʫöˣƷҲƷζҲ֪ʲô
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2024.11.27¼
2024.12.09

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ȥצͽҵƣöӿġ 

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θˣθһþΪӲ,Ҵϸ,
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˹ͻú˹ͻȻѩƵģ󹤱úｫϢ
ͬ˹ը˹ըǿӵ˹꣬ȼձը 

ͳϸͰˡʮسа󣬴Ͻͳʱ
綨ÿÿϽʮԪɸ֯塢ɲ¶շѣίɰٷ
֮á 

ͲϪԴԡٵɽƷν˲ΪͲ 

18˦ڣϪԴԡٵ˼ǣ׶ѽˤѽѽ
ȵȲΪˣСƢѽȵȡ 

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